Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.10.001
Omayra Chincha , Beatriz Bustamante
Background
Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH) is an endemic disease in most of Latin America, especially among patients with HIV. There are few reports about this disease in Peru.
Aims
To describe the clinical, epidemiological and mycological features of patients with PDH and HIV evaluated in a tertiary hospital.
Methods
A retrospective study to find out the data of patients diagnosed with PDH and HIV in the period 2000–2019 was carried out. For the statistical analysis of quantitative variables, measures of central tendency and dispersion were used; for the qualitative variables, absolute and relative frequencies were used.
Results
Forty-three male patients with PDH were diagnosed in the study period, with a median age of 33 years (IQR: 29–38 years) and a median CD4 lymphocytes count of 39 cells/mm3 (IQR: 20–83 cells/mm3). Eighty six percent of the patients were born or had travelled to the jungle, 58.1% were alcohol users and 16.1% had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis. When compared to histopathology, the culture had a better sensitivity to achieve a diagnosis (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Peruvian patients with PDH and HIV infection were mainly young male adults that were born or had travelled to the jungle, with a CD4 count below 100 cells/mm3. In patients with the described characteristics it would be advisable to check for PDH. Implementing rapid diagnostic tests is also necessary.
{"title":"Estado actual de la histoplasmosis diseminada progresiva en pacientes con infección por el VIH en un hospital de tercer nivel en Perú","authors":"Omayra Chincha , Beatriz Bustamante","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riam.2021.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH) is an endemic disease in most of Latin America, especially among patients with HIV. There are few reports about this disease in Peru.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>To describe the clinical, epidemiological and mycological features of patients with PDH and HIV evaluated in a tertiary hospital.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A retrospective study to find out the data of patients diagnosed with PDH and HIV in the period 2000–2019 was carried out. For the statistical analysis of quantitative variables, measures of central tendency and dispersion were used; for the qualitative variables, absolute and relative frequencies were used.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Forty-three male patients with PDH were diagnosed in the study period, with a median age of 33 years (IQR: 29–38 years) and a median CD<sub>4</sub> lymphocytes count of 39<!--> <!-->cells/mm<sup>3</sup> (IQR: 20–83 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>). Eighty six percent of the patients were born or had travelled to the jungle, 58.1% were alcohol users and 16.1% had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis. When compared to histopathology, the culture had a better sensitivity to achieve a diagnosis (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Peruvian patients with PDH and HIV infection were mainly young male adults that were born or had travelled to the jungle, with a CD<sub>4</sub> count below 100<!--> <!-->cells/mm<sup>3</sup>. In patients with the described characteristics it would be advisable to check for PDH. Implementing rapid diagnostic tests is also necessary.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"39 1","pages":"Pages 25-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92219040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.09.001
F. Javier Cabañes
{"title":"Unusual form of histoplasmosis in dogs and cats","authors":"F. Javier Cabañes","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"39 1","pages":"Pages 2-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39686429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.07.001
Aime Frida Moran-Mejía , Rosa Angélica Guillén-Garcés , Gabriela Eleonora Moeller-Chávez , Jesús Hernández-Romano , María Inés Chávez-Béjar , Clarita Olvera-Carranza , Luis Gerardo Treviño-Quintanilla
Background
Single-cell oils obtained from oleaginous microorganisms by using lignocellulosic waste hydrolysates are an alternative for producing biodiesel.
Aims
To isolate a yeast strain able to produce lipids from centrifuged nejayote (CN), hydrolyzed nejayote solids (HNS) and hydrolyzed sugarcane bagasse (HSB).
Methods
In order to identify the yeasts recovered, 26S ribosomal DNA was sequenced. The metabolic profile was assessed by using API20C AUX strips. The nutritional characterization of CN, HNS and HSB was performed by quantifying reducing sugars, total carbohydrates, starch, protein and total nitrogen. The biomass and lipid production ability were evaluated by performing growth kinetics of Clavispora lusitaniae Hi2 in combined culture media.
Results
Six oleaginous yeast strains were isolated and identified, selecting C. lusitaniae Hi2 to study its lipids production by using nejayote. The C. lusitaniae Hi2 strain can use glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose and cellobiose as carbon sources. Cultures of C. lusitaniae Hi2 presented the best biomass (5.6±0.28 g/L) and lipid production (0.99±0.09 g/L) at 20 h of incubation with the CN:HNS media in the 25:75 and 50:50 ratios, respectively.
