Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.03.003
F. Javier Cabañes
{"title":"Nosemosis and the collapse of beehives","authors":"F. Javier Cabañes","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2020.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2020.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"38 3","pages":"Pages 107-108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.riam.2020.03.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38077108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.02.002
Sofia Maraki , Dimitra Stafylaki , Spyridon A. Karageorgos , Filippos Koutroumpakis , George Hamilos , Antonis Makrigiannakis , George Samonis
Background
Although Candida is a commensal of the urogenital tract, intrauterine fungal infections are extremely uncommon in clinical practice.
Aims
In the present work we evaluated whether amniotic fluid (AF) possesses direct antifungal activity against clinical isolates of Candidaalbicans and other Candida species.
Methods
A total of 23 AF samples from pregnant women with gestational age of 38–41 weeks were obtained under aseptic conditions by the aspiration of the amniotic sac during cesarean section. Different Candida species were inoculated in amniotic fluid and Sabouraud broth, used as control, and were incubated at 37 °C for 48 h. Quantitative cultures of test samples and controls were performed at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h.
Results
AF collected from 23 pregnant women had consistent and significant inhibitory activity against all Candida isolates tested. Nonetheless, a complete inhibition of growth by all 23 AF samples tested was observed only against Candida glabrata.
Conclusions
It is likely that the antifungal activity of the AF against C. albicans, C. glabrata and Candida parapsilosis observed in vitro also exists in vivo, contributing to protect against intrauterine fungal infections.
{"title":"Antifungal activity of amniotic fluid against different Candida species","authors":"Sofia Maraki , Dimitra Stafylaki , Spyridon A. Karageorgos , Filippos Koutroumpakis , George Hamilos , Antonis Makrigiannakis , George Samonis","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Although <em>Candida</em> is a commensal of the urogenital tract, intrauterine fungal infections are extremely uncommon in clinical practice.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>In the present work we evaluated whether amniotic fluid (AF) possesses direct antifungal activity against clinical isolates of <em>Candida</em> <em>albicans</em> and other <em>Candida</em> species.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 23 AF samples from pregnant women with gestational age of 38–41 weeks were obtained under aseptic conditions by the aspiration of the amniotic sac during cesarean section. Different <em>Candida</em> species were inoculated in amniotic fluid and Sabouraud broth, used as control, and were incubated at 37<!--> <!-->°C for 48<!--> <!-->h. Quantitative cultures of test samples and controls were performed at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48<!--> <!-->h.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>AF collected from 23 pregnant women had consistent and significant inhibitory activity against all <em>Candida</em> isolates tested. Nonetheless, a complete inhibition of growth by all 23 AF samples tested was observed only against <span><em>Candida glabrata</em></span>.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>It is likely that the antifungal activity of the AF against <em>C. albicans</em>, <em>C. glabrata</em> and <span><em>Candida parapsilosis</em></span> observed <em>in vitro</em> also exists <em>in vivo</em>, contributing to protect against intrauterine fungal infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"38 3","pages":"Pages 148-150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.riam.2021.02.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39003340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recurrent vulvovaginitis is a growing problem that affects millions of women worldwide. In many cases it is treated as vulvovaginal candidiasis, but there is not always microbiological confirmation.
Aims
To determine the etiology of vulvovaginitis in a group of patients.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional study in which the data from the medical records of 316 adult patients who consulted for vulvovaginitis were analyzed. Eighty nine percent of the cases had already suffered previous episodes.
Results
The median age was 34 (265 patients were between 16 and 45 years old). Yeasts were isolated in culture from 211 (66.8%) patients, although pseudo-hyphae and yeasts were observed in only 166 samples (52.5%) in the direct microscopic examination. Multiple predisposing factors were found, among which the use of contraceptives or previous antibiotics stand out. Most of the patients (almost 90%) had been treated with antifungals, with or without microbiological confirmation. Candida albicans was isolated in 187 (88.6%) patients, followed by Candida glabrata in 6 (2.8%) patients. Association with bacterial vaginosis was found in 35.1% and with intermediate bacterial microbiota in 33.2% of the cases. A remarkably high proportion of C. albicans isolates resistant to fluconazole (80.1%) and itraconazole (58.8%) was found.
