Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.5
K. B. Tusupbaev, S. V. Didorenko, R.ZH. Kassenov, A. M. Dalibayeva, A. N. Aldekov, T. N. Tleubaeva
Best-quality seeds of high-yielding commercial cultivars are the foundation of the future harvest in all crops. Significant seed damage arises from seed injury during harvesting and tillage. With the use of machinery in all harvesting and processing stages, the issue of seed injury has become severe. Therefore, the presented research sought to determine commercial soybean seeds’ properties and seeding qualities, depending on the cultivar properties and the influence of machinery used in harvesting. The identified degree of soybean seed injury of commercial soybean cultivars depends on the growing strength after harvesting with drum threshing combined with the harvesting equipment’s influence. Based on biological characteristics, the soybean cultivars differed significantly in the number of damaged seeds during harvest using the drum thresher type ‘Sampo SR 2035’. However, the soybean cultivar Birlik KV showed the minimum seed damage (49.5%), whereas the cultivar Zhansaya had the most seed injuries (83.0%). According to laboratory tests, high intensity of initial growth resulted in seeds of soybean cultivars Birlik KV (86.0%), followed by Perizat (82.0%), and Lastochka (78.0%). Seeds of the soybean cultivars Ivushka and Zhansaya had the lowest growth strength (52.0%–60.0%). The most injury-prone soybean cultivar Zhansaya exhibited 21.3% crushed and inured seeds when their threshing used a drum thresher, but when threshed with a rotary thresher, the number of damaged seeds decreased to 2.9%. For injury-resistant soybean cultivar Lastochka, the harvester Sampo SR 2035 produced 12.4% injured seeds, and the harvester ’John Deere’ generated 2.2% crushed seeds.
高产商业品种的优质种子是未来所有作物收获的基础。收割和耕作过程中的种子损伤会造成严重的种子损害。随着机械在所有收割和加工阶段的使用，种子损伤问题变得更加严重。因此，本研究试图根据品种特性和收割机械的影响来确定商品大豆种子的特性和播种质量。商品大豆品种的大豆种子损伤程度取决于滚筒脱粒收割后的生长强度以及收割设备的影响。根据生物学特性，在使用“Sampo SR 2035”型滚筒脱粒机收割期间，大豆品种的受损种子数量存在显著差异。然而，大豆品种Birlik KV的种子损伤最小（49.5%），而品种Zhansaya的种子损伤最多（83.0%）。根据实验室测试，高强度的初始生长导致大豆品种Birli KV的种子（86.0%），其次是Perizat（82.0%），和Lastochka（78.0%）。大豆品种Ivushka和Zhansaya的种子生长强度最低（52.0%-60.0%）。最易受伤的大豆品种Zhansaya在使用滚筒脱粒机脱粒时表现出21.3%的破碎和习惯种子，但在使用旋转脱粒机脱粒后，受损种子的数量降至2.9%，Sampo SR 2035收获机产生12.4%的受伤种子，John Deere收获机产生2.2%的破碎种子。
{"title":"SOYBEAN VARIETIES ASSESSMENT BASED ON DEGREE OF INJURY AND SEED QUALITY FOR BIOLOGICAL TRAITS IN PRIMARY AND ELITE SEED PRODUCTION","authors":"K. B. Tusupbaev, S. V. Didorenko, R.ZH. Kassenov, A. M. Dalibayeva, A. N. Aldekov, T. N. Tleubaeva","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Best-quality seeds of high-yielding commercial cultivars are the foundation of the future harvest in all crops. Significant seed damage arises from seed injury during harvesting and tillage. With the use of machinery in all harvesting and processing stages, the issue of seed injury has become severe. Therefore, the presented research sought to determine commercial soybean seeds’ properties and seeding qualities, depending on the cultivar properties and the influence of machinery used in harvesting. The identified degree of soybean seed injury of commercial soybean cultivars depends on the growing strength after harvesting with drum threshing combined with the harvesting equipment’s influence. Based on biological characteristics, the soybean cultivars differed significantly in the number of damaged seeds during harvest using the drum thresher type ‘Sampo SR 2035’. However, the soybean cultivar Birlik KV showed the minimum seed damage (49.5%), whereas the cultivar Zhansaya had the most seed injuries (83.0%). According to laboratory tests, high intensity of initial growth resulted in seeds of soybean cultivars Birlik KV (86.0%), followed by Perizat (82.0%), and Lastochka (78.0%). Seeds of the soybean cultivars Ivushka and Zhansaya had the lowest growth strength (52.0%–60.0%). The most injury-prone soybean cultivar Zhansaya exhibited 21.3% crushed and inured seeds when their threshing used a drum thresher, but when threshed with a rotary thresher, the number of damaged seeds decreased to 2.9%. For injury-resistant soybean cultivar Lastochka, the harvester Sampo SR 2035 produced 12.4% injured seeds, and the harvester ’John Deere’ generated 2.2% crushed seeds.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42118636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.33
