Fidèle Almasri, Eleonora Aimaretti, Nadine Sus, Erik Schéle, Suzanne L. Dickson, Rikard Landberg, Massimo Collino, Jan Frank
Fiber‐rich rye foods reduced body weight in overweight or obese individuals compared to refined wheat, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study compared the effects of whole grain fermented and unfermented rye with refined wheat crispbread on body weight and lipid metabolism in rats. Exploratory outcomes included adiposity, appetite biomarkers, glucose homeostasis, colon inflammation, integrity, and permeability. Sprague Dawley rats ( n = 54) were acclimatized (2 weeks) and randomized to control ( n = 9) or high‐fat diets ( n = 45) for 16 weeks. Animals in the high‐fat group were randomized to continue the high‐fat ( n = 9) or receive a standard diet alone ( n = 9) or the standard diet with either refined wheat crispbread ( n = 9), fermented rye crispbread ( n = 9), or unfermented rye crispbread ( n = 9) for 8 weeks. A high‐fat diet did not affect final body weight, glucose homeostasis, and colon inflammation, but increased energy intake, adiposity, and leptin compared to control, and hepatic triacylglycerols compared to all other groups. Unfermented rye crispbread increased plasma HDL‐cholesterol and reduced hepatic triacylglycerols and cholesterol compared to refined wheat, despite the absence of effects on obesity and glycemic control. No differences were observed between fermented and unfermented rye. Unfermented whole‐grain rye crispbread may potentially exhibit favorable lipid‐modulating effects.
{"title":"Unfermented High‐Fiber Rye Crispbread Increases Plasma HDL and Reduces Hepatic Lipids Compared to Refined Wheat in Rats Fed a High‐Fat Diet","authors":"Fidèle Almasri, Eleonora Aimaretti, Nadine Sus, Erik Schéle, Suzanne L. Dickson, Rikard Landberg, Massimo Collino, Jan Frank","doi":"10.1002/mnfr.70352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.70352","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/> Fiber‐rich rye foods reduced body weight in overweight or obese individuals compared to refined wheat, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study compared the effects of whole grain fermented and unfermented rye with refined wheat crispbread on body weight and lipid metabolism in rats. Exploratory outcomes included adiposity, appetite biomarkers, glucose homeostasis, colon inflammation, integrity, and permeability. Sprague Dawley rats ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 54) were acclimatized (2 weeks) and randomized to control ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 9) or high‐fat diets ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 45) for 16 weeks. Animals in the high‐fat group were randomized to continue the high‐fat ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 9) or receive a standard diet alone ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 9) or the standard diet with either refined wheat crispbread ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 9), fermented rye crispbread ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 9), or unfermented rye crispbread ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 9) for 8 weeks. A high‐fat diet did not affect final body weight, glucose homeostasis, and colon inflammation, but increased energy intake, adiposity, and leptin compared to control, and hepatic triacylglycerols compared to all other groups. Unfermented rye crispbread increased plasma HDL‐cholesterol and reduced hepatic triacylglycerols and cholesterol compared to refined wheat, despite the absence of effects on obesity and glycemic control. No differences were observed between fermented and unfermented rye. Unfermented whole‐grain rye crispbread may potentially exhibit favorable lipid‐modulating effects.","PeriodicalId":212,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Nutrition & Food Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a major lethal complication of diabetes, involves ferroptosis as a key pathogenic mechanism. Meanwhile, studies on the cardioprotective effect of artemisinin (Art) are mostly superficial, its specific mechanisms and whether it is related to ferroptosis is unclear. This study investigated Art's cardioprotective effects against DCM‐associated ferroptosis through in vitro and in vivo models. In high glucose‐treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes, Art significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Fe 2+ levels while preserving mitochondrial function. In streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic mice, 8‐week Art treatment improved cardiac function, attenuated histopathological damage, and normalized serum markers (CK, LDH, TG, and TC). Art restored redox balance by increasing glutathione (GSH) while decreasing MDA and Fe 2+ , and reversed DCM‐induced protein expression changes: upregulating GPX4, HO‐1, Nrf2, and NQO1 while downregulating TfR and P53. Both Art and ferroptosis inhibitor Fer‐1 demonstrated comparable protective effects, confirming Art's action through ferroptosis inhibition. These findings establish Art as a promising therapeutic candidate for DCM via modulation of the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway and iron homeostasis.
