Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.22
T. Al-Someidae
Microalgae reckon one of the most promising organisms due to their numerous applications in biotechnology, such as, their biomass utilization to extract various primary and secondary metabolites. These compounds benefit the food and pharmaceutical industries and the energy field, such as, biofuel and hydrogen gas production. Therefore, it is necessary to find various sustainable ways to actively preserve the isolates and productive strains with purity for an extended period without affecting their genetic characteristics and productive ability to grow and regenerate. The latest study aimed to compress several microalgae to form alginate beads using sodium alginate with five types of pure algal cultures, i.e., Scenedesmus quadricauda, Scenedesmus dimorphus, Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorococcum humicola, and Chlamydomonas sp. The vitality and activity of all the strains studied through the storage period showed the success of preparing alginate beads and staying viable for 18 months at 4 °C in the refrigerator under dark conditions. Therefore, encapsulating microalgae with sodium alginate is a possible and helpful method for preserving algae isolates for a prolonged period in a pure form. The survival of algae in alginate beads is an essential step to apply in the future as one of the viable methods to preserve pure algae isolates for a long time.
{"title":"ALGINATE BEADS UTILIZATION FOR LONG-TERM STORAGE OF MICROALGAL ISOLATES","authors":"T. Al-Someidae","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.22","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgae reckon one of the most promising organisms due to their numerous applications in biotechnology, such as, their biomass utilization to extract various primary and secondary metabolites. These compounds benefit the food and pharmaceutical industries and the energy field, such as, biofuel and hydrogen gas production. Therefore, it is necessary to find various sustainable ways to actively preserve the isolates and productive strains with purity for an extended period without affecting their genetic characteristics and productive ability to grow and regenerate. The latest study aimed to compress several microalgae to form alginate beads using sodium alginate with five types of pure algal cultures, i.e., Scenedesmus quadricauda, Scenedesmus dimorphus, Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorococcum humicola, and Chlamydomonas sp. The vitality and activity of all the strains studied through the storage period showed the success of preparing alginate beads and staying viable for 18 months at 4 °C in the refrigerator under dark conditions. Therefore, encapsulating microalgae with sodium alginate is a possible and helpful method for preserving algae isolates for a prolonged period in a pure form. The survival of algae in alginate beads is an essential step to apply in the future as one of the viable methods to preserve pure algae isolates for a long time.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49620569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.7
H. Matniyazova, S. Nabiev, M. Kholikova, G. Mavlonova, Prof. Naqib Ullah, Khan
This study pursued tests on 17 local and exotic soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) cultivars with two different water regimes. In the optimal irrigated condition (control), the soybean plants gained five times irrigation in the scheme of 1:3:1 during the vegetation period, with the total volume of water used for that irrigation being 5000–5500 m3 /ha. For the water deficit condition, irrigation was only three times on the scheme 1:1:1, using a total volume of water at 3000–3500 m3 /ha. In the optimal irrigated condition, water provision was only once during the formation of soybean leaves, three times during the budding period, and once again at the beginning of the blooming period. In that condition, the provision of an artificially created water deficit condition and drought with one irrigation ensued at the beginning of the blossoming period. According to the results, chlorophyll "b" pigment was more sensitive to water deficit conditions than chlorophyll "a.” The increase in chlorophyll "b" under drought conditions increased chlorophyll’s protection function, the primary photosynthetic pigment, with its reception of photons from sunlight. Stress enzyme activity increased to different extents compared with optimal water supply conditions in the soybean cultivars under water deficit conditions. The number of chloroplast pigments in plant leaves and the activity of peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase enzymes in leaves strongly influenced local and exotic soybean genotypes during the blooming-harvest period under drought conditions. With water deficit conditions, the number of pods per plant and 1000-grain weight reduced from 8.6% to 63.7% and 1.7% to 12.8% in the local and 3.8% to 28.3% and 5.6% to 58.8% in exotic soybean cultivars compared with water optimal conditions.