Conclusions
A microbiological analysis is essential to confirm the diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis, whether simple, complicated, or recurrent. Identifying the isolated yeast species and determining its susceptibility to antifungal agents are particularly important.
{"title":"Chronic recurrent vulvovaginitis is not only due to Candida","authors":"Alicia Arechavala , Ricardo Negroni , Gabriela Santiso , Roxana Depardo , Pablo Bonvehí","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Recurrent vulvovaginitis is a growing problem that affects millions of women worldwide. In many cases it is treated as vulvovaginal </span>candidiasis, but there is not always microbiological confirmation.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>To determine the etiology of vulvovaginitis in a group of patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a cross-sectional study in which the data from the medical records of 316 adult patients who consulted for vulvovaginitis were analyzed. Eighty nine percent of the cases had already suffered previous episodes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The median age was 34 (265 patients were between 16 and 45 years old). Yeasts were isolated in culture from 211 (66.8%) patients, although pseudo-hyphae and yeasts were observed in only 166 samples (52.5%) in the direct microscopic examination. Multiple predisposing factors were found, among which the use of contraceptives or previous antibiotics stand out. Most of the patients (almost 90%) had been treated with antifungals, with or without microbiological confirmation. <span><em>Candida albicans</em></span> was isolated in 187 (88.6%) patients, followed by <span><em>Candida glabrata</em></span><span><span> in 6 (2.8%) patients. Association with bacterial vaginosis was found in 35.1% and with intermediate bacterial </span>microbiota in 33.2% of the cases. A remarkably high proportion of </span><em>C. albicans</em> isolates resistant to fluconazole (80.1%) and itraconazole (58.8%) was found.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A microbiological analysis is essential to confirm the diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis, whether simple, complicated, or recurrent. Identifying the isolated yeast species and determining its susceptibility to antifungal agents are particularly important.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"38 3","pages":"Pages 132-137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.riam.2021.03.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38997786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.12.004
Joycenea da Silva Matsuda , Bodo Wanke , Antonio Alcirley da Silva Balieiro , Carla Silvana da Silva Santos , Regia Cristina dos Santos Cavalcante , Mauro de Medeiros Muniz , Daiana Rodrigues Torres , Silviane Bezerra Pinheiro , Hagen Frickmann , João Vicente Braga Souza , Flor Ernestina Martinez-Espinosa
Background
Pulmonary mycoses resemble clinically and radiologically chronic pulmonary tuberculosis. Studies describing the prevalence, etiology and clinical features of pulmonary mycosis are of crucial importance in the Brazilian Amazon.
Aims
To estimate the frequency of pulmonary mycoses in smear-negative tuberculosis patients; to describe their demographic, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics; and to evaluate diagnostic methods.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at two tuberculosis reference institutions in Amazonas, Brazil. We included 213 patients and collected clinical data, blood and induced sputum to perform serological, direct microscopy, microbiologic culture and PCR-based assays to identify infections caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus, and HIV. Chest computed tomography was also performed.
Results
Pulmonary mycoses were diagnosed in 7% (15/213) of the cases, comprising ten aspergillosis cases, three cases of paracoccidioidomycosis and one case each of histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis. Among the patients with pulmonary mycoses, 86.7% were former tuberculosis patients. The most significant clinical characteristics associated with pulmonary mycoses were cavity-shaped lung injuries, prolonged chronic cough and hemoptysis.
Conclusions
Our study confirmed the high prevalence of pulmonary mycoses in smear-negative tuberculosis patients in the Brazilian Amazon.