{"title":"Artemisinin Protects Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Inhibiting Ferroptosis via Upregulating Nrf2/NQO1 and GPX4 Pathways","authors":"Dongjie Li, Chunpu Song, Ling Huang, Xiaoyan Zhao","doi":"10.1002/mnfr.70296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.70296","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a major lethal complication of diabetes, involves ferroptosis as a key pathogenic mechanism. Meanwhile, studies on the cardioprotective effect of artemisinin (Art) are mostly superficial, its specific mechanisms and whether it is related to ferroptosis is unclear. This study investigated Art's cardioprotective effects against DCM‐associated ferroptosis through in vitro and in vivo models. In high glucose‐treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes, Art significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Fe <jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> levels while preserving mitochondrial function. In streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic mice, 8‐week Art treatment improved cardiac function, attenuated histopathological damage, and normalized serum markers (CK, LDH, TG, and TC). Art restored redox balance by increasing glutathione (GSH) while decreasing MDA and Fe <jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> , and reversed DCM‐induced protein expression changes: upregulating GPX4, HO‐1, Nrf2, and NQO1 while downregulating TfR and P53. Both Art and ferroptosis inhibitor Fer‐1 demonstrated comparable protective effects, confirming Art's action through ferroptosis inhibition. These findings establish Art as a promising therapeutic candidate for DCM via modulation of the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway and iron homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":212,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Nutrition & Food Research","volume":"8 12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145704164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nathalia Almeida Costa, Gabriela de Matuoka e Chiocchetti, Maria Carolina Ximenes de Godoy, Alessandra Gambero, Gabriela Alves Macedo, Juliana Alves Macedo
While some purified phenolic compounds are known to modulate intestinal carbohydrate metabolism, the potential of complex phenolic‐rich extracts from different agro‐industrial by‐product sources remains underexplored. This study evaluated extracts obtained from major Brazilian by‐products as a sustainable strategy to recover different bioactive compounds with the potential to reduce the glycemic impact of sugars and promote metabolic health. Phenolic‐rich extracts from green coffee (GCE), orange by‐products (OBE), and peanut skin (PSE) were assessed for cytotoxicity potential, sucrase‐isomaltase (SI) inhibition, basolateral glucose transport, gene expression of glucose transporters, and genes involved in glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) translocation in Caco‐2 cells. The extracts showed no cytotoxicity, except for PSE above 30 µg/mL. OBE and PSE were unable to inhibit SI, and PSE did not inhibit glucose transport and gene expression. GCE inhibited SI activity by up to 51% and achieved maximum inhibition at 100 µg/mL, with no further effect at 10‐fold higher concentrations. Despite not reducing glucose transport, GCE downregulated SGLT‐1 (0.35‐fold) and PKC (0.37‐fold), suggesting a modulatory effect on active glucose transport and possibly interference in GLUT2 translocation. These findings indicate the potential of GCE to modulate intestinal absorption of carbohydrates, making it promising for application in functional foods with possible regulation of the glycemic response.