Conclusions
The use of CN, HNS and HSB for the growth of C. lusitaniae Hi2 is an option to take advantage of these agro-industrial residues and generate compounds of biotechnological interest.
{"title":"Potencial de la levadura oleaginosa Clavispora lusitaniae Hi2 en la conversión de residuos agroindustriales a lípidos","authors":"Aime Frida Moran-Mejía , Rosa Angélica Guillén-Garcés , Gabriela Eleonora Moeller-Chávez , Jesús Hernández-Romano , María Inés Chávez-Béjar , Clarita Olvera-Carranza , Luis Gerardo Treviño-Quintanilla","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riam.2021.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Single-cell oils obtained from oleaginous microorganisms by using lignocellulosic waste hydrolysates are an alternative for producing biodiesel.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>To isolate a yeast strain able to produce lipids from centrifuged nejayote (CN), hydrolyzed nejayote solids (HNS) and hydrolyzed sugarcane bagasse (HSB).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In order to identify the yeasts recovered, 26S ribosomal DNA was sequenced. The metabolic profile was assessed by using API20C AUX strips. The nutritional characterization of CN, HNS and HSB was performed by quantifying reducing sugars, total carbohydrates, starch, protein and total nitrogen. The biomass and lipid production ability were evaluated by performing growth kinetics of <em>Clavispora lusitaniae</em> Hi2 in combined culture media.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Six oleaginous yeast strains were isolated and identified, selecting <em>C. lusitaniae</em> Hi2 to study its lipids production by using nejayote. The <em>C. lusitaniae</em> Hi2 strain can use glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose and cellobiose as carbon sources. Cultures of <em>C. lusitaniae</em> Hi2 presented the best biomass (5.6<span>±</span>0.28 g/L) and lipid production (0.99<span>±</span>0.09 g/L) at 20 h of incubation with the CN:HNS media in the 25:75 and 50:50 ratios, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The use of CN, HNS and HSB for the growth of <em>C. lusitaniae</em> Hi2 is an option to take advantage of these agro-industrial residues and generate compounds of biotechnological interest.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"39 1","pages":"Pages 6-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92266552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2022.01.001
Tiago Luiz Lagedo Ferraz , Eduardo Marques Araújo , Rodolfo Froes Calixto , Monique Lima Martins Sampaio , Luciana Rezende Bandeira de Mello , Kaliny Benicio Torres , Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro , Patrice Le Pape , Reginaldo Gonçalves de Lima-Neto
Background
The prevalence of pulmonary aspergillosis and the importance of its early diagnosis are recognized. However, non-pulmonary involvement, including the sinuses region, is not frequently reported, and an infection in this area can affect all paranasal sinuses (pansinusopathy), being a rare pathology that affects immunocompromised hosts. Recent studies have highlighted the occurrence of Aspergillus flavus resistant to antifungal therapy. Therefore, a nasal sinus infection by resistant Aspergillus strains in immunocompromised patients may be linked to a high risk of lethality.
Case report
We are reporting a resistant A. flavus infection in an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient with episodes of febrile neutropenia, and prolonged use of various antibacterial drugs and antifungal prophylaxis. The patient underwent brain magnetic resonance, which showed the presence of pansinusopathy, and presented necrosis in the left nasal region. Direct microscopic examination of a sample taken from the nasal mucosa revealed the presence of septate hyphae and conidiophores resembling those of A. flavus, that species being the identification achieved with MALDI-TOF MS. Antifungigram was performed by microdilution in broth (EUCAST-E.DEF. 9.3.2) and E-test, and resistance to amphotericin B was shown in both tests. The patient died after septic shock and hemorrhage.
Conclusions
Invasive fungal infections due to amphotericin-B resistant A. flavus may lead to the death of the patient due to an ineffective therapeutic management. Therefore, antifungal susceptibility testing are of utmost importance for administering the proper treatment.
