Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia最新文献

英文中文

Chronic recurrent vulvovaginitis is not only due to Candida 慢性复发性外阴阴道炎不只是念珠菌所致

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY

Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia

Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.03.002

Alicia Arechavala , Ricardo Negroni , Gabriela Santiso , Roxana Depardo , Pablo Bonvehí

Background

Recurrent vulvovaginitis is a growing problem that affects millions of women worldwide. In many cases it is treated as vulvovaginal candidiasis, but there is not always microbiological confirmation.

Aims

To determine the etiology of vulvovaginitis in a group of patients.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study in which the data from the medical records of 316 adult patients who consulted for vulvovaginitis were analyzed. Eighty nine percent of the cases had already suffered previous episodes.

Results

The median age was 34 (265 patients were between 16 and 45 years old). Yeasts were isolated in culture from 211 (66.8%) patients, although pseudo-hyphae and yeasts were observed in only 166 samples (52.5%) in the direct microscopic examination. Multiple predisposing factors were found, among which the use of contraceptives or previous antibiotics stand out. Most of the patients (almost 90%) had been treated with antifungals, with or without microbiological confirmation. Candida albicans was isolated in 187 (88.6%) patients, followed by Candida glabrata in 6 (2.8%) patients. Association with bacterial vaginosis was found in 35.1% and with intermediate bacterial microbiota in 33.2% of the cases. A remarkably high proportion of C. albicans isolates resistant to fluconazole (80.1%) and itraconazole (58.8%) was found.

Conclusions

A microbiological analysis is essential to confirm the diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis, whether simple, complicated, or recurrent. Identifying the isolated yeast species and determining its susceptibility to antifungal agents are particularly important.

背景:复发性外阴阴道炎是一个日益严重的问题，影响着全世界数百万妇女。在许多情况下，它被视为外阴阴道念珠菌病，但并不总是有微生物确认。目的探讨外阴阴道炎的病因。方法对316例外阴阴道炎成年患者的病历资料进行横断面分析。89%的患者之前已经有过类似的症状。结果中位年龄34岁(16 ~ 45岁265例)。211例(66.8%)患者在培养物中分离到酵母菌，而直接镜检中仅166例(52.5%)患者检出假菌丝和酵母菌。发现多种易感因素，其中使用避孕药或既往使用抗生素最为突出。大多数患者(近90%)接受过抗真菌药物治疗，无论有无微生物学证实。其中白色念珠菌187例(88.6%)，光秃念珠菌6例(2.8%)。35.1%的病例与细菌性阴道病有关，33.2%的病例与中间菌群有关。白色念珠菌对氟康唑(80.1%)和伊曲康唑(58.8%)耐药比例较高。结论外阴阴道念珠菌病无论是单纯性、复杂性还是复发性，都需要进行微生物学分析。鉴定分离的酵母菌种类并确定其对抗真菌药物的敏感性尤为重要。

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引用次数: 8

Prevalence of pulmonary mycoses in smear-negative patients with suspected tuberculosis in the Brazilian Amazon 巴西亚马逊地区涂片阴性疑似肺结核患者中肺真菌病的患病率

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY

Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia

Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.12.004

Joycenea da Silva Matsuda , Bodo Wanke , Antonio Alcirley da Silva Balieiro , Carla Silvana da Silva Santos , Regia Cristina dos Santos Cavalcante , Mauro de Medeiros Muniz , Daiana Rodrigues Torres , Silviane Bezerra Pinheiro , Hagen Frickmann , João Vicente Braga Souza , Flor Ernestina Martinez-Espinosa

Background

Pulmonary mycoses resemble clinically and radiologically chronic pulmonary tuberculosis. Studies describing the prevalence, etiology and clinical features of pulmonary mycosis are of crucial importance in the Brazilian Amazon.

Aims

To estimate the frequency of pulmonary mycoses in smear-negative tuberculosis patients; to describe their demographic, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics; and to evaluate diagnostic methods.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted at two tuberculosis reference institutions in Amazonas, Brazil. We included 213 patients and collected clinical data, blood and induced sputum to perform serological, direct microscopy, microbiologic culture and PCR-based assays to identify infections caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus, and HIV. Chest computed tomography was also performed.

Results

Pulmonary mycoses were diagnosed in 7% (15/213) of the cases, comprising ten aspergillosis cases, three cases of paracoccidioidomycosis and one case each of histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis. Among the patients with pulmonary mycoses, 86.7% were former tuberculosis patients. The most significant clinical characteristics associated with pulmonary mycoses were cavity-shaped lung injuries, prolonged chronic cough and hemoptysis.

