Pub Date : 2021-07-14DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820210000021
J. S. Nóbrega, T. I. Silva, Ronimeire Torres da Silva, Maria de Fátima de Queiroz Lopes, F. Figueiredo, R. Bruno
ABSTRACT Salinity is one of the problems that limit plant development, with the germination, growth, and initial establishment stages being the most sensitive to saline stress. Erythrina velutina, popularly known as “mulungu” in Brazil, is a species native to the Caatinga biome, which grows in conditions of soil rich in salts. The damage caused by salinity to the quality of its seeds and the use of techniques that mitigate such effects are little known. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate salicylic acid as a mitigator of saline stress in the physiological quality of mulungu seeds. The quality of two seed lots from two Brazilian states (L1: Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, and L2: Pentencostes, Ceará) was evaluated. A completely randomized design in a 2 (seed soaking with salicylic acid (SA) - distilled water and 1.0 mM SA) × 4 (electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw - 0.0, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 dS m-1) factorial scheme with four replications of 50 seeds each was used. Saline stress reduces the quality of mulungu seeds and seedlings. SA increases the vigor of the seeds, promoting improvements in germination under saline conditions.
盐胁迫是制约植物发育的重要因素之一，萌发、生长和初生阶段对盐胁迫最为敏感。在巴西俗称“mulungu”的Erythrina velutina是Caatinga生物群系的一种原生物种，生长在富含盐分的土壤条件下。盐碱对其种子质量造成的损害以及减轻这种影响的技术的使用鲜为人知。因此，本研究旨在评价水杨酸作为盐胁迫缓解剂对木龙果种子生理品质的影响。对来自巴西两个州的两个种子批次(L1: Mossoró，里约热内卢Grande do Norte, L2: Pentencostes, cerar )的质量进行了评估。采用2(水杨酸(SA) -蒸馏水和1.0 mM SA浸泡种子)× 4(灌溉水电导率- ECw - 0.0、3.0、6.0和9.0 dS - m-1)因子设计，4个重复，每个重复50粒种子。盐胁迫降低了木龙骨种子和幼苗的质量。SA增加了种子的活力，促进了在盐水条件下萌发的改善。
{"title":"SALICYLIC ACID AS A SALINE STRESS ATTENUATOR IN THE PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF Erythrina velutina SEEDS","authors":"J. S. Nóbrega, T. I. Silva, Ronimeire Torres da Silva, Maria de Fátima de Queiroz Lopes, F. Figueiredo, R. Bruno","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820210000021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820210000021","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Salinity is one of the problems that limit plant development, with the germination, growth, and initial establishment stages being the most sensitive to saline stress. Erythrina velutina, popularly known as “mulungu” in Brazil, is a species native to the Caatinga biome, which grows in conditions of soil rich in salts. The damage caused by salinity to the quality of its seeds and the use of techniques that mitigate such effects are little known. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate salicylic acid as a mitigator of saline stress in the physiological quality of mulungu seeds. The quality of two seed lots from two Brazilian states (L1: Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, and L2: Pentencostes, Ceará) was evaluated. A completely randomized design in a 2 (seed soaking with salicylic acid (SA) - distilled water and 1.0 mM SA) × 4 (electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw - 0.0, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 dS m-1) factorial scheme with four replications of 50 seeds each was used. Saline stress reduces the quality of mulungu seeds and seedlings. SA increases the vigor of the seeds, promoting improvements in germination under saline conditions.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67138880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-14DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820210000018
T. G. V. Martins, G. Reis, M. F. Reis, R. Leite, L. A. A. Telles, G. G. C. Mendes, M. Lage, D. L. Pinto, Thamires de Souza Carvalho, Hiohanes Moura Cardoso, A. S. Lorenzon, Douglas Vinícius Vaz Martins
ABSTRACT Understanding the Brazilian market for native wood helps forest managers and can guide conservation policies. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of supply and demand of the Brazilian native wood for four products namely, charcoal, roundwood, firewood, and sawn wood. We used the consumed wood volume from 2006 to 2016 in Minas Gerais (MG) tracking its supplier in Brazil accounting for 31 million cubic meters. These data were used as input for calculating mean centers and performing grouping analysis. The wood supply centers for the energy sector in Brazil have moved from Cerrado to the Caatinga biome. This change is consistent with historical patterns of agricultural expansion in Brazil. The largest mesoregions producing wood were: East of Mato Grosso do Sul State, South of Goiás State, and Center-South of Bahia State. The solid wood supply centers have moved from the North to Midwest regions but remained within the Amazon biome for almost all the years. This pattern is likely a consequence of timber regulation practices in the Amazon. The mesoregions: Madeira-Guaporé and East of Rondônia State, Southeast and Northeast of Pará State, and North of Mato Grosso State were the most important suppliers of solid wood to MG. Wood consumption for energy is centered in the Center and North regions of MG State, especially in Sete Lagoas, a hub of pig iron and cement industries. Solid wood products are dispersed in MG State, being Belo Horizonte, Conselheiro Lafaiete, Ubá, and Uberlândia the distribution centers of native wood for the furniture industry within MG. The spatial statistics helped to exploit the activity of the native wood market in Brazil and provides essential information for decision-makers that was not previously available.
