Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.27
Fitmawati, Sartika, E. Juliantari
Nepenthes spp. is a unique carnivorous plant with the modified leaf lamina as a pitcher to trap insects. Nepenthes usually produce lower traps near the base of the plant, and upper pitchers form a loop in the tendril, allowing it to wrap around the nearby plant. Pitcher plants, being insectivorous plants, can grow in nitrogen-deficient soils. In the Riau Archipelago Province, the intense land conversion to establish ecotourism in national parks disturbed the pitcher plant habitat, even though the pitcher plants have great potential as ornamental plants. Therefore, for in situ conservation, the existing endemic flora may benefit tourist attractions to support local ecotourism efforts. Based on the above discussion, the presented study aimed to characterize the pitcher plants’ diversity and analyze the relationship among its species using morphological markers in the islands of Bintan, Karimun, and Lingga, Indonesia. Based on the collection and identified pitcher plants, the study discovered that the genus Nepenthes comprises 25 accessions belonging to six different species, i.e., N. gracilis, N. × trichocarpa, N. reinwardtiana, N. ampullaria, N. rafflesiana, and N. × hookeriana. The cluster analysis grouped two main clusters that have a similarity coefficient of 31%–97% based on morphological characteristics among Bintan, Karimun, and Lingga accessions. However, the cluster constructions were more on the traits’ similarity than locality based. For principal component analysis (PCA), 19 morphological traits can benefit as diagnostic features to distinguish the pitcher groups. The study revealed that pitcher plants have diverse phenotypic plasticity in the Riau Archipelago, which is experiencing land conversion for tourism activities. The pitcher plants diversity has the genetic potential for ornamental plants development and is a biological wealth that requires conservation for research, tourism activities, and future generations.
{"title":"DIVERSITY OF PITCHER PLANTS (NEPENTHES SPP.) IN RIAU ARCHIPELAGO PROVINCE, INDONESIA","authors":"Fitmawati, Sartika, E. Juliantari","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.27","url":null,"abstract":"Nepenthes spp. is a unique carnivorous plant with the modified leaf lamina as a pitcher to trap insects. Nepenthes usually produce lower traps near the base of the plant, and upper pitchers form a loop in the tendril, allowing it to wrap around the nearby plant. Pitcher plants, being insectivorous plants, can grow in nitrogen-deficient soils. In the Riau Archipelago Province, the intense land conversion to establish ecotourism in national parks disturbed the pitcher plant habitat, even though the pitcher plants have great potential as ornamental plants. Therefore, for in situ conservation, the existing endemic flora may benefit tourist attractions to support local ecotourism efforts. Based on the above discussion, the presented study aimed to characterize the pitcher plants’ diversity and analyze the relationship among its species using morphological markers in the islands of Bintan, Karimun, and Lingga, Indonesia. Based on the collection and identified pitcher plants, the study discovered that the genus Nepenthes comprises 25 accessions belonging to six different species, i.e., N. gracilis, N. × trichocarpa, N. reinwardtiana, N. ampullaria, N. rafflesiana, and N. × hookeriana. The cluster analysis grouped two main clusters that have a similarity coefficient of 31%–97% based on morphological characteristics among Bintan, Karimun, and Lingga accessions. However, the cluster constructions were more on the traits’ similarity than locality based. For principal component analysis (PCA), 19 morphological traits can benefit as diagnostic features to distinguish the pitcher groups. The study revealed that pitcher plants have diverse phenotypic plasticity in the Riau Archipelago, which is experiencing land conversion for tourism activities. The pitcher plants diversity has the genetic potential for ornamental plants development and is a biological wealth that requires conservation for research, tourism activities, and future generations.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46877451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.30
KK Sattarov
The presented research describes the hydrogenation technology and the chemistry of vegetable oils and fats using powder and stationary catalysts. The hydrogenation technology process includes various equipment and materials, i.e., equipment for hydrogenation, laboratory flow reactor, autoclave for hydrogenation on powder nickel-copper catalyst, hydrogenation catalysts, and selection of alloy stationary catalysts and their structure. The hydrogenation process includes selecting alloy nickelaluminum catalyst promoters, measuring the viscosity of hydrogenated fat, using static catalysts as forcontacts, kinetic regularities of cotton oil hydrogenation with new modifications of nickel-copperaluminum alloy promoted catalysts, and reception of food hydrogenated fat by consecutive hydrogenation of cotton oil on powder and stationary catalysts. Modifying immobile nickel-copperaluminum alloy catalysts also evolved with the addition of vanadium, rhodium, and palladium in the hydrogenation process. The cotton oil pre-contact hydrogenation on stationary and powder nickelcopper catalysts is a novel development. It ensures an increase in the physiological and nutritional value of margarine products based on hydrogenated food fat. Studying the influence of technological regimes of cotton oil hydrogenation on new modifications of stationary nickel-copper-aluminum promoted catalysts commenced. The obtained results established the technological parameters for acquiring food and confectionery salons by combining stationary and suspended catalysts. Likewise, a combination of stationary and suspended catalysts has instituted the industrial parameters for the production of food and confectionery salons based on the effects of technological regimes (temperature, pressure, oil, and hydrogen supply rates) of cottonseed oil hydrogenation on new modifications of stationary nickel-copper-aluminum promoted catalysts.