Conclusions

Our study confirmed the high prevalence of pulmonary mycoses in smear-negative tuberculosis patients in the Brazilian Amazon.

背景:肺真菌病在临床和放射学上与慢性肺结核相似。研究描述的患病率，病因学和临床特征的肺真菌病是至关重要的巴西亚马逊地区。目的了解痰检阴性肺结核患者肺真菌病的发病情况;描述其人口学、流行病学和临床特征;并评估诊断方法。方法在巴西亚马逊地区的两家结核病参考机构进行横断面研究。我们收集了213例患者的临床资料、血液和诱导痰，进行血清学、直接镜检、微生物培养和基于pcr的检测，以鉴定烟曲霉、巴西副球虫、荚膜组织浆体、隐球菌和HIV引起的感染。同时进行胸部计算机断层扫描。结果肺部真菌病占7%(15/213)，其中曲霉病10例，副球孢子菌病3例，组织浆菌病和隐球菌病各1例。肺真菌病患者中，86.7%为原结核患者。与肺真菌病相关的最显著临床特征是空腔型肺损伤，长时间慢性咳嗽和咯血。结论我们的研究证实了巴西亚马逊地区涂片阴性肺结核患者中肺真菌病的高患病率。

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引用次数: 6

Hedgehogs, ringworm and zoonosis: They can itch a lot! 刺猬、癣和人畜共患病:它们会很痒!

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY

Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia

Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.03.002

F. Javier Cabañes

引用次数: 0

Molecular identification of yeasts from the order Trichosporonales causing superficial infections 引起浅表感染的三孢单胞菌的分子鉴定

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY

Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia

Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.01.004

Erick Martínez-Herrera , Esperanza Duarte-Escalante , María del Rocío Reyes-Montes , Roberto Arenas , Gustavo Acosta-Altamirano , Gabriela Moreno-Coutiño , Tania Mayela Vite-Garín , Alejandro Meza-Robles , María Guadalupe Frías-De-León

Background

The molecular reclassification of the order Trichosporonales placed the medically relevant Trichosporon species into three genera of the family Trichosporonaceae: Cutaneotrichosporon, Trichosporon, and Apiotrichum. From the clinical and epidemiological standpoint, it is important to identify any species of the family Trichosporonaceae because they present different antifungal susceptibility profiles. In Mexico, little is known about trichosporonosis etiology because the fungi are identified through phenotypic methods.

Aims

To identify at a molecular level 12 yeast isolates morfologically compatible with Trichosporon, obtained from patients with superficial infections.

Methods

The yeast isolates were obtained from patients with white piedra, onychomycosis, and hand and foot dermatomycosis, and were identified morphologically and genotypically (sequencing of the IGS1 region and phylogenetic analysis using the Maximum Likelihood Method). The phylogenetic analysis included 40 yeast sequences from the order Trichosporonales and one from Cryptococcus neoformans as outgroup.

Results

Based on the molecular analysis, we identified three (25%) Trichosporon inkin isolates, two (16.7%) Trichosporon asteroides, two (16.7%) Cutaneotrichosporon mucoides, and one each (8.3%) of Trichosporon aquatile, Trichosporon asahii, Apiotrichum montevideense, Cutaneotrichosporon cutaneum, and Cutaneotrichosporon jirovecii.

Conclusions

The molecular characterization of the isolates showed a broad diversity of species within the order Trichosporonales, particularly among onychomycosis. It is essential to identify these yeasts at the species level to delve into their epidemiology.

对Trichosporonales的分子重新分类将医学上相关的Trichosporon物种划分为trichosporaceae家族的三个属:Cutaneotrichosporon, Trichosporon和Apiotrichum。从临床和流行病学的角度来看，鉴别毛霉科的任何物种都是很重要的，因为它们具有不同的抗真菌敏感性。在墨西哥，由于真菌是通过表型方法鉴定的，所以对三磷螺旋体病的病因知之甚少。目的在分子水平上鉴定从浅表感染患者中获得的与三磷酸丝蛋白形态相容的12株酵母菌。方法从白癣、甲癣和手足皮癣患者中分离得到酵母菌，进行形态学和基因型鉴定(IGS1区测序和最大似然法系统发育分析)。系统发育分析包括来自Trichosporonales的40个酵母序列和来自外群Cryptococcus neoformans的1个序列。结果通过分子分析，分离得到3株(25%)墨染型三磷酸丝虫病菌、2株(16.7%)行星型三磷酸丝虫病菌、2株(16.7%)黏液型三磷酸丝虫病菌，以及1株(8.3%)水生三磷酸丝虫病菌、asahii三磷酸丝虫病菌、montevideense三磷酸丝虫病菌、皮肤三磷酸丝虫病菌和jiroveci三磷酸丝虫病菌。结论分离菌株的分子特征表明，三磷菌属具有广泛的物种多样性，特别是在甲癣菌属。在物种水平上识别这些酵母菌以深入研究它们的流行病学是必要的。