A. Hassan
A field experiment ensued during the winter crop season 2018–2019 at the District Baqubah, Diyala Governorate, Iraq, to study the effects of three plant spacing (20, 40, and 60 cm) and foliar application of humic acid with four concentrations (0, 10, 20, and 40 L ha-1 ) on seed yield-related traits and active ingredients of goat pea (Securigera securidaca L.). The recorded data underwent statistical analysis using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with factorial arrangement. The results showed that the plant spacing of 60 cm was superior in the percentage of oil and the total content of glycosides in the seeds, amounting to 3.84% and 27.86 mg g-1 , respectively, and the plant distance of 40 cm was superior in the seeds’ total phenol content (1.23 mg g-1 ). As for 20 cm, it was excellent in the oil yield (15.56 kg ha-1 ). The spraying with humic acid at the rate of 20 L ha-1 provided the highest percentage and harvest of oil and total phenol content, reaching 3.69%, 9.30 kg ha-1 , and 1.21 mg g-1 , respectively. The interaction between the plant distance (60 cm) and foliar application of humic acid (10 L ha-1 ) showed a significant increase in the percentage of oil, amounting to 3.92%. The interaction between the plant distance (40 cm) and foliar application of humic acid (20 L ha-1 ) provided a substantial increase in the total phenol content of seeds (1.25 mg g-1 ).
在2018-2019冬季作物季，在伊拉克迪亚拉省Baqubah区进行了田间试验，研究了3种株距(20、40和60 cm)和叶面施用4种浓度(0、10、20和40 L ha-1)的腐植酸对山豌豆种子产量相关性状和有效成分的影响。记录的数据采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)进行统计分析。结果表明，植株间距为60 cm时种子中油脂含量和总苷含量最高，分别为3.84%和27.86 mg g-1;植株间距为40 cm时种子中总酚含量最高，为1.23 mg g-1。在20 cm处，产量为15.56 kg hm -1，表现优异。施用腐植酸20 L ha-1时，油分和总酚含量百分比和收获量最高，分别达到3.69%、9.30 kg ha-1和1.21 mg g-1。植距(60 cm)与叶面施用腐植酸(10 L ha-1)的交互作用显著提高了油分率，达3.92%。植距(40 cm)与叶面施用腐植酸(20 L ha-1)的交互作用使种子总酚含量显著增加(1.25 mg g-1)。
{"title":"EFFECT OF PLANTS SPACE AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF HUMIC ACID IN SEED YIELD AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GOAT PEA (SECURIGERA SECURIDACA L.)","authors":"A. Hassan","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.33","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment ensued during the winter crop season 2018–2019 at the District Baqubah, Diyala Governorate, Iraq, to study the effects of three plant spacing (20, 40, and 60 cm) and foliar application of humic acid with four concentrations (0, 10, 20, and 40 L ha-1 ) on seed yield-related traits and active ingredients of goat pea (Securigera securidaca L.). The recorded data underwent statistical analysis using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with factorial arrangement. The results showed that the plant spacing of 60 cm was superior in the percentage of oil and the total content of glycosides in the seeds, amounting to 3.84% and 27.86 mg g-1 , respectively, and the plant distance of 40 cm was superior in the seeds’ total phenol content (1.23 mg g-1 ). As for 20 cm, it was excellent in the oil yield (15.56 kg ha-1 ). The spraying with humic acid at the rate of 20 L ha-1 provided the highest percentage and harvest of oil and total phenol content, reaching 3.69%, 9.30 kg ha-1 , and 1.21 mg g-1 , respectively. The interaction between the plant distance (60 cm) and foliar application of humic acid (10 L ha-1 ) showed a significant increase in the percentage of oil, amounting to 3.92%. The interaction between the plant distance (40 cm) and foliar application of humic acid (20 L ha-1 ) provided a substantial increase in the total phenol content of seeds (1.25 mg g-1 ).","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45671109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.28
