Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.36
I KUDAIBERGENOVA, A KALASHNIKOV, N BALGABAEV, V ZHARKOV, E ANGOLD
Nowadays, drip irrigation is a promising technology for optimizing plant development conditions and allowing the introduction of necessary nutrients to plants. The study aimed to establish the effects of drip irrigation with various levels of foliar dressing of mineral fertilizer Kristalon on maize (Zea mays L.) and achieve its maximum genetic potential for grain yield to enhance overall production. A field experiment implies exploratory research and quantifies the effects of drip irrigation with foliar Kristalon dressing to validate and introduce scientific achievements in agricultural production. Various technological methods applied to corn cultivation sought to increase its green mass and yield. In the experimental treatments, the corn crop irrigation engaged drip irrigation with different foliar dressings of Kristalon in the phases of the 5th and 11th tillering leaf and stem elongation with the norms of 2, 4, and 6 kg Kristalon ha-1, respectively, in comparison with the control treatment (no Kristalon foliar dressing). Corn foliar treatment with fertilizer Kristalon preparation with a norm of 2, 4, and 6 kg ha-1 produced grain yields of 11.43, 12.27, and 12.33 t ha-1, respectively, compared with the control treatment (9.67 t ha-1). The fertilizer Kristalon at 2, 4, and 6 kg ha-1 produced 18.2%, 26.9%, and 27.5% more grain yield than the control. However, the Kristalon foliar dressing at 6 kg ha-1 did not significantly increase the maize grain yield, and there was an increase of 0.6% compared with the 4 kg ha-1 level. Therefore, corn foliar dressing with fertilizer Kristalon at 4 kg ha-1 is an option for better production under the environmental conditions of South Kazakhstan.
目前，滴灌是一项很有前途的技术，可以优化植物的生长条件，并使植物获得必要的营养。本研究旨在确定不同水平叶面追肥磷肥Kristalon滴灌对玉米(Zea mays L.)产量的影响，并最大限度地发挥其对籽粒产量的遗传潜力，以提高整体产量。田间试验是一项探索性的研究，量化了叶面水晶石灌溉滴灌的效果，以验证和引入农业生产中的科学成果。应用于玉米栽培的各种技术方法寻求增加其绿色质量和产量。在5分蘖期和11分蘖期，与对照处理(不施施克里斯塔隆叶面处理)相比，玉米作物灌溉采用不同施施克里斯塔隆叶面处理的滴灌方式，施施量分别为2、4和6 kg克里斯塔隆ha-1。与对照处理(9.67 t ha-1)相比，施Kristalon肥2、4和6 kg ha-1的玉米叶片处理籽粒产量分别为11.43、12.27和12.33 t ha-1。施Kristalon 2、4和6 kg hm -1比对照增产18.2%、26.9%和27.5%。6 kg hm -1处理对玉米产量的提高不显著，比4 kg hm -1处理提高了0.6%。因此，在南哈萨克斯坦的环境条件下，玉米叶面追肥4 kg ha-1 Kristalon是提高产量的一种选择。
{"title":"EFFECT OF DRIP IRRIGATION WITH FOLIAR DRESSING OF MINERAL FERTILIZER KRISTALON AND THEIR IMPACT ON MAIZE GRAIN YIELD IN SOUTHERN KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"I KUDAIBERGENOVA, A KALASHNIKOV, N BALGABAEV, V ZHARKOV, E ANGOLD","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.36","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, drip irrigation is a promising technology for optimizing plant development conditions and allowing the introduction of necessary nutrients to plants. The study aimed to establish the effects of drip irrigation with various levels of foliar dressing of mineral fertilizer Kristalon on maize (Zea mays L.) and achieve its maximum genetic potential for grain yield to enhance overall production. A field experiment implies exploratory research and quantifies the effects of drip irrigation with foliar Kristalon dressing to validate and introduce scientific achievements in agricultural production. Various technological methods applied to corn cultivation sought to increase its green mass and yield. In the experimental treatments, the corn crop irrigation