{"title":"UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMICS OF THE BRAZILIAN MARKET FOR NATIVE FOREST WOOD: A CASE STUDY FOR MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL","authors":"T. G. V. Martins, G. Reis, M. F. Reis, R. Leite, L. A. A. Telles, G. G. C. Mendes, M. Lage, D. L. Pinto, Thamires de Souza Carvalho, Hiohanes Moura Cardoso, A. S. Lorenzon, Douglas Vinícius Vaz Martins","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820210000018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820210000018","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Understanding the Brazilian market for native wood helps forest managers and can guide conservation policies. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of supply and demand of the Brazilian native wood for four products namely, charcoal, roundwood, firewood, and sawn wood. We used the consumed wood volume from 2006 to 2016 in Minas Gerais (MG) tracking its supplier in Brazil accounting for 31 million cubic meters. These data were used as input for calculating mean centers and performing grouping analysis. The wood supply centers for the energy sector in Brazil have moved from Cerrado to the Caatinga biome. This change is consistent with historical patterns of agricultural expansion in Brazil. The largest mesoregions producing wood were: East of Mato Grosso do Sul State, South of Goiás State, and Center-South of Bahia State. The solid wood supply centers have moved from the North to Midwest regions but remained within the Amazon biome for almost all the years. This pattern is likely a consequence of timber regulation practices in the Amazon. The mesoregions: Madeira-Guaporé and East of Rondônia State, Southeast and Northeast of Pará State, and North of Mato Grosso State were the most important suppliers of solid wood to MG. Wood consumption for energy is centered in the Center and North regions of MG State, especially in Sete Lagoas, a hub of pig iron and cement industries. Solid wood products are dispersed in MG State, being Belo Horizonte, Conselheiro Lafaiete, Ubá, and Uberlândia the distribution centers of native wood for the furniture industry within MG. The spatial statistics helped to exploit the activity of the native wood market in Brazil and provides essential information for decision-makers that was not previously available.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67138525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-09DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820210000016
Tarcísio Marcos Macedo Mota Filho, Luis Eduardo Pontes Stefanelli, R. S. Camargo, C. Matos, L. C. Forti
ABSTRACT Chemical control using toxic baits containing the active ingredient sulfluramid at 0.3% (w/w) is the main method for controlling leaf-cutting ants of the genera Atta and Acromyrmex. However, since 2009, when sulfluramid was included in Annex B of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, there has been an intense search for new methods that are efficient in controlling these insects. Among said new methods, biological control using pathogenic fungi has shown promising results in laboratory conditions. The objective of this study, given the context presented, was to assess the potential of the fungi Beauveria bassiana and Trichoderma harzianum in controlling Atta sexdens. Colonies of A. sexdens were exposed to the fungi by means of formulated baits provided in a foraging chamber, or of suspensions sprayed on the fungus garden, and had their behavioral changes recorded for 21 days. For both formulations, concentrations of 10 and 20% (w/w) of the fungi being studied were used. The results allowed concluding that baits containing 10 and 20% (w/w) of the fungi B. bassiana and T. harzianum were not efficient in controlling colonies of A sexdens. On the other hand, spraying suspensions of 20% (w/w) of B. bassiana and 10% and 20% (w/w) of T. harzianum was efficient and resulted in 100% mortality of the colonies 11, 9 and 7 days after application, respectively. These findings indicate that the fungi B. bassiana and T. harzianum are promising as agents for the control of A. sexdens colonies, when sprayed on the fungus garden, although there are still some challenges as to their use related to the development of technologies for the application of the pathogen.