{"title":"Upcycled Green Coffee Phenolic‐Rich Extract Modulates Key Pathways of Glucose Absorption in Caco‐2 Cells: Findings From a Screening of Upcycled Agro‐Industrial By‐Products for Application in Functional Foods","authors":"Nathalia Almeida Costa, Gabriela de Matuoka e Chiocchetti, Maria Carolina Ximenes de Godoy, Alessandra Gambero, Gabriela Alves Macedo, Juliana Alves Macedo","doi":"10.1002/mnfr.70353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.70353","url":null,"abstract":"While some purified phenolic compounds are known to modulate intestinal carbohydrate metabolism, the potential of complex phenolic‐rich extracts from different agro‐industrial by‐product sources remains underexplored. This study evaluated extracts obtained from major Brazilian by‐products as a sustainable strategy to recover different bioactive compounds with the potential to reduce the glycemic impact of sugars and promote metabolic health. Phenolic‐rich extracts from green coffee (GCE), orange by‐products (OBE), and peanut skin (PSE) were assessed for cytotoxicity potential, sucrase‐isomaltase (SI) inhibition, basolateral glucose transport, gene expression of glucose transporters, and genes involved in glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) translocation in Caco‐2 cells. The extracts showed no cytotoxicity, except for PSE above 30 µg/mL. OBE and PSE were unable to inhibit SI, and PSE did not inhibit glucose transport and gene expression. GCE inhibited SI activity by up to 51% and achieved maximum inhibition at 100 µg/mL, with no further effect at 10‐fold higher concentrations. Despite not reducing glucose transport, GCE downregulated SGLT‐1 (0.35‐fold) and PKC (0.37‐fold), suggesting a modulatory effect on active glucose transport and possibly interference in GLUT2 translocation. These findings indicate the potential of GCE to modulate intestinal absorption of carbohydrates, making it promising for application in functional foods with possible regulation of the glycemic response.","PeriodicalId":212,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Nutrition & Food Research","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145704539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the associations between different forms of dietary, serum, and red blood cell folate and frailty in US NHANES participants using two frailty assessment tools: the frailty index (FI) and phenotype.Folate levels in various forms were assessed using 24-h dietary recalls and fasting blood sample. Frailty status was determined using a FI based on 36 frailty items or the five criteria of the frailty phenotype. Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the associations between folate levels and frailty.Among 31 719 participants (mean age 50.4 [SD, 17.9] years, 51.2% female), 8340 (26.3%) were classified as frailty by the FI. Penalized spline logistic models revealed significant L-shaped associations between natural food folate and frailty, and U-shaped associations for fortified foods folic acid with frailty (p-nonlinear < 0.05). Compared to the second intake quartile, participants in the lowest quartiles of natural food folate had a higher prevalence of frailty (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07-1.28), while those in the third (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.99) and fourth quartiles (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.75-0.92) had lower prevalence. U-shaped associations were also observed for serum total folate, 5-methylTHF, non-methyl folate, and RBC folate with frailty (p-nonlinear < 0.001), along with positive associations for serum UMFA and Mefox with frailty. Higher frailty prevalence was found in participants in the lowest quartile of serum total folate, 5-methylTHF, and non-methyl folate (ORs ranging from 1.16 to 1.29) and in the fourth quartile of non-methyl folate and RBC folate (ORs 1.18-1.31).U-shaped associations were observed for fortified foods folic acid and blood folate (serum total folate, 5-methylTHF, non-methyl folate, and RBC folate), an L-shaped association for natural food folate, and positive associations for serum UMFA and Mefox with frailty.
{"title":"Associations of Dietary, Serum, and Red Blood Cell Folate With Frailty: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Tingyu Wang,Zhiquan Diao,Jing Li,Haoyu Yan,Zhitong Xu,Wenqi Huang,Miao Xu,Yingying Niu,Jianfeng Zhong,Chengping Li,Lianhong Chen,Xiaofeng Liang,Dan Liu","doi":"10.1002/mnfr.70351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.70351","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the associations between different forms of dietary, serum, and red blood cell folate and frailty in US NHANES participants using two frailty assessment tools: the frailty index (FI) and phenotype.Folate levels in various forms were assessed using 24-h dietary recalls and fasting blood sample. Frailty status was determined using a FI based on 36 frailty items or the five criteria of the frailty phenotype. Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the associations between folate levels and frailty.Among 31 719 participants (mean age 50.4 [SD, 17.9] years, 51.2% female), 8340 (26.3%) were classified as frailty by the FI. Penalized spline logistic models revealed significant L-shaped associations between natural food folate and frailty, and U-shaped associations for fortified foods folic acid with frailty (p-nonlinear < 0.05). Compared to the second intake quartile, participants in the lowest quartiles of natural food folate had a higher prevalence of frailty (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07-1.28), while those in the third (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.99) and fourth quartiles (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.75-0.92) had lower prevalence. U-shaped associations were also observed for serum total folate, 5-methylTHF, non-methyl folate, and RBC folate with frailty (p-nonlinear < 0.001), along with positive associations for serum UMFA and Mefox with frailty. Higher frailty prevalence was found in participants in the lowest quartile of serum total folate, 5-methylTHF, and non-methyl folate (ORs ranging from 1.16 to 1.29) and in the fourth quartile of non-methyl folate and RBC folate (ORs 1.18-1.31).U-shaped associations were observed for fortified foods folic acid and blood folate (serum total folate, 5-methylTHF, non-methyl folate, and RBC folate), an L-shaped association for natural food folate, and positive associations for serum UMFA and Mefox with frailty.","PeriodicalId":212,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Nutrition & Food Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"e70351"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145696746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arpit Sharma, Shruti S. Raut, Alok Shukla, Shivani Gupta, Amit Singh, Abha Mishra
Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide, with therapeutic resistance and toxicity limiting the effectiveness of conventional treatments. Natural compounds have attracted significant interest as adjuncts to modern oncology owing to their ability to modulate multiple oncogenic pathways with comparatively low toxicity. Among these, genistein (GEN), piperine (PIP), and resveratrol (RES) represent particularly promising candidates. GEN, a phytoestrogen, exerts antiproliferative and pro‐apoptotic effects through phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), and NF‐κB (Nuclear Factor kappa B) signaling. PIP, an alkaloid, not only demonstrates cytotoxicity and cell‐cycle arrest but also improves the bioavailability of co‐administered therapeutics. RES, a polyphenolic compound, regulates AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), PI3K/Akt, and MAPK pathways, inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis, and sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapy. Synergistic combinations of these phytochemicals have shown enhanced apoptotic responses and significantly reduced IC 50 values in cancer, underscoring their potential as multitargeted therapeutic agents. Despite encouraging preclinical and early clinical findings, challenges such as poor solubility and bioavailability hinder clinical translation. This review critically explores their synergistic effects while highlighting the challenges in translating these findings into clinical applications for lung cancer. By elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms and therapeutic synergy, these natural compounds emerge as promising adjuncts for lung cancer therapy, warranting further mechanistic and clinical investigation.
{"title":"Phytochemical Triad in Lung Cancer: Synergistic Mechanisms and Clinical Translation of Genistein, Piperine, and Resveratrol","authors":"Arpit Sharma, Shruti S. Raut, Alok Shukla, Shivani Gupta, Amit Singh, Abha Mishra","doi":"10.1002/mnfr.70348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.70348","url":null,"abstract":"Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide, with therapeutic resistance and toxicity limiting the effectiveness of conventional treatments. Natural compounds have attracted significant interest as adjuncts to modern oncology owing to their ability to modulate multiple oncogenic pathways with comparatively low toxicity. Among these, genistein (GEN), piperine (PIP), and resveratrol (RES) represent particularly promising candidates. GEN, a phytoestrogen, exerts antiproliferative and pro‐apoptotic effects through phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), and NF‐κB (Nuclear Factor kappa B) signaling. PIP, an alkaloid, not only demonstrates cytotoxicity and cell‐cycle arrest but also improves the bioavailability of co‐administered therapeutics. RES, a polyphenolic compound, regulates AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), PI3K/Akt, and MAPK pathways, inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis, and sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapy. Synergistic combinations of these phytochemicals have shown enhanced apoptotic responses and significantly reduced IC <jats:sub>50</jats:sub> values in cancer, underscoring their potential as multitargeted therapeutic agents. Despite encouraging preclinical and early clinical findings, challenges such as poor solubility and bioavailability hinder clinical translation. This review critically explores their synergistic effects while highlighting the challenges in translating these findings into clinical applications for lung cancer. By elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms and therapeutic synergy, these natural compounds emerge as promising adjuncts for lung cancer therapy, warranting further mechanistic and clinical investigation.","PeriodicalId":212,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Nutrition & Food Research","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145673869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diverse dietary transitions across populations have contributed to the simultaneous rise of under‐ and over‐nutrition, especially among women of reproductive age, where such imbalances have direct implications for obstetric, neonatal, and long‐term metabolic outcomes. Therefore, this study examines the prevalence and co‐occurrence of abnormal body mass index (BMI) and selected micronutrient deficiencies (iron, vitamin B12, and vitamin D) in non‐pregnant women of reproductive age (18–40 years). Using a cross‐sectional design, non‐pregnant women aged 18–40 years were evaluated for anthropometric status, hematological indices, and serum levels of ferritin, vitamin B12, and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed using the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA‐IR). Descriptive statistics were used to estimate prevalence, while chi‐square tests and multivariate logistic regression models identified associations between age, BMI categories, micronutrient status, and IR. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported using SPSS version 26. Among the study population, 44.07% exhibited abnormal BMI with concurrent anemia, including overweight with anemia (27.59%), obesity with anemia (10.37%), and underweight with anemia (6.11%). Ferritin deficiency was present in 49.85% of participants, though only 57.22% of these had anemia, indicating subclinical iron depletion. Vitamin B12 and vitamin D deficiencies were found in 34.25% and 67% of women, respectively. IR was observed in 42.82% of subjects. Women aged 33–40 years had a significantly higher likelihood of presenting with abnormal BMI and at least one micronutrient deficiency (OR = 1.54; 95% CI: 1.09–2.12). The clustering of abnormal BMI, micronutrient deficiencies, and IR, especially women of reproductive age, not only calls for age‐specific metabolic screening but also dietary diversification, nutrient‐rich food promotion, and context‐specific fortification to address both visible and hidden forms of malnutrition in reproductive‐aged women.