{"title":"Prevalence of pulmonary mycoses in smear-negative patients with suspected tuberculosis in the Brazilian Amazon","authors":"Joycenea da Silva Matsuda , Bodo Wanke , Antonio Alcirley da Silva Balieiro , Carla Silvana da Silva Santos , Regia Cristina dos Santos Cavalcante , Mauro de Medeiros Muniz , Daiana Rodrigues Torres , Silviane Bezerra Pinheiro , Hagen Frickmann , João Vicente Braga Souza , Flor Ernestina Martinez-Espinosa","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2020.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2020.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Pulmonary mycoses resemble clinically and radiologically chronic pulmonary tuberculosis. Studies describing the prevalence, etiology and clinical features of pulmonary mycosis are of crucial importance in the Brazilian Amazon.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>To estimate the frequency of pulmonary mycoses in smear-negative tuberculosis patients; to describe their demographic, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics; and to evaluate diagnostic methods.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional study was conducted at two tuberculosis reference institutions in Amazonas, Brazil. We included 213 patients and collected clinical data, blood and induced sputum to perform serological, direct microscopy, microbiologic culture and PCR-based assays to identify infections caused by <span><em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em></span>, <span><em>Paracoccidioides brasiliensis</em></span>, <span><em>Histoplasma capsulatum</em></span>, <span><em>Cryptococcus</em></span>, and HIV. Chest computed tomography was also performed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Pulmonary mycoses were diagnosed in 7% (15/213) of the cases, comprising ten aspergillosis cases, three cases of paracoccidioidomycosis and one case each of histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis. Among the patients with pulmonary mycoses, 86.7% were former tuberculosis patients. The most significant clinical characteristics associated with pulmonary mycoses were cavity-shaped lung injuries, prolonged chronic cough and hemoptysis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study confirmed the high prevalence of pulmonary mycoses in smear-negative tuberculosis patients in the Brazilian Amazon.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"38 3","pages":"Pages 111-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.riam.2020.12.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25523218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.03.002
F. Javier Cabañes
{"title":"Hedgehogs, ringworm and zoonosis: They can itch a lot!","authors":"F. Javier Cabañes","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2020.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2020.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"38 3","pages":"Pages 105-106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.riam.2020.03.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38004042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.01.004
Erick Martínez-Herrera , Esperanza Duarte-Escalante , María del Rocío Reyes-Montes , Roberto Arenas , Gustavo Acosta-Altamirano , Gabriela Moreno-Coutiño , Tania Mayela Vite-Garín , Alejandro Meza-Robles , María Guadalupe Frías-De-León
Background
The molecular reclassification of the order Trichosporonales placed the medically relevant Trichosporon species into three genera of the family Trichosporonaceae: Cutaneotrichosporon, Trichosporon, and Apiotrichum. From the clinical and epidemiological standpoint, it is important to identify any species of the family Trichosporonaceae because they present different antifungal susceptibility profiles. In Mexico, little is known about trichosporonosis etiology because the fungi are identified through phenotypic methods.
Aims
To identify at a molecular level 12 yeast isolates morfologically compatible with Trichosporon, obtained from patients with superficial infections.
Methods
The yeast isolates were obtained from patients with white piedra, onychomycosis, and hand and foot dermatomycosis, and were identified morphologically and genotypically (sequencing of the IGS1 region and phylogenetic analysis using the Maximum Likelihood Method). The phylogenetic analysis included 40 yeast sequences from the order Trichosporonales and one from Cryptococcus neoformans as outgroup.
Results
Based on the molecular analysis, we identified three (25%) Trichosporon inkin isolates, two (16.7%) Trichosporon asteroides, two (16.7%) Cutaneotrichosporon mucoides, and one each (8.3%) of Trichosporon aquatile, Trichosporon asahii, Apiotrichum montevideense, Cutaneotrichosporon cutaneum, and Cutaneotrichosporon jirovecii.
Conclusions
The molecular characterization of the isolates showed a broad diversity of species within the order Trichosporonales, particularly among onychomycosis. It is essential to identify these yeasts at the species level to delve into their epidemiology.