{"title":"BIOLOGICAL CONTROL IN LEAF-CUTTING ANTS, Atta sexdens (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE), USING PATHOGENIC FUNGI","authors":"Tarcísio Marcos Macedo Mota Filho, Luis Eduardo Pontes Stefanelli, R. S. Camargo, C. Matos, L. C. Forti","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820210000016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820210000016","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Chemical control using toxic baits containing the active ingredient sulfluramid at 0.3% (w/w) is the main method for controlling leaf-cutting ants of the genera Atta and Acromyrmex. However, since 2009, when sulfluramid was included in Annex B of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, there has been an intense search for new methods that are efficient in controlling these insects. Among said new methods, biological control using pathogenic fungi has shown promising results in laboratory conditions. The objective of this study, given the context presented, was to assess the potential of the fungi Beauveria bassiana and Trichoderma harzianum in controlling Atta sexdens. Colonies of A. sexdens were exposed to the fungi by means of formulated baits provided in a foraging chamber, or of suspensions sprayed on the fungus garden, and had their behavioral changes recorded for 21 days. For both formulations, concentrations of 10 and 20% (w/w) of the fungi being studied were used. The results allowed concluding that baits containing 10 and 20% (w/w) of the fungi B. bassiana and T. harzianum were not efficient in controlling colonies of A sexdens. On the other hand, spraying suspensions of 20% (w/w) of B. bassiana and 10% and 20% (w/w) of T. harzianum was efficient and resulted in 100% mortality of the colonies 11, 9 and 7 days after application, respectively. These findings indicate that the fungi B. bassiana and T. harzianum are promising as agents for the control of A. sexdens colonies, when sprayed on the fungus garden, although there are still some challenges as to their use related to the development of technologies for the application of the pathogen.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67138476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-02DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820210000010
Veridiana Neitzke Bull, F. K. Pilatti, Elisane Schwartz, F. F. Cassana
ABSTRACT The sludge produced by rice parboiling wastewater treatment plants has substantial amounts of nutrients and organic matter, therefore requiring proper environmental disposal. One option is to use it as an alternative substrate for the production of forest species seedlings. This study aimed to assess the viability of using the sludge from rice parboiling wastewater as an alternative substrate for the production of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) O. Kuntze seedlings. A. angustifolia seeds were kept in vermiculite until sprouting, then transferred to polyethylene bags filled with five different substrates (treatments): 100% sand (T1); 75% sand and 25% sludge (T2); 50% sand and 50% sludge (T3); 25% sand and 75% sludge (T4); 100% sludge (T5). Each treatment had 10 replicates (bag with one seedling). Shoot system growth, hypocotyl diameter, root system growth and biomass were evaluated at 94, 180, and 300 days of growth. Data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test with a significance level of 5%. Seedlings’ growth was similar on treatments containing 25%, 50%, and 75% sludge, while 100% sand and 100% sludge resulted in less growth at 300 days. In conclusion, the sludge from rice parboiling wastewater is suitable as an alternative substrate, and the ratio of 25% sand + 75% sludge could be recommended, for exploit larger amounts of the residue.