engaged drip irrigation with different foliar dressings of Kristalon in the phases of the 5th and 11th tillering leaf and stem elongation with the norms of 2, 4, and 6 kg Kristalon ha-1, respectively, in comparison with the control treatment (no Kristalon foliar dressing). Corn foliar treatment with fertilizer Kristalon preparation with a norm of 2, 4, and 6 kg ha-1 produced grain yields of 11.43, 12.27, and 12.33 t ha-1, respectively, compared with the control treatment (9.67 t ha-1). The fertilizer Kristalon at 2, 4, and 6 kg ha-1 produced 18.2%, 26.9%, and 27.5% more grain yield than the control. However, the Kristalon foliar dressing at 6 kg ha-1 did not significantly increase the maize grain yield, and there was an increase of 0.6% compared with the 4 kg ha-1 level. Therefore, corn foliar dressing with fertilizer Kristalon at 4 kg ha-1 is an option for better production under the environmental conditions of South Kazakhstan.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":"32 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135928462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.34
RK ZHAPAYEV, GT KUNPIYAEVA, MG MUSTAFAEV, AS DOSZHANOVA, AS MAYBASOVA, BT ISABAY, GA MYRZABAYEVA, ASH OMAROVA
For improvement and rational use of rainfed lands, a study on the influence of different tillage methods proceeded on the soil-water physical relationship and soil agrochemical properties in Southeast Kazakhstan. In the arable soil layer (0–30 cm), the soil density during the studied crop’s life from sowing to harvesting, enhanced to a medium compacted state with the traditional method of tillage (1.28–1.29 g/cm3), slightly higher with the minimum tillage (1.30–1.31 g/cm3), and the highest with zero tillage (1.32–1.33 g/cm3). Tillage with better crumbling, dissolution, and superior ingestion of plant vestiges in the cultivated soil layer contributed to a slight decrease in soil density, both with traditional and minimum tillage regimes. Given the least rainfall in summer, there was a decline in the productive moisture reserves in the soil with customary tillage (15.9–34.5 mm). However, the soil moisture enhanced gradually with reduced tillage, i.e., minimal tillage (20.7–36.7 mm) and zero tillage (29.8–54.8 mm). The nitrate nitrogen content in the soil also decreased from the initial state to the cultivated crops’ harvest, and a significant decrease emerged with zero tillage. The prolonged rainless period, accompanied by a decline in relative air humidity, soil moisture, and temperature increases, affected plants’ physiological processes and, eventually, the studied crops’ yield. In the studied crops, on average, acquiring the highest yield of 1.76 t/ha was with minimal tillage. Based on two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the contributed share of the crops in the grain yield formation was according to crop season, ranging from 0.73% to 2.89%, and the soil cultivation methods’ share was 83.3%–93.8%. The grain yield formation has a greater dependence on the tillage regimes, although that reliance might vary in association with weather conditions during the crop life. In rainfed conditions of Southeast Kazakhstan, zero tillage results in a significant reduction in nitrate nitrogen compared with conventional and minimum tillage. Therefore, with no tillage, more nitrogen fertilizer is necessary than usual plowing and the application of potash fertilizers, regardless of tillage methods.