Z. H. AL-Fatlawi
The promising study transpired in the laboratory of the Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture, University of Karbala, Karbala, Iraq. The six aromatic local rice cultivars, i.e., V1: Ebaa1, V2: Baraka, V3: Furat, V4: Diggla, V5: Yasmine, and V6: Amber-33, served as materials in the presented study. Ten genes of the CIPK family were indicators for drought-tolerant genes. Detecting these genes from the leaves after exposure to drought stress used the Real Time device PCR after RNA extraction and converted to cDNA. The results revealed that the aromatic rice cultivar Amber-33 contained almost all the genes except the gene, OsCIPK04. Cultivars Furat and Diggla were also superior for gene detection. The genes OsCIPK06 and OsCIPK07 appeared in three rice cultivars (Diggla, Yasmine, and Amber-33). The three genes, i.e., OsCIPK08, OsCIPK09, and OsCIPK10, were absent in all the aromatic rice cultivars, while the OsCIPK05 gene appeared in all the studied rice cultivars under drought stress conditions. The technique used for detecting OsCIPK genes in the rice crop, matched with the results in the field experiments, resulted in the potential use of this method to screen the rice cultivars and determine their degree of drought tolerance.
这项前途光明的研究是在伊拉克卡尔巴拉卡尔巴拉大学农学院大田作物系的实验室进行的。以V1: Ebaa1、V2: Baraka、V3: Furat、V4: Diggla、V5: Yasmine和V6: Amber-33 6个芳香型地方水稻品种为材料。CIPK家族的10个基因是抗旱基因的指示基因。从干旱胁迫后的叶片中提取RNA转化为cDNA，利用Real Time PCR检测这些基因。结果表明，除OsCIPK04基因外，香稻品种Amber-33几乎含有所有基因。品种Furat和Diggla在基因检测上也具有优势。OsCIPK06和OsCIPK07基因出现在3个水稻品种(Diggla、Yasmine和Amber-33)中。OsCIPK08、OsCIPK09和OsCIPK10三个基因在所有芳香型水稻品种中均不存在，而OsCIPK05基因在干旱胁迫条件下均存在。水稻作物OsCIPK基因检测技术与田间试验结果相匹配，可用于水稻品种筛选和耐旱性鉴定。
{"title":"DROUGHT-TOLERANT OSCIPK GENES IN LOCAL AROMATIC RICE CULTIVARS","authors":"Z. H. AL-Fatlawi","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.28","url":null,"abstract":"The promising study transpired in the laboratory of the Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture, University of Karbala, Karbala, Iraq. The six aromatic local rice cultivars, i.e., V1: Ebaa1, V2: Baraka, V3: Furat, V4: Diggla, V5: Yasmine, and V6: Amber-33, served as materials in the presented study. Ten genes of the CIPK family were indicators for drought-tolerant genes. Detecting these genes from the leaves after exposure to drought stress used the Real Time device PCR after RNA extraction and converted to cDNA. The results revealed that the aromatic rice cultivar Amber-33 contained almost all the genes except the gene, OsCIPK04. Cultivars Furat and Diggla were also superior for gene detection. The genes OsCIPK06 and OsCIPK07 appeared in three rice cultivars (Diggla, Yasmine, and Amber-33). The three genes, i.e., OsCIPK08, OsCIPK09, and OsCIPK10, were absent in all the aromatic rice cultivars, while the OsCIPK05 gene appeared in all the studied rice cultivars under drought stress conditions. The technique used for detecting OsCIPK genes in the rice crop, matched with the results in the field experiments, resulted in the potential use of this method to screen the rice cultivars and determine their degree of drought tolerance.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41751407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.26
M. A. AL-KATIB, Hussein Al-Rashedy, W. Alsinjari, Dr. Osama Osman Atallah