{"title":"SLUDGE FROM RICE PARBOILING WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT AS ALTERNATIVE SUBSTRATE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF Araucaria angustifolia SEEDLINGS","authors":"Veridiana Neitzke Bull, F. K. Pilatti, Elisane Schwartz, F. F. Cassana","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820210000010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820210000010","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The sludge produced by rice parboiling wastewater treatment plants has substantial amounts of nutrients and organic matter, therefore requiring proper environmental disposal. One option is to use it as an alternative substrate for the production of forest species seedlings. This study aimed to assess the viability of using the sludge from rice parboiling wastewater as an alternative substrate for the production of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) O. Kuntze seedlings. A. angustifolia seeds were kept in vermiculite until sprouting, then transferred to polyethylene bags filled with five different substrates (treatments): 100% sand (T1); 75% sand and 25% sludge (T2); 50% sand and 50% sludge (T3); 25% sand and 75% sludge (T4); 100% sludge (T5). Each treatment had 10 replicates (bag with one seedling). Shoot system growth, hypocotyl diameter, root system growth and biomass were evaluated at 94, 180, and 300 days of growth. Data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test with a significance level of 5%. Seedlings’ growth was similar on treatments containing 25%, 50%, and 75% sludge, while 100% sand and 100% sludge resulted in less growth at 300 days. In conclusion, the sludge from rice parboiling wastewater is suitable as an alternative substrate, and the ratio of 25% sand + 75% sludge could be recommended, for exploit larger amounts of the residue.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67138426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-02DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820210000007
A. Sobottka, Elisandra Tessaro, S. M. Silva, Marina Pedron, Lara Tortini Seffrin
ABSTRACT Allophylus edulis and Cupania vernalis (Sapindaceae) are Brazilian native trees used as medicinal plants for the treatment of respiratory, digestive, circulatory, and skin diseases. Ubiquitously distributed in the Brazilian territory, these species are indicated for mixed plantations aimed at the recovery of degraded ecosystems. In this study, the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), and the antioxidant activity of extracts and fractions obtained from A. edulis and C. vernalis leaves were assessed. The TPC and TFC was determined spectrophotometrically. Antioxidant activity was evaluated through radical scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The extracts were obtained by two methods: maceration (method 1) and Soxhlet (method 2). Solvents of increasing polarity (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) were used to obtained the fractions. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction from A. edulis, obtained from the maceration method, had the highest TPC (442.0 ± 18.2 mg GAE g-1) and TFC (58.1 ± 0.4 mg RUE g-1), and antioxidant activity (EC50 = 43.6 ± 2.6 µg mL-1). By C. vernalis, superior results were obtained with the n-butanol fraction (TPC = 126.1 ± 5.8 mg GAE g-1, TFC = 37.7 ± 0.6 mg RUE g-1). The highest antioxidant potential was found in the crude hydroalcoholic extract (EC50 = 816.1 ± 50.9 µg mL-1) and butanol fraction (1,156.4 ± 3.8 µg mL-1). The results of this study show that the fractions obtained by maceration and liquid-liquid partition with more polar solvents (ethyl acetate and n-butanol) are the richest in TPC and TFC, and presented the greater antioxidant activity. Comparing the two plants, A. edulis showed the best results, with a high content of TPC, TFC, and antioxidant potential, and therefore may be used to treat diseases related to oxidative stress.