{"title":"Lethal destructive sinusopathy due to amphotericin B-resistant Aspergillus flavus: A case report","authors":"Tiago Luiz Lagedo Ferraz , Eduardo Marques Araújo , Rodolfo Froes Calixto , Monique Lima Martins Sampaio , Luciana Rezende Bandeira de Mello , Kaliny Benicio Torres , Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro , Patrice Le Pape , Reginaldo Gonçalves de Lima-Neto","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2022.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2022.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The prevalence of pulmonary aspergillosis and the importance of its early diagnosis are recognized. However, non-pulmonary involvement, including the sinuses region, is not frequently reported, and an infection in this area can affect all paranasal sinuses (pansinusopathy), being a rare pathology that affects immunocompromised hosts. Recent studies have highlighted the occurrence of <span><em>Aspergillus</em><em> flavus</em></span> resistant to antifungal therapy. Therefore, a nasal sinus infection by resistant <em>Aspergillus</em> strains in immunocompromised patients may be linked to a high risk of lethality.</p></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><p>We are reporting a resistant <em>A. flavus</em> infection in an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient with episodes of febrile neutropenia, and prolonged use of various antibacterial drugs and antifungal prophylaxis. The patient underwent brain magnetic resonance, which showed the presence of pansinusopathy, and presented necrosis in the left nasal region. Direct microscopic examination of a sample taken from the nasal mucosa revealed the presence of septate hyphae and conidiophores resembling those of <em>A. flavus</em><span>, that species being the identification achieved with MALDI-TOF MS. Antifungigram was performed by microdilution in broth (EUCAST-E.DEF. 9.3.2) and E-test, and resistance to amphotericin B was shown in both tests. The patient died after septic shock and hemorrhage.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Invasive fungal infections due to amphotericin-B resistant <em>A. flavus</em> may lead to the death of the patient due to an ineffective therapeutic management. Therefore, antifungal susceptibility testing are of utmost importance for administering the proper treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"39 1","pages":"Pages 21-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42474513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cryptococcal ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection is known to occur due to an underlying infection in the patient rather than by nosocomial transmission of Cryptococcus during shunt placement. A case of chronic hydrocephalus due to cryptococcal meningitis that was misdiagnosed as tuberculous meningitis is described.
Case report
Patient details were extracted from charts and laboratory records. The identification of the isolate was confirmed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the orotodine monophosphate pyrophosphorylase (URA5) gene. Antifungal susceptibility was determined using the CLSI M27-A3 broth microdilution method. Besides, a Medline search was performed to review all cases of Cryptococcus ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection. Cryptococcus neoformans sensu stricto (formerly Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii), mating-type MATα was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid and external ventricular drain tip. The isolate showed low minimum inhibitory concentrations for voriconazole (0.06 mg/l), fluconazole (8 mg/l), isavuconazole (<0.015 mg/l), posaconazole (<0.03 mg/l), amphotericin B (<0.06 mg/l) and 5-fluorocytosine (1 mg/l). The patient was treated with intravenous amphotericin B deoxycholate, but died of cardiopulmonary arrest on the fifteenth postoperative day.
Conclusions
This report underlines the need to rule out a Cryptococcus infection in those cases of chronic meningitis with hydrocephalus.
{"title":"Ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection by Cryptococcus neoformans sensu stricto: Case report and literature review","authors":"Anil Kumar , Suhas Udayakumaran , Arun Sachu , Nandita Shashindran , Poornima Baby , Ameena Thaha , Anna Kurien , Anuradha Chowdhary","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Cryptococcal ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection is known to occur due to an underlying infection in the patient rather than by nosocomial transmission of <span><em>Cryptococcus</em></span> during shunt placement. A case of chronic hydrocephalus due to cryptococcal meningitis that was misdiagnosed as tuberculous meningitis is described.</p></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><p>Patient details were extracted from charts and laboratory records. The identification of the isolate was confirmed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the orotodine monophosphate pyrophosphorylase (<em>URA5</em>) gene. Antifungal susceptibility was determined using the CLSI M27-A3 broth microdilution method. Besides, a Medline search was performed to review all cases of <em>Cryptococcus</em> ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection. <span><em>Cryptococcus neoformans</em></span> sensu stricto (formerly <em>Cryptococcus neoformans</em> var. <em>grubii</em>), mating-type MATα was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid and external ventricular drain tip. The isolate showed low minimum inhibitory concentrations for voriconazole (0.06<!--> <!-->mg/l), fluconazole (8<!--> <!-->mg/l), isavuconazole (<0.015<!--> <!-->mg/l), posaconazole (<0.03<!--> <!-->mg/l), amphotericin B (<0.06<!--> <!-->mg/l) and 5-fluorocytosine (1<!--> <!-->mg/l). The patient was treated with intravenous amphotericin B deoxycholate, but died of cardiopulmonary arrest on the fifteenth postoperative day.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This report underlines the need to rule out a <em>Cryptococcus</em> infection in those cases of chronic meningitis with hydrocephalus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"39 1","pages":"Pages 16-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46966244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.04.001
Francisco Javier Cabañes
{"title":"Pneumocystis in dogs: A protozoan knockin’ on Fungi's door","authors":"Francisco Javier Cabañes","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"38 4","pages":"Pages 155-156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.riam.2021.04.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38968859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.03.005
Clara Viñado , Rosa María Girón , Elisa Ibáñez , Alberto García-Ortega , Inés Pérez , Dinora Polanco , Javier Pemán , Amparo Solé
Background
There are important advances in the management of bacterial infection in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but there are many gaps in the field of fungal infections.