本研究对17个本地和外来大豆(Glycine max L. Merr.)品种在两种不同的水分制度下进行了试验。在最佳灌溉条件(对照)下,黄豆植物在植被期按1:3:1的灌溉方案进行5次灌溉,每次灌溉的总水量为5000 ~ 5500 m3 /ha。在缺水条件下,1:1:1方案仅灌溉3次,总水量为3000 ~ 3500m3 /ha。在最佳灌溉条件下,大豆叶片形成期仅需一次供水,出芽期仅需三次供水,开花初期仅需一次供水。在这种情况下,在花期开始时,提供人为造成的缺水条件和一次灌溉造成的干旱。结果表明,叶绿素b比叶绿素a对水分亏缺条件更敏感,干旱条件下叶绿素b含量的增加增加了叶绿素的保护功能,增强了叶绿素对阳光光子的接收能力。水分亏缺条件下大豆品种的胁迫酶活性均有不同程度的提高。干旱条件下,植物叶片中叶绿体色素的数量以及叶片中过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性对本地和外来大豆基因型有强烈的影响。在水分亏缺条件下,与水分最优条件相比,本地大豆单株荚果数和千粒重分别从8.6%降至63.7%和1.7%降至12.8%,外来大豆品种分别从3.8%降至28.3%和5.6%降至58.8%。
{"title":"PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF SOYBEAN GENOTYPES UNDER DIVERSE WATER REGIMES","authors":"H. Matniyazova, S. Nabiev, M. Kholikova, G. Mavlonova, Prof. Naqib Ullah, Khan","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"This study pursued tests on 17 local and exotic soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) cultivars with two different water regimes. In the optimal irrigated condition (control), the soybean plants gained five times irrigation in the scheme of 1:3:1 during the vegetation period, with the total volume of water used for that irrigation being 5000–5500 m3 /ha. For the water deficit condition, irrigation was only three times on the scheme 1:1:1, using a total volume of water at 3000–3500 m3 /ha. In the optimal irrigated condition, water provision was only once during the formation of soybean leaves, three times during the budding period, and once again at the beginning of the blooming period. In that condition, the provision of an artificially created water deficit condition and drought with one irrigation ensued at the beginning of the blossoming period. According to the results, chlorophyll \"b\" pigment was more sensitive to water deficit conditions than chlorophyll \"a.” The increase in chlorophyll \"b\" under drought conditions increased chlorophyll’s protection function, the primary photosynthetic pigment, with its reception of photons from sunlight. Stress enzyme activity increased to different extents compared with optimal water supply conditions in the soybean cultivars under water deficit conditions. The number of chloroplast pigments in plant leaves and the activity of peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase enzymes in leaves strongly influenced local and exotic soybean genotypes during the blooming-harvest period under drought conditions. With water deficit conditions, the number of pods per plant and 1000-grain weight reduced from 8.6% to 63.7% and 1.7% to 12.8% in the local and 3.8% to 28.3% and 5.6% to 58.8% in exotic soybean cultivars compared with water optimal conditions.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47703916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.18
А. Shayakhmetova, I. Savenkova, В. Nasiyev, М. Akhmetov, А. Useinov, А. Taskulova, А. Temirbulatova, Dr. Osama Osman Atallah
A high-quality feed base is a must to ensure the growing of numerous animals via selecting promising high-yielding crops that can provide livestock with feeds at the entire production stage. This study purposed to develop new technologies for reinstating a balanced use of pastures in Kazakhstan’s steppe and forest-steppe zones. Several investigations succeeded in 2019–2022 at the Service-ZHARS Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) production fields of District Kyzylzhar, North Kazakhstan. Five chosen pasture combinations created multifactor pasture lands, as follows: common alfalfa + Festulolium; awnless brome + yellow sweet clover; common alfalfa + pasture ryegrass + Festulolium; white sweet clover + awnless brome + Timothy grass, and sainfoin + Festulolium + pasture ryegrass + Timothy grass. For haymaking and pasture chain construction, the following grass combinations selected comprised two-pasture grasses (previous years' brome and Timothy grass + common alfalfa + sainfoin) and seven hay grasses (vetch + oats, Sudan grass, sorghum-Sudan grass hybrid + sorghum, corn for silage, sorghum, peas + oats + barley + wheat, and peas). The use of droughtresistant legumes, cereals, and arable crops and their mixtures positively impacted intensifying the feed base and reducing the pasture areas’ degradation. Thus, in the first experiment, the green mass collection was higher than 3.33 t ha-1 , while in the second one, it was below 4.75 t ha-1 , which fully bestowed the physiological needs of animals. The species diversity of pasture vegetation has improved because of beans’ inclusion, possibly enhancing the protein ratio in green feed and hay as the main component of the farm animals' diet.