摘要：紫外异门（Allophylus edulis）和紫柏（Cupania vernalis）是巴西本土的树木，被用作治疗呼吸、消化、循环和皮肤疾病的药用植物。这些物种普遍分布在巴西境内，适合用于旨在恢复退化生态系统的混合种植园。在本研究中，评估了从A.edulis和C.vernalis叶中提取的提取物和组分的总酚含量（TPC）和总黄酮含量（TFC）以及抗氧化活性。用分光光度法测定TPC和TFC。通过2，2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）的自由基清除活性来评价其抗氧化活性。通过两种方法获得提取物：浸渍法（方法1）和索氏法（方法2）。使用极性增加的溶剂（己烷、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇）来获得级分。结果表明，通过浸渍法获得的A.edulis的乙酸乙酯组分具有最高的TPC（442.0±18.2 mg GAE g-1）和TFC（58.1±0.4 mg RUE g-1），以及抗氧化活性（EC50=43.6±2.6µg mL-1）。通过C.vernalis，正丁醇部分获得了优异的结果（TPC=126.1±5.8 mg GAE g-1，TFC=3.77±0.6 mg RUE g-1）。在粗水醇提取物（EC50=816.1±50.9µg mL-1）和丁醇部分（1156.4±3.8µg mL-2）中发现了最高的抗氧化潜力。本研究的结果表明，用极性更强的溶剂（乙酸乙酯和正丁醇）浸渍和液-液分配得到的馏分中TPC和TFC含量最丰富，并表现出更高的抗氧化活性。比较这两种植物，A.edulis表现出最好的效果，具有高含量的TPC、TFC和抗氧化潜力，因此可以用于治疗与氧化应激相关的疾病。
{"title":"POLYPHENOL CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF Allophylus edulis (A. St.-Hil. et al.) Hieron. ex Niederl. AND Cupania vernalis Cambess. (SAPINDACEAE)","authors":"A. Sobottka, Elisandra Tessaro, S. M. Silva, Marina Pedron, Lara Tortini Seffrin","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820210000007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820210000007","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Allophylus edulis and Cupania vernalis (Sapindaceae) are Brazilian native trees used as medicinal plants for the treatment of respiratory, digestive, circulatory, and skin diseases. Ubiquitously distributed in the Brazilian territory, these species are indicated for mixed plantations aimed at the recovery of degraded ecosystems. In this study, the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), and the antioxidant activity of extracts and fractions obtained from A. edulis and C. vernalis leaves were assessed. The TPC and TFC was determined spectrophotometrically. Antioxidant activity was evaluated through radical scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The extracts were obtained by two methods: maceration (method 1) and Soxhlet (method 2). Solvents of increasing polarity (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) were used to obtained the fractions. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction from A. edulis, obtained from the maceration method, had the highest TPC (442.0 ± 18.2 mg GAE g-1) and TFC (58.1 ± 0.4 mg RUE g-1), and antioxidant activity (EC50 = 43.6 ± 2.6 µg mL-1). By C. vernalis, superior results were obtained with the n-butanol fraction (TPC = 126.1 ± 5.8 mg GAE g-1, TFC = 37.7 ± 0.6 mg RUE g-1). The highest antioxidant potential was found in the crude hydroalcoholic extract (EC50 = 816.1 ± 50.9 µg mL-1) and butanol fraction (1,156.4 ± 3.8 µg mL-1). The results of this study show that the fractions obtained by maceration and liquid-liquid partition with more polar solvents (ethyl acetate and n-butanol) are the richest in TPC and TFC, and presented the greater antioxidant activity. Comparing the two plants, A. edulis showed the best results, with a high content of TPC, TFC, and antioxidant potential, and therefore may be used to treat diseases related to oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48694145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-02DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820210000008
Ana Valéria Vieira de Souza, Jackson Rafael de Sá Carvalho, Evelyn Sophia Silva Costa, C. S. Souza, Herick Fernando de Jesus Silva, J. M. Luz, G. Maciel, A. Siquieroli
ABSTRACT The evaluation of accessions in a germplasm bank is essential for determining the potential parents in conservation programs, especially for native trees. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity among 68 Amburana cearensis genotypes from different locations in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Their genetic patterns were evaluated by Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) molecular markers and genetic divergence was evaluated through multivariate analyses using different clustering methods. The optimization method used (Tocher) was in agreement with all the hierarchical models used, in which clustering of the genotypes occurred similarly, specifically for the accession BB116, which is an important genetic material to be preserved and studied. Among the various hierarchical methods applied, the Average Linkage method exhibited higher discrimination power, allowing identification of a larger number of divergent groups, thus implying wide genetic diversity among A. cearensis accessions.