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引用次数: 5

A search for cryptic Aspergillus species in South Brazil 在巴西南部对隐曲霉种类的研究

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY

Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia

Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.04.008

Izadora Vasconcellos , Juliano Silveira , Cecília Severo , Odelta Allende , Alessandro Pasqualotto

引用次数: 0

Tinea capitis caused by Nannizzia gypsea after playing by a river 在河边玩耍后引起的头癣

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY

Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia

Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.12.003

Elisabeth Gómez-Moyano , María Gasca-Santiyán , Alberto Andamoyo-Castañeda , Leandro Martínez-Pilar

引用次数: 0

In vitro interaction between glabridin and voriconazole against Aspergillus fumigatus isolates 光甘草定与伏立康唑对烟曲霉的体外相互作用

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY

Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia

Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.12.005

Mojtaba Nabili , Narges Aslani , Tahereh Shokohi , Mohammad Taghi Hedayati , Fozieh Hassanmoghadam , Maryam Moazeni

Background

Voriconazole (VRC) is widely recommended as the first-line therapy for invasive aspergillosis. However, surveillance studies have demonstrated that there is an increase in the frequency of azole resistance among Aspergillus fumigates isolates. In recent years, more studies on effective synergisms between natural agents and antifungal drugs have been published.

Aims

To evaluate the synergistic antifungal effect of glabridin (Gla) and VRC against A. fumigatus isolates.

Methods

Potential interactions between Gla and VRC were studied by using a microdilution checkerboard method based on the CLSI reference technique. To assess the interaction of drugs the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) was calculated based on the Loewe Additivity model.

Results

The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) obtained with Gla alone were relatively high (MIC₅₀ 16 μg/ml). However, our results showed synergistic interaction between Gla and VRC against A. fumigatus strains, with FICI range values between 0.15 and 0.5.

Conclusions

Synergistic activity of Gla and VRC against both VRC-sensitive and -resistant A. fumigatus isolates may lead to design new antifungal agents, especially for inhibiting those azole-resistant strains.

背景:dvoriconazole (VRC)被广泛推荐为侵袭性曲霉病的一线治疗药物。然而，监测研究表明，在烟熏曲霉分离株中，抗唑频率有所增加。近年来，关于天然药物与抗真菌药物有效协同作用的研究越来越多。目的探讨光甘草定(Gla)与VRC对烟曲霉的协同抑菌作用。方法采用基于CLSI参比技术的微量稀释棋盘法研究Gla与VRC之间可能存在的相互作用。为了评估药物的相互作用，基于Loewe加性模型计算分数抑制浓度指数(FICI)。结果单用Gla获得的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)较高，为16 μg/ml。结果表明，Gla和VRC对烟igatus菌株具有协同作用，FICI值在0.15 ~ 0.5之间。结论Gla和VRC对VRC敏感和耐药烟曲霉的协同作用可能为设计新的抗真菌药物提供依据，特别是对抗唑菌株的抑制。

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引用次数: 2

Isolation of Candida auris in large hospitals in the Autonomous Community of Valencia; population-based study (2013–2017) 瓦伦西亚自治区大型医院中耳念珠菌的分离基于人群的研究(2013-2017)

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY

Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia

Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.01.005

Laura Ruiz-Azcona , Miguel Santibañez , Francisco Javier Roig , Hermelinda Vanaclocha , Maria Paz Ventero , Vicente Boix , Joaquín Portilla-Sogorb , José Sánchez-Paya , Esperanza Merino , Juan Carlos Rodriguez

Background

Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant and highly virulent yeast that spreads easily among patients.

Aims

To describe the characteristics of candidemia caused by C. auris in the southeast of Spain (Autonomous Community of Valencia – ACV) through a 5-year population-based study.

Methods

An analysis of all the episodes of candidemia diagnosed in the ACV, with approximately 4,500,000 inhabitants, during 2013–2017, was done. Data were obtained from the Epidemiological Surveillance Valencian Network, a network that collects all the microbiological data from the hospitals in the study region.

Results

Based on the records, 1.9% of the isolates recovered from the positive blood cultures (corresponding to 1789 patients) were yeasts. This implies an annual rate of 7.09 cases/100,000 inhabitants. Of the 23 yeast species isolated, Candida albicans was the most frequent (37.3%), showing a higher frequency than Candida parapsilosis (28.4%) and Candida glabrata (15.6%) (p < 0.0001). It is remarkable the emergence of C. auris during 2016 and 2017, as this species became the fourth more prevalent in 2016 (9.2%), and the third in 2017 (15.7%). Fungemia was more common in hospitals with >500 beds (63.3% versus 36.7% in small hospitals) (p < 0.0001), and C. auris was mostly isolated in large hospitals (8.5% versus 0.3%); its incidence was higher in autumn and among the age group of 65–84 years.