Aims
The aim of this study was to analyse whether chronic respiratory filamentous fungal colonization had clinical impact and whether antifungal treatment can change the disease.
Methods
The prospective, bicentric and descriptive study was carried out within a 3-year follow-up period, with four-month periodicity medical controls. Adult patients from two CF units of tertiary hospitals were included. Clinical, microbiological, analytical and spirometric variables were collected. Quality of life was evaluated in a subgroup, using the Spanish version of the Revised Cystic Fibrosis Quality of Life Questionnaire (CFQ-R). To statistically analyze the evolution of forced expiratory along time (volume of air blown out in 1 second -FEV1-) and the forced vital capacity (FVC), mixed linear models were carried out.
Results
From the ninety-eight patients under study, 40 suffered chronic filamentous fungal colonization. The presence of filamentous fungi in airway was associated to an annual fall of FEV1 and FVC of 0.029 and 0.017 litres, respectively (p<0.001). In addition, worse quality of life based on CFQ-R, significant when concerning physical condition and emotional state, was also linked with the fungal colonization. Protocolized antifungal therapy, nebulized or oral, improved FEV1 in 0.023 and 0.024 litres per year, respectively (p<0.001).
Conclusions
Chronic filamentous fungal colonization in patients with CF is associated with a significant annual decline of lung function that persists over time. Chronic antifungal therapy slows down this progression, mainly in the patient with more advanced disease.
{"title":"Filamentous fungi in the airway of patients with cystic fibrosis: Just spectators?","authors":"Clara Viñado , Rosa María Girón , Elisa Ibáñez , Alberto García-Ortega , Inés Pérez , Dinora Polanco , Javier Pemán , Amparo Solé","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>There are important advances in the management of bacterial infection in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but there are many gaps in the field of fungal infections.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>The aim of this study was to analyse whether chronic respiratory filamentous fungal colonization had clinical impact and whether antifungal treatment can change the disease.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The prospective, bicentric and descriptive study was carried out within a 3-year follow-up period, with four-month periodicity medical controls. Adult patients from two CF units of tertiary hospitals were included. Clinical, microbiological, analytical and spirometric variables were collected. Quality of life was evaluated in a subgroup, using the Spanish version of the Revised Cystic Fibrosis Quality of Life Questionnaire (CFQ-R). To statistically analyze the evolution of forced expiratory along time (volume of air blown out in 1 second -FEV<sub>1</sub>-) and the forced vital capacity (FVC), mixed linear models were carried out.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>From the ninety-eight patients under study, 40 suffered chronic filamentous fungal colonization. The presence of filamentous fungi in airway was associated to an annual fall of FEV<sub>1</sub><span> and FVC of 0.029 and 0.017 litres, respectively (p<0.001). In addition, worse quality of life based on CFQ-R, significant when concerning physical condition and emotional state, was also linked with the fungal colonization. Protocolized antifungal therapy, nebulized or oral, improved FEV</span><sub>1</sub> in 0.023 and 0.024 litres per year, respectively (p<0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Chronic filamentous fungal colonization in patients with CF is associated with a significant annual decline of lung function that persists over time. Chronic antifungal therapy slows down this progression, mainly in the patient with more advanced disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"38 4","pages":"Pages 168-174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39427063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.06.002
Elisa Ibáñez-Martínez , Amparo Solé , Antonio Cañada-Martínez , Carlos F. Muñoz-Núñez , Amparo Pastor , Beatriz Montull , Patricia Falomir-Salcedo , Amparo Valentín , José Luis López-Hontangas , Javier Pemán
Background
Scedosporium species and Lomentospora prolificans (Sc/Lp) are emerging molds that cause invasive disease associated with a high mortality rate. After Aspergillus, these molds are the second filamentous fungi recovered in lung transplant (LT) recipients.