{"title":"GENETIC DIVERSITY IN AMBURANA (Amburana cearensis) ACCESSIONS: HIERARCHICAL AND OPTIMIZATION METHODS","authors":"Ana Valéria Vieira de Souza, Jackson Rafael de Sá Carvalho, Evelyn Sophia Silva Costa, C. S. Souza, Herick Fernando de Jesus Silva, J. M. Luz, G. Maciel, A. Siquieroli","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820210000008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820210000008","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The evaluation of accessions in a germplasm bank is essential for determining the potential parents in conservation programs, especially for native trees. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity among 68 Amburana cearensis genotypes from different locations in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Their genetic patterns were evaluated by Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) molecular markers and genetic divergence was evaluated through multivariate analyses using different clustering methods. The optimization method used (Tocher) was in agreement with all the hierarchical models used, in which clustering of the genotypes occurred similarly, specifically for the accession BB116, which is an important genetic material to be preserved and studied. Among the various hierarchical methods applied, the Average Linkage method exhibited higher discrimination power, allowing identification of a larger number of divergent groups, thus implying wide genetic diversity among A. cearensis accessions.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47521266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-02DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820210000011
Camila Alexandre Cavalcante de Almeida, Fernanda da Silva Gonçalves, Matheus Barros Rodrigues, J. M. Santos, M. Breda
ABSTRACT One of the factors that may affect and limit the production in eucalypt plantations is the attack of defoliating insects. Among those, the brown eucalypt caterpillar, Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll, 1782) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), stands out for being the major defoliating pest of Eucalyptus spp. in Brazil. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the food consumption of T. arnobia, in its native host, guava (Psidium guajava L.), and in the different E. urograndis clones (VE 41, I 144, TP 361 and VCC 865). To assess T. arnobia food consumption, choice and non-choice tests were carried out using the native and the exotic host, alone or in combination. In non-choice tests, it was observed a higher consumption for the VE 41 clone and the native host (guava). The food consumption evaluation in choice tests indicated no food preference of T. arnobia between guava and E. urograndis clones, with the exception for the TP 361 clone, which was significantly less consumed than guava. In choice tests between the different E. urograndis clones, the clone I 144 presented a tendency towards lower food preference, being consumed only after 48 hours. In addition, the leaf consumption was similar between the VE 41, I1 14 e VCC 865 clones. In choice tests using the E. urograndis clones in pairs, the VE 41 clone was more consumed while the I 144 clone was less consumed when compared to the TP 361 clone. The obtained results provide basic information for the indication of eucalypt clones, and the understanding of the interaction and ecological relationships, assisting in the development of Forest Integrated Pest Management (Forest IPM) programs for the control of T. arnobia.
{"title":"FOOD PREFERENCE OF Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll, 1782) (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) ON NATIVE AND EXOTIC HOSTS","authors":"Camila Alexandre Cavalcante de Almeida, Fernanda da Silva Gonçalves, Matheus Barros Rodrigues, J. M. Santos, M. Breda","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820210000011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820210000011","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT One of the factors that may affect and limit the production in eucalypt plantations is the attack of defoliating insects. Among those, the brown eucalypt caterpillar, Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll, 1782) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), stands out for being the major defoliating pest of Eucalyptus spp. in Brazil. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the food consumption of T. arnobia, in its native host, guava (Psidium guajava L.), and in the different E. urograndis clones (VE 41, I 144, TP 361 and VCC 865). To assess T. arnobia food consumption, choice and non-choice tests were carried out using the native and the exotic host, alone or in combination. In non-choice tests, it was observed a higher consumption for the VE 41 clone and the native host (guava). The food consumption evaluation in choice tests indicated no food preference of T. arnobia between guava and E. urograndis clones, with the exception for the TP 361 clone, which was significantly less consumed than guava. In choice tests between the different E. urograndis clones, the clone I 144 presented a tendency towards lower food preference, being consumed only after 48 hours. In addition, the leaf consumption was similar between the VE 41, I1 14 e VCC 865 clones. In choice tests using the E. urograndis clones in pairs, the VE 41 clone was more consumed while the I 144 clone was less consumed when compared to the TP 361 clone. The obtained results provide basic information for the indication of eucalypt clones, and the understanding of the interaction and ecological relationships, assisting in the development of Forest Integrated Pest Management (Forest IPM) programs for the control of T. arnobia.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67138439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-02DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820210000013
