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A search for cryptic Aspergillus species in South Brazil 在巴西南部对隐曲霉种类的研究
IF 1.9 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.04.008
Izadora Vasconcellos , Juliano Silveira , Cecília Severo , Odelta Allende , Alessandro Pasqualotto
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引用次数: 0
Tinea capitis caused by Nannizzia gypsea after playing by a river 在河边玩耍后引起的头癣
IF 1.9 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.12.003
Elisabeth Gómez-Moyano , María Gasca-Santiyán , Alberto Andamoyo-Castañeda , Leandro Martínez-Pilar
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引用次数: 0
In vitro interaction between glabridin and voriconazole against Aspergillus fumigatus isolates 光甘草定与伏立康唑对烟曲霉的体外相互作用
IF 1.9 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.12.005
Mojtaba Nabili , Narges Aslani , Tahereh Shokohi , Mohammad Taghi Hedayati , Fozieh Hassanmoghadam , Maryam Moazeni

Background

Voriconazole (VRC) is widely recommended as the first-line therapy for invasive aspergillosis. However, surveillance studies have demonstrated that there is an increase in the frequency of azole resistance among Aspergillus fumigates isolates. In recent years, more studies on effective synergisms between natural agents and antifungal drugs have been published.

Aims

To evaluate the synergistic antifungal effect of glabridin (Gla) and VRC against A. fumigatus isolates.

Methods

Potential interactions between Gla and VRC were studied by using a microdilution checkerboard method based on the CLSI reference technique. To assess the interaction of drugs the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) was calculated based on the Loewe Additivity model.

Results

The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) obtained with Gla alone were relatively high (MIC50 16 μg/ml). However, our results showed synergistic interaction between Gla and VRC against A. fumigatus strains, with FICI range values between 0.15 and 0.5.

Conclusions

Synergistic activity of Gla and VRC against both VRC-sensitive and -resistant A. fumigatus isolates may lead to design new antifungal agents, especially for inhibiting those azole-resistant strains.

背景:dvoriconazole (VRC)被广泛推荐为侵袭性曲霉病的一线治疗药物。然而,监测研究表明,在烟熏曲霉分离株中,抗唑频率有所增加。近年来,关于天然药物与抗真菌药物有效协同作用的研究越来越多。目的探讨光甘草定(Gla)与VRC对烟曲霉的协同抑菌作用。方法采用基于CLSI参比技术的微量稀释棋盘法研究Gla与VRC之间可能存在的相互作用。为了评估药物的相互作用,基于Loewe加性模型计算分数抑制浓度指数(FICI)。结果单用Gla获得的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)较高,为16 μg/ml。结果表明,Gla和VRC对烟igatus菌株具有协同作用,FICI值在0.15 ~ 0.5之间。结论Gla和VRC对VRC敏感和耐药烟曲霉的协同作用可能为设计新的抗真菌药物提供依据,特别是对抗唑菌株的抑制。
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引用次数: 2
Isolation of Candida auris in large hospitals in the Autonomous Community of Valencia; population-based study (2013–2017) 瓦伦西亚自治区大型医院中耳念珠菌的分离基于人群的研究(2013-2017)
IF 1.9 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.01.005
Laura Ruiz-Azcona , Miguel Santibañez , Francisco Javier Roig , Hermelinda Vanaclocha , Maria Paz Ventero , Vicente Boix , Joaquín Portilla-Sogorb , José Sánchez-Paya , Esperanza Merino , Juan Carlos Rodriguez

Background

Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant and highly virulent yeast that spreads easily among patients.

Aims

To describe the characteristics of candidemia caused by C. auris in the southeast of Spain (Autonomous Community of Valencia – ACV) through a 5-year population-based study.

Methods

An analysis of all the episodes of candidemia diagnosed in the ACV, with approximately 4,500,000 inhabitants, during 2013–2017, was done. Data were obtained from the Epidemiological Surveillance Valencian Network, a network that collects all the microbiological data from the hospitals in the study region.