{"title":"DIFFERENT TILLAGE REGIMES' EFFECT ON SOIL-WATER PHYSICAL AND AGROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES UNDER THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS OF SOUTH EAST KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"RK ZHAPAYEV, GT KUNPIYAEVA, MG MUSTAFAEV, AS DOSZHANOVA, AS MAYBASOVA, BT ISABAY, GA MYRZABAYEVA, ASH OMAROVA","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.34","url":null,"abstract":"For improvement and rational use of rainfed lands, a study on the influence of different tillage methods proceeded on the soil-water physical relationship and soil agrochemical properties in Southeast Kazakhstan. In the arable soil layer (0–30 cm), the soil density during the studied crop’s life from sowing to harvesting, enhanced to a medium compacted state with the traditional method of tillage (1.28–1.29 g/cm3), slightly higher with the minimum tillage (1.30–1.31 g/cm3), and the highest with zero tillage (1.32–1.33 g/cm3). Tillage with better crumbling, dissolution, and superior ingestion of plant vestiges in the cultivated soil layer contributed to a slight decrease in soil density, both with traditional and minimum tillage regimes. Given the least rainfall in summer, there was a decline in the productive moisture reserves in the soil with customary tillage (15.9–34.5 mm). However, the soil moisture enhanced gradually with reduced tillage, i.e., minimal tillage (20.7–36.7 mm) and zero tillage (29.8–54.8 mm). The nitrate nitrogen content in the soil also decreased from the initial state to the cultivated crops’ harvest, and a significant decrease emerged with zero tillage. The prolonged rainless period, accompanied by a decline in relative air humidity, soil moisture, and temperature increases, affected plants’ physiological processes and, eventually, the studied crops’ yield. In the studied crops, on average, acquiring the highest yield of 1.76 t/ha was with minimal tillage. Based on two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the contributed share of the crops in the grain yield formation was according to crop season, ranging from 0.73% to 2.89%, and the soil cultivation methods’ share was 83.3%–93.8%. The grain yield formation has a greater dependence on the tillage regimes, although that reliance might vary in association with weather conditions during the crop life. In rainfed conditions of Southeast Kazakhstan, zero tillage results in a significant reduction in nitrate nitrogen compared with conventional and minimum tillage. Therefore, with no tillage, more nitrogen fertilizer is necessary than usual plowing and the application of potash fertilizers, regardless of tillage methods.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135928464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wheat (Triticum spp.) is one of the premier staple foods consumed by one-third of the world’s population. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the only allohexaploid species with a genome formula BBAADD. Until now, from a selection point of view, a decline showed in the genetic potential of this type of wheat. However, the solution to this problem can be by developing high-yielding, disease- and pest-resistant cultivars using wheat-related species, ancient local landraces, and germplasm resources. Therefore, extensive study of the wheat gene pool using molecular tools, including identifying primary sources, is highly beneficial. For wheat improvement, breeding opportunities offer significant enhancements via genetic mapping approaches. The review focuses on the common wheat germplasm, wheat genetic approaches for genetic mapping, identification, and RWA (Russian wheat aphid) resistance, nested association mapping (NAM) population, DNA barcoding of Uzbekistan elite bread wheat cultivars, DNA marker-based screening of wheat germplasm for RWA resistance, future perspectives of wheat breeding in Uzbekistan, marker-assisted selection for abiotic stress tolerance, wheat stripe rust and its control strategies in Uzbekistan, epidemiology of the rust pathogens, pathogen characterization, and varietal resistance.
{"title":"PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) RESEARCH IN UZBEKISTAN","authors":"O.S. TURAEV, S.K. BABOEV, Z.M. ZIYAEV, J.K. NORBEKOV, D.SH. ERJIGITOV, U.SH. BAKHADIROV, B.T. TURSUNMURODOVA, A.A. DOLIMOV, KH.S. TURAKULOV, D.K. ERNAZAROVA, F.N. KUSHANOV","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.2","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat (Triticum spp.) is one of the premier staple foods consumed by one-third of the world’s population. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the only allohexaploid species with a genome formula BBAADD. Until now, from a selection point of view, a decline showed in the genetic potential of this type of wheat. However, the solution to this problem can be by developing high-yielding, disease- and pest-resistant cultivars using wheat-related species, ancient local landraces, and germplasm resources. Therefore, extensive study of the wheat gene pool using molecular tools, including identifying primary sources, is highly beneficial. For wheat improvement, breeding opportunities offer significant enhancements via genetic mapping approaches. The review focuses on the common wheat germplasm, wheat genetic approaches for genetic mapping, identification, and RWA (Russian wheat aphid) resistance, nested association mapping (NAM) population, DNA barcoding of Uzbekistan elite bread wheat cultivars, DNA marker-based screening of wheat germplasm for RWA resistance, future perspectives of wheat breeding in Uzbekistan, marker-assisted selection for abiotic stress tolerance, wheat stripe rust and its control strategies in Uzbekistan, epidemiology of the rust pathogens, pathogen characterization, and varietal resistance.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135808660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.4