Flávio Cunha Laureano da Silva, Débora Luana Pasa, Mariane Carrion Ximendes, J. A. D. Farias
ABSTRACT Due to globalization, market evolution, and technological implementations, the production chains have been improving, becoming essential for the consolidation of several products in the market, including charcoal, used as a renewable energy source. Thus, the objective of this work was to characterize the structure of this chain, from the qualitative and quantitative perspective, in the municipalities of the Valleys of Caí and Taquari and the interaction between the actors involved. The methodology was based on the division of the chain into macrosegments, with socioeconomic units of production characterized by the application of questionnaires. As a result, it was verified the presence of the production macrosegment (nursery and reforestation sectors), industrialization (charcoal production and packaging sectors), and commercialization (packaging sector), formed by family units. The packaging segment has outsourced manpower and more technology than the others. It was evidenced that a single socioeconomic unit of production can be part of more than one macrosegment or segment and, allied to this, in general, it is possible to perceive the characterization of a long chain of production. It appears that only 3.8% of charcoal producers also pack and sell their products, the remainder (96.2%) sell their production to packers who standardize the product, making the sale to the final consumer directly or indirectly.
{"title":"STRUCTURING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE Acacia meanrsii De Wild CHARCOAL PRODUCTION CHAIN IN THE VALLEYS OF CAÍ AND TAQUARI, RS","authors":"Flávio Cunha Laureano da Silva, Débora Luana Pasa, Mariane Carrion Ximendes, J. A. D. Farias","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820210000013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820210000013","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Due to globalization, market evolution, and technological implementations, the production chains have been improving, becoming essential for the consolidation of several products in the market, including charcoal, used as a renewable energy source. Thus, the objective of this work was to characterize the structure of this chain, from the qualitative and quantitative perspective, in the municipalities of the Valleys of Caí and Taquari and the interaction between the actors involved. The methodology was based on the division of the chain into macrosegments, with socioeconomic units of production characterized by the application of questionnaires. As a result, it was verified the presence of the production macrosegment (nursery and reforestation sectors), industrialization (charcoal production and packaging sectors), and commercialization (packaging sector), formed by family units. The packaging segment has outsourced manpower and more technology than the others. It was evidenced that a single socioeconomic unit of production can be part of more than one macrosegment or segment and, allied to this, in general, it is possible to perceive the characterization of a long chain of production. It appears that only 3.8% of charcoal producers also pack and sell their products, the remainder (96.2%) sell their production to packers who standardize the product, making the sale to the final consumer directly or indirectly.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47798118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-02DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820210000009
M. Silvério, Jaqueline Maria do Nascimento, J. Serrão, M. Tótola, M. Costa
ABSTRACT Basidiospores of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus microcarpus have an impermeable cell wall, a characteristic that is possibly related to the low germination percentages of these propagules, which makes it difficult to obtain monokaryons and use these spores in inoculants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of commercial bleach on the permeabilization of P. microcarpus basidiospores and to analyze the alterations caused in the cell wall ultrastructure and the viability and germination capacity of these propagules. Fungal basidiospores were collected in eucalyptus plantations and permeabilized using different bleach concentrations and exposure times. The basidiospores were then analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The percentage of permeabilized basidiospores varied with the commercial brand, bleach concentration, and exposure time. Basidiospores of different basidiocarps differed in susceptibility to permeabilization treatment with bleach. Changes in the ultrastructure of permeabilized basidiospores were observed at bleach concentrations of 15 and 50 % for an exposure time of 40 s, with surface changes and loss of the spicules of the outermost layer of the wall. After permeabilization with 5 % bleach for 40 s, 80 % of the permeabilized spores were viable, resulting in the production of fungal colonies after 15 days of incubation of these propagules in the presence of Corymbia citriodora. However, the germination percentage obtained, 0.001 %, was similar to that of non-permeabilized basidiospores, indicating that other factors, besides cell wall permeability, are determinant for the germination process.