{"title":"HYDROGENATION TECHNOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY OF COTTONSEED OIL AND FATS","authors":"KK Sattarov","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.30","url":null,"abstract":"The presented research describes the hydrogenation technology and the chemistry of vegetable oils and fats using powder and stationary catalysts. The hydrogenation technology process includes various equipment and materials, i.e., equipment for hydrogenation, laboratory flow reactor, autoclave for hydrogenation on powder nickel-copper catalyst, hydrogenation catalysts, and selection of alloy stationary catalysts and their structure. The hydrogenation process includes selecting alloy nickelaluminum catalyst promoters, measuring the viscosity of hydrogenated fat, using static catalysts as forcontacts, kinetic regularities of cotton oil hydrogenation with new modifications of nickel-copperaluminum alloy promoted catalysts, and reception of food hydrogenated fat by consecutive hydrogenation of cotton oil on powder and stationary catalysts. Modifying immobile nickel-copperaluminum alloy catalysts also evolved with the addition of vanadium, rhodium, and palladium in the hydrogenation process. The cotton oil pre-contact hydrogenation on stationary and powder nickelcopper catalysts is a novel development. It ensures an increase in the physiological and nutritional value of margarine products based on hydrogenated food fat. Studying the influence of technological regimes of cotton oil hydrogenation on new modifications of stationary nickel-copper-aluminum promoted catalysts commenced. The obtained results established the technological parameters for acquiring food and confectionery salons by combining stationary and suspended catalysts. Likewise, a combination of stationary and suspended catalysts has instituted the industrial parameters for the production of food and confectionery salons based on the effects of technological regimes (temperature, pressure, oil, and hydrogen supply rates) of cottonseed oil hydrogenation on new modifications of stationary nickel-copper-aluminum promoted catalysts.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44381889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.10
RK Putri, BS Purwoko, I. Dewi, I. Lubis, S. Yuriyah
Developing new high-yielding rice varieties resistant to bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is an effective strategy for controlling BLB. Several advanced doubled haploid rice lines derived from anther culture previously selected need assessment for BLB resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of these lines to BLB pathotypes III, IV, and VIII in the vegetative and generative phases. The experiment took place in a greenhouse using 16 rice genotypes comprising 12 doubled haploid rice lines, two commercial check varieties (Inpari 18 and Inpari 34), and a BLB-resistant and susceptible check variety (Code and TN-1, respectively). Inoculation began with the leaf clipping method using a suspension of the pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) at a concentration of 109 cfu/ml. The results indicated significant influences on disease severity and intensity of BLB of pathotype, genotype, and the interactions between pathotype and genotype, finding their values higher in the vegetative phase. Six doubled haploid lines ranged from resistant to moderately resistant (disease severity 2.0%–10.7%, disease intensity 6.7%–36.8%) to pathotypes III and IV in two growth phases, i.e., HS1-35-1-4, HS4-15-1-9, HS4-15-1-16, HS4-15-1-24, HS4-15-1-26, and HS4-15-1-28. All those doubled haploid lines were susceptible to BLB pathotype VIII in the vegetative phase and moderately susceptible in the generative phase.