{"title":"Molecular identification of yeasts from the order Trichosporonales causing superficial infections","authors":"Erick Martínez-Herrera , Esperanza Duarte-Escalante , María del Rocío Reyes-Montes , Roberto Arenas , Gustavo Acosta-Altamirano , Gabriela Moreno-Coutiño , Tania Mayela Vite-Garín , Alejandro Meza-Robles , María Guadalupe Frías-De-León","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The molecular reclassification of the order Trichosporonales placed the medically relevant <span><em>Trichosporon</em></span> species into three genera of the family Trichosporonaceae: <em>Cutaneotrichosporon</em>, <em>Trichosporon</em>, and <em>Apiotrichum.</em><span> From the clinical and epidemiological standpoint, it is important to identify any species of the family Trichosporonaceae because they present different antifungal susceptibility profiles. In Mexico, little is known about trichosporonosis etiology because the fungi are identified through phenotypic methods.</span></p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>To identify at a molecular level 12 yeast isolates morfologically compatible with <em>Trichosporon</em>, obtained from patients with superficial infections.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>The yeast isolates were obtained from patients with white piedra, onychomycosis, and hand and foot dermatomycosis, and were identified morphologically and genotypically (sequencing of the IGS1 region and phylogenetic analysis using the Maximum Likelihood Method). The phylogenetic analysis included 40 yeast sequences from the order Trichosporonales and one from </span><span><em>Cryptococcus neoformans</em></span> as outgroup.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Based on the molecular analysis, we identified three (25%) <em>Trichosporon inkin</em> isolates, two (16.7%) <em>Trichosporon asteroides</em>, two (16.7%) <em>Cutaneotrichosporon mucoides,</em> and one each (8.3%) of <em>Trichosporon aquatile</em>, <span><em>Trichosporon asahii</em></span>, <em>Apiotrichum montevideense</em>, <em>Cutaneotrichosporon cutaneum</em>, and <em>Cutaneotrichosporon jirovecii</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The molecular characterization of the isolates showed a broad diversity of species within the order Trichosporonales, particularly among onychomycosis. It is essential to identify these yeasts at the species level to delve into their epidemiology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"38 3","pages":"Pages 119-124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.riam.2021.01.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25580153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A search for cryptic Aspergillus species in South Brazil","authors":"Izadora Vasconcellos , Juliano Silveira , Cecília Severo , Odelta Allende , Alessandro Pasqualotto","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"38 3","pages":"Page 154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.riam.2021.04.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39172859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.12.003
Elisabeth Gómez-Moyano , María Gasca-Santiyán , Alberto Andamoyo-Castañeda , Leandro Martínez-Pilar
{"title":"Tinea capitis caused by Nannizzia gypsea after playing by a river","authors":"Elisabeth Gómez-Moyano , María Gasca-Santiyán , Alberto Andamoyo-Castañeda , Leandro Martínez-Pilar","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2020.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2020.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"38 3","pages":"Page 153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.riam.2020.12.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25474152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Voriconazole (VRC) is widely recommended as the first-line therapy for invasive aspergillosis. However, surveillance studies have demonstrated that there is an increase in the frequency of azole resistance among Aspergillus fumigates isolates. In recent years, more studies on effective synergisms between natural agents and antifungal drugs have been published.
Aims
To evaluate the synergistic antifungal effect of glabridin (Gla) and VRC against A. fumigatus isolates.
Methods
Potential interactions between Gla and VRC were studied by using a microdilution checkerboard method based on the CLSI reference technique. To assess the interaction of drugs the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) was calculated based on the Loewe Additivity model.
Results
The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) obtained with Gla alone were relatively high (MIC50 16 μg/ml). However, our results showed synergistic interaction between Gla and VRC against A. fumigatus strains, with FICI range values between 0.15 and 0.5.
Conclusions
Synergistic activity of Gla and VRC against both VRC-sensitive and -resistant A. fumigatus isolates may lead to design new antifungal agents, especially for inhibiting those azole-resistant strains.
{"title":"In vitro interaction between glabridin and voriconazole against Aspergillus fumigatus isolates","authors":"Mojtaba Nabili , Narges Aslani , Tahereh Shokohi , Mohammad Taghi Hedayati , Fozieh Hassanmoghadam , Maryam Moazeni","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2020.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2020.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Voriconazole (VRC) is widely recommended as the first-line therapy for invasive aspergillosis. However, surveillance studies have demonstrated that there is an increase in the frequency of azole resistance among <em>Aspergillus fumigates</em> isolates. In recent years, more studies on effective synergisms between natural agents and antifungal drugs have been published.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>To evaluate the synergistic antifungal effect of glabridin (Gla) and VRC against <em>A. fumigatus</em> isolates.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Potential interactions between Gla and VRC were studied by using a microdilution checkerboard method based on the CLSI reference technique. To assess the interaction of drugs the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) was calculated based on the Loewe Additivity model.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) obtained with Gla alone were relatively high (MIC<sub>50</sub> 16<!--> <!-->μg/ml). However, our results showed synergistic interaction between Gla and VRC against <em>A. fumigatus</em><span> strains, with FICI range values between 0.15 and 0.5.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Synergistic activity of Gla and VRC against both VRC-sensitive and -resistant <em>A. fumigatus</em> isolates may lead to design new antifungal agents, especially for inhibiting those azole-resistant strains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"38 3","pages":"Pages 145-147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.riam.2020.12.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38973107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.01.005
Laura Ruiz-Azcona , Miguel Santibañez , Francisco Javier Roig , Hermelinda Vanaclocha , Maria Paz Ventero , Vicente Boix , Joaquín Portilla-Sogorb , José Sánchez-Paya , Esperanza Merino , Juan Carlos Rodriguez
Background
Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant and highly virulent yeast that spreads easily among patients.
