Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.15
A AMANGELDIYEVA, A DANIYAROVA, LK TABYNBAYEVA, S BASTAUBAYEVA, N KOVALCHUK, R YERZHEBAYEVA
The genetic diversity and homogeneity of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) source lines underwent analysis to select the promising parental pairs for hybridization. The 420 individual plants from 21 sugar beet lines served as research materials. A result of the study of polymorphism with nine SSR markers obtained 22 alleles, with an average of 2.4 alleles per marker. The Bvv155 marker emerged as the most useful for detecting the genetic diversity of sugar beet lines and predicting heterosis. Identifying the FDSB1002, FDSB1007, and FDSB957 markers as polymorphic determined the intra-linear heterogeneity of the source material. The analysis of molecular variance showed that in the studied sugar beet samples, the highest variation was prominent among the populations (48%), while heterogeneity within the population was 21%. The genetic distances between pollinator lines and lines with cytoplasmic male sterility ranged by 1.4–3.5 (Euclidean distances) and 0.12–1.0 (Nei’s distances). Distinguishing seven parent pairs of sugar beet attained endorsement for crosses having Nei’s genetic distance of D = 0.81 will create highly productive hybrids. The presented results may play a vital role in developing heterotic hybrids in sugar beet through a practical breeding program.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF THE GENETIC DIVERSITY IN SUGAR BEET (BETA VULGARIS L.) USING SSR MARKERS","authors":"A AMANGELDIYEVA, A DANIYAROVA, LK TABYNBAYEVA, S BASTAUBAYEVA, N KOVALCHUK, R YERZHEBAYEVA","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.15","url":null,"abstract":"The genetic diversity and homogeneity of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) source lines underwent analysis to select the promising parental pairs for hybridization. The 420 individual plants from 21 sugar beet lines served as research materials. A result of the study of polymorphism with nine SSR markers obtained 22 alleles, with an average of 2.4 alleles per marker. The Bvv155 marker emerged as the most useful for detecting the genetic diversity of sugar beet lines and predicting heterosis. Identifying the FDSB1002, FDSB1007, and FDSB957 markers as polymorphic determined the intra-linear heterogeneity of the source material. The analysis of molecular variance showed that in the studied sugar beet samples, the highest variation was prominent among the populations (48%), while heterogeneity within the population was 21%. The genetic distances between pollinator lines and lines with cytoplasmic male sterility ranged by 1.4–3.5 (Euclidean distances) and 0.12–1.0 (Nei’s distances). Distinguishing seven parent pairs of sugar beet attained endorsement for crosses having Nei’s genetic distance of D = 0.81 will create highly productive hybrids. The presented results may play a vital role in developing heterotic hybrids in sugar beet through a practical breeding program.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":"84 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135929695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.1
S RAUF, M SHEHZAD, S FATIMA, ML WARBURTON, P MALINOWSKI
Soybean is an essential protein and oilseed crop, but environmental factors, such as photoperiod and altitude, highly influence its growth. Poor adaptability of soybean cultivars may result in a significant decrease in seed yield due to disruption of flowering or maturity. It is, therefore, vital to select cultivars adapted to specific regions of the world. Global climate change, causing increasing temperature and associated water deficit stress, may further challenge sustainable soybean production worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to understand genetic responses in soybeans induced by environmental variables. This review highlights previous research showing how several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) activated by photo-thermal responses affected soybean flowering. We discuss cytogenetic stocks, including chromosome segment substitution lines, and their role in introgressing novel genes from wild soybeans. A review of genes showing responses to various environmental variables that affect soybean adaptability is also ensued, with putative functions suggested. These include gene response regulation to temperature and heat stress, identified via genetic mapping, and emerged as tools for developing adapted soybean cultivars.