{"title":"RESISTANCE OF DOUBLED HAPLOID RICE LINES TO BACTERIAL LEAF BLIGHT (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae)","authors":"RK Putri, BS Purwoko, I. Dewi, I. Lubis, S. Yuriyah","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"Developing new high-yielding rice varieties resistant to bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is an effective strategy for controlling BLB. Several advanced doubled haploid rice lines derived from anther culture previously selected need assessment for BLB resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of these lines to BLB pathotypes III, IV, and VIII in the vegetative and generative phases. The experiment took place in a greenhouse using 16 rice genotypes comprising 12 doubled haploid rice lines, two commercial check varieties (Inpari 18 and Inpari 34), and a BLB-resistant and susceptible check variety (Code and TN-1, respectively). Inoculation began with the leaf clipping method using a suspension of the pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) at a concentration of 109 cfu/ml. The results indicated significant influences on disease severity and intensity of BLB of pathotype, genotype, and the interactions between pathotype and genotype, finding their values higher in the vegetative phase. Six doubled haploid lines ranged from resistant to moderately resistant (disease severity 2.0%–10.7%, disease intensity 6.7%–36.8%) to pathotypes III and IV in two growth phases, i.e., HS1-35-1-4, HS4-15-1-9, HS4-15-1-16, HS4-15-1-24, HS4-15-1-26, and HS4-15-1-28. All those doubled haploid lines were susceptible to BLB pathotype VIII in the vegetative phase and moderately susceptible in the generative phase.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41820141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.19
SN Pratama, Sudarsono, SW Ardie, D. Sukma
Cassava leaves’ consumption as vegetables are common in several Asian countries. They contain various nutrients, such as, anthocyanins, carotene, minerals, and vitamins. New varieties with high mineral contents in leaves need development to increase the leaves’ quality as vegetables. This study aimed to identify and characterize cassava genotypes of the MV10 generation resulting from gammaray- induced mutations based on the leaves' morphology, growth characteristics, and mineral contents, using two cultivars and 10 cassava genotypes. All genotypes planted in a randomized complete block design had three replications. The leaf's morphology and mineral contents underwent scrutiny on the third to fifth leaf below the apical shoot. The mineral content analysis used the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method. Data analysis comprised the ANOVA test and descriptive analysis. This study revealed petiole length, leaf lobe length, and leaf lobe width were significantly different between genotypes at four months after planting (MAP). However, no meaningful difference showed for the plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves among genotypes. In general, the leaf morphology consisted of purplish green apical leaves with present pubescence; the shape of the central leaflet is lanceolate; the petiole color is reddish to greenish; leaves are dark green with five to seven leaf lobes; leaf veins are reddish-green; smooth lobe margins; and horizontal petiole orientation. The genotypes affect mineral contents, as the genotype with the highest Mg contents was G6-2-15-5-3, and the one with the highest Zn contents was G2D1-422. Fe contents showed more variations between genotypes, and no genotype showed consistently high Fe contents. This research produced promising genotypes for Mg or Zn contents in leaves for future cassava varieties for vegetable production.