{"title":"Occurrence of Nutritional Deficiencies (Ferritin, Vitamin B12, and D) and Abnormal BMI Among Women of Reproductive Age: Implications for Sustainable Food‐Based Interventions","authors":"Mohd. Ashraf Ganie, Puthiyaveettil Khadar Jabbar, Neena Malhotra, Rakesh Sahay, Subhankar Chowdhury, Vanita Suri, Prasanta Kumar Bhattacharya, Sarita Agrawal, Roya Rozati, Rohina Bashir, Sobia Nisar, Haroon Rashid, Reshma Roshan, Imtiyaz wani, Khurshid Paddar, Mumtaz Gowhar, Aadil yousuf","doi":"10.1002/mnfr.70347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.70347","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/> Diverse dietary transitions across populations have contributed to the simultaneous rise of under‐ and over‐nutrition, especially among women of reproductive age, where such imbalances have direct implications for obstetric, neonatal, and long‐term metabolic outcomes. Therefore, this study examines the prevalence and co‐occurrence of abnormal body mass index (BMI) and selected micronutrient deficiencies (iron, vitamin B12, and vitamin D) in non‐pregnant women of reproductive age (18–40 years). <jats:label/> Using a cross‐sectional design, non‐pregnant women aged 18–40 years were evaluated for anthropometric status, hematological indices, and serum levels of ferritin, vitamin B12, and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed using the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA‐IR). Descriptive statistics were used to estimate prevalence, while chi‐square tests and multivariate logistic regression models identified associations between age, BMI categories, micronutrient status, and IR. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported using SPSS version 26. Among the study population, 44.07% exhibited abnormal BMI with concurrent anemia, including overweight with anemia (27.59%), obesity with anemia (10.37%), and underweight with anemia (6.11%). Ferritin deficiency was present in 49.85% of participants, though only 57.22% of these had anemia, indicating subclinical iron depletion. Vitamin B12 and vitamin D deficiencies were found in 34.25% and 67% of women, respectively. IR was observed in 42.82% of subjects. Women aged 33–40 years had a significantly higher likelihood of presenting with abnormal BMI and at least one micronutrient deficiency (OR = 1.54; 95% CI: 1.09–2.12). <jats:label/> The clustering of abnormal BMI, micronutrient deficiencies, and IR, especially women of reproductive age, not only calls for age‐specific metabolic screening but also dietary diversification, nutrient‐rich food promotion, and context‐specific fortification to address both visible and hidden forms of malnutrition in reproductive‐aged women.","PeriodicalId":212,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Nutrition & Food Research","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145673879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arsenic exposure from contaminated food and water is a global nutritional issue. Nutritional interventions indicate that dietary polyphenols, such as quercetin, may reduce these toxic effects via antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. This study examined the protective effect of quercetin against arsenic-induced toxicity in a Wistar rat model. Twenty-four adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups as follows: control (G0), arsenic-exposed (G1; 5 mg/kg/day NaAsO2), quercetin-treated (G2; approximately 50 mg/kg/day), and co-treated (G3; arsenic + quercetin). Over 28 days, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), cytokine gene expression (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β), claudin, occludin (CLDN1, OCLN), and fecal microbial profiles (q-PCR, diversity index) were assessed. Our results demonstrate that arsenic exposure significantly reduces antioxidant enzyme levels, elevates pro-inflammatory cytokines, disrupts tight junction protein expression, and causes dysbiosis and proliferation of Proteobacteria and E. coli, ultimately damaging intestinal structure. Quercetin treatment, especially in G3, restored antioxidant levels, balanced cytokine profiles, normalized tight junction gene expression, and maintained gut microbial diversity. Histopathological and correlation analyses also confirmed structural and functional recovery of gut tissues. These findings support quercetin's potential as a dietary intervention to counteract heavy metal-induced gut disorders, reinforcing its nutritional relevance in environmental toxins.