{"title":"PERMEABILIZATION, CELL WALL ULTRASTRUCTURE, AND GERMINATION OF BASIDIOSPORES OF THE ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS Pisolithus microcarpus TREATED WITH DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL BRANDS OF BLEACH","authors":"M. Silvério, Jaqueline Maria do Nascimento, J. Serrão, M. Tótola, M. Costa","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820210000009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820210000009","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Basidiospores of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus microcarpus have an impermeable cell wall, a characteristic that is possibly related to the low germination percentages of these propagules, which makes it difficult to obtain monokaryons and use these spores in inoculants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of commercial bleach on the permeabilization of P. microcarpus basidiospores and to analyze the alterations caused in the cell wall ultrastructure and the viability and germination capacity of these propagules. Fungal basidiospores were collected in eucalyptus plantations and permeabilized using different bleach concentrations and exposure times. The basidiospores were then analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The percentage of permeabilized basidiospores varied with the commercial brand, bleach concentration, and exposure time. Basidiospores of different basidiocarps differed in susceptibility to permeabilization treatment with bleach. Changes in the ultrastructure of permeabilized basidiospores were observed at bleach concentrations of 15 and 50 % for an exposure time of 40 s, with surface changes and loss of the spicules of the outermost layer of the wall. After permeabilization with 5 % bleach for 40 s, 80 % of the permeabilized spores were viable, resulting in the production of fungal colonies after 15 days of incubation of these propagules in the presence of Corymbia citriodora. However, the germination percentage obtained, 0.001 %, was similar to that of non-permeabilized basidiospores, indicating that other factors, besides cell wall permeability, are determinant for the germination process.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67138382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-28DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820210000005
A. G. Spletozer, L. J. Silveira, A. S. Lorenzon, A. Y. Sato, H. Dias
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to monitor and compare runoff at 2.5 and 3.5 years of rehabilitation of a mined bauxite area with clonal planting of Eucalyptus. Seven plots were allocated for collecting runoff and precipitation was recorded with a pluviograph. The physical and environmental factors which interfere with runoff were characterized in both periods and subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) to show the most explanatory factors. The average monthly runoff percentage at 2.5 years was 0.25% (± 0.26%) of precipitation and equal (p-value<0.05) to the 3.5 years (0.15 ± 0.22%) of rehabilitation. Both values were lower than the Eucalyptus plantation area without mining (0.56%) in the same region and declivity. The high vegetation cover percentage by Eucalyptus crowns and Brachiaria sp. and the high infiltration rates were the determining factors in PCA, and may explain the statistically equal runoff values between the rehabilitation periods. The combination of good edaphic conditions and the fast coverage of the plants resulted in runoff below 1% in a rehabilitated area after bauxite mining.
{"title":"SURFACE RUNOFF IN TWO REHABILITATION PERIODS OF A BAUXITE MINE","authors":"A. G. Spletozer, L. J. Silveira, A. S. Lorenzon, A. Y. Sato, H. Dias","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820210000005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820210000005","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to monitor and compare runoff at 2.5 and 3.5 years of rehabilitation of a mined bauxite area with clonal planting of Eucalyptus. Seven plots were allocated for collecting runoff and precipitation was recorded with a pluviograph. The physical and environmental factors which interfere with runoff were characterized in both periods and subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) to show the most explanatory factors. The average monthly runoff percentage at 2.5 years was 0.25% (± 0.26%) of precipitation and equal (p-value<0.05) to the 3.5 years (0.15 ± 0.22%) of rehabilitation. Both values were lower than the Eucalyptus plantation area without mining (0.56%) in the same region and declivity. The high vegetation cover percentage by Eucalyptus crowns and Brachiaria sp. and the high infiltration rates were the determining factors in PCA, and may explain the statistically equal runoff values between the rehabilitation periods. The combination of good edaphic conditions and the fast coverage of the plants resulted in runoff below 1% in a rehabilitated area after bauxite mining.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48231866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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