Soil treated with different concentrations of copper (75, 160, and 190 mg/kg soil) and cadmium (4, 8, and 10 mg/kg soil) had assessments for their effects on the growth of algae (Cladophora and Spirogyra). Soil treated with copper (190 mg/kg) and cadmium (10 mg/kg) has shown a significant impact, decreasing the dry weight of Cladophora (1.600 and 0.353 mg) and Spirogyra (1.500 and 0.189 mg). Chlorophyll a and b content also expressed decreased with copper application to the soil at 190 mg/kg. Cladophora and Spirogyra algae had concentrations of 0.082 and 0.007 mg/g fresh weight, respectively. In algae Cladophora, the cadmium (10 mg/kg soil) levels reached 0.073 and 0.008 mg/g of fresh weight, while Spirogyra had concentrations of 0.013 and 0.011 mg/g. In the nutrient concentration status of cladophora, soil treatment with cadmium (10 mg/kg) was the most beneficial for phosphorus, chloride, and sodium levels (0.170, 0.010, and 0.010 mg/g, respectively). Similarly, the phosphorus and sodium concentrations had declined with copper treatments in algae spirogyra (0.150 and 0.040 mg/g, respectively), while chloride concentration reduction was by cadmium (10 mg/kg soil).
{"title":"HEAVY METALS TREATED SOIL EFFECTS ON THE CONCENTRATION OF CHLOROPHYLL A, B, AND MINERAL ELEMENTS IN ALGAE","authors":"M. A. AL-KATIB, Hussein Al-Rashedy, W. Alsinjari, Dr. Osama Osman Atallah","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.26","url":null,"abstract":"Soil treated with different concentrations of copper (75, 160, and 190 mg/kg soil) and cadmium (4, 8, and 10 mg/kg soil) had assessments for their effects on the growth of algae (Cladophora and Spirogyra). Soil treated with copper (190 mg/kg) and cadmium (10 mg/kg) has shown a significant impact, decreasing the dry weight of Cladophora (1.600 and 0.353 mg) and Spirogyra (1.500 and 0.189 mg). Chlorophyll a and b content also expressed decreased with copper application to the soil at 190 mg/kg. Cladophora and Spirogyra algae had concentrations of 0.082 and 0.007 mg/g fresh weight, respectively. In algae Cladophora, the cadmium (10 mg/kg soil) levels reached 0.073 and 0.008 mg/g of fresh weight, while Spirogyra had concentrations of 0.013 and 0.011 mg/g. In the nutrient concentration status of cladophora, soil treatment with cadmium (10 mg/kg) was the most beneficial for phosphorus, chloride, and sodium levels (0.170, 0.010, and 0.010 mg/g, respectively). Similarly, the phosphorus and sodium concentrations had declined with copper treatments in algae spirogyra (0.150 and 0.040 mg/g, respectively), while chloride concentration reduction was by cadmium (10 mg/kg soil).","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47621887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.29
M. Kausar
Hidden hunger is one of the most important challenges of the current era, and genetic biofortification is the most feasible, cheapest, and sustainable way to provide a balanced diet to the community. Given the value of biofortification in food grains, the relevant study sought to screen maize inbred lines for kernel Fe and Zn contents and estimate their bioavailability using molar ratios. One hundred maize inbred lines planted during spring 2018 in soil contained optimal levels of Fe and Zn. Maize genotypes evaluation comprised plant height, days to tasseling, silking, maturity, cob length, number of rows per cob, grains per row, grains per cob, 100-grain weight, grain yield per plant, grain Fe, Zn, and phytic acid contents. Significant differences emerged for all the studied traits. The results of the correlation study indicated that grain Fe and Zn contents had a positive genetic link with each other while a non-significant negative association with phytic acid and grain yield. A substantial positive correlation of grain yield occurred with rows per cob, grains per row, and grains per cob. Cluster and principal component analyses ran through, with PA/Fe and PA/Zn molar ratios calculated to estimate the mineral bioavailability. Based on the genetic variability for grain yield, Fe, Zn, and PA contents, four clusters resulted, and the first two PCs had an eigenvalue of more than one and depicted 76.91% of the total variance. Genotypes M-11, M-41, M-45, M-56, M-60, M-61, M-66, M-80, M-96, and M-98 showed high Fe and Zn contents with low molar ratios and are potential to benefit further breeding programs to develop biofortified maize hybrids.
{"title":"IRON-ZINC BASED GENETIC DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT IN MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) GENOTYPES","authors":"M. Kausar","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.29","url":null,"abstract":"Hidden hunger is one of the most important challenges of the current era, and genetic biofortification is the most feasible, cheapest, and sustainable way to provide a balanced diet to the community. Given the value of biofortification in food grains, the relevant study sought to screen maize inbred lines for kernel Fe and Zn contents and estimate their bioavailability using molar ratios. One hundred maize inbred lines planted during spring 2018 in soil contained optimal levels of Fe and Zn. Maize genotypes evaluation comprised plant height, days to tasseling, silking, maturity, cob length, number of rows per cob, grains per row, grains per cob, 100-grain weight, grain yield per plant, grain Fe, Zn, and phytic acid contents. Significant differences emerged for all the studied traits. The results of the correlation study indicated that grain Fe and Zn contents had a positive genetic link with each other while a non-significant negative association with phytic acid and grain yield. A substantial positive correlation of grain yield occurred with rows per cob, grains per row, and grains per cob. Cluster and principal component analyses ran through, with PA/Fe and PA/Zn molar ratios calculated to estimate the mineral bioavailability. Based on the genetic variability for grain yield, Fe, Zn, and PA contents, four clusters resulted, and the first two PCs had an eigenvalue of more than one and depicted 76.91% of the total variance. Genotypes M-11, M-41, M-45, M-56, M-60, M-61, M-66, M-80, M-96, and M-98 showed high Fe and Zn contents with low molar ratios and are potential to benefit further breeding programs to develop biofortified maize hybrids.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44931450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.4
A. N. Laily, B. S. Daryono, A. Purwantoro, Dr. Sajjad Hussain Qureshi
Highland papaya (Vasconcellea pubescens A.DC.) is a member of the family Caricaceae and native to Ecuador. The plant’s introduction and cultivation were successful in specific highland areas of Indonesia but with limited growing areas. V. pubescens has monoecious and dioecious characteristics and allows fruit production from female dioecious and monoecious plants. This plant is valuable, and the knowledge about its sex pattern, though still limited, is crucial for its efficiency, productivity, and development. Hence, the presented study aimed to explain the patterns of plant segregation, as well as, pollen morphology and germination based on sex in V. pubescens. The investigations began by recognizing the total population of V. pubescens in its cultivated area for grouping and mapping according to sex. Observations on the pollen characteristics, such as, morphology and germination, used light microscopy and a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results revealed that the basis for plant segregation pattern depended on sex in male and female dioecious and monoecious plants of V. pubescens (1:5:1). In both sexes, the pollen morphological characteristics showed that the unit of monads, prolate spheroidal, radial, tricolporate, isopolar, reticulate, and P/E index of male dioecious pollen was 0.70, while monoecious was 0.52. Anthers and pollen grains from the male plant were round, but those of monoecious elongate more. However, no significant differences occurred among the sexes for pollens. The pollen grains from male flowers on male dioecious plants showed faster germination than monoecious individual plants, having a difference of 25.14 days.
{"title":"PLANT SEGREGATION AND POLLEN CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGHLAND PAPAYA (VASCONCELLEA PUBESCENS A.DC.) BASED ON SEX TYPES","authors":"A. N. Laily, B. S. Daryono, A. Purwantoro, Dr. Sajjad Hussain Qureshi","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Highland papaya (Vasconcellea pubescens A.DC.) is a member of the family Caricaceae and native to Ecuador. The plant’s introduction and cultivation were successful in specific highland areas of Indonesia but with limited growing areas. V. pubescens has monoecious and dioecious characteristics and allows fruit production from female dioecious and monoecious plants. This plant is valuable, and the knowledge about its sex pattern, though still limited, is crucial for its efficiency, productivity, and development. Hence, the presented study aimed to explain the patterns of plant segregation, as well as, pollen morphology and germination based on sex in V. pubescens. The investigations began by recognizing the total population of V. pubescens in its cultivated area for grouping and mapping according to sex. Observations on the pollen characteristics, such as, morphology and germination, used light microscopy and a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results revealed that the basis for plant segregation pattern depended on sex in male and female dioecious and monoecious plants of V. pubescens (1:5:1). In both sexes, the pollen morphological characteristics showed that the unit of monads, prolate spheroidal, radial, tricolporate, isopolar, reticulate, and P/E index of male dioecious pollen was 0.70, while monoecious was 0.52. Anthers and pollen grains from the male plant were round, but those of monoecious elongate more. However, no significant differences occurred among the sexes for pollens. The pollen grains from male flowers on male dioecious plants showed faster germination than monoecious individual plants, having a difference of 25.14 days.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48790367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.10
B. Ainebekova
Assembly, genetic analysis, and preservation of wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L. Gaertn.) diversity is an important task in improving the said crop under the environmental conditions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The presented study evaluated and isolated various wheatgrass species and their populations for breeding and developing promising cultivars based on the genetic principles to improve the degraded pasture situation in South-East Kazakhstan from the perspective of global climate change. For the succeeding investigations, collection of the wheatgrass landraces from various regions of Kazakhstan ensued, as well as from accessions already conserved in the gene pool, and gained evaluation under the environmental conditions of South-East Kazakhstan. In performance-based screening, 20 wheatgrass cultivars identified underwent further genotyping by using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSRs) polymerase chain reaction markers. The pertinent study significantly contributes to understanding the Agropyron species’ genetic structure and molecular characteristics. Using seven ISSR primers helped study the kinship and genetic polymorphism of the five Agropyron species collected from diverse locations. The ISSR primers were extremely informative for determining the Agropyron’s genetic diversity and interspecific similarity. Moreover, they come highly recommended for an in-depth study comparing the DNA sequencing of the Agropyron populations available in the National Center for Biotechnology’s database.
{"title":"GENETIC ANALYSIS AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE WHEATGRASS (AGROPYRON CRISTATUM L. GAERTN.) IN SOUTH-EAST KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"B. Ainebekova","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.10","url":null,"abstract":"Assembly, genetic analysis, and preservation of wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L. Gaertn.) diversity is an important task in improving the said crop under the environmental conditions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The presented study evaluated and isolated various wheatgrass species and their populations for breeding and developing promising cultivars based on the genetic principles to improve the degraded pasture situation in South-East Kazakhstan from the perspective of global climate change. For the succeeding investigations, collection of the wheatgrass landraces from various regions of Kazakhstan ensued, as well as from accessions already conserved in the gene pool, and gained evaluation under the environmental conditions of South-East Kazakhstan. In performance-based screening, 20 wheatgrass cultivars identified underwent further genotyping by using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSRs) polymerase chain reaction markers. The pertinent study significantly contributes to understanding the Agropyron species’ genetic structure and molecular characteristics. Using seven ISSR primers helped study the kinship and genetic polymorphism of the five Agropyron species collected from diverse locations. The ISSR primers were extremely informative for determining the Agropyron’s genetic diversity and interspecific similarity. Moreover, they come highly recommended for an in-depth study comparing the DNA sequencing of the Agropyron populations available in the National Center for Biotechnology’s database.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43325931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.8
M. A. Akhtar, M. Aslam, R. Schafleitner, R. M. Atif, G. Murtaza, Prof. Dr. Ijaz Rasool Noorka
Pulses are notably good nutritive complements of carbohydrate-rich staple diets, such as, wheat, maize, and rice. Mung bean is an essential pulse crop with different proteins and antioxidants proven beneficial for health. The yield of mung bean in Pakistan is comparable to the world average, but overall production is low because of several biotic and abiotic factors. Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) is one of mung bean’s most damaging diseases, limiting its productivity, causing significant losses in yield and an overall gap in production. The presented investigation progressed to comprehending the genetics of resistance to CLS in mung bean. A minicore set of 293 mung bean genotypes developed and maintained by the World Vegetable Center, Taiwan, served as samples in the study. Observed CLS attacks occur during flowering and reduce the yield by decreasing the number of pods per plant. The genetics to resistance against CLS has a single recessive gene controlling it; hence, homozygous recessive plants will be CLS-resistant. Therefore, single gene transfer methods, such as, backcross breeding, are recommendable for incorporating CLS resistance in high-yielding mung bean genotypes.
{"title":"GENETICS OF CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT RESISTANCE IN MUNG BEAN","authors":"M. A. Akhtar, M. Aslam, R. Schafleitner, R. M. Atif, G. Murtaza, Prof. Dr. Ijaz Rasool Noorka","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.8","url":null,"abstract":"Pulses are notably good nutritive complements of carbohydrate-rich staple diets, such as, wheat, maize, and rice. Mung bean is an essential pulse crop with different proteins and antioxidants proven beneficial for health. The yield of mung bean in Pakistan is comparable to the world average, but overall production is low because of several biotic and abiotic factors. Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) is one of mung bean’s most damaging diseases, limiting its productivity, causing significant losses in yield and an overall gap in production. The presented investigation progressed to comprehending the genetics of resistance to CLS in mung bean. A minicore set of 293 mung bean genotypes developed and maintained by the World Vegetable Center, Taiwan, served as samples in the study. Observed CLS attacks occur during flowering and reduce the yield by decreasing the number of pods per plant. The genetics to resistance against CLS has a single recessive gene controlling it; hence, homozygous recessive plants will be CLS-resistant. Therefore, single gene transfer methods, such as, backcross breeding, are recommendable for incorporating CLS resistance in high-yielding mung bean genotypes.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41412600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.30
R. Majeed
The presented study sought to use the plant growth-promoting microorganism (PGPM) as a biofertilizer in maize (Zea mays L.) seeds and determine its effects on the growth and productivity of maize, with two levels of mineral fertilizer (25% and 50% of chemical fertilizer) under Iraqi conditions. Laboratory studies confirmed no antagonism between Azotobacter chroococcum and other microorganisms used in this study. Field experiments carried out during crop season 2021 were in two different regions, Mosul (36°20′6″N, 43°7′8″E) and Kirkuk (35°28′5.02″N, 44°23′31.99″E) in the north of Iraq. The result showed biofertilizer superiority when combined with 25% and 50% doses of the recommended mineral fertilizer for maize growth and yield traits in the experiments in both locations. In Kirkuk city, the biofertilizer combined with 25% chemical fertilizer recorded superiority without significant difference from the biofertilizer combined with 50% mineral fertilizer. However, in Mosul city, the biofertilizer combined with 50% chemical fertilizer expressed a more superior and significant difference than other treatments for growth and yield traits in maize. The difference between the two regions might be due to chemical fertilizer residues in the soil.
{"title":"MAIZE SEED INOCULATION WITH BIOAGENT AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD TRAITS","authors":"R. Majeed","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.30","url":null,"abstract":"The presented study sought to use the plant growth-promoting microorganism (PGPM) as a biofertilizer in maize (Zea mays L.) seeds and determine its effects on the growth and productivity of maize, with two levels of mineral fertilizer (25% and 50% of chemical fertilizer) under Iraqi conditions. Laboratory studies confirmed no antagonism between Azotobacter chroococcum and other microorganisms used in this study. Field experiments carried out during crop season 2021 were in two different regions, Mosul (36°20′6″N, 43°7′8″E) and Kirkuk (35°28′5.02″N, 44°23′31.99″E) in the north of Iraq. The result showed biofertilizer superiority when combined with 25% and 50% doses of the recommended mineral fertilizer for maize growth and yield traits in the experiments in both locations. In Kirkuk city, the biofertilizer combined with 25% chemical fertilizer recorded superiority without significant difference from the biofertilizer combined with 50% mineral fertilizer. However, in Mosul city, the biofertilizer combined with 50% chemical fertilizer expressed a more superior and significant difference than other treatments for growth and yield traits in maize. The difference between the two regions might be due to chemical fertilizer residues in the soil.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44387812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.23
M. Shehab
The presented research, comprising characterization of nine species of the wild rose (Rosa L.), came from various regions of Northern Iraq. The study proceeded in 2021–2022 at the College of Education of Pure Science, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq. Employing the random amplification polymorphism DNA (RAPD) helped determine the genetic variation relationships among the species using the statistical program Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System (NTSYSpc 2.02). The use of 10 random primers attained amplifications observed with agarose gel electrophoresis. The RAPD primers generated 523 random bands, making it possible to separate Rosa species from each other. Among the studied species, the genetic distance ranged from 0.067 to 1.027. The least genetic dimension (0.067) came from the species Rosa canina var. deseglisei and Rosa canina var. canina, with the highest genetic breadth reaching 1.027 between Rosa x centifolia and Rosa foetida. The dendrogram revealed three main clusters based on the genetic distance values, with the third one getting split into three distinct groups. RAPD proved as an effective method for studying the relatedness among the species.
本研究对来自伊拉克北部不同地区的九种野生玫瑰（Rosa L.）进行了鉴定。这项研究于2021年至2022年在伊拉克摩苏尔摩苏尔大学纯科学教育学院进行。利用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）技术，利用统计程序Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System（NTSYSpc 2.02），确定了物种间的遗传变异关系。RAPD引物共产生523条随机带，使蔷薇品种间的分离成为可能。在所研究的物种中，遗传距离在0.067到1.027之间。遗传维度最小（0.067）的品种为犬蔷薇（Rosa canina var.desgliesei）和犬蔷薇（罗莎canina var.caina），遗传宽度最高的品种为百叶罗莎（Rosa x centifolia）和佛蒂达（Rosa foetida），达1.027。根据遗传距离值，树状图显示了三个主要聚类，第三个聚类分为三个不同的组。RAPD是研究物种亲缘关系的有效方法。
{"title":"MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION OF THE GENUS ROSA L. (ROSACEAE) GROWN IN NORTHERN IRAQ BY USING RAPD MARKERS","authors":"M. Shehab","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.23","url":null,"abstract":"The presented research, comprising characterization of nine species of the wild rose (Rosa L.), came from various regions of Northern Iraq. The study proceeded in 2021–2022 at the College of Education of Pure Science, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq. Employing the random amplification polymorphism DNA (RAPD) helped determine the genetic variation relationships among the species using the statistical program Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System (NTSYSpc 2.02). The use of 10 random primers attained amplifications observed with agarose gel electrophoresis. The RAPD primers generated 523 random bands, making it possible to separate Rosa species from each other. Among the studied species, the genetic distance ranged from 0.067 to 1.027. The least genetic dimension (0.067) came from the species Rosa canina var. deseglisei and Rosa canina var. canina, with the highest genetic breadth reaching 1.027 between Rosa x centifolia and Rosa foetida. The dendrogram revealed three main clusters based on the genetic distance values, with the third one getting split into three distinct groups. RAPD proved as an effective method for studying the relatedness among the species.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47055270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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