{"title":"Quercetin Modulates Gut Microbiome and Immune Response to Mitigate Arsenic-Induced Toxicity: Insights From a Microbiome-Immune Study.","authors":"Areeba Yaqoob,Mian Kamran Sharif,Usman Haider,Qing Feng","doi":"10.1002/mnfr.70330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.70330","url":null,"abstract":"Arsenic exposure from contaminated food and water is a global nutritional issue. Nutritional interventions indicate that dietary polyphenols, such as quercetin, may reduce these toxic effects via antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. This study examined the protective effect of quercetin against arsenic-induced toxicity in a Wistar rat model. Twenty-four adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups as follows: control (G0), arsenic-exposed (G1; 5 mg/kg/day NaAsO2), quercetin-treated (G2; approximately 50 mg/kg/day), and co-treated (G3; arsenic + quercetin). Over 28 days, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), cytokine gene expression (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β), claudin, occludin (CLDN1, OCLN), and fecal microbial profiles (q-PCR, diversity index) were assessed. Our results demonstrate that arsenic exposure significantly reduces antioxidant enzyme levels, elevates pro-inflammatory cytokines, disrupts tight junction protein expression, and causes dysbiosis and proliferation of Proteobacteria and E. coli, ultimately damaging intestinal structure. Quercetin treatment, especially in G3, restored antioxidant levels, balanced cytokine profiles, normalized tight junction gene expression, and maintained gut microbial diversity. Histopathological and correlation analyses also confirmed structural and functional recovery of gut tissues. These findings support quercetin's potential as a dietary intervention to counteract heavy metal-induced gut disorders, reinforcing its nutritional relevance in environmental toxins.","PeriodicalId":212,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Nutrition & Food Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"e70330"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145664135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chia-Pei Hsieh,Ya-Wen Hsu,Tzu-Ming Pan,Chun-Lin Lee
SWM-008 red mold rice, fermented by Monascus pilosus SWM-008, upregulates Akkermansia and supports gut barrier function and metabolic health, suggesting prebiotic-like and postbiotic-like effects. Its dual role suggests value for metabolic disorder management. Few interventions simultaneously enhance both Akkermansia and butyrate-producing bacteria, which underscores the unique potential of SWM-008. SWM-008 red mold rice, and its functional compound were administered to a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model in C57BL/6 mice for 18 weeks. In a HFD-induced NAFLD mouse model, SWM-008 and its bioactive compounds monascinol (Msol) and monascin (MS) reduced hepatic triglycerides (TG) (14.5% for SWM-008, 13.0% for Msol; p < 0.05), improved steatosis, and modulated gut microbiota. SWM-008 activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) while suppressing sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and fatty acid synthase (FASN), indicating reduced lipogenesis and enhanced lipolysis. Msol lowered cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and stimulated the AMPK/ATGL/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α)/carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) pathway. SWM-008 increased butyrate-producing Roseburia and Eubacterium, and Msol and MS raised fecal butyrate to over 2%, supporting gut-liver health. These findings support SWM-008 as a promising dietary strategy for gut-liver health in NAFLD.