Results

Based on the records, 1.9% of the isolates recovered from the positive blood cultures (corresponding to 1789 patients) were yeasts. This implies an annual rate of 7.09 cases/100,000 inhabitants. Of the 23 yeast species isolated, Candida albicans was the most frequent (37.3%), showing a higher frequency than Candida parapsilosis (28.4%) and Candida glabrata (15.6%) (p < 0.0001). It is remarkable the emergence of C. auris during 2016 and 2017, as this species became the fourth more prevalent in 2016 (9.2%), and the third in 2017 (15.7%). Fungemia was more common in hospitals with >500 beds (63.3% versus 36.7% in small hospitals) (p < 0.0001), and C. auris was mostly isolated in large hospitals (8.5% versus 0.3%); its incidence was higher in autumn and among the age group of 65–84 years.

Conclusions

The information about the local epidemiology of candidemia is essential in order to decide the best empirical treatment approach. This study reports the novel presence of C. auris in large hospitals. This pathogen has usually resistance to several antifungals and causes severe fungemia, so the results of this work reveal the need to monitor the presence of this species systematically.

背景耳念珠菌是一种新兴的多重耐药和高毒力酵母菌,很容易在患者中传播。目的通过一项为期5年的人群研究,了解西班牙东南部(瓦伦西亚自治区- ACV)由金黄色葡萄球菌引起的念珠菌病的特点。方法对2013-2017年期间ACV中诊断出的所有念珠菌发作进行分析,其中约有450万居民。数据来自流行病学监测瓦伦西亚网络,该网络收集了研究地区医院的所有微生物数据。结果从阳性血培养(对应于1789例患者)中回收的分离株中有1.9%为酵母菌。这意味着年发病率为7.09例/10万居民。在分离到的23种酵母菌中,以白色念珠菌最多(37.3%),其频率高于假丝酵母菌(28.4%)和光丝酵母菌(15.6%)(p <0.0001)。值得注意的是,2016年和2017年,金黄色葡萄球菌的流行率分别为9.2%和15.7%,居第四位和第三位。真菌病在500张床位的医院中更为常见(63.3%比36.7%)(p <0.0001),耳球菌主要在大型医院分离(8.5%对0.3%);其发病率在秋季和65-84岁年龄组较高。结论了解当地念珠菌的流行病学信息对确定最佳的经验性治疗方案至关重要。本研究报道了大型医院中金黄色葡萄球菌的新存在。这种病原体通常对几种抗真菌药物具有耐药性,并引起严重的真菌血症,因此本工作的结果表明需要系统地监测该物种的存在。
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引用次数: 2
Aspergillosis, poultry farming and antifungal resistance 曲霉病,家禽养殖和抗真菌耐药性
IF 1.9 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.03.004
F. Javier Cabañes
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引用次数: 2
Taphonomy of experimental burials in Taphos-m: The role of fungi Taphos-m实验埋藏的埋藏学:真菌的作用
IF 1.9 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.02.003
Aida Gutiérrez , Laia Guàrdia , Dominika Nociarová , Assumpció Malgosa , Núria Armentano

Background

The fungi present in the decaying remains enable a better understanding of the processes of decomposition after death. There are not many studies about fungi on decaying bodies and it is not known which fungal sampling methods are effective.

Aims

The main objective of this study was to find the best method for sampling fungi in carcasses, prove the effectiveness of this method and identify the fungal colonies in animal carcasses from experimental burials.

Methods

Samples from 13 carcasses of Sus scrofa domestica, from the experimental project Taphos-m, were taken with different materials: spatula, sterile swabs and RODAC contact plates.

Results

RODAC contact plates with the RBA culture medium showed higher proliferation of fungal colonies. Thirty genera of fungi were isolated from different substrates (bone, tissue, lime). Most of the fungi genera or groups identified have been described before in the literature, but the substrates they came from were different in some cases.

Conclusions

Sampling with RODAC contact plates was found to be the most effective method, as it provides a nutritional culture medium that may allow growth since the moment of sampling. Fungi colonies grew better in RBA culture medium because bacterial growth is inhibited. Most of the observed fungi are related to the environment but some others have been found related to decomposing bodies for the first time.

腐尸中存在的真菌使我们能够更好地理解人死后的分解过程。关于腐尸真菌的研究并不多,也不知道哪种真菌取样方法是有效的。目的探讨动物尸体真菌取样的最佳方法,验证该方法的有效性,并对实验掩埋动物尸体真菌菌落进行鉴定。方法采用刮刀、无菌拭子、RODAC接触片等不同材料采集13只家蝇标本。结果rodac接触板与RBA培养基具有较高的真菌菌落增殖率。从不同基质(骨、组织、石灰)中分离出30属真菌。大多数已鉴定的真菌属或类群已经在文献中描述过,但在某些情况下,它们来自不同的底物。结论RODAC接触板取样是最有效的方法,因为它提供了一种营养培养基,从取样的那一刻起就可以生长。真菌菌落在RBA培养基中生长较好,因为细菌生长受到抑制。大多数观察到的真菌与环境有关,但也有一些是首次发现与腐烂的尸体有关。
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引用次数: 1
Liver abscess caused by Candida haemulonii var. vulnera. First case report in Peru 念珠菌感染所致肝脓肿。秘鲁报告首例病例
IF 1.9 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.12.001
Giancarlo Pérez-Lazo , Adriana Morales-Moreno , Fernando Soto-Febres , José A. Hidalgo , Edgar Neyra , Beatriz Bustamante

Background

Liver abscesses caused by Candida species are mainly found in immunocompromised hosts, associated with conditions (such as neutropenia and mucositis) that facilitate the spreading of microorganisms from the gastrointestinal tract.

Case report

We present the case of a non-immunocompromised 72-year-old woman with a liver abscess caused by Candida haemulonii var. vulnera, in whom potential associated conditions could be polycystic kidney disease and renal replacement therapy. The patient experienced clinical resolution after percutaneous drainage and treatment with caspofungin.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in Peru of a liver abscess due to Candida haemulonii var. vulnera, a clinical presentation that has not been described previously. This finding should prompt us to establish active surveillance of causal agents of systemic candidiasis.

背景:念珠菌引起的肝脓肿主要见于免疫功能低下的宿主,与促进胃肠道微生物传播的条件(如中性粒细胞减少症和粘膜炎)有关。病例报告:我们报告了一位72岁的非免疫功能低下的女性,她的肝脓肿是由念珠菌易感性引起的,其潜在的相关条件可能是多囊肾病和肾脏替代治疗。经皮引流和卡泊芬净治疗后,患者的临床症状得到缓解。结论:据我们所知,这是秘鲁报道的第一例由易损念珠菌引起的肝脓肿,其临床表现此前未见报道。这一发现应促使我们建立系统性念珠菌病病原的积极监测。
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引用次数: 5
Anfotericina B liposomal en el tratamiento de la leishmaniasis visceral 脂质体两性霉素B治疗内脏利什曼病
IF 1.9 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.04.002
Begoña Monge-Maillo, Rogelio López-Vélez

A review on the current evidence of the efficacy and security of liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been performed. In the Indian subcontinent, a single dose of 10 mg/kg has shown effectiveness in the treatment of VL due to Leishmania donovani. In contrast, higher doses of L-AmB (up to 30 mg/kg) are required in Africa to treat a VL of the same etiology. When treating VL by Leishmania infantum acquired in the Americas and Europe the usual dose of L-AmB is 20-21 mg/kg. In HIV co-infected patients the required doses are usually higher, up to 60 mg/kg, and if it is administered in a prophylactic schedule after the treatment of VL relapses are reduced. L-AmB has shown synergism with other antiparasitic drugs, especially with paromomycin in the Indian subcontinent and with miltefosin in patients coinfected with HIV in East Africa. Due to its efficacy and safety profile, L-AmB is the first therapeutic option for VL.

对两性霉素脂质体B (L-AmB)治疗内脏利什曼病(VL)的有效性和安全性的现有证据进行了综述。在印度次大陆,单次剂量10mg /kg已显示出治疗多诺瓦利什曼原虫引起的VL的有效性。相比之下,在非洲需要更高剂量的L-AmB(高达30毫克/公斤)来治疗相同病因的VL。在美洲和欧洲获得的婴儿利什曼原虫治疗VL时,L-AmB的通常剂量为20- 21mg /kg。在合并感染艾滋病毒的患者中,所需剂量通常较高,可达60毫克/公斤,如果在治疗后以预防性方案给予,则可减少VL复发。L-AmB已显示出与其他抗寄生虫药物的协同作用,特别是在印度次大陆与paromomycin的协同作用以及在东非与合并感染艾滋病毒的患者与miltefosin的协同作用。由于其有效性和安全性,L-AmB是VL的首选治疗方案。
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引用次数: 3
AmBisome, tres retos: infección por Candida auris, infección del sistema nervioso central e infección asociada a biopelículas
IF 1.9 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.03.004
Alba Ruiz-Gaitán , José Luis del Pozo

The treatment of invasive fungal infections remains a challenge, both for the diagnosis and for the need of providing the appropriate antifungal therapy. Candida auris is a pathogenic yeast that is responsible for hospital outbreaks, especially in intensive care units; it is characterized by a high resistance to the antifungal agents and can become multidrug-resistant. At present, the recommended antifungal agents for the invasive infections with this pathogen are echinocandins, always after carrying out an antifungal susceptibility testing. In case of no clinical response or persistent candidemia, the addition of liposomal amphotericin B or isavuconazole may be considered. Both fungal infection of the central nervous system and that associated with biomedical devices remain rare entities affecting mainly immunocompromised patients. However, an increase in their incidence in recent years, along with high morbidity and mortality, has been shown. The treatment of these infections is conditioned by the limited knowledge of the pharmacokinetic properties of antifungals. A better understanding of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of the different antifungals is essential to determine the efficacy of the antifungal agents in the treatment of these infections.

侵袭性真菌感染的治疗仍然是一个挑战,无论是诊断和需要提供适当的抗真菌治疗。耳念珠菌是一种致病性酵母菌,可导致医院暴发,特别是在重症监护病房;它的特点是对抗真菌药物具有高耐药性,并可成为多重耐药。目前,对于该病原菌侵袭性感染,推荐的抗真菌药物是棘白菌素,但必须先进行抗真菌药敏试验。如无临床反应或念珠菌持续存在,可考虑添加两性霉素B脂质体或异戊康唑。中枢神经系统的真菌感染和与生物医学设备相关的真菌感染仍然是罕见的,主要影响免疫功能低下的患者。然而,近年来其发病率有所增加,发病率和死亡率也很高。这些感染的治疗受限于对抗真菌药代动力学特性的有限了解。更好地了解不同抗真菌药物的药代动力学和药效学参数对于确定抗真菌药物治疗这些感染的疗效至关重要。
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引用次数: 2
Mucormicosis: perspectiva de manejo actual y de futuro 毛霉病:当前和未来的管理展望
IF 1.9 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.04.003
María Teresa Martín Gómez , Miguel Salavert Lletí

Infections caused by mucorales, with an increasing incidence after candidiasis and aspergillosis, are characterized by the fast angioinvasion of blood vessels and invasion of neighboring organs or structures. Mucorales most commonly cause rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, digestive or disseminated infections, and their spread is favored by certain underlying diseases (diabetes, kidney failure) and risk factors (neutropenia, immunosuppression, iron overload). These infections have a high mortality rate, over 40% in many series, and the key to their cure depends on both an early diagnosis and an antifungal treatment, associated in most cases with extensive surgical debridement and other adjunctive therapies. Currently, there are international guidelines, not only local ones, for the management of mucormycosis, in which it is considered by consensus and with a strong recommendation that first-line treatment with high-dose liposomal amphotericin B is the best choice. The combined antifungal treatment of polyene agents with triazoles or candins remains in open debate.

粘膜感染在念珠菌病和曲霉菌病之后发病率增加,其特点是血管侵入快,侵犯邻近器官或结构。粘膜菌最常引起鼻、脑、肺、皮肤、消化道或播散性感染,其传播受某些潜在疾病(糖尿病、肾衰竭)和危险因素(中性粒细胞减少症、免疫抑制、铁超载)的影响。这些感染的死亡率很高,在许多系列中超过40%,其治愈的关键取决于早期诊断和抗真菌治疗,在大多数情况下与广泛的手术清创和其他辅助治疗相关。目前,对于毛霉病的治疗,不仅有当地的指导方针,也有国际上的指导方针,其中一致认为并强烈建议使用高剂量两性霉素B脂质体进行一线治疗是最佳选择。多烯类药物与三唑或念珠菌素的联合抗真菌治疗仍存在争议。
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引用次数: 6
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