{"title":"IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CASSAVA MUTANT GENOTYPES WITH HIGH LEAF MINERAL CONTENT AT THE MV10 GENERATION","authors":"SN Pratama, Sudarsono, SW Ardie, D. Sukma","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.19","url":null,"abstract":"Cassava leaves’ consumption as vegetables are common in several Asian countries. They contain various nutrients, such as, anthocyanins, carotene, minerals, and vitamins. New varieties with high mineral contents in leaves need development to increase the leaves’ quality as vegetables. This study aimed to identify and characterize cassava genotypes of the MV10 generation resulting from gammaray- induced mutations based on the leaves' morphology, growth characteristics, and mineral contents, using two cultivars and 10 cassava genotypes. All genotypes planted in a randomized complete block design had three replications. The leaf's morphology and mineral contents underwent scrutiny on the third to fifth leaf below the apical shoot. The mineral content analysis used the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method. Data analysis comprised the ANOVA test and descriptive analysis. This study revealed petiole length, leaf lobe length, and leaf lobe width were significantly different between genotypes at four months after planting (MAP). However, no meaningful difference showed for the plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves among genotypes. In general, the leaf morphology consisted of purplish green apical leaves with present pubescence; the shape of the central leaflet is lanceolate; the petiole color is reddish to greenish; leaves are dark green with five to seven leaf lobes; leaf veins are reddish-green; smooth lobe margins; and horizontal petiole orientation. The genotypes affect mineral contents, as the genotype with the highest Mg contents was G6-2-15-5-3, and the one with the highest Zn contents was G2D1-422. Fe contents showed more variations between genotypes, and no genotype showed consistently high Fe contents. This research produced promising genotypes for Mg or Zn contents in leaves for future cassava varieties for vegetable production.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42438197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.14
I. Kurbanbaev, S. Abdushukirova, Z. Toshmatov, A. Amanov, A. Azimov, J. Shavkiev
Assessment of botanical and genetic collection of soybean cultivars transpired during 2021–2022, for morphological and yield-related traits and their impact on nodule bacteria and soil fertility, at the Dormon Scientific Experimental Station, Institute of Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, District Kibray, Tashkent region, Uzbekistan. The soybean cultivars, grown in a randomized complete block design, had a factorial arrangement with three replications. Results revealed that in the botanical collection, the highest seed yield per plant came from the soybean cultivar K-2600 (48.3 ± 1.30 g), 1000-grain weight from Bk-105 (215.9 ± 0.15 g), and the number of grains per plant from the genotype K-2600 (346.4 ± 6.48). Moreover, in the genetic collection, the high oil content resulted in the genotypes Gen-15 (20.11%), Gen-13 (19.46%), and Gen-11 (19.40%). The higher values of the total protein content emerged in the soybean cultivars, Ehtiyozh (34.09%) and Gen-9 (33.74%), Gen-19 (34.72%), and Gen-26 (33.08%). Among the two types of soybean collections studied, the most substantial number of root nodules appeared in the cultivar Sochilmas (96.65 ± 0.11) during the pod formation phase. The recorded highest amount of soil microelements, according to soil analysis, was at the sowing site of the soybean cultivar, Genetiс-1 and on average, the soil samples contained N-NO3 (28 mg/kg), mobile P2О (212.3 mg/kg), and volatile trace element K2О5 (36 mg/kg), found to remain in the soil after crop harvesting. The conclusion based on the results indicates that the local soybean cultivar Genetik-1 has a more positive effect on improving soil fertility versus the other genotypes in both collections.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF BOTANICAL AND GENETIC COLLECTION OF SOYBEAN FOR MORPHOLOGICAL AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES AND THEIR IMPACT ON NODULE-ASSOCIATED BACTERIA AND SOIL FERTILITY","authors":"I. Kurbanbaev, S. Abdushukirova, Z. Toshmatov, A. Amanov, A. Azimov, J. Shavkiev","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.14","url":null,"abstract":"Assessment of botanical and genetic collection of soybean cultivars transpired during 2021–2022, for morphological and yield-related traits and their impact on nodule bacteria and soil fertility, at the Dormon Scientific Experimental Station, Institute of Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, District Kibray, Tashkent region, Uzbekistan. The soybean cultivars, grown in a randomized complete block design, had a factorial arrangement with three replications. Results revealed that in the botanical collection, the highest seed yield per plant came from the soybean cultivar K-2600 (48.3 ± 1.30 g), 1000-grain weight from Bk-105 (215.9 ± 0.15 g), and the number of grains per plant from the genotype K-2600 (346.4 ± 6.48). Moreover, in the genetic collection, the high oil content resulted in the genotypes Gen-15 (20.11%), Gen-13 (19.46%), and Gen-11 (19.40%). The higher values of the total protein content emerged in the soybean cultivars, Ehtiyozh (34.09%) and Gen-9 (33.74%), Gen-19 (34.72%), and Gen-26 (33.08%). Among the two types of soybean collections studied, the most substantial number of root nodules appeared in the cultivar Sochilmas (96.65 ± 0.11) during the pod formation phase. The recorded highest amount of soil microelements, according to soil analysis, was at the sowing site of the soybean cultivar, Genetiс-1 and on average, the soil samples contained N-NO3 (28 mg/kg), mobile P2О (212.3 mg/kg), and volatile trace element K2О5 (36 mg/kg), found to remain in the soil after crop harvesting. The conclusion based on the results indicates that the local soybean cultivar Genetik-1 has a more positive effect on improving soil fertility versus the other genotypes in both collections.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48166858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.22