S. AIPEISOVA, N UTARBAYEVA, E KAZKEEV, M. AGADIYEVA, A BERKALIYEVA, A BAUBEKOVA, B ALZHANOVA, G KAISAGALIYEVA
The study of the Aktobe floristic district is a relevant task for assessing anthropogenic factors’ impacts on the flora of the steppe zone and developing measures to reduce the adverse effects of mining, metallurgical, and oil and gas facilities on the biodiversity of plant communities. The timely study evaluated the species composition and analyzed the saxicolous floral complex of the Aktobe floristic district, one of the most fascinating complexes based on florogenetics. The saxicolous complex flora comprised 219 species belonging to 119 genera and 39 families. However, the 10 leading families of the conglomerate manage 75.0% of the species composition of the saxicolous complex. Previous validations revealed that the saxicolous floral complex features have dominant families of Caryophyllaceae, Boraginaceae, and Chenopodiaceae and a more significant role for the Rosaceae and Scrophulariaceae. The saxicolous complex specificity has demonstrated the genera Potentilla and Centaurea as 2nd and 3rd position holders, respectively, and the presence of the genera Orobanche, Lappula, Atraphaxis, and Allium as the leading genera; however, they are unregistered among the other floral complexes. The analysis of geographical habitat types has shown that the Black Sea/Kazakhstan, Volga/Kazakhstan, and Eastern ancient Mediterranean habitat types are predominantly characteristic of the saxicolous floral complex. Twelve endemic species have also received recognition, assembling 60% of the endemic flora. Based on the analysis of species habitat, its ecological and biological features, and paleobotanical material available in literature sources, researchers have identified two groups of miscellaneous plants (Neogene and Quaternary) with their ages and endemic plants. Data also indicated the formation of the chief autochthonous core of the flora in the Pleiocene-Holocene.
{"title":"SPECIES DIVERSITY AND STRUCTURE OF THE SAXICOLOUS FLORAL COMPLEX IN THE AKTOBE FLORISTIC DISTRICT","authors":"S. AIPEISOVA, N UTARBAYEVA, E KAZKEEV, M. AGADIYEVA, A BERKALIYEVA, A BAUBEKOVA, B ALZHANOVA, G KAISAGALIYEVA","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.4","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the Aktobe floristic district is a relevant task for assessing anthropogenic factors’ impacts on the flora of the steppe zone and developing measures to reduce the adverse effects of mining, metallurgical, and oil and gas facilities on the biodiversity of plant communities. The timely study evaluated the species composition and analyzed the saxicolous floral complex of the Aktobe floristic district, one of the most fascinating complexes based on florogenetics. The saxicolous complex flora comprised 219 species belonging to 119 genera and 39 families. However, the 10 leading families of the conglomerate manage 75.0% of the species composition of the saxicolous complex. Previous validations revealed that the saxicolous floral complex features have dominant families of Caryophyllaceae, Boraginaceae, and Chenopodiaceae and a more significant role for the Rosaceae and Scrophulariaceae. The saxicolous complex specificity has demonstrated the genera Potentilla and Centaurea as 2nd and 3rd position holders, respectively, and the presence of the genera Orobanche, Lappula, Atraphaxis, and Allium as the leading genera; however, they are unregistered among the other floral complexes. The analysis of geographical habitat types has shown that the Black Sea/Kazakhstan, Volga/Kazakhstan, and Eastern ancient Mediterranean habitat types are predominantly characteristic of the saxicolous floral complex. Twelve endemic species have also received recognition, assembling 60% of the endemic flora. Based on the analysis of species habitat, its ecological and biological features, and paleobotanical material available in literature sources, researchers have identified two groups of miscellaneous plants (Neogene and Quaternary) with their ages and endemic plants. Data also indicated the formation of the chief autochthonous core of the flora in the Pleiocene-Holocene.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135870476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seeking to improve the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers for grain crops led to conducting this study on developing methods using 15N in 2015–2017 at the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture, Almalybak Village, Almaty Region, Southeastern Kazakhstan. Nitrogen use efficiency using the stable isotope 15N in microfield experiments revealed that the assimilation of nitrogen fertilizers by grain crops largely depends on the norms, timing, fertilization method, and varietal parameters of the concerned crop. Based on morphophysiological methods of monitoring plant development conditions, the nitrogen fertilizers’ role based on the development has been affirmative, with the optimal timing of their application also determined. Results show that grain crops use nitrogen productively with partial application at the beginning of tillering and tubing, respectively, and stages III and V of organogenesis. With the use of nitrogen fertilizers, the significant varietal differences were evident. The help of an isotope label established the accurate nitrogen utilization coefficients of fertilizers based on the options ranging from 14.7% to 32.2%. Using the isotope method provides an opportunity for further development of practicing the most efficient techniques of applying fertilizers, which is an imperative method for determining the effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizers.