Aims
To describe the characteristics of candidemia caused by C. auris in the southeast of Spain (Autonomous Community of Valencia – ACV) through a 5-year population-based study.
Methods
An analysis of all the episodes of candidemia diagnosed in the ACV, with approximately 4,500,000 inhabitants, during 2013–2017, was done. Data were obtained from the Epidemiological Surveillance Valencian Network, a network that collects all the microbiological data from the hospitals in the study region.
Results
Based on the records, 1.9% of the isolates recovered from the positive blood cultures (corresponding to 1789 patients) were yeasts. This implies an annual rate of 7.09 cases/100,000 inhabitants. Of the 23 yeast species isolated, Candida albicans was the most frequent (37.3%), showing a higher frequency than Candida parapsilosis (28.4%) and Candida glabrata (15.6%) (p < 0.0001). It is remarkable the emergence of C. auris during 2016 and 2017, as this species became the fourth more prevalent in 2016 (9.2%), and the third in 2017 (15.7%). Fungemia was more common in hospitals with >500 beds (63.3% versus 36.7% in small hospitals) (p < 0.0001), and C. auris was mostly isolated in large hospitals (8.5% versus 0.3%); its incidence was higher in autumn and among the age group of 65–84 years.
Conclusions
The information about the local epidemiology of candidemia is essential in order to decide the best empirical treatment approach. This study reports the novel presence of C. auris in large hospitals. This pathogen has usually resistance to several antifungals and causes severe fungemia, so the results of this work reveal the need to monitor the presence of this species systematically.
{"title":"Isolation of Candida auris in large hospitals in the Autonomous Community of Valencia; population-based study (2013–2017)","authors":"Laura Ruiz-Azcona , Miguel Santibañez , Francisco Javier Roig , Hermelinda Vanaclocha , Maria Paz Ventero , Vicente Boix , Joaquín Portilla-Sogorb , José Sánchez-Paya , Esperanza Merino , Juan Carlos Rodriguez","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span><em>Candida auris</em></span> is an emerging multidrug-resistant and highly virulent yeast that spreads easily among patients.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p><span>To describe the characteristics of candidemia caused by </span><em>C. auris</em> in the southeast of Spain (Autonomous Community of Valencia – ACV) through a 5-year population-based study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>An analysis of all the episodes of candidemia diagnosed in the ACV, with approximately 4,500,000 inhabitants, during 2013–2017, was done. Data were obtained from the Epidemiological Surveillance Valencian Network, a network that collects all the microbiological data from the hospitals in the study region.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Based on the records, 1.9% of the isolates recovered from the positive blood cultures (corresponding to 1789 patients) were yeasts. This implies an annual rate of 7.09 cases/100,000 inhabitants. Of the 23 yeast species isolated, <span><em>Candida albicans</em></span> was the most frequent (37.3%), showing a higher frequency than <span><em>Candida parapsilosis</em></span> (28.4%) and <span><em>Candida glabrata</em></span> (15.6%) (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.0001). It is remarkable the emergence of <em>C. auris</em> during 2016 and 2017, as this species became the fourth more prevalent in 2016 (9.2%), and the third in 2017 (15.7%). Fungemia was more common in hospitals with >500 beds (63.3% versus 36.7% in small hospitals) (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.0001), and <em>C. auris</em> was mostly isolated in large hospitals (8.5% versus 0.3%); its incidence was higher in autumn and among the age group of 65–84 years.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The information about the local epidemiology of candidemia is essential in order to decide the best empirical treatment approach. This study reports the novel presence of <em>C. auris</em> in large hospitals. This pathogen has usually resistance to several antifungals and causes severe fungemia, so the results of this work reveal the need to monitor the presence of this species systematically.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"38 3","pages":"Pages 141-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.riam.2021.01.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39188427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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