{"title":"GENETIC ENHANCEMENT OF SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX L.) GERMPLASM FOR ADAPTABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY","authors":"S RAUF, M SHEHZAD, S FATIMA, ML WARBURTON, P MALINOWSKI","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.1","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean is an essential protein and oilseed crop, but environmental factors, such as photoperiod and altitude, highly influence its growth. Poor adaptability of soybean cultivars may result in a significant decrease in seed yield due to disruption of flowering or maturity. It is, therefore, vital to select cultivars adapted to specific regions of the world. Global climate change, causing increasing temperature and associated water deficit stress, may further challenge sustainable soybean production worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to understand genetic responses in soybeans induced by environmental variables. This review highlights previous research showing how several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) activated by photo-thermal responses affected soybean flowering. We discuss cytogenetic stocks, including chromosome segment substitution lines, and their role in introgressing novel genes from wild soybeans. A review of genes showing responses to various environmental variables that affect soybean adaptability is also ensued, with putative functions suggested. These include gene response regulation to temperature and heat stress, identified via genetic mapping, and emerged as tools for developing adapted soybean cultivars.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135870291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.33
RK ZHAPAYEV, GT KUNPIYAEVA, SH OSPANBAYEV, AS SEMBAYEVA, ND IBASH, MG MUSTAFAEV, AE KHIDIROV
The promotion and rational development of drylands employed two tillage regimes (plowing to 20–22 cm and no-till) during the spring wheat and barley cultivation in Southeast Kazakhstan. The results established that the no-till scheme contributed to forming an excellent aggregate state of the arable soil layer for spring wheat and barley (65%–69%). The water-resistant aggregates were the highest with no-tillage (19.3%–21.8%), indicating the unsatisfactory water resistance of the soil structure. Enhancing the water-resistant aggregates requires using organic fertilizers to improve the establishment of perennial grasses, green manuring, and cover crops. No-till system inclined to boost the optimal soil density from a loose and slightly compact state of 1.19–1.23 g/cm3 to a dense 1.32–1.39 g/cm3. According to crop cultivar and tillage methods, the spring wheat and barley grain yield varied between 2.84 and 3.89 t/ha. High grain yield came from the spring barley cultivar Symbat. Spring showed promising performance when the plowing level was 20–22 cm and inferior only by 0.25 and 0.15 t/ha with no-till. Based on the two-factor analysis of variance, the cultivar contribution to the spring wheat and barley grain yield buildup depended on the shares of crop season of the research (year – environment) (40.9%–62.2%) and the tillage regimes (22.4%–32.2%). The grain yield formation was more dependent on the studied crops and their cultivars, and the dependence increased over the crop seasons due to weather conditions during the crop period.
{"title":"STRUCTURAL-AGGREGATE COMPOSITION AND SOIL WATER RESISTANCE BASED ON TILLAGE REGIMES IN SOUTHEAST KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"RK ZHAPAYEV, GT KUNPIYAEVA, SH OSPANBAYEV, AS SEMBAYEVA, ND IBASH, MG MUSTAFAEV, AE KHIDIROV","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.33","url":null,"abstract":"The promotion and rational development of drylands employed two tillage regimes (plowing to 20–22 cm and no-till) during the spring wheat and barley cultivation in Southeast Kazakhstan. The results established that the no-till scheme contributed to forming an excellent aggregate state of the arable soil layer for spring wheat and barley (65%–69%). The water-resistant aggregates were the highest with no-tillage (19.3%–21.8%), indicating the unsatisfactory water resistance of the soil structure. Enhancing the water-resistant aggregates requires using organic fertilizers to improve the establishment of perennial grasses, green manuring, and cover crops. No-till system inclined to boost the optimal soil density from a loose and slightly compact state of 1.19–1.23 g/cm3 to a dense 1.32–1.39 g/cm3. According to crop cultivar and tillage methods, the spring wheat and barley grain yield varied between 2.84 and 3.89 t/ha. High grain yield came from the spring barley cultivar Symbat. Spring showed promising performance when the plowing level was 20–22 cm and inferior only by 0.25 and 0.15 t/ha with no-till. Based on the two-factor analysis of variance, the cultivar contribution to the spring wheat and barley grain yield buildup depended on the shares of crop season of the research (year – environment) (40.9%–62.2%) and the tillage regimes (22.4%–32.2%). The grain yield formation was more dependent on the studied crops and their cultivars, and the dependence increased over the crop seasons due to weather conditions during the crop period.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135928467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.26
TO ALTYNBEK, PA ESENBEKOVA, MB ZHAXYBAYEV, KI BATYROVA, DK KULZHANOVA
The material for this research resulted from the authors’ work during 2018–2020 at the Charyn Nature Park in different floodplain reservoirs of the Charyn and Temirlik Rivers, Almaty region, Kazakhstan. Their study of the fauna and ecology of Hemiptera followed the methods of route surveys and stationary observations. The simplest way to collect is to catch aquatic Hemiptera using aquatic entomological nets and account for potential water bugs. Corixidae has 21 species, while other families have one or two species. Their density comprised Gerridae (8–10), Corixidae (16–20), Naucoridae (3–5), Notonecta (8–9), and Ranatra (3–5) specimens/m2, respectively. The mass species found included Ilyocoris cimicoides, Noton ecta glauca, Nepa cinerea, and Gerris costae. During the autumn survey, an observation revealed that the previously studied reservoirs have decreased in size, and some have even dried up. In the coastal part of the reservoirs, water scorpions (Nepa cinerea) were crawling along the bottom of the pool. Water backswimmers (Notonectidae) and toad bugs (Naucoridae) moved to deeper pond areas. Representatives of the Corixidae family were zoophytophages (21 species), with the remaining species being zoophages (12 species). Under the Charyn Nature Park conditions, most species were mono or univoltine (21 species), bivoltine (five species), and poly or multivoltine (seven species). The fauna of the Charyn State National Nature Park (SNNP) has the main characteristic of species of Hemiptera with Western Asia (40%), Trans-Palearctic (21%), Western Palearctic (18%), and Trans-Eurasian (12%) ranges. All the recognized species have a wide selection of hunting objects, feeding on aquatic invertebrates, including regulating the numbers of blood-sucking mosquito larvae (Culicidae).
{"title":"THE FAUNA OF AQUATIC HEMIPTERA (HETEROPTERA) IN CHARYN NATURE PARK","authors":"TO ALTYNBEK, PA ESENBEKOVA, MB ZHAXYBAYEV, KI BATYROVA, DK KULZHANOVA","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.26","url":null,"abstract":"The material for this research resulted from the authors’ work during 2018–2020 at the Charyn Nature Park in different floodplain reservoirs of the Charyn and Temirlik Rivers, Almaty region, Kazakhstan. Their study of the fauna and ecology of Hemiptera followed the methods of route surveys and stationary observations. The simplest way to collect is to catch aquatic Hemiptera using aquatic entomological nets and account for potential water bugs. Corixidae has 21 species, while other families have one or two species. Their density comprised Gerridae (8–10), Corixidae (16–20), Naucoridae (3–5), Notonecta (8–9), and Ranatra (3–5) specimens/m2, respectively. The mass species found included Ilyocoris cimicoides, Noton ecta glauca, Nepa cinerea, and Gerris costae. During the autumn survey, an observation revealed that the previously studied reservoirs have decreased in size, and some have even dried up. In the coastal part of the reservoirs, water scorpions (Nepa cinerea) were crawling along the bottom of the pool. Water backswimmers (Notonectidae) and toad bugs (Naucoridae) moved to deeper pond areas. Representatives of the Corixidae family were zoophytophages (21 species), with the remaining species being zoophages (12 species). Under the Charyn Nature Park conditions, most species were mono or univoltine (21 species), bivoltine (five species), and poly or multivoltine (seven species). The fauna of the Charyn State National Nature Park (SNNP) has the main characteristic of species of Hemiptera with Western Asia (40%), Trans-Palearctic (21%), Western Palearctic (18%), and Trans-Eurasian (12%) ranges. All the recognized species have a wide selection of hunting objects, feeding on aquatic invertebrates, including regulating the numbers of blood-sucking mosquito larvae (Culicidae).","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135928025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.28
Z DUKENOV, A RAKHIMZHANOV, R AKHMETOV, D DOSMANBETOV, K ABAYEVA, Y BORISSOVA, Z RAKYMBEKOV, A BEKTURGANOV, A MALENKO, A SHASHKIN, M TRUSHIN
In the present era, assumptions on tugai forests consist of a complex floodplain ecosystem (reed-cattail thickets, gallery forests, halophytic shrubs, and grass biocenoses) of various ecological levels located from the water’s edge to the upper floodplains and riverine shafts. Anthropogenic transformations disrupted the natural dynamics of the tugai ecosystem. The presented study sought to characterize the current state of tugai forests in different regions of Kazakhstan to conduct monitoring of forest entomology and determine the reforestation potential of tugai plants in the floodplains of the Syr Darya and Ili rivers of Kazakhstan. The recent work focused on vital aspects associated with reinstating tugai forests. Special monitoring of forest pests progressed for the timely detection of their reproduction bulk, foci development, and plan extinction measures. The forest entomology monitoring results revealed the destruction of plants due to leaf-gnawing and gall-forming insect pests. A laid out 27 test areas investigated the dynamics of the undergrowth in tugai forests. The reproductive capacity of the plants, viz., Populus diversifolia, Elaeágnus angustifólia, Sálix acutifólia, and Salix wilhelmsiana, attained evaluation. Natural renaissance under the main forest-forming rocks’ characterization in tugai plantations was good.
{"title":"REFORESTATION POTENTIAL OF TUGAI FORESTS IN THE FLOODPLAINS OF SYR DARYA AND ILI RIVERS IN THE TERRITORY OF KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"Z DUKENOV, A RAKHIMZHANOV, R AKHMETOV, D DOSMANBETOV, K ABAYEVA, Y BORISSOVA, Z RAKYMBEKOV, A BEKTURGANOV, A MALENKO, A SHASHKIN, M TRUSHIN","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.28","url":null,"abstract":"In the present era, assumptions on tugai forests consist of a complex floodplain ecosystem (reed-cattail thickets, gallery forests, halophytic shrubs, and grass biocenoses) of various ecological levels located from the water’s edge to the upper floodplains and riverine shafts. Anthropogenic transformations disrupted the natural dynamics of the tugai ecosystem. The presented study sought to characterize the current state of tugai forests in different regions of Kazakhstan to conduct monitoring of forest entomology and determine the reforestation potential of tugai plants in the floodplains of the Syr Darya and Ili rivers of Kazakhstan. The recent work focused on vital aspects associated with reinstating tugai forests. Special monitoring of forest pests progressed for the timely detection of their reproduction bulk, foci development, and plan extinction measures. The forest entomology monitoring results revealed the destruction of plants due to leaf-gnawing and gall-forming insect pests. A laid out 27 test areas investigated the dynamics of the undergrowth in tugai forests. The reproductive capacity of the plants, viz., Populus diversifolia, Elaeágnus angustifólia, Sálix acutifólia, and Salix wilhelmsiana, attained evaluation. Natural renaissance under the main forest-forming rocks’ characterization in tugai plantations was good.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":"177 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135929228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.30
AMM AL-NAGGAR, RM ABD EL-SALAM, AIA HASSAN, MMA EL-MOGHAZI, AA AHMED
Evaluating quinoa genotypes for salinity tolerance at germination and seedling stages is a prerequisite for plant breeders. Thus, the scrutiny of 19 quinoa genotypes at different salinity levels under controlled laboratory and greenhouse conditions occurred at the germination and seedling stages. This study aimed to identify the most tolerant genotypes to elevated salinity levels at germination and seedling stages and to determine the traits of a robust association with salinity tolerance using a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design in three replications. The four salinity solutions used were zero (control), 3000, 6000, and 9000 ppm NaCl. Increasing concentrations of NaCl caused a gradual and significant decrease for all studied traits except mean germination time, which significantly increased. At all salinity-stress levels (3000, 6000, and 9000 ppm NaCl), the studied 19 genotypes underwent classification based on their salinity tolerance index (STI) into three categories, i.e., tolerant, moderately tolerant, and sensitive. The four most salinitytolerant quinoa genotypes under all studied salinity-stress conditions were Rainbow-2, Ql3, RH, and KvlSRA2. The strongest correlations were between STI and each of seedling length, root length, seedling fresh weight, seedling vigor index I, and seedling vigor index II under 3000 ppm; germination percentage, speed germination index, seedling extent, root length, seedling fresh weight, and seedling vigor index II under 6000 ppm; and shoot length and seedling vigor index I under 9000 ppm salinity concentration level. Traits showing sturdy correlations with STI, high heritability estimates, high expected genetic advance, and wide phenotypic and genotypic variability were seedling dry weight, seedling fresh weight, seedling vigor index II, and speed germination index at all salinity stress concentrations; they are recommendable as selection criteria for salinity tolerance in quinoa at germination and seedling stages.
{"title":"SALINITY TOLERANCE OF QUINOA (CHENOPODIUM QUINOA WILLD.) GENOTYPES TO ELEVATED NACL CONCENTRATIONS AT GERMINATION AND SEEDLING STAGES","authors":"AMM AL-NAGGAR, RM ABD EL-SALAM, AIA HASSAN, MMA EL-MOGHAZI, AA AHMED","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.5.30","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluating quinoa genotypes for salinity tolerance at germination and seedling stages is a prerequisite for plant breeders. Thus, the scrutiny of 19 quinoa genotypes at different salinity levels under controlled laboratory and greenhouse conditions occurred at the germination and seedling stages. This study aimed to identify the most tolerant genotypes to elevated salinity levels at germination and seedling stages and to determine the traits of a robust association with salinity tolerance using a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design in three replications. The four salinity solutions used were zero (control), 3000, 6000, and 9000 ppm NaCl. Increasing concentrations of NaCl caused a gradual and significant decrease for all studied traits except mean germination time, which significantly increased. At all salinity-stress levels (3000, 6000, and 9000 ppm NaCl), the studied 19 genotypes underwent classification based on their salinity tolerance index (STI) into three categories, i.e., tolerant, moderately tolerant, and sensitive. The four most salinitytolerant quinoa genotypes under all studied salinity-stress conditions were Rainbow-2, Ql3, RH, and KvlSRA2. The strongest correlations were between STI and each of seedling length, root length, seedling fresh weight, seedling vigor index I, and seedling vigor index II under 3000 ppm; germination percentage, speed germination index, seedling extent, root length, seedling fresh weight, and seedling vigor index II under 6000 ppm; and shoot length and seedling vigor index I under 9000 ppm salinity concentration level. Traits showing sturdy correlations with STI, high heritability estimates, high expected genetic advance, and wide phenotypic and genotypic variability were seedling dry weight, seedling fresh weight, seedling vigor index II, and speed germination index at all salinity stress concentrations; they are recommendable as selection criteria for salinity tolerance in quinoa at germination and seedling stages.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":"160 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135929532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.21
R. H. Aloush, Prof. Zahoor Ahmed, Soomro
Trifolium incarnatum L. is a new species grown in America, Europe, and Iraq. The novel study described the plant parts based on morphological characteristics like root, stem, leaflet, and flower. The annual plant is erect, 20–70 cm tall, unbranched from the base, with stipules membranous oblong-lanceolate, leaflet cuneate, obovate, and broadly retuse, otherwise rounded or truncate, and the leaflet-shaped ovate-cordate, with hairy margins, leaflet petiolate, and pedunculate (5 cm). Its inflorescences are mostly terminal oblong, 1.8 cm in diameter and 4 to 7.5 cm in length, and flower peduncles. The pollen grain’s analysis through the scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed monad, symmetrical, isopolar, zono-colporate, and tri-porate. The leaflet anatomy displayed many features and recorded differences between upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) epidermis in shape, size, and stomatal complex. The species was amphistomatic and had many types of stomatal complex, i.e., Anomocytic, Anisocytic, Paracytic, and Actinocytic. The number of stomata within the microscopic field was 56–65 and 32–38 on the upper and lower surfaces, respectively, with occurring crosssections in the leaflet and stem. The results showed the frond in a cross-section unifacial, the palisade tissue at two-three layers with a thickness of 82–100 µm, spongy tissue (62–70 µm), and the vascular bundle almost present in the central vein. The calcium oxalate crystals, especially prismatic crystals, lined along the veins, and the stem cross-section was a sub-triangle-circle–ovate, with three ovate closed vascular bundle sheaths distributed into three directions, with two facing each other.
{"title":"MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SPECIES TRIFOLIUM INCARNATUM L. CULTIVATED IN IRAQ","authors":"R. H. Aloush, Prof. Zahoor Ahmed, Soomro","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.21","url":null,"abstract":"Trifolium incarnatum L. is a new species grown in America, Europe, and Iraq. The novel study described the plant parts based on morphological characteristics like root, stem, leaflet, and flower. The annual plant is erect, 20–70 cm tall, unbranched from the base, with stipules membranous oblong-lanceolate, leaflet cuneate, obovate, and broadly retuse, otherwise rounded or truncate, and the leaflet-shaped ovate-cordate, with hairy margins, leaflet petiolate, and pedunculate (5 cm). Its inflorescences are mostly terminal oblong, 1.8 cm in diameter and 4 to 7.5 cm in length, and flower peduncles. The pollen grain’s analysis through the scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed monad, symmetrical, isopolar, zono-colporate, and tri-porate. The leaflet anatomy displayed many features and recorded differences between upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) epidermis in shape, size, and stomatal complex. The species was amphistomatic and had many types of stomatal complex, i.e., Anomocytic, Anisocytic, Paracytic, and Actinocytic. The number of stomata within the microscopic field was 56–65 and 32–38 on the upper and lower surfaces, respectively, with occurring crosssections in the leaflet and stem. The results showed the frond in a cross-section unifacial, the palisade tissue at two-three layers with a thickness of 82–100 µm, spongy tissue (62–70 µm), and the vascular bundle almost present in the central vein. The calcium oxalate crystals, especially prismatic crystals, lined along the veins, and the stem cross-section was a sub-triangle-circle–ovate, with three ovate closed vascular bundle sheaths distributed into three directions, with two facing each other.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42791026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.6
M. Asif, A. A. Khan, H.M.N. Cheema, S. H. Khan, Z. Iqbal, Prof. Zahoor Ahmed, Soomro
Drought tolerance is a quantitative trait that is exceedingly challenging to breed, especially for allotetraploids like cotton. The scenario of limited water resources necessitates developing droughttolerant cultivars that conserve significant irrigation water throughout the summer. Therefore, the presented study used a design to statistically analyze the morphological, physiological, and fiber quality parameters linked with drought tolerance, which is a comprehensive method for choosing better genotypes from the available cotton germplasm. Measuring these parameters ensued for plants grown under field conditions. The germplasm comprised 150 cotton genotypes studied at two water regimes, i.e., regular and water-stressed conditions for two consecutive seasons of 2015–2016 and 2016–2017. Data recording ran for different morpho-physiological and fiber quality parameters. Significant differences occurred for all the treatments, genotypes, and Genotype × Environment interaction for all the morphological, physiological, and fiber quality parameters under study. Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis and AMMI biplot analysis helped analyze the results, which revealed that the cotton genotypes FH-900, FH-901, FH-312, AS-1, AS-2, AS-3, RH510, RH-627, AR-2, AR-9, BH-118, BH-175, SLH-74, CIM-1100, CIM-598, and MM-58 were drought tolerant and ranked highest concerning stress condition. Moreover, correlation studies distinguished the relationship between relevant traits concerning drought tolerance.
{"title":"COTTON GERMPLASM CHARACTERIZATION FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE BASED ON MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL AND FIBER QUALITY PARAMETERS","authors":"M. Asif, A. A. Khan, H.M.N. Cheema, S. H. Khan, Z. Iqbal, Prof. Zahoor Ahmed, Soomro","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"Drought tolerance is a quantitative trait that is exceedingly challenging to breed, especially for allotetraploids like cotton. The scenario of limited water resources necessitates developing droughttolerant cultivars that conserve significant irrigation water throughout the summer. Therefore, the presented study used a design to statistically analyze the morphological, physiological, and fiber quality parameters linked with drought tolerance, which is a comprehensive method for choosing better genotypes from the available cotton germplasm. Measuring these parameters ensued for plants grown under field conditions. The germplasm comprised 150 cotton genotypes studied at two water regimes, i.e., regular and water-stressed conditions for two consecutive seasons of 2015–2016 and 2016–2017. Data recording ran for different morpho-physiological and fiber quality parameters. Significant differences occurred for all the treatments, genotypes, and Genotype × Environment interaction for all the morphological, physiological, and fiber quality parameters under study. Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis and AMMI biplot analysis helped analyze the results, which revealed that the cotton genotypes FH-900, FH-901, FH-312, AS-1, AS-2, AS-3, RH510, RH-627, AR-2, AR-9, BH-118, BH-175, SLH-74, CIM-1100, CIM-598, and MM-58 were drought tolerant and ranked highest concerning stress condition. Moreover, correlation studies distinguished the relationship between relevant traits concerning drought tolerance.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49054427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.20
H. H. AL-ASADI, N. Goga, M. Mandana, Prof. Naqib Ullah, Khan
Greenhouses have become widespread structures that create an ideal microclimate for growing crops worldwide. A greenhouse is a structure that allows people to regulate climatic conditions, such as, temperature and humidity. There are many different designs of greenhouses, but generally, these buildings include large areas of transparent material to capture the light and heat of the sun. They also offer protection from unfavorable weather conditions and pests, providing a popular solution for crop production worldwide, including Iraq, which uses alternative energy sources for climate control. Using machine learning models has helped design different greenhouse types; however, their ability to predict costs and designs based on features is yet to exist. Therefore, to address these issues, this study aimed to develop cost-effective and user-friendly greenhouse systems through two different approaches: Firstly, the use of random forests (RFs) model with the highest precision (0.99) formulated the cost of the greenhouse for new input data to calculate a greenhouse cost estimate based on the system's performance as a benchmark while selecting the greenhouse's features through training and testing, and secondly, the use of the farmer's desired price as a basis for developing a greenhouse design. This scientific approach will enable the farming community to manage the costs of various aspects, such as, building materials, energy sources, climate control devices, water and fertilizer delivery, growing substrates, internal logistics, and labor. The presented research will provide farmers with a practical basis that also considers the constraints, i.e., the economy, climate, law, market, and resource availability. It will empower the farmers to make the right decisions regarding greenhouse systems with their specific requirements and circumstances.
{"title":"GREENHOUSE COST INDEX METHODOLOGY BASED ON THE DIVERSE REGIONS OF IRAQ","authors":"H. H. AL-ASADI, N. Goga, M. Mandana, Prof. Naqib Ullah, Khan","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.20","url":null,"abstract":"Greenhouses have become widespread structures that create an ideal microclimate for growing crops worldwide. A greenhouse is a structure that allows people to regulate climatic conditions, such as, temperature and humidity. There are many different designs of greenhouses, but generally, these buildings include large areas of transparent material to capture the light and heat of the sun. They also offer protection from unfavorable weather conditions and pests, providing a popular solution for crop production worldwide, including Iraq, which uses alternative energy sources for climate control. Using machine learning models has helped design different greenhouse types; however, their ability to predict costs and designs based on features is yet to exist. Therefore, to address these issues, this study aimed to develop cost-effective and user-friendly greenhouse systems through two different approaches: Firstly, the use of random forests (RFs) model with the highest precision (0.99) formulated the cost of the greenhouse for new input data to calculate a greenhouse cost estimate based on the system's performance as a benchmark while selecting the greenhouse's features through training and testing, and secondly, the use of the farmer's desired price as a basis for developing a greenhouse design. This scientific approach will enable the farming community to manage the costs of various aspects, such as, building materials, energy sources, climate control devices, water and fertilizer delivery, growing substrates, internal logistics, and labor. The presented research will provide farmers with a practical basis that also considers the constraints, i.e., the economy, climate, law, market, and resource availability. It will empower the farmers to make the right decisions regarding greenhouse systems with their specific requirements and circumstances.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42158972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.12
S. R. Laghari, T. F. Abro, A. W. Baloch, Z. A. Soomro, N. Gandahi, A. Soomro, S. H. Chattah, T. A. Soomro, M. Nargis, M. M. Soomro, M. D. Memon, Dr. B.P. Mallikarjuna Swamy
Rapeseed and mustard crops’ extensive promotion for crop diversification and their potential to favorably respond to breeding programs depends on their existing nature and the magnitude of genetic variability. Therefore, the progressive research sought to estimate the genetic diversity of 40 genotypes of Brassica napus (20) and Brassica juncea (20) based on phenotypic characters. The material, grown in randomized complete block design, had three replications during winter 2020– 2021. The mean square from analysis of variance demonstrated significant differences for all the parameters among examined varieties, indicating that utilized material contained sufficient genetic variability. Regarding average performance, two mustard genotypes, Dhoom-I and Anmol Raya, performed better for seed yield plant-1 and can undergo assessment in upcoming breeding programs for enhancing seed yield. Meanwhile, high heritability occurred in oil content, silique length, 1000-seed index weight, and plant height. Diversity analysis, cluster mean, and total divergence contribution revealed maximum differences for various traits and possessed noteworthy sources for future breeding programs. The magnitude of cluster distance indicated that cluster VI comprised two mustard genotypes (Early Raya and Sindh Raya) and cluster IV consisted of three rapeseed genotypes (Rohi Sarson, hyola-401, and Kn-277), demonstrating that maximum distance is more diverse and helpful for upcoming heterotic recombination. Comparing genetic variation between rapeseed and mustard genotypes showed that rapeseed genotypes displayed more genetic variability in the first three components of PCA than its counterpart, yet expressing that mustard genotypes also have enormous valuable genetic resources. Similarly, genotypes Rohi Sarson, hyola-401, and Kn-277 resulted in the highest genotypic scores in three-dimensional graphs; hence, these genotypes are more diverse and can benefit future hybridization programs.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY BETWEEN BRASSICA NAPUS AND BRASSICA JUNCEA BASED ON PHENOTYPIC TRAITS","authors":"S. R. Laghari, T. F. Abro, A. W. Baloch, Z. A. Soomro, N. Gandahi, A. Soomro, S. H. Chattah, T. A. Soomro, M. Nargis, M. M. Soomro, M. D. Memon, Dr. B.P. Mallikarjuna Swamy","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.12","url":null,"abstract":"Rapeseed and mustard crops’ extensive promotion for crop diversification and their potential to favorably respond to breeding programs depends on their existing nature and the magnitude of genetic variability. Therefore, the progressive research sought to estimate the genetic diversity of 40 genotypes of Brassica napus (20) and Brassica juncea (20) based on phenotypic characters. The material, grown in randomized complete block design, had three replications during winter 2020– 2021. The mean square from analysis of variance demonstrated significant differences for all the parameters among examined varieties, indicating that utilized material contained sufficient genetic variability. Regarding average performance, two mustard genotypes, Dhoom-I and Anmol Raya, performed better for seed yield plant-1 and can undergo assessment in upcoming breeding programs for enhancing seed yield. Meanwhile, high heritability occurred in oil content, silique length, 1000-seed index weight, and plant height. Diversity analysis, cluster mean, and total divergence contribution revealed maximum differences for various traits and possessed noteworthy sources for future breeding programs. The magnitude of cluster distance indicated that cluster VI comprised two mustard genotypes (Early Raya and Sindh Raya) and cluster IV consisted of three rapeseed genotypes (Rohi Sarson, hyola-401, and Kn-277), demonstrating that maximum distance is more diverse and helpful for upcoming heterotic recombination. Comparing genetic variation between rapeseed and mustard genotypes showed that rapeseed genotypes displayed more genetic variability in the first three components of PCA than its counterpart, yet expressing that mustard genotypes also have enormous valuable genetic resources. Similarly, genotypes Rohi Sarson, hyola-401, and Kn-277 resulted in the highest genotypic scores in three-dimensional graphs; hence, these genotypes are more diverse and can benefit future hybridization programs.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42369651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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