通过选择有前途的高产作物,在整个生产阶段为牲畜提供饲料,必须有一个高质量的饲料基地,以确保大量动物的生长。本研究旨在开发新技术,以恢复哈萨克斯坦草原和森林草原带牧场的平衡利用。2019-2022年,在哈萨克斯坦北部Kyzylzhar地区的Service-ZHARS有限责任合伙公司(LLP)生产领域进行了几次成功的调查。5种选择的草场组合形成了多因子草场:普通紫花苜蓿+羊鞭草;无芒雀花+黄色甜三叶草;普通紫花苜蓿+牧场黑麦草+羊鞭草;白甜三叶草+无芒雀麦+蒂莫西草,以及红豆草+ Festulolium +牧场黑麦草+蒂莫西草。在制干草和牧场链建设方面,选择了以下牧草组合,包括两种牧草(前些年的雀麦和蒂莫西草+普通苜蓿+红豆草)和七种干草(野豌豆+燕麦、苏丹草、高粱-苏丹草杂交品种+高粱、青贮玉米、高粱、豌豆+燕麦+大麦+小麦和豌豆)。使用抗旱豆类、谷物和可耕地作物及其混合物对强化饲料基础和减少牧区退化有积极影响。因此,在第一次实验中,绿色质量收集高于3.33 t ha-1,而在第二次实验中,绿色质量收集低于4.75 t ha-1,充分满足了动物的生理需求。大豆的加入改善了牧场植被的物种多样性,可能提高了作为农场动物日粮主要成分的青饲料和干草的蛋白质比例。
{"title":"AGROTECHNOLOGY FOR FEED CULTIVATION AND CREATION OF HAYFIELDS AND PASTURES IN THE FOREST AND STEPPE ZONE OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"А. Shayakhmetova, I. Savenkova, В. Nasiyev, М. Akhmetov, А. Useinov, А. Taskulova, А. Temirbulatova, Dr. Osama Osman Atallah","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.4.18","url":null,"abstract":"A high-quality feed base is a must to ensure the growing of numerous animals via selecting promising high-yielding crops that can provide livestock with feeds at the entire production stage. This study purposed to develop new technologies for reinstating a balanced use of pastures in Kazakhstan’s steppe and forest-steppe zones. Several investigations succeeded in 2019–2022 at the Service-ZHARS Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) production fields of District Kyzylzhar, North Kazakhstan. Five chosen pasture combinations created multifactor pasture lands, as follows: common alfalfa + Festulolium; awnless brome + yellow sweet clover; common alfalfa + pasture ryegrass + Festulolium; white sweet clover + awnless brome + Timothy grass, and sainfoin + Festulolium + pasture ryegrass + Timothy grass. For haymaking and pasture chain construction, the following grass combinations selected comprised two-pasture grasses (previous years' brome and Timothy grass + common alfalfa + sainfoin) and seven hay grasses (vetch + oats, Sudan grass, sorghum-Sudan grass hybrid + sorghum, corn for silage, sorghum, peas + oats + barley + wheat, and peas). The use of droughtresistant legumes, cereals, and arable crops and their mixtures positively impacted intensifying the feed base and reducing the pasture areas’ degradation. Thus, in the first experiment, the green mass collection was higher than 3.33 t ha-1 , while in the second one, it was below 4.75 t ha-1 , which fully bestowed the physiological needs of animals. The species diversity of pasture vegetation has improved because of beans’ inclusion, possibly enhancing the protein ratio in green feed and hay as the main component of the farm animals' diet.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44432790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.21
A. Bugubaeva, A. Kuprijanov, V. Chashkov, S. Kuanyshbaev, K. Valiev, S. Mamikhin, A. Shcheglov, A. Nugmanov, A. Bulaev, G. Sultangazina, K. Kunanbayev, O. Chernyavskaya, G. Baubekova, G. Ruchkina, O. Safronova, M. Uxikbayeva, Y. Sokharev
Examining the overgrowth of dumps, techno-soils, and areas containing waste products of uranium mines is vital for understanding the dynamic features of vegetation cover in technogenic landscapes. The main aim of this study was to investigate variations in the plant species composition and their productivity in dumps and technological areas and the intensity of soil ionizing radiations under varying environmental conditions based on the Shantobe Uranium Deposit, Kazakhstan. The vegetation at the waste dumps and technogenic sites is in the early stages of syngenesis and is representative of pioneer and group-thicket communities. Adverse ecological conditions associated with intense sulfate salinization formation thrive at the technological sites. However, the floristic composition is illustrative of highly resistant species (Calamagrostis epigejos and Phragmites australis) and secondary species. Typically the formation of steppe zone plant communities of Kazakhstan does not occur in these sites. The productivity of the recultivated dump and banks of the former uranium mine is quite high at 120–150 g/m2, which matches the meadow-ruderal communities of Northern Kazakhstan. However, the