Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.14
M. Chozin
Multi-environment experiment undertakings in 2020 recognized the stability and adaptability of promising swamp rice genotypes on five types of swampland agroecosystems. Grain yield data recording occurred on 10 swamp rice favorable lines and two check cultivars, transplanted on swamps consisting of alluvial mud, lowland peaty, lowland peat, middle estuarine tidal, and lower estuarine tidal swamp, then subjected to a combined analysis of variance. The AMMI model employed illuminated the effects of environments on a genotype’s grain yield stability across the surroundings. Among the tested conditions, alluvial mud and lowland peat swamps showed as the most predictable environments for rice grain yield evaluation, with the former also representing a rich surrounding, whereas the latter a poor one, despite their provided weak genotype discrimination. Lowland peaty swamp was also a productive environment and conferred strong genotypic discrimination. Both middle and lower estuarine tidal swamps were less fruitful and had rationally durable genotype discrimination. Rice lines UBPR 1, UBPR 8, UPBR 2, and UBPR 4 indicated more desirable than the check cultivars (Inpara 6 and Inpara 4) for grain yield and stability across the test environments. The lines UBPR 3 and UBPR 10 enunciated desirable adaptive performance at the lowland peaty swamp.
{"title":"GRAIN YIELD STABILITY OF SWAMP RICE LINES ACROSS SWAMPLAND AGROECOSYSTEMS IN BENGKULU PROVINCE OF INDONESIA","authors":"M. Chozin","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.14","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-environment experiment undertakings in 2020 recognized the stability and adaptability of promising swamp rice genotypes on five types of swampland agroecosystems. Grain yield data recording occurred on 10 swamp rice favorable lines and two check cultivars, transplanted on swamps consisting of alluvial mud, lowland peaty, lowland peat, middle estuarine tidal, and lower estuarine tidal swamp, then subjected to a combined analysis of variance. The AMMI model employed illuminated the effects of environments on a genotype’s grain yield stability across the surroundings. Among the tested conditions, alluvial mud and lowland peat swamps showed as the most predictable environments for rice grain yield evaluation, with the former also representing a rich surrounding, whereas the latter a poor one, despite their provided weak genotype discrimination. Lowland peaty swamp was also a productive environment and conferred strong genotypic discrimination. Both middle and lower estuarine tidal swamps were less fruitful and had rationally durable genotype discrimination. Rice lines UBPR 1, UBPR 8, UPBR 2, and UBPR 4 indicated more desirable than the check cultivars (Inpara 6 and Inpara 4) for grain yield and stability across the test environments. The lines UBPR 3 and UBPR 10 enunciated desirable adaptive performance at the lowland peaty swamp.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47443636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.23
M. Shehab
The presented research, comprising characterization of nine species of the wild rose (Rosa L.), came from various regions of Northern Iraq. The study proceeded in 2021–2022 at the College of Education of Pure Science, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq. Employing the random amplification polymorphism DNA (RAPD) helped determine the genetic variation relationships among the species using the statistical program Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System (NTSYSpc 2.02). The use of 10 random primers attained amplifications observed with agarose gel electrophoresis. The RAPD primers generated 523 random bands, making it possible to separate Rosa species from each other. Among the studied species, the genetic distance ranged from 0.067 to 1.027. The least genetic dimension (0.067) came from the species Rosa canina var. deseglisei and Rosa canina var. canina, with the highest genetic breadth reaching 1.027 between Rosa x centifolia and Rosa foetida. The dendrogram revealed three main clusters based on the genetic distance values, with the third one getting split into three distinct groups. RAPD proved as an effective method for studying the relatedness among the species.