VT Ho, T. Nguyen, Lbn Nguyen, T.T. Nguyen, MP Nguyen
Camellia is a large genus in the tea family of Theaceae. In this genus, several species serve different purposes, such as, medicinal and ornamental plants and beverage production. Thus, country-wide cultivation of various species of Camellia genus sought to alleviate poverty and promote economic development in many regions. However, studies on evaluating its genetic resources as a foundation for the conservation and development of this plant are yet to start. Currently, using DNA barcoding often serves as a highly reliable approach to identifying and characterizing numerous plants. In the presented study, a total of 10 Camellia accessions collected from Dong Bua village, Tam Quan commune, District Tam Dao, and Vinh Phuc province, Vietnam, underwent study during 2020–2022 at Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, Vietnam. Evaluation of two DNA barcoding regions, namely, rbcL and trnH-psbA, transpired for their ability to distinguish the Camellia accessions belonging to different species in Vietnam. The results revealed a significant difference in the DNA sequences of the rbcL and trnH-psbA regions among the Camellia species. In addition, the trnH-psbA barcode region also showed higher effectiveness versus the rbcL region in recognizing various species of Camellia. The results authenticated the potential of DNA barcoding in the management, conservation, and development of the genetic resources of Camellia in Vietnam.
{"title":"COMPARISON OF rbcL AND trnH-psbA DNA BARCODES IN DIVERSE CAMELLIA SPECIES COLLECTION IN VIETNAM","authors":"VT Ho, T. Nguyen, Lbn Nguyen, T.T. Nguyen, MP Nguyen","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.22","url":null,"abstract":"Camellia is a large genus in the tea family of Theaceae. In this genus, several species serve different purposes, such as, medicinal and ornamental plants and beverage production. Thus, country-wide cultivation of various species of Camellia genus sought to alleviate poverty and promote economic development in many regions. However, studies on evaluating its genetic resources as a foundation for the conservation and development of this plant are yet to start. Currently, using DNA barcoding often serves as a highly reliable approach to identifying and characterizing numerous plants. In the presented study, a total of 10 Camellia accessions collected from Dong Bua village, Tam Quan commune, District Tam Dao, and Vinh Phuc province, Vietnam, underwent study during 2020–2022 at Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, Vietnam. Evaluation of two DNA barcoding regions, namely, rbcL and trnH-psbA, transpired for their ability to distinguish the Camellia accessions belonging to different species in Vietnam. The results revealed a significant difference in the DNA sequences of the rbcL and trnH-psbA regions among the Camellia species. In addition, the trnH-psbA barcode region also showed higher effectiveness versus the rbcL region in recognizing various species of Camellia. The results authenticated the potential of DNA barcoding in the management, conservation, and development of the genetic resources of Camellia in Vietnam.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47026423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.18
S. Baidalina, M. Baidalina, A. Khusainov, N. Kazydub, A. Baiken
Studies of the photosynthetic activity of perennial grass mixtures allow for describing the peculiarities of the formation of perennial grass species forage productivity in the dry steppe zone. The study aimed to evaluate the cumulative effect of perennial cereal and legume grasses as part of complex grass mixtures on photosynthetic activity, productivity, and nutritional value of mowing and grazing phytocenoses. Adapting multicomponent grass created from various species of perennial grasses to the continental climate of the steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan commenced, capable of resisting biotic and abiotic stresses due to biological characteristics and positively influencing other species in the phytocenoses. The study determined photosynthetic activity, the yield of green and dry masses, dry matter content, crude protein, metabolizable energy of natural pasture, single-species sowing of awnless brome, and multicomponent grass mixtures. The communal herbage obtained as a result of the study contained a large amount of crude protein (20.6%–24.7%), crude fat (2.0%–4.2%), crude fiber (18.0%–22.7%), crude ash (7.1%–7.7%), and nitrogen-free extractive substances (35.0%– 44.1%). The results further enunciated that the perennial grass herbage in question had an average photosynthetic potential of 1,450,330 m2×day ha-1 in single-species awnless brome crops, while in grass mixtures the said potential was higher, ranging from 1,510,250 to 1,815,250 m2×day ha-1. The authors concluded that it was necessary to create mowing and grazing fields composed of productive and stable perennial grass mixtures on degraded pasture lands to increase available forage for farm animals and improve the system's resistance to adverse conditions.