Aims
Our objective was to evaluate the incidence, risk factors and outcome of Sc/Lp infections in LT recipients at a tertiary care hospital with a national reference LT program.
Methods
A nine-year retrospective study was conducted.
Results
During this period, 395 LT were performed. Positive cultures for Sc/Lp were obtained from twenty-one LT recipients. Twelve patients (incidence 3.04%) developed invasive scedosporiosis (IS). In 66.7% of the patients with IS the invasive infection was defined as a breakthrough one. The main sites of infection were lungs and paranasal sinuses. Most of the patients received combination antifungal therapy. The IS crude mortality rate after 30 days was 16.7%, and 33.3% after a year.
Conclusions
Our study highlights improved survival rates associated with combination antifungal therapy in LT recipients and underlines the risk of breakthrough infections in patients with allograft dysfunction on nebulized lipidic amphotericin B prophylaxis. In addition to pretransplant colonization, acute or chronic organ dysfunctions seem to be the main risk factors for IS.
{"title":"Invasive scedosporiosis in lung transplant recipients: A nine-year retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital","authors":"Elisa Ibáñez-Martínez , Amparo Solé , Antonio Cañada-Martínez , Carlos F. Muñoz-Núñez , Amparo Pastor , Beatriz Montull , Patricia Falomir-Salcedo , Amparo Valentín , José Luis López-Hontangas , Javier Pemán","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><em>Scedosporium</em> species and <em>Lomentospora prolificans</em> (<em>Sc/Lp</em>) are emerging molds that cause invasive disease associated with a high mortality rate. After <em>Aspergillus</em>, these molds are the second filamentous fungi recovered in lung transplant (LT) recipients.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>Our objective was to evaluate the incidence, risk factors and outcome of <em>Sc/Lp</em> infections in LT recipients at a tertiary care hospital with a national reference LT program.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A nine-year retrospective study was conducted.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>During this period, 395 LT were performed. Positive cultures for <em>Sc/Lp</em> were obtained from twenty-one LT recipients. Twelve patients (incidence 3.04%) developed invasive scedosporiosis (IS). In 66.7% of the patients with IS the invasive infection was defined as a breakthrough one. The main sites of infection were lungs and paranasal sinuses. Most of the patients received combination antifungal therapy. The IS crude mortality rate after 30 days was 16.7%, and 33.3% after a year.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study highlights improved survival rates associated with combination antifungal therapy in LT recipients and underlines the risk of breakthrough infections in patients with allograft dysfunction on nebulized lipidic amphotericin B prophylaxis. In addition to pretransplant colonization, acute or chronic organ dysfunctions seem to be the main risk factors for IS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"38 4","pages":"Pages 184-187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39512509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.04.009
Eduardo Álvarez Duarte , Nicolás Cepeda
Background
Although considered an unusual etiological agent, Cyberlindnera(Candida)fabianii has been related to septicemia in several reports in recent years. Its doubtful or uncertain identification when using tests such as CHROMagar Candida, API® Candida, API® ID32C or VITEK® MS, leads to an underestimation of the cases produced by this yeast.
Aims
To report the first isolation of C. fabianii in Chile and its identification.
Methods
The sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) was performed. Antifungal susceptibility profiles were obtained by means of the broth microdilution technique.
Results
The identification was only reached by sequencing the ITS regions, which shows the limited usefulness of the conventional techniques in the identification of some yeast species. A dendrogram shows the phylogenetic relationship of the isolated strain with some other yeast species.
Conclusion
In the identification of fastidious microorganisms or microorganisms whose identification is not completely reliable when using classical or even advanced methodologies, such as mass spectrometry, sequencing techniques are essential.