本研究对来自伊拉克北部不同地区的九种野生玫瑰（Rosa L.）进行了鉴定。这项研究于2021年至2022年在伊拉克摩苏尔摩苏尔大学纯科学教育学院进行。利用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）技术，利用统计程序Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System（NTSYSpc 2.02），确定了物种间的遗传变异关系。RAPD引物共产生523条随机带，使蔷薇品种间的分离成为可能。在所研究的物种中，遗传距离在0.067到1.027之间。遗传维度最小（0.067）的品种为犬蔷薇（Rosa canina var.desgliesei）和犬蔷薇（罗莎canina var.caina），遗传宽度最高的品种为百叶罗莎（Rosa x centifolia）和佛蒂达（Rosa foetida），达1.027。根据遗传距离值，树状图显示了三个主要聚类，第三个聚类分为三个不同的组。RAPD是研究物种亲缘关系的有效方法。
{"title":"MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION OF THE GENUS ROSA L. (ROSACEAE) GROWN IN NORTHERN IRAQ BY USING RAPD MARKERS","authors":"M. Shehab","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.23","url":null,"abstract":"The presented research, comprising characterization of nine species of the wild rose (Rosa L.), came from various regions of Northern Iraq. The study proceeded in 2021–2022 at the College of Education of Pure Science, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq. Employing the random amplification polymorphism DNA (RAPD) helped determine the genetic variation relationships among the species using the statistical program Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System (NTSYSpc 2.02). The use of 10 random primers attained amplifications observed with agarose gel electrophoresis. The RAPD primers generated 523 random bands, making it possible to separate Rosa species from each other. Among the studied species, the genetic distance ranged from 0.067 to 1.027. The least genetic dimension (0.067) came from the species Rosa canina var. deseglisei and Rosa canina var. canina, with the highest genetic breadth reaching 1.027 between Rosa x centifolia and Rosa foetida. The dendrogram revealed three main clusters based on the genetic distance values, with the third one getting split into three distinct groups. RAPD proved as an effective method for studying the relatedness among the species.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47055270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.9
S. E. Mustafa
Brassica rapa is an important oilseed crop in Pakistan. It is a rich source of oil and contains 40%–46% oil. In addition, its meal has 38%–40% protein. Given their high levels of erucic acid and glucosinolate, mustard and rapeseed oil is unhealthy as regular cooking oil. A dire need to exploit the genetic variability of rapeseed germplasm is necessary to improve the performance of cultivars. The line × tester analysis helped estimate various types of gene actions that are important to quantitative traits. The key to successful research is selecting suitable lines and testers and designing good mating patterns. Choosing and developing genotypes with high yield and fatty acid profiles are the major concern of rapeseed breeders. The current research on hybridization and evaluation of Brassica rapa accessions sought better harvest and its related traits from the selected germplasm. The combining ability effects determination used line × tester analysis in rapeseed. The accessions’ variability analysis exhibited extremely significant differences in yield and related traits. Recorded data for different morphological and yield-related qualities provided days till 50% flowering, the number of major branches per plant, and the number of secondary branches per plant had positive and significant general combining ability estimates, and all yield-related variables had extremely notable specific combining ability estimates. All the yield-related characteristics displayed a favorable and substantial connection in the examined germplasm. Among the lines, 28244, 40980, and 40981 occurred to be the best general combiners showing the additive gene action. The cross combinations, 40977 × 26283, 40979 × 26283, and 40981 × 26283, indicated significant specific combining ability effects, which showed the non-additive genetic effects of total variance due to the dominance and/or epistasis. The results suggested that the research material used in the remarkable study can benefit by improving yield and fatty acids-related components and can further enhance upcoming breeding programs based on strong particular combining ability impacts.
{"title":"ESTIMATION OF COMBINING ABILITY EFFECTS FOR YIELD AND FATTY ACID-RELATED TRAITS IN BRASSICA RAPA USING LINE BY TESTER ANALYSIS","authors":"S. E. Mustafa","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.9","url":null,"abstract":"Brassica rapa is an important oilseed crop in Pakistan. It is a rich source of oil and contains 40%–46% oil. In addition, its meal has 38%–40% protein. Given their high levels of erucic acid and glucosinolate, mustard and rapeseed oil is unhealthy as regular cooking oil. A dire need to exploit the genetic variability of rapeseed germplasm is necessary to improve the performance of cultivars. The line × tester analysis helped estimate various types of gene actions that are important to quantitative traits. The key to successful research is selecting suitable lines and testers and designing good mating patterns. Choosing and developing genotypes with high yield and fatty acid profiles are the major concern of rapeseed breeders. The current research on hybridization and evaluation of Brassica rapa accessions sought better harvest and its related traits from the selected germplasm. The combining ability effects determination used line × tester analysis in rapeseed. The accessions’ variability analysis exhibited extremely significant differences in yield and related traits. Recorded data for different morphological and yield-related qualities provided days till 50% flowering, the number of major branches per plant, and the number of secondary branches per plant had positive and significant general combining ability estimates, and all yield-related variables had extremely notable specific combining ability estimates. All the yield-related characteristics displayed a favorable and substantial connection in the examined germplasm. Among the lines, 28244, 40980, and 40981 occurred to be the best general combiners showing the additive gene action. The cross combinations, 40977 × 26283, 40979 × 26283, and 40981 × 26283, indicated significant specific combining ability effects, which showed the non-additive genetic effects of total variance due to the dominance and/or epistasis. The results suggested that the research material used in the remarkable study can benefit by improving yield and fatty acids-related components and can further enhance upcoming breeding programs based on strong particular combining ability impacts.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41854774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.31
N. Hassn
The concentration of phenolic compounds is researchable using chemotaxonomy as a valuable approach to studying the pharmacological potential of different crop plants. In line with this, the objective of the constructive study was to investigate the phenolic compounds concentration in 10 taxa belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae, earlier cultivated in mid-February 2021 at the College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq. The taxa included Cucurbita pepo Linnaeus, Cucurbita maxima Duchesne, Lagenaria siceraria L.C.V. Local Molina, Lagenaria siceraria L.C.V. Syria Molina, Cucumis sativus Linnaeus, Cucumis melo Linnaeus, Cucumis melo flexuosus Linnaeus, Citrullus lanatus (Thumberg) Matsum and Nakai, Citrullus colocynthis Schrader, and Luffa cylindrica Mill. Analyzing these compounds helped to gain a deeper understanding of the chemical composition of these plants, which may contribute to identifying their medicinal properties and potential applications in the field of pharmacology. The analysis of leaves of these taxa ran through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for 14 phenolic compounds, i.e., Apigenin, Catechin, Epicatechin, Kaempferol, Luteolin, Quercetin, Rutin, and Caffeic, Chlorogenic, Ferulic, Gallic, Hydroxy benzoic, P-coumaric, and Vanillic acids. A comprehensive study analyzed 10 taxa belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae using HPLC, revealing their heterogeneity and significant variations in the content and concentration of various phenolic compounds. The results of this analysis unveiled the identification of 14 compounds, primarily relying on the presence of standard material. Notably, the main component observed in this study was caffeic acid, showcasing its potential utility for taxonomists and pharmacologists and addressing diverse taxonomic challenges. These findings hold promising implications for the field, offering valuable insights into the intricate world of Cucurbitaceae and opening avenues for further research and application. Results further confirmed that the leaves of Cucurbitaceae plants are rich sources of nutrients and can significantly contribute to nutrient requirements and human health care.
酚类化合物的浓度可以通过化学分类学进行研究，这是研究不同作物药理潜力的一种有价值的方法。与此相一致，这项建设性研究的目的是调查葫芦科10个分类群中的酚类化合物浓度，葫芦科早期于2021年2月中旬在伊拉克摩苏尔摩苏尔大学农林学院种植。分类群包括西葫芦（Cucurbita pepo Linnaeus）、大南瓜（Cucurpita maxima Duchesne。分析这些化合物有助于更深入地了解这些植物的化学成分，这可能有助于确定它们的药用特性和在药理学领域的潜在应用。通过高效液相色谱法对这些分类群的叶片进行了14种酚类化合物的分析，即芹菜素、儿茶素、表儿茶素、山奈酚、木犀草素、槲皮素、芦丁和咖啡酸、绿原酸、阿魏酸、没食子酸、羟基苯甲酸、对香豆酸和香草酸。一项综合研究使用HPLC分析了葫芦科的10个分类群，揭示了它们的异质性以及各种酚类化合物含量和浓度的显著变化。该分析结果揭示了14种化合物的鉴定，主要依赖于标准物质的存在。值得注意的是，这项研究中观察到的主要成分是咖啡酸，这表明了它对分类学家和药理学家的潜在效用，并解决了各种分类挑战。这些发现对该领域具有很好的意义，为深入了解葫芦科复杂的世界提供了宝贵的见解，并为进一步的研究和应用开辟了途径。结果进一步证实，葫芦科植物的叶片是丰富的营养来源，对营养需求和人类健康有显著贡献。
{"title":"PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE AS CHEMOTAXONOMIC MARKERS IN THE CUCURBITACEAE SPECIES CULTIVATED IN IRAQ","authors":"N. Hassn","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.31","url":null,"abstract":"The concentration of phenolic compounds is researchable using chemotaxonomy as a valuable approach to studying the pharmacological potential of different crop plants. In line with this, the objective of the constructive study was to investigate the phenolic compounds concentration in 10 taxa belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae, earlier cultivated in mid-February 2021 at the College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq. The taxa included Cucurbita pepo Linnaeus, Cucurbita maxima Duchesne, Lagenaria siceraria L.C.V. Local Molina, Lagenaria siceraria L.C.V. Syria Molina, Cucumis sativus Linnaeus, Cucumis melo Linnaeus, Cucumis melo flexuosus Linnaeus, Citrullus lanatus (Thumberg) Matsum and Nakai, Citrullus colocynthis Schrader, and Luffa cylindrica Mill. Analyzing these compounds helped to gain a deeper understanding of the chemical composition of these plants, which may contribute to identifying their medicinal properties and potential applications in the field of pharmacology. The analysis of leaves of these taxa ran through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for 14 phenolic compounds, i.e., Apigenin, Catechin, Epicatechin, Kaempferol, Luteolin, Quercetin, Rutin, and Caffeic, Chlorogenic, Ferulic, Gallic, Hydroxy benzoic, P-coumaric, and Vanillic acids. A comprehensive study analyzed 10 taxa belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae using HPLC, revealing their heterogeneity and significant variations in the content and concentration of various phenolic compounds. The results of this analysis unveiled the identification of 14 compounds, primarily relying on the presence of standard material. Notably, the main component observed in this study was caffeic acid, showcasing its potential utility for taxonomists and pharmacologists and addressing diverse taxonomic challenges. These findings hold promising implications for the field, offering valuable insights into the intricate world of Cucurbitaceae and opening avenues for further research and application. Results further confirmed that the leaves of Cucurbitaceae plants are rich sources of nutrients and can significantly contribute to nutrient requirements and human health care.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44530690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.19
H. H. Blaw, S. J. Jassim, A. A. Makki, Dr. Osama Osman Atallah
The conduct of a field trial in the 2021–2022 cropping season assessed the economic feasibility and effect of using locally produced microbial biofertilizers on the growth and yield traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The manures of Providencia vermicola, Alcaligenes faecalis, and Raoultella planticola served as sample treatments in the study. The research was in a randomized complete block design at the Agricultural Experiment and Research Station (31°20′19″N 45°17′20″E), College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, Iraq. Microbial fertilizers were the first factor, with the second factor comprising two levels of mineral fertilizers, i.e., a) no chemical fertilizer and b) using half of the recommended chemical fertilizer, addressing the interactions between biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers, having a two-factor experiment. Field results showed that triple biofertilization consisting of A. faecalis, R. planticola, and P. vermicola proved superior based on grain yield and biomass using half of the recommended fertilizer (P7) (8.038 t ha-1 and 24.938 t ha-1 ). In turn, the economic analysis results were consistent with the technical outcomes, as treatment P7 recorded the highest profit amounting to USD 483.625 ha-1 . In addition to recording the highest revenue per ha at the rate of 6.2477, treatment P7 for the level of fertilization F1 recorded the maximum level, amounting to about USD 144.284, 165,298.65, and 48,362.5 ha-1 for the criteria of the invested USD return, productive profitability, and added value, respectively.
{"title":"ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND EFFECT OF TRIPLE BACTERIAL AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD TRAITS OF WHEAT","authors":"H. H. Blaw, S. J. Jassim, A. A. Makki, Dr. Osama Osman Atallah","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.19","url":null,"abstract":"The conduct of a field trial in the 2021–2022 cropping season assessed the economic feasibility and effect of using locally produced microbial biofertilizers on the growth and yield traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The manures of Providencia vermicola, Alcaligenes faecalis, and Raoultella planticola served as sample treatments in the study. The research was in a randomized complete block design at the Agricultural Experiment and Research Station (31°20′19″N 45°17′20″E), College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, Iraq. Microbial fertilizers were the first factor, with the second factor comprising two levels of mineral fertilizers, i.e., a) no chemical fertilizer and b) using half of the recommended chemical fertilizer, addressing the interactions between biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers, having a two-factor experiment. Field results showed that triple biofertilization consisting of A. faecalis, R. planticola, and P. vermicola proved superior based on grain yield and biomass using half of the recommended fertilizer (P7) (8.038 t ha-1 and 24.938 t ha-1 ). In turn, the economic analysis results were consistent with the technical outcomes, as treatment P7 recorded the highest profit amounting to USD 483.625 ha-1 . In addition to recording the highest revenue per ha at the rate of 6.2477, treatment P7 for the level of fertilization F1 recorded the maximum level, amounting to about USD 144.284, 165,298.65, and 48,362.5 ha-1 for the criteria of the invested USD return, productive profitability, and added value, respectively.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43869393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.2
H. Aswidinnoor, R. Listiyanto, W. Suwarno
New plant-type (NPT) rice can increase grain yield globally. Although many studies have shown the association between harvest and yield-related traits in rice, it remains obscure in the case of NPT rice. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between agronomic and yield features in new plant-type rice based on a 12-years multi-experiment. A large dataset of 704 NPT rice lines of various generations (F4 to F10), derived from 24 different populations, underwent study. The analysis of variance showed a highly significant population effect (P < 0.01) on all traits studied. The NPT rice populations had groupings into four clusters, with a highly substantial cluster effect (P < 0.01) on the number of total tillers (NTT), number of total grains (NTG), number of filled grains (NFG), and thousand-grain weight (TGW). Standard best NPT lines from each experiment achieved an average of 1.67 t ha-1 or 26% higher yield than the Ciherang variety. Determining the yield advantage of NPT lines was by higher plant height (PH) (r = 0.37), panicle length (PL) (r = 0.15), NTG (r = 0.28), NFG (r = 0.28), TGW (r = 0.10), and lower days to harvest (DTH) (r = -0.10). The principal component analysis biplot revealed that NFG could better serve as a selection characteristic for enhancing grain yield in developing NPT rice adapted to irrigated tropical ecosystems.
{"title":"GENETIC ARCHITECTURE OF NEW PLANT TYPE RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) LINES BASED ON A 12-YEARS MULTI-EXPERIMENT","authors":"H. Aswidinnoor, R. Listiyanto, W. Suwarno","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"New plant-type (NPT) rice can increase grain yield globally. Although many studies have shown the association between harvest and yield-related traits in rice, it remains obscure in the case of NPT rice. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between agronomic and yield features in new plant-type rice based on a 12-years multi-experiment. A large dataset of 704 NPT rice lines of various generations (F4 to F10), derived from 24 different populations, underwent study. The analysis of variance showed a highly significant population effect (P < 0.01) on all traits studied. The NPT rice populations had groupings into four clusters, with a highly substantial cluster effect (P < 0.01) on the number of total tillers (NTT), number of total grains (NTG), number of filled grains (NFG), and thousand-grain weight (TGW). Standard best NPT lines from each experiment achieved an average of 1.67 t ha-1 or 26% higher yield than the Ciherang variety. Determining the yield advantage of NPT lines was by higher plant height (PH) (r = 0.37), panicle length (PL) (r = 0.15), NTG (r = 0.28), NFG (r = 0.28), TGW (r = 0.10), and lower days to harvest (DTH) (r = -0.10). The principal component analysis biplot revealed that NFG could better serve as a selection characteristic for enhancing grain yield in developing NPT rice adapted to irrigated tropical ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43278814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.25
M. M. Hussain, A. Saeed, M. Shakeel, A. Rauf, S. Gul, M. Mohibullah, M. Munir, I. Khan, M. Yasin, Dr. Sajjad Hussain Qureshi
Lead nitrate has reports of significantly inhibiting plant growth. Early exploration of the genotypic difference for lead nitrate stress in tobacco has started. The presented study had eight tobacco genotypes subjected to 200 μM lead nitrate (Pb [NO3]2) stress in a hydroponic culture. Lead stress treatment to plants for 14 days had data recording at three times intervals of stressed plants. Assessing photosynthetic and antioxidant enzymes’ activities was in a time series order of one day, seven days, and 14 days. One-day, seven-day, and fourteen-day-old seedlings gained treatment of 200 μM lead nitrate stress and control. Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) values for most genotypes decreased, while oxidant and anti-oxidant enzymes increased activity. Chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, and total chlorophyll evaluated after lead nitrate toxicity showed reduced activity in studied tobacco genotypes compared with control as time passed. All chlorophyll contents, i.e., chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll, declined with a longer span in lead nitrate solution. Genotype QVA-20 could benefit lead-salt tolerance and susceptible genotype ‘long chang’ cigarette based on chlorophyll content and SPAD values. Chlorophyll a capacity decreased as lead exposure to plants increased, but chlorophyll b increased in all genotypes on the 15th day. The MDA (malondialdehyde) content increased in all tobacco genotypes with increased lead nitrate exposure. Meanwhile, SOD (superoxide dismutase) contents decreased in genotypes RG-8, E1, and X6 with increased time, but POD (peroxidase) contents increased in all genotypes on the 14th day. Genotypes RG-8, E1, and X6 proved considerably tolerant of lead toxicity at 200 µM.
{"title":"DYNAMICS OF LEAD TOLERANCE IN TOBACCO (NICOTIANA TABACUM L.) GENOTYPES","authors":"M. M. Hussain, A. Saeed, M. Shakeel, A. Rauf, S. Gul, M. Mohibullah, M. Munir, I. Khan, M. Yasin, Dr. Sajjad Hussain Qureshi","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.25","url":null,"abstract":"Lead nitrate has reports of significantly inhibiting plant growth. Early exploration of the genotypic difference for lead nitrate stress in tobacco has started. The presented study had eight tobacco genotypes subjected to 200 μM lead nitrate (Pb [NO3]2) stress in a hydroponic culture. Lead stress treatment to plants for 14 days had data recording at three times intervals of stressed plants. Assessing photosynthetic and antioxidant enzymes’ activities was in a time series order of one day, seven days, and 14 days. One-day, seven-day, and fourteen-day-old seedlings gained treatment of 200 μM lead nitrate stress and control. Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) values for most genotypes decreased, while oxidant and anti-oxidant enzymes increased activity. Chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, and total chlorophyll evaluated after lead nitrate toxicity showed reduced activity in studied tobacco genotypes compared with control as time passed. All chlorophyll contents, i.e., chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll, declined with a longer span in lead nitrate solution. Genotype QVA-20 could benefit lead-salt tolerance and susceptible genotype ‘long chang’ cigarette based on chlorophyll content and SPAD values. Chlorophyll a capacity decreased as lead exposure to plants increased, but chlorophyll b increased in all genotypes on the 15th day. The MDA (malondialdehyde) content increased in all tobacco genotypes with increased lead nitrate exposure. Meanwhile, SOD (superoxide dismutase) contents decreased in genotypes RG-8, E1, and X6 with increased time, but POD (peroxidase) contents increased in all genotypes on the 14th day. Genotypes RG-8, E1, and X6 proved considerably tolerant of lead toxicity at 200 µM.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45243033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.3
M. Kashif
Wheat is a globally significant cereal crop crucial for ensuring food security. Plant breeders strive to enhance yield potential by developing optimized and stable genotypes. In Pakistan, an agricultural country facing food security challenges, annual multi-environment trials (MET)’s systematic conduct transpire across various research stations in Punjab province. Precise data analysis of these trials is paramount in strengthening the national agricultural research system. The primary objective of this study was to identify stable wheat genotypes by analyzing data from MET trials in 31 distinct environments within the Punjab province during 2020–2021. The study comprised 50 wheat genotypes laid out under an alpha lattice design. The collected data underwent an analysis based on additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) in combination with other stability measures. The findings revealed that genotype G41 (HYT100-27) exhibited superior performance, ranking within the top five across all five stability measures. Likewise, G27 (TWS17042) and G22 (HYT100-100) genotypes have four stability measures recommending these. Notably, G1 (HYT100-74) demonstrated the highest average yield across all locations and gained support from two additional stability measures. Therefore, G41, G27, G22, and G1 emerged as the most stable and productive genotypes among all those studied. Regarding the environments, MLSI proved the most desirable, followed by RARL. Conversely, the ARFG and ARFK resulted as the least ideal environments.
{"title":"SELECTION OF STABLE WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER DIFFERENT AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN","authors":"M. Kashif","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat is a globally significant cereal crop crucial for ensuring food security. Plant breeders strive to enhance yield potential by developing optimized and stable genotypes. In Pakistan, an agricultural country facing food security challenges, annual multi-environment trials (MET)’s systematic conduct transpire across various research stations in Punjab province. Precise data analysis of these trials is paramount in strengthening the national agricultural research system. The primary objective of this study was to identify stable wheat genotypes by analyzing data from MET trials in 31 distinct environments within the Punjab province during 2020–2021. The study comprised 50 wheat genotypes laid out under an alpha lattice design. The collected data underwent an analysis based on additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) in combination with other stability measures. The findings revealed that genotype G41 (HYT100-27) exhibited superior performance, ranking within the top five across all five stability measures. Likewise, G27 (TWS17042) and G22 (HYT100-100) genotypes have four stability measures recommending these. Notably, G1 (HYT100-74) demonstrated the highest average yield across all locations and gained support from two additional stability measures. Therefore, G41, G27, G22, and G1 emerged as the most stable and productive genotypes among all those studied. Regarding the environments, MLSI proved the most desirable, followed by RARL. Conversely, the ARFG and ARFK resulted as the least ideal environments.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48231867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.27
A. Abed
Catharanthus roseus L. plant is highly beneficial as chemotherapy drugs due to its rich alkaloids. Nanoparticles (NPs) have served as an abiotic elicitor; therefore, these chemical inputs stimulate various secondary metabolites. The present-day study sought to develop a callus culture and its utilization by applying the NPs to enhance the alkaloids in C. roseus. For callus induction, in vivo, leaves’ inoculation on MS medium had different concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4- D), Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and Benzylaminopurine (BAP). After this stage, the induced callus culture gained stimulating by different rates (0, 1, and 2 mg L-1 ) of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs). The highest fresh and dry weights of calluses resulted in a combination of 0.5 mg L-1 BAP and 0.5 mg L-1 2,4-D, regarded as the best treatments for callus induction. The study showed no significant effect of NPs on callus growth compared with control. HPLC analysis revealed that field-grown plant leaves had the lowest alkaloid levels compared with elicitorfree callus cultures. However, all NP treatments significantly increased alkaloid contents versus the control. Ag-NPs were more effective than TiO2-NPs in enhancing alkaloid biosynthesis. The highest range of vincristine and catharanthine (0.736 and 1.378 mg g-1 , respectively) emerged with 1 mg L-1 Ag-NPs, while 2 mg L-1 Ag-NPs increased vindoline and vinblastine contents (1.30 and 0.949 mg g-1 , respectively). The control exhibited lower alkaloid contents of vindoline, vincristine, catharanthine, and vinblastine (0.891, 0.492, 0.974, and 0.307 mg g-1 , respectively).
{"title":"ALKALOID ACCUMULATION IN CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS L. IN VITRO CULTURE ENHANCED VIA Ag AND TiO2 NANOPARTICLES","authors":"A. Abed","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.27","url":null,"abstract":"Catharanthus roseus L. plant is highly beneficial as chemotherapy drugs due to its rich alkaloids. Nanoparticles (NPs) have served as an abiotic elicitor; therefore, these chemical inputs stimulate various secondary metabolites. The present-day study sought to develop a callus culture and its utilization by applying the NPs to enhance the alkaloids in C. roseus. For callus induction, in vivo, leaves’ inoculation on MS medium had different concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4- D), Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and Benzylaminopurine (BAP). After this stage, the induced callus culture gained stimulating by different rates (0, 1, and 2 mg L-1 ) of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs). The highest fresh and dry weights of calluses resulted in a combination of 0.5 mg L-1 BAP and 0.5 mg L-1 2,4-D, regarded as the best treatments for callus induction. The study showed no significant effect of NPs on callus growth compared with control. HPLC analysis revealed that field-grown plant leaves had the lowest alkaloid levels compared with elicitorfree callus cultures. However, all NP treatments significantly increased alkaloid contents versus the control. Ag-NPs were more effective than TiO2-NPs in enhancing alkaloid biosynthesis. The highest range of vincristine and catharanthine (0.736 and 1.378 mg g-1 , respectively) emerged with 1 mg L-1 Ag-NPs, while 2 mg L-1 Ag-NPs increased vindoline and vinblastine contents (1.30 and 0.949 mg g-1 , respectively). The control exhibited lower alkaloid contents of vindoline, vincristine, catharanthine, and vinblastine (0.891, 0.492, 0.974, and 0.307 mg g-1 , respectively).","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49486726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.16
M. Zahid
Avena sativa L. is a quick-growing, highly nutritious fodder of cool climates, grown for various purposes, and can meet feed demands in scarce periods. The study aimed to identify potential genotypes that offer higher fodder yields. Over three years (2018–2020), 225 genotypes collected from the USDA and FRI were analyzed for genetic diversity based on morphological and yield-related characteristics. The experiments followed an alpha lattice design, with data recorded before panicle emergence. The assessment revealed significant genetic variability among the accessions for the studied traits. The principal component analysis demonstrated that three primary components explained the bulk of the total variability each year. Genotypes with high green fodder yield, tillers per plant, leaves per plant, and plant height acquired positions in the right quadrants of the biplots for 2018 and 2020. Positive correlations observed between tillers per plant and leaves per plant and among plant height, tillers per plant, leaves per plant, and green fodder yield. Exotic and local genotypes were widely distributed across all four quadrants, indicating substantial genetic diversity. The cluster analysis classified 225 oat genotypes into 10 groups based on phenotypic characteristics. Clusters II, VIII, IX, and X displayed higher mean values for most studied traits. Clusters with maximum inter-cluster distances, such as Clusters II and X in 2018, I and X in 2019, and III and VIII in 2020, could be useful in future hybridization programs. Genotypes 198 (Mustang) and 219 (Boppy) provided superior fodder yield than standard checks. These genotypes need further evaluation in different locations for sustainable performance and recommendations for general cultivation.
{"title":"MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS FOR EVALUATING DIVERSITY IN AVENA SATIVA GERMPLASM","authors":"M. Zahid","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.16","url":null,"abstract":"Avena sativa L. is a quick-growing, highly nutritious fodder of cool climates, grown for various purposes, and can meet feed demands in scarce periods. The study aimed to identify potential genotypes that offer higher fodder yields. Over three years (2018–2020), 225 genotypes collected from the USDA and FRI were analyzed for genetic diversity based on morphological and yield-related characteristics. The experiments followed an alpha lattice design, with data recorded before panicle emergence. The assessment revealed significant genetic variability among the accessions for the studied traits. The principal component analysis demonstrated that three primary components explained the bulk of the total variability each year. Genotypes with high green fodder yield, tillers per plant, leaves per plant, and plant height acquired positions in the right quadrants of the biplots for 2018 and 2020. Positive correlations observed between tillers per plant and leaves per plant and among plant height, tillers per plant, leaves per plant, and green fodder yield. Exotic and local genotypes were widely distributed across all four quadrants, indicating substantial genetic diversity. The cluster analysis classified 225 oat genotypes into 10 groups based on phenotypic characteristics. Clusters II, VIII, IX, and X displayed higher mean values for most studied traits. Clusters with maximum inter-cluster distances, such as Clusters II and X in 2018, I and X in 2019, and III and VIII in 2020, could be useful in future hybridization programs. Genotypes 198 (Mustang) and 219 (Boppy) provided superior fodder yield than standard checks. These genotypes need further evaluation in different locations for sustainable performance and recommendations for general cultivation.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47363211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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