{"title":"NITROGEN FERTILIZERS ROLE IN GRAIN CROPS PRODUCTIVITY IN SOUTH-EAST KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"SB RAMAZANOVA, SB KENENBAYEV, VN GUSEV, GSH BAYMAKANOVA","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.32","url":null,"abstract":"Seeking to improve the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers for grain crops led to conducting this study on developing methods using 15N in 2015–2017 at the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture, Almalybak Village, Almaty Region, Southeastern Kazakhstan. Nitrogen use efficiency using the stable isotope 15N in microfield experiments revealed that the assimilation of nitrogen fertilizers by grain crops largely depends on the norms, timing, fertilization method, and varietal parameters of the concerned crop. Based on morphophysiological methods of monitoring plant development conditions, the nitrogen fertilizers’ role based on the development has been affirmative, with the optimal timing of their application also determined. Results show that grain crops use nitrogen productively with partial application at the beginning of tillering and tubing, respectively, and stages III and V of organogenesis. With the use of nitrogen fertilizers, the significant varietal differences were evident. The help of an isotope label established the accurate nitrogen utilization coefficients of fertilizers based on the options ranging from 14.7% to 32.2%. Using the isotope method provides an opportunity for further development of practicing the most efficient techniques of applying fertilizers, which is an imperative method for determining the effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":"63 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135928308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.31
VN GUSEV, SHO BASTAUBAYEVA, LK TABYNBAYEVA, EK ZHUSUPBEKOV, NT MUSAGODZHAEV
Determining the influence of various levels of mineral fertilizers to obtain the optimum productivity of two sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) hybrids was the prime goal of the pertinent research. The sugar beet responsiveness’ identification and their payback by enhanced yield to increasing fertilizer rates was effective. The fertilizers’ role in managing the variations in the primary indicators of efficient soil fertility has also been evident. Regression analysis described the relationship among the fertilizer intensity, soil agrochemical indicators, and the productivity of sugar beet. It allowed, with a high degree of reliability, to predict the sugar beet yield of the two hybrids (Aksu and Yampol) at different levels of fertilizer strength. The data characterizing the state of sugar beet sowing in Kazakhstan over the past 10 years are accessible.
{"title":"MINERAL FERTILIZERS IMPACT ON SUGAR BEET PRODUCTIVITY IN SOUTHEAST KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"VN GUSEV, SHO BASTAUBAYEVA, LK TABYNBAYEVA, EK ZHUSUPBEKOV, NT MUSAGODZHAEV","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.31","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the influence of various levels of mineral fertilizers to obtain the optimum productivity of two sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) hybrids was the prime goal of the pertinent research. The sugar beet responsiveness’ identification and their payback by enhanced yield to increasing fertilizer rates was effective. The fertilizers’ role in managing the variations in the primary indicators of efficient soil fertility has also been evident. Regression analysis described the relationship among the fertilizer intensity, soil agrochemical indicators, and the productivity of sugar beet. It allowed, with a high degree of reliability, to predict the sugar beet yield of the two hybrids (Aksu and Yampol) at different levels of fertilizer strength. The data characterizing the state of sugar beet sowing in Kazakhstan over the past 10 years are accessible.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135928463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.29
A NOVITA, LAM SIREGAR, None ROSMAYATI, N RAHMAWATI
Vetiver is one of the essential oil-producing plants, commonly called vetiver oil. With a deep, broad, and thick root system, the species is characteristically well-adapted to various environmental stresses, including salinity. The presented study strived to evaluate several vetiver ecotypes under diverse salinity stress conditions and identify the best with enhanced salinity tolerance. The said study continued in a completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial arrangement and two factors. The first factor was salinity stress comprising six varying levels, i.e., control (without salinity) and saline soils with 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 dsm-1. The second factor consisted of three vetiver ecotypes: Bogor, Bojonegoro, and Padang. The results revealed that salinity stress levels, ecotypes, and their interactions significantly affected the growth, physiological, and oil yield traits, such as plant height, leaf area, number of tillers, chlorophyll a and b, root length and volume, and oil yield. Salinity stress at 16 dsm-1 significantly impacted plant growth but enhanced chlorophyll a and b content. The ecotype Bojonegoro had better canopy growth, while the ecotype Padang had better root growth, resulting in higher oil production compared with the ecotype Bojonegoro. The ecotype Bojonegoro with 16 dsm-1 salinity stress significantly increased chlorophyll a and b content, and the ecotype Padang showed the highest oil production without salinity stress compared with salinity stress conditions.