lowest productivity of 30–37 g/m2 emerged in the non-recultivated and partially processed sulfuric acid heap leaching stacks containing uranium ore, which create exceedingly unfavorable conditions for the establishment of crop plants. Several plant species identified as self-seeding live in partially processed piles of sulfuric acid heap-leaching uranium ores with a sufficient level of resistance to survive in soil with high levels of sulfate-containing salts and ionizing radiation of 1200–1400 μR/hr. These facts can authenticate to consider the possibility of growing these plant species in the artificial grassing of uranium-containing dumps to create herbage.
{"title":"PRODUCTIVITY ASSESSMENT OF VARIOUS PLANT COMMUNITIES AT URANIUM MINE SITES IN CENTRAL KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"A. Bugubaeva, A. Kuprijanov, V. Chashkov, S. Kuanyshbaev, K. Valiev, S. Mamikhin, A. Shcheglov, A. Nugmanov, A. Bulaev, G. Sultangazina, K. Kunanbayev, O. Chernyavskaya, G. Baubekova, G. Ruchkina, O. Safronova, M. Uxikbayeva, Y. Sokharev","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.21","url":null,"abstract":"Examining the overgrowth of dumps, techno-soils, and areas containing waste products of uranium mines is vital for understanding the dynamic features of vegetation cover in technogenic landscapes. The main aim of this study was to investigate variations in the plant species composition and their productivity in dumps and technological areas and the intensity of soil ionizing radiations under varying environmental conditions based on the Shantobe Uranium Deposit, Kazakhstan. The vegetation at the waste dumps and technogenic sites is in the early stages of syngenesis and is representative of pioneer and group-thicket communities. Adverse ecological conditions associated with intense sulfate salinization formation thrive at the technological sites. However, the floristic composition is illustrative of highly resistant species (Calamagrostis epigejos and Phragmites australis) and secondary species. Typically the formation of steppe zone plant communities of Kazakhstan does not occur in these sites. The productivity of the recultivated dump and banks of the former uranium mine is quite high at 120–150 g/m2, which matches the meadow-ruderal communities of Northern Kazakhstan. However, the lowest productivity of 30–37 g/m2 emerged in the non-recultivated and partially processed sulfuric acid heap leaching stacks containing uranium ore, which create exceedingly unfavorable conditions for the establishment of crop plants. Several plant species identified as self-seeding live in partially processed piles of sulfuric acid heap-leaching uranium ores with a sufficient level of resistance to survive in soil with high levels of sulfate-containing salts and ionizing radiation of 1200–1400 μR/hr. These facts can authenticate to consider the possibility of growing these plant species in the artificial grassing of uranium-containing dumps to create herbage.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42630341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.23
S. Kenenbaev, S. Ramazanova, VN Gusev
The article is a dedicated analysis of the production and use of mineral fertilizers globally, focusing on the agriculture of Kazakhstan. From 1950 to 2020, the fertilizer use ranged between 3.6–29.0 kg of NPK per hectare in arable agricultural land of Kazakhstan. The maximum benefit of fertilizers happened in 1986 in Kazakhstan, with 1,039 t of mineral fertilizers (active substances) applied at an area of 47% of the total arable land, while in 1965, the fertilized area was only 6.6% of the entire sown field. In Kazakhstan, the annual recommended need for mineral fertilizers is one million tons (active ingredient). The paper also discussed the influence of the long-term application of fertilizers on the leading indicators of soil fertility and crop productivity. Employing regression analysis also explored a high degree of probability of a positive relationship among the four viable factors, i.e., fertilizer use intensity, agrochemical indicators of the soil, crop plants yields, and their quality.