{"title":"PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY, PRODUCTIVITY, AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF MOWING AND GRAZING PHYTOCENOSES DEPENDING ON THE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF GRASSES","authors":"S. Baidalina, M. Baidalina, A. Khusainov, N. Kazydub, A. Baiken","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.18","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of the photosynthetic activity of perennial grass mixtures allow for describing the peculiarities of the formation of perennial grass species forage productivity in the dry steppe zone. The study aimed to evaluate the cumulative effect of perennial cereal and legume grasses as part of complex grass mixtures on photosynthetic activity, productivity, and nutritional value of mowing and grazing phytocenoses. Adapting multicomponent grass created from various species of perennial grasses to the continental climate of the steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan commenced, capable of resisting biotic and abiotic stresses due to biological characteristics and positively influencing other species in the phytocenoses. The study determined photosynthetic activity, the yield of green and dry masses, dry matter content, crude protein, metabolizable energy of natural pasture, single-species sowing of awnless brome, and multicomponent grass mixtures. The communal herbage obtained as a result of the study contained a large amount of crude protein (20.6%–24.7%), crude fat (2.0%–4.2%), crude fiber (18.0%–22.7%), crude ash (7.1%–7.7%), and nitrogen-free extractive substances (35.0%– 44.1%). The results further enunciated that the perennial grass herbage in question had an average photosynthetic potential of 1,450,330 m2×day ha-1 in single-species awnless brome crops, while in grass mixtures the said potential was higher, ranging from 1,510,250 to 1,815,250 m2×day ha-1. The authors concluded that it was necessary to create mowing and grazing fields composed of productive and stable perennial grass mixtures on degraded pasture lands to increase available forage for farm animals and improve the system's resistance to adverse conditions.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42407563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.8
I. Tabu, K. Lubobo, K. Mbuya, N. Kimuni
Developing a high-yielding and provitamin A-rich maize variety is one of the best approaches to reduce malnutrition and increase production, especially in regions where maize is a staple food, such as, the former Katanga Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. However, it requires a good knowledge of combining ability and heterosis for grain yield and provitamin A. Thus, evaluating grain yield, provitamin A content and other agronomic traits of eight lines, four testers, and their 32 hybrids occurred during the 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 cropping seasons. The results showed that genetic parameters related to combining ability and heterosis among various F1 hybrids influenced all the studied traits except plant height. The parental genotypes P6 and P10 were suitable for improving 100-kernel weight, grain yield, stature at ear insertion, and provitamin A content. The parental genotypes P7, P4, and P2 were promising for provitamin A content, while the parental genotype P3 was leading for grain yield. Five hybrids (P10 × P5, P10 × P6, P10 × P7, P10 × P8, and P11 × P5) showed distinction as the best specific combinations for improving productivity and provitamin A content. The F1 hybrid P10 × P6 with desirable specific combining ability revealed that it is helpful as the best combination in producing double and triple hybrids with the highest yield and provitamin A potential. Crosses P10 × P5 and P11 × P5 can serve as the best cross combinations for grain yield, while hybrids P10 × P7 and P10 × P8 showed promising for provitamin A content. The presented results could benefit future breeding programs to develop maize genotypes with high yield and provitamin A elements, alleviating food insecurity and malnutrition.