{"title":"VETIVER (VETIVERIA ZIZANIOIDES L.) ECOTYPES ASSESSMENT FOR SALINITY TOLERANCE","authors":"A NOVITA, LAM SIREGAR, None ROSMAYATI, N RAHMAWATI","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.29","url":null,"abstract":"Vetiver is one of the essential oil-producing plants, commonly called vetiver oil. With a deep, broad, and thick root system, the species is characteristically well-adapted to various environmental stresses, including salinity. The presented study strived to evaluate several vetiver ecotypes under diverse salinity stress conditions and identify the best with enhanced salinity tolerance. The said study continued in a completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial arrangement and two factors. The first factor was salinity stress comprising six varying levels, i.e., control (without salinity) and saline soils with 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 dsm-1. The second factor consisted of three vetiver ecotypes: Bogor, Bojonegoro, and Padang. The results revealed that salinity stress levels, ecotypes, and their interactions significantly affected the growth, physiological, and oil yield traits, such as plant height, leaf area, number of tillers, chlorophyll a and b, root length and volume, and oil yield. Salinity stress at 16 dsm-1 significantly impacted plant growth but enhanced chlorophyll a and b content. The ecotype Bojonegoro had better canopy growth, while the ecotype Padang had better root growth, resulting in higher oil production compared with the ecotype Bojonegoro. The ecotype Bojonegoro with 16 dsm-1 salinity stress significantly increased chlorophyll a and b content, and the ecotype Padang showed the highest oil production without salinity stress compared with salinity stress conditions.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":"196 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135928921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.21
A OSMAN, M SITOHY, FS MOHSEN, E ABBAS
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is the most harmful postharvest disease responsible for the degradation of strawberries. The presented study targeted the preparation of 7S globulin from pea seeds to serve as an antifungal agent against B. cinerea in vitro and on the post-harvest strawberry to extend the fruits’ shelf life. The 7S globulin isolation from pea seeds and characterization employed various methods, such as SDS-PAGE, FTIR, and pH solubility curve. The molecular technique also helped confirm the identity of the causative microorganism of the gray mold disease in strawberries. Utilizing rRNA gene sequencing identified a fungal pathogen that causes gray mold as B. cinerea. The 7S globulin showed three protein bands corresponding to α/ (83 KDa), α (68 KDa), and β (60 KDa) subunits. The isoelectric point was notable at pH 5.8. The essential and non-essential amino acids occurred around 24.92% and 54.04%, respectively. The 7S globulin inhibited the mycelial growth of B. cinerea in a concentration-dependent manner. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) of B. cinerea subjected to 7S globulin showed swelling of both the fungal hyphae and conidia, significantly affected by the pea 7S-globulin treatment, entirely destabilizing and deforming their shape at 0.4 g/L. The 7S-globulin exposure maintained the fruit quality and stopped the strawberry’s natural deterioration. Results further authenticated that 7S globulin (isolated from pea seeds) revealed effective antifungal action against B. cinerea mycelial development via a membrane-targeted mechanism. The 7S globulin affects hyphal morphology, compromises plasma membrane integrity, and prevents post-harvest gray mold on strawberry fruits.
{"title":"EFFECTIVENESS OF 7S GLOBULIN AGAINST BOTRYTIS CINEREA CAUSING GRAY MOLD IN STRAWBERRY","authors":"A OSMAN, M SITOHY, FS MOHSEN, E ABBAS","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.21","url":null,"abstract":"Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is the most harmful postharvest disease responsible for the degradation of strawberries. The presented study targeted the preparation of 7S globulin from pea seeds to serve as an antifungal agent against B. cinerea in vitro and on the post-harvest strawberry to extend the fruits’ shelf life. The 7S globulin isolation from pea seeds and characterization employed various methods, such as SDS-PAGE, FTIR, and pH solubility curve. The molecular technique also helped confirm the identity of the causative microorganism of the gray mold disease in strawberries. Utilizing rRNA gene sequencing identified a fungal pathogen that causes gray mold as B. cinerea. The 7S globulin showed three protein bands corresponding to α/ (83 KDa), α (68 KDa), and β (60 KDa) subunits. The isoelectric point was notable at pH 5.8. The essential and non-essential amino acids occurred around 24.92% and 54.04%, respectively. The 7S globulin inhibited the mycelial growth of B. cinerea in a concentration-dependent manner. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) of B. cinerea subjected to 7S globulin showed swelling of both the fungal hyphae and conidia, significantly affected by the pea 7S-globulin treatment, entirely destabilizing and deforming their shape at 0.4 g/L. The 7S-globulin exposure maintained the fruit quality and stopped the strawberry’s natural deterioration. Results further authenticated that 7S globulin (isolated from pea seeds) revealed effective antifungal action against B. cinerea mycelial development via a membrane-targeted mechanism. The 7S globulin affects hyphal morphology, compromises plasma membrane integrity, and prevents post-harvest gray mold on strawberry fruits.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":"162 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135929066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.19
GP SHARADHI, H AVINASHE, N DUBEY, K DANALAKOTI, S GHOSH, S SACHAN, S CHOUDHARY
Wheat breeders focus on enhancing the production potential of bread wheat by creating new varieties with acceptable genetic makeup to combat the pressure of rising human population consumption. Research to resolve this issue transpired during the Rabi of November 2021– April 2022 at the Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India. Developing the field trial used an augmented block design, 45 F4 segregating population genotypes, and five checks. Data on characteristics, such as days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of productive tillers, plant height, ear length, and weight, number of spikelets ear-1 and grains ear-1, 1000 grain weight, grain yield plant-1, biological yield, harvest index, and chlorophyll index underwent assessment. Highly significant variations between the genotypes for all the traits had the analysis of variance determining these, except 1000 grain weight and chlorophyll index in the treatment test and the test versus check. In this study, the harvest index, biological yield plant-1, and grain yield plant-1 are all higher for the phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variances (PCV, GCV). The genetic advancement and heritability are highest for days to maturity, ear weight, number of grains ear-1, biological yield plant-1, grain yield plant-1, and harvest index. Studies on the relationships between various traits divulged that the number of productive tillers and harvest index had a positive, strong link and a direct effect with grain yield plant-1. These findings support the application of genetic modification to increase seed yield in bread wheat.