{"title":"Cyberlindnera fabianii: primer aislamiento clínico en Chile","authors":"Eduardo Álvarez Duarte , Nicolás Cepeda","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.04.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riam.2021.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Although considered an unusual etiological agent, <em>Cyberlindnera</em> <em>(Candida)</em> <em>fabianii</em> has been related to septicemia in several reports in recent years. Its doubtful or uncertain identification when using tests such as CHROMagar Candida, API® Candida, API® ID32C or VITEK® MS, leads to an underestimation of the cases produced by this yeast.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>To report the first isolation of <em>C</em>. <em>fabianii</em> in Chile and its identification.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) was performed. Antifungal susceptibility profiles were obtained by means of the broth microdilution technique.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The identification was only reached by sequencing the ITS regions, which shows the limited usefulness of the conventional techniques in the identification of some yeast species. A dendrogram shows the phylogenetic relationship of the isolated strain with some other yeast species.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In the identification of fastidious microorganisms or microorganisms whose identification is not completely reliable when using classical or even advanced methodologies, such as mass spectrometry, sequencing techniques are essential.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"38 4","pages":"Pages 180-183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.riam.2021.04.009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90023490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.06.001
Carolina Segundo Zaragoza , Itzel López Ortiz , David Alejandro Contreras Caro del Castillo , Yesmín María Domínguez Hernández , Juan Antonio Rodríguez García
Background
Data regarding yeast microbiota in goat milk is scarce.
Aims
To isolate and identify species of the genus Candida in milk samples from clinically healthy goats, and evaluate their enzymatic activity and biofilm formation.
Methods
1092 milk samples from clinically healthy goats were collected and processed. The yeast isolates were identified by phenotypic, methods and their enzymatic activity (phospholipase, hemolysin and protease) and biofilm formation evaluated.
Results
We obtained 221 Candida isolates belonging to six species: Candida kefyr (35.7%), Candida guilliermondii (33%), Candida famata (23.5%), Candida glabrata (5.9%), Candida albicans (1.35%) and Candida parapsilosissensu lato (0.45%). Protease activity was detected in all Candida species while hemolysin activity was only present in C. kefyr, C. guilliermondii, C. famata and C. albicans. Only C. albicans showed phospholipase activity. With the exception of C. parapsilosis sensu lato, all Candida species formed biofilm, with 60.19% of the isolates being poor producers, 9.93% moderate producers, and 1.35% strong producers.
Conclusions
The milk of clinically healthy goats contains several species of the genus Candida that could play a role as opportunistic pathogens in mastitis.
{"title":"Characterization, enzymatic activity and biofilm formation of Candida species isolated from goat milk","authors":"Carolina Segundo Zaragoza , Itzel López Ortiz , David Alejandro Contreras Caro del Castillo , Yesmín María Domínguez Hernández , Juan Antonio Rodríguez García","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Data regarding yeast microbiota in goat milk is scarce.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>To isolate and identify species of the genus <em>Candida</em> in milk samples from clinically healthy goats, and evaluate their enzymatic activity and biofilm formation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>1092 milk samples from clinically healthy goats were collected and processed. The yeast isolates were identified by phenotypic, methods and their enzymatic activity (phospholipase, hemolysin and protease) and biofilm formation evaluated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We obtained 221 <em>Candida</em> isolates belonging to six species: <em>Candida kefyr</em> (35.7%), <em>Candida guilliermondii</em> (33%), <em>Candida famata</em> (23.5%), <em>Candida glabrata</em> (5.9%), <em>Candida albicans</em> (1.35%) and <em>Candida parapsilosis</em> <em>sensu lato</em> (0.45%). Protease activity was detected in all <em>Candida</em> species while hemolysin activity was only present in <em>C. kefyr, C. guilliermondii</em>, <em>C. famata</em> and <em>C. albicans</em>. Only <em>C. albicans</em> showed phospholipase activity. With the exception of <em>C. parapsilosis sensu lato</em>, all <em>Candida</em> species formed biofilm, with 60.19% of the isolates being poor producers, 9.93% moderate producers, and 1.35% strong producers.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The milk of clinically healthy goats contains several species of the genus <em>Candida</em> that could play a role as opportunistic pathogens in mastitis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"38 4","pages":"Pages 175-179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.riam.2021.06.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39407771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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