{"title":"HETEROSIS AND LINE-BY-TESTER COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS FOR GRAIN YIELD AND PROVITAMIN A IN MAIZE","authors":"I. Tabu, K. Lubobo, K. Mbuya, N. Kimuni","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"Developing a high-yielding and provitamin A-rich maize variety is one of the best approaches to reduce malnutrition and increase production, especially in regions where maize is a staple food, such as, the former Katanga Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. However, it requires a good knowledge of combining ability and heterosis for grain yield and provitamin A. Thus, evaluating grain yield, provitamin A content and other agronomic traits of eight lines, four testers, and their 32 hybrids occurred during the 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 cropping seasons. The results showed that genetic parameters related to combining ability and heterosis among various F1 hybrids influenced all the studied traits except plant height. The parental genotypes P6 and P10 were suitable for improving 100-kernel weight, grain yield, stature at ear insertion, and provitamin A content. The parental genotypes P7, P4, and P2 were promising for provitamin A content, while the parental genotype P3 was leading for grain yield. Five hybrids (P10 × P5, P10 × P6, P10 × P7, P10 × P8, and P11 × P5) showed distinction as the best specific combinations for improving productivity and provitamin A content. The F1 hybrid P10 × P6 with desirable specific combining ability revealed that it is helpful as the best combination in producing double and triple hybrids with the highest yield and provitamin A potential. Crosses P10 × P5 and P11 × P5 can serve as the best cross combinations for grain yield, while hybrids P10 × P7 and P10 × P8 showed promising for provitamin A content. The presented results could benefit future breeding programs to develop maize genotypes with high yield and provitamin A elements, alleviating food insecurity and malnutrition.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43170185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.3
Sopb Samonte, D. Sanchez, Jbb Alpuerto, LT Wilson, Z. Yan, M. Thomson
Heterotic groups are necessary for high vigor in hybrid rice. However, hybrids produced from crosses between parents from different rice subspecies (i.e., Indica × Japonica) have extensive incompatibility issues exhibited by low seed sets. The study objectives were to evaluate the heterosis in grain yield and yield-related traits between hybrids produced from low and high parental genetic distances (PGDs) and demonstrate the heterotic group approach in rice. From PGDs, eight and three hybrids were assigned to the low and high PGD hybrid groups, respectively. Neighbor-joining clustering and model-based population structure analyses classified the hybrid parents into four heterotic groups, with the low and high PGD hybrid groups found consisting of intra-subpopulation and intersubpopulation crosses, respectively. Replicated yield trials conducted at Beaumont, Texas, transpired in 2019 and 2020. The hybrids exhibited normal seed sets, with at least one of each hybrid's parents determined to possess the wide compatibility S5n allele necessary for normal seed sets in wide crosses. Trait and standard heterosis values estimates included the number of days to heading, plant height, tiller density, and grain yield. Higher trait values and heterosis for tiller density and grain yield occurred in the high than the low PGD hybrid group, especially in the inter-subpopulation crosses with indica rice. PGD had consistent positive correlations with heterosis for grain yield (r = 0.41 to 0.60) and tiller density (0.28 to 0.36) in both years. PGDs aid in determining highly heterotic cross combinations for tiller density and grain yield and in forming heterotic groups. Heterotic grouping is advisable through cluster and structure analyses of genome-wide markers instead of identifying genetically-distant crosses based on pedigree information.
{"title":"HETEROSIS AND HETEROTIC GROUPING EFFECTS ON GRAIN YIELD, HEIGHT, TILLER DENSITY, AND DAYS TO HEADING IN HYBRID RICE (ORYZA","authors":"Sopb Samonte, D. Sanchez, Jbb Alpuerto, LT Wilson, Z. Yan, M. Thomson","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Heterotic groups are necessary for high vigor in hybrid rice. However, hybrids produced from crosses between parents from different rice subspecies (i.e., Indica × Japonica) have extensive incompatibility issues exhibited by low seed sets. The study objectives were to evaluate the heterosis in grain yield and yield-related traits between hybrids produced from low and high parental genetic distances (PGDs) and demonstrate the heterotic group approach in rice. From PGDs, eight and three hybrids were assigned to the low and high PGD hybrid groups, respectively. Neighbor-joining clustering and model-based population structure analyses classified the hybrid parents into four heterotic groups, with the low and high PGD hybrid groups found consisting of intra-subpopulation and intersubpopulation crosses, respectively. Replicated yield trials conducted at Beaumont, Texas, transpired in 2019 and 2020. The hybrids exhibited normal seed sets, with at least one of each hybrid's parents determined to possess the wide compatibility S5n allele necessary for normal seed sets in wide crosses. Trait and standard heterosis values estimates included the number of days to heading, plant height, tiller density, and grain yield. Higher trait values and heterosis for tiller density and grain yield occurred in the high than the low PGD hybrid group, especially in the inter-subpopulation crosses with indica rice. PGD had consistent positive correlations with heterosis for grain yield (r = 0.41 to 0.60) and tiller density (0.28 to 0.36) in both years. PGDs aid in determining highly heterotic cross combinations for tiller density and grain yield and in forming heterotic groups. Heterotic grouping is advisable through cluster and structure analyses of genome-wide markers instead of identifying genetically-distant crosses based on pedigree information.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46416925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.4
NE Chorshanbiev, SM Nabiev, AA Azimov, J. Shavkiev, EA Pardaev, AO Quziboev
In intraspecific F1 diallel hybrids of Gossypium barbadense L., the inheritance study of traits plant height, boll weight, plant productivity, and 1000-seed weight, with combining ability analysis took place in 2020–2022 at the Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences, Uzbekistan. These polygenic traits’ inheritance showed different ways in the fine-fiber cotton F1 hybrids. The plant height trait’s inheritance with overdominance and intermediate level of the high/low-performance cultivars. The boll weight trait was mainly in negative overdominance with incomplete dominance of the low-performance cultivar. The inheritance of seed cotton yield had the positive overdominance main control, while the 1000-seed weight had negative and positive overdominance. According to combining ability analysis, the highest positive general combining ability effects resulted in fine-fiber cotton cultivars Surkhan-14 (ĝi = 8.71) and Bo'ston (ĝi =1.86) for plant height, Guzor (ĝi = 0.12) for boll weight, in genotypes Marvarid (ĝi = 2.44) and Surkhan-14 (ĝi = 2.95) for plant productivity, and in cultivars Marvarid (ĝi = 2.3) and Guzor (ĝi = 2.8) for 1000-seed weight. The F1 hybrids Guzor × Surkhan-14, Marvarid × Bo'ston, and Bo'ston × Surkhan-14 showed the highest positive and desirable specific combining ability effects for 1000-seed weight and seed cotton yield. Results concluded that fine-fiber cotton cultivars Marvarid, Surkhan-14, and Guzor can benefit as initial breeding material in selecting high-yielding cotton cultivars.
{"title":"INHERITANCE OF MORPHO-ECONOMIC TRAITS AND COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS IN INTRASPECIFIC HYBRIDS OF GOSSYPIUM BARBADENSE L.","authors":"NE Chorshanbiev, SM Nabiev, AA Azimov, J. Shavkiev, EA Pardaev, AO Quziboev","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"In intraspecific F1 diallel hybrids of Gossypium barbadense L., the inheritance study of traits plant height, boll weight, plant productivity, and 1000-seed weight, with combining ability analysis took place in 2020–2022 at the Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences, Uzbekistan. These polygenic traits’ inheritance showed different ways in the fine-fiber cotton F1 hybrids. The plant height trait’s inheritance with overdominance and intermediate level of the high/low-performance cultivars. The boll weight trait was mainly in negative overdominance with incomplete dominance of the low-performance cultivar. The inheritance of seed cotton yield had the positive overdominance main control, while the 1000-seed weight had negative and positive overdominance. According to combining ability analysis, the highest positive general combining ability effects resulted in fine-fiber cotton cultivars Surkhan-14 (ĝi = 8.71) and Bo'ston (ĝi =1.86) for plant height, Guzor (ĝi = 0.12) for boll weight, in genotypes Marvarid (ĝi = 2.44) and Surkhan-14 (ĝi = 2.95) for plant productivity, and in cultivars Marvarid (ĝi = 2.3) and Guzor (ĝi = 2.8) for 1000-seed weight. The F1 hybrids Guzor × Surkhan-14, Marvarid × Bo'ston, and Bo'ston × Surkhan-14 showed the highest positive and desirable specific combining ability effects for 1000-seed weight and seed cotton yield. Results concluded that fine-fiber cotton cultivars Marvarid, Surkhan-14, and Guzor can benefit as initial breeding material in selecting high-yielding cotton cultivars.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43109698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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