{"title":"CORRELATION AND PATH ANALYSES IN F4 SEGREGATING POPULATIONS OF BREAD WHEAT FOR GRAIN YIELD AND ITS ATTRIBUTES","authors":"GP SHARADHI, H AVINASHE, N DUBEY, K DANALAKOTI, S GHOSH, S SACHAN, S CHOUDHARY","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.19","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat breeders focus on enhancing the production potential of bread wheat by creating new varieties with acceptable genetic makeup to combat the pressure of rising human population consumption. Research to resolve this issue transpired during the Rabi of November 2021– April 2022 at the Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India. Developing the field trial used an augmented block design, 45 F4 segregating population genotypes, and five checks. Data on characteristics, such as days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of productive tillers, plant height, ear length, and weight, number of spikelets ear-1 and grains ear-1, 1000 grain weight, grain yield plant-1, biological yield, harvest index, and chlorophyll index underwent assessment. Highly significant variations between the genotypes for all the traits had the analysis of variance determining these, except 1000 grain weight and chlorophyll index in the treatment test and the test versus check. In this study, the harvest index, biological yield plant-1, and grain yield plant-1 are all higher for the phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variances (PCV, GCV). The genetic advancement and heritability are highest for days to maturity, ear weight, number of grains ear-1, biological yield plant-1, grain yield plant-1, and harvest index. Studies on the relationships between various traits divulged that the number of productive tillers and harvest index had a positive, strong link and a direct effect with grain yield plant-1. These findings support the application of genetic modification to increase seed yield in bread wheat.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":"109 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135929226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.20
RK ZHAPAYEV, GT KUNPIYAEVA, FM MUSTAFAEV, SZH BEKZHANOV, AK NURGALIEV
A comparative assessment of 14 pearl millet genotypes transpired for growth and yield traits under arid conditions of Southeast Kazakhstan. In this study, the green and dry plant biomass and grain yield of 14 pearl millet genotypes’ assessment ensued under rainfed conditions in Southeast Kazakhstan. For green biomass yield, the three pearl millet genotypes Bair Bajsa, HHVBC tall, and J-6 performed better and were high yielders ranging from 39.07 to 39.94 t/ha. The accumulation of dry biomass (as hay) was different and varied widely from 3.17 to 17.36 t/ha; however, the maximum dry biomass appeared in the genotype HHVBC tall. Genotype HHVBC tall was leading for green and dry plant biomass formation and has the potential for grain yield under rainfed conditions of Southeast Kazakhstan. Drought always negatively impacted the production of fodder and grains; however, genotype HHVBC tall assures a stable plant biomass and seed production under arid conditions. In dry Southeast Kazakhstan, pearl millet, a drought-resistant crop, is a highly productive, valuable fodder and grain crop based on quality yields of biomass and grains. Subject to the cultivation technology and according to weather conditions, on average, the pearl millet genotypes form a green mass biomass yield of 40 t/ha and grain yield of 2.2 t/ha under rainfed conditions of Southeast Kazakhstan. For cultivation in the Republic, it is necessary to expand pearl millet as an annual crop, most adapted to extreme agroecological conditions.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PEARL MILLET GENOTYPES UNDER ARID CONDITIONS OF SOUTHEAST KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"RK ZHAPAYEV, GT KUNPIYAEVA, FM MUSTAFAEV, SZH BEKZHANOV, AK NURGALIEV","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.20","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative assessment of 14 pearl millet genotypes transpired for growth and yield traits under arid conditions of Southeast Kazakhstan. In this study, the green and dry plant biomass and grain yield of 14 pearl millet genotypes’ assessment ensued under rainfed conditions in Southeast Kazakhstan. For green biomass yield, the three pearl millet genotypes Bair Bajsa, HHVBC tall, and J-6 performed better and were high yielders ranging from 39.07 to 39.94 t/ha. The accumulation of dry biomass (as hay) was different and varied widely from 3.17 to 17.36 t/ha; however, the maximum dry biomass appeared in the genotype HHVBC tall. Genotype HHVBC tall was leading for green and dry plant biomass formation and has the potential for grain yield under rainfed conditions of Southeast Kazakhstan. Drought always negatively impacted the production of fodder and grains; however, genotype HHVBC tall assures a stable plant biomass and seed production under arid conditions. In dry Southeast Kazakhstan, pearl millet, a drought-resistant crop, is a highly productive, valuable fodder and grain crop based on quality yields of biomass and grains. Subject to the cultivation technology and according to weather conditions, on average, the pearl millet genotypes form a green mass biomass yield of 40 t/ha and grain yield of 2.2 t/ha under rainfed conditions of Southeast Kazakhstan. For cultivation in the Republic, it is necessary to expand pearl millet as an annual crop, most adapted to extreme agroecological conditions.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135929230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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