{"title":"Monascus pilosus SWM-008-Fermented Red Mold Rice and Its Monascinol Ameliorate Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Activation of the AMPK-ATGL Pathway and Enrichment of Butyrate-Producing Bacteria.","authors":"Chia-Pei Hsieh,Ya-Wen Hsu,Tzu-Ming Pan,Chun-Lin Lee","doi":"10.1002/mnfr.70342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.70342","url":null,"abstract":"SWM-008 red mold rice, fermented by Monascus pilosus SWM-008, upregulates Akkermansia and supports gut barrier function and metabolic health, suggesting prebiotic-like and postbiotic-like effects. Its dual role suggests value for metabolic disorder management. Few interventions simultaneously enhance both Akkermansia and butyrate-producing bacteria, which underscores the unique potential of SWM-008. SWM-008 red mold rice, and its functional compound were administered to a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model in C57BL/6 mice for 18 weeks. In a HFD-induced NAFLD mouse model, SWM-008 and its bioactive compounds monascinol (Msol) and monascin (MS) reduced hepatic triglycerides (TG) (14.5% for SWM-008, 13.0% for Msol; p < 0.05), improved steatosis, and modulated gut microbiota. SWM-008 activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) while suppressing sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and fatty acid synthase (FASN), indicating reduced lipogenesis and enhanced lipolysis. Msol lowered cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and stimulated the AMPK/ATGL/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α)/carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) pathway. SWM-008 increased butyrate-producing Roseburia and Eubacterium, and Msol and MS raised fecal butyrate to over 2%, supporting gut-liver health. These findings support SWM-008 as a promising dietary strategy for gut-liver health in NAFLD.","PeriodicalId":212,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Nutrition & Food Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"e70342"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145664058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to investigate the effect of innovative dietary fiber mixtures, comprised predominantly of resistant dextrin together with insoluble citrus fibers, fructooligosaccharides, long‐chain inulin, and gum arabic, with or without curcumin or resveratrol/grape seed extract, on the intestinal microbiota of a mouse model with T2DM. The applied innovative formulations resulted in the desired changes in the distribution of gut microbiome species associated with T2DM, as revealed by QIIME2 and additionally confirmed by ANCOM. This effect was particularly pronounced in the curcumin‐supplemented formulation, as evident from the enrichment of the Verrucomicrobiota representative Akkermansia muciniphila and short‐chain fatty acid producers Faecalibaculum and Dubosiella , while also leading to a decrease in Patescibacteria , as well as Chlamydia muridarum , Desulfovibrio , Candidatus Saccharimonas , and Alistipes species. The administration of the examined innovative dietary fiber formulations statistically reduced the alpha diversity and altered the beta diversity of the gut microbiota in a mouse model with T2DM, in terms of abundance and presence of species analyzed with MicrobiomeAnalyst. Due to the strong influence on the composition of the gut microbiota, the innovative dietary formulations can be further evaluated for inclusion in food for special medical purposes specifically designed for the dietary management of diabetes.
{"title":"Modulation of the Gut Microbiota of Diabetes‐Induced Mice Through Curcumin‐Enriched Dietary Fibers Intervention","authors":"Katarina Butorac, Martina Banić, Jurica Zucko, Andreja Leboš Pavunc, Jasna Novak, Ivanka Jerić, Tihomir Balog, Marijeta Kralj, Lenkica Penava, Marijana Ceilinger, Jagoda Šušković, Blaženka Kos","doi":"10.1002/mnfr.70350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.70350","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the effect of innovative dietary fiber mixtures, comprised predominantly of resistant dextrin together with insoluble citrus fibers, fructooligosaccharides, long‐chain inulin, and gum arabic, with or without curcumin or resveratrol/grape seed extract, on the intestinal microbiota of a mouse model with T2DM. The applied innovative formulations resulted in the desired changes in the distribution of gut microbiome species associated with T2DM, as revealed by QIIME2 and additionally confirmed by ANCOM. This effect was particularly pronounced in the curcumin‐supplemented formulation, as evident from the enrichment of the <jats:italic>Verrucomicrobiota</jats:italic> representative <jats:italic>Akkermansia muciniphila</jats:italic> and short‐chain fatty acid producers <jats:italic>Faecalibaculum</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Dubosiella</jats:italic> , while also leading to a decrease in <jats:italic>Patescibacteria</jats:italic> , as well as <jats:italic>Chlamydia muridarum</jats:italic> , <jats:italic>Desulfovibrio</jats:italic> , <jats:italic>Candidatus Saccharimonas</jats:italic> , and <jats:italic>Alistipes</jats:italic> species. The administration of the examined innovative dietary fiber formulations statistically reduced the alpha diversity and altered the beta diversity of the gut microbiota in a mouse model with T2DM, in terms of abundance and presence of species analyzed with MicrobiomeAnalyst. Due to the strong influence on the composition of the gut microbiota, the innovative dietary formulations can be further evaluated for inclusion in food for special medical purposes specifically designed for the dietary management of diabetes.","PeriodicalId":212,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Nutrition & Food Research","volume":"287 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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