Conclusions

The information about the local epidemiology of candidemia is essential in order to decide the best empirical treatment approach. This study reports the novel presence of C. auris in large hospitals. This pathogen has usually resistance to several antifungals and causes severe fungemia, so the results of this work reveal the need to monitor the presence of this species systematically.

背景耳念珠菌是一种新兴的多重耐药和高毒力酵母菌，很容易在患者中传播。目的通过一项为期5年的人群研究，了解西班牙东南部(瓦伦西亚自治区- ACV)由金黄色葡萄球菌引起的念珠菌病的特点。方法对2013-2017年期间ACV中诊断出的所有念珠菌发作进行分析，其中约有450万居民。数据来自流行病学监测瓦伦西亚网络，该网络收集了研究地区医院的所有微生物数据。结果从阳性血培养(对应于1789例患者)中回收的分离株中有1.9%为酵母菌。这意味着年发病率为7.09例/10万居民。在分离到的23种酵母菌中，以白色念珠菌最多(37.3%)，其频率高于假丝酵母菌(28.4%)和光丝酵母菌(15.6%)(p <0.0001)。值得注意的是，2016年和2017年，金黄色葡萄球菌的流行率分别为9.2%和15.7%，居第四位和第三位。真菌病在500张床位的医院中更为常见(63.3%比36.7%)(p <0.0001)，耳球菌主要在大型医院分离(8.5%对0.3%);其发病率在秋季和65-84岁年龄组较高。结论了解当地念珠菌的流行病学信息对确定最佳的经验性治疗方案至关重要。本研究报道了大型医院中金黄色葡萄球菌的新存在。这种病原体通常对几种抗真菌药物具有耐药性，并引起严重的真菌血症，因此本工作的结果表明需要系统地监测该物种的存在。

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引用次数: 2

Aspergillosis, poultry farming and antifungal resistance 曲霉病，家禽养殖和抗真菌耐药性

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY

Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia

Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.03.004

F. Javier Cabañes

引用次数: 2

Taphonomy of experimental burials in Taphos-m: The role of fungi Taphos-m实验埋藏的埋藏学:真菌的作用

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY

Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia

Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.02.003

Aida Gutiérrez , Laia Guàrdia , Dominika Nociarová , Assumpció Malgosa , Núria Armentano

Background

The fungi present in the decaying remains enable a better understanding of the processes of decomposition after death. There are not many studies about fungi on decaying bodies and it is not known which fungal sampling methods are effective.

Aims

The main objective of this study was to find the best method for sampling fungi in carcasses, prove the effectiveness of this method and identify the fungal colonies in animal carcasses from experimental burials.

Methods

Samples from 13 carcasses of Sus scrofa domestica, from the experimental project Taphos-m, were taken with different materials: spatula, sterile swabs and RODAC contact plates.

Results

RODAC contact plates with the RBA culture medium showed higher proliferation of fungal colonies. Thirty genera of fungi were isolated from different substrates (bone, tissue, lime). Most of the fungi genera or groups identified have been described before in the literature, but the substrates they came from were different in some cases.

Conclusions

Sampling with RODAC contact plates was found to be the most effective method, as it provides a nutritional culture medium that may allow growth since the moment of sampling. Fungi colonies grew better in RBA culture medium because bacterial growth is inhibited. Most of the observed fungi are related to the environment but some others have been found related to decomposing bodies for the first time.

腐尸中存在的真菌使我们能够更好地理解人死后的分解过程。关于腐尸真菌的研究并不多，也不知道哪种真菌取样方法是有效的。目的探讨动物尸体真菌取样的最佳方法，验证该方法的有效性，并对实验掩埋动物尸体真菌菌落进行鉴定。方法采用刮刀、无菌拭子、RODAC接触片等不同材料采集13只家蝇标本。结果rodac接触板与RBA培养基具有较高的真菌菌落增殖率。从不同基质(骨、组织、石灰)中分离出30属真菌。大多数已鉴定的真菌属或类群已经在文献中描述过，但在某些情况下，它们来自不同的底物。结论RODAC接触板取样是最有效的方法，因为它提供了一种营养培养基，从取样的那一刻起就可以生长。真菌菌落在RBA培养基中生长较好，因为细菌生长受到抑制。大多数观察到的真菌与环境有关，但也有一些是首次发现与腐烂的尸体有关。

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