{"title":"STATE AND PROSPECTS OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS USE IN AGRICULTURE OF KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"S. Kenenbaev, S. Ramazanova, VN Gusev","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.23","url":null,"abstract":"The article is a dedicated analysis of the production and use of mineral fertilizers globally, focusing on the agriculture of Kazakhstan. From 1950 to 2020, the fertilizer use ranged between 3.6–29.0 kg of NPK per hectare in arable agricultural land of Kazakhstan. The maximum benefit of fertilizers happened in 1986 in Kazakhstan, with 1,039 t of mineral fertilizers (active substances) applied at an area of 47% of the total arable land, while in 1965, the fertilized area was only 6.6% of the entire sown field. In Kazakhstan, the annual recommended need for mineral fertilizers is one million tons (active ingredient). The paper also discussed the influence of the long-term application of fertilizers on the leading indicators of soil fertility and crop productivity. Employing regression analysis also explored a high degree of probability of a positive relationship among the four viable factors, i.e., fertilizer use intensity, agrochemical indicators of the soil, crop plants yields, and their quality.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47144343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.9
B. Hamid, Zta AL-RUFAYE, Hala S. Khaleel, AR Abidukadhim
Cyperaceae is the third-largest monocot family and has ecological and commercial significance worldwide. It is also a perfect model family for evolutionary research due to species diversity and the wide range of variations in lineage diversity. Using a nuclear region internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the current study attempted to identify the three species (Carex otrubae, Bolboschoenus fluviatilis, and Eleocharis palustris) and examine their relationships within the Cyperaceae family. In 2021, gathering of samples transpired from various locations along the Al-Hussainiya River in Iraq and the National Herbarium. According to the findings, the length of the fragments sequenced ranged between 750 and 1000 bp. Results also showed the sequence alignments between the two species (Carex otrubae and Bolboschoenus fluviatilis) have similarities and differences with those deposited in the Genome Bank. However, the Eleocharis palustris showed complete similarity in all regions of the nitrogenous base sequences with species deposited in the Genome Bank.
{"title":"PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF SOME SPECIES OF CYPERACEAE BASED ON DNA INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACERS (ITS) IN IRAQ","authors":"B. Hamid, Zta AL-RUFAYE, Hala S. Khaleel, AR Abidukadhim","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.9","url":null,"abstract":"Cyperaceae is the third-largest monocot family and has ecological and commercial significance worldwide. It is also a perfect model family for evolutionary research due to species diversity and the wide range of variations in lineage diversity. Using a nuclear region internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the current study attempted to identify the three species (Carex otrubae, Bolboschoenus fluviatilis, and Eleocharis palustris) and examine their relationships within the Cyperaceae family. In 2021, gathering of samples transpired from various locations along the Al-Hussainiya River in Iraq and the National Herbarium. According to the findings, the length of the fragments sequenced ranged between 750 and 1000 bp. Results also showed the sequence alignments between the two species (Carex otrubae and Bolboschoenus fluviatilis) have similarities and differences with those deposited in the Genome Bank. However, the Eleocharis palustris showed complete similarity in all regions of the nitrogenous base sequences with species deposited in the Genome Bank.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46118106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.16
Nk Thakur, KP Singh, B. Singh, R. Shukla, Khemraj, P. Haldar
The presented study, held at the Research cum Instructional Farm of the College of Horticulture and Research Station, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, India, ran during the Rabi season of 2021, to investigate superior radish cultivars for selection having high yield potential and better quality root for Bastar plateau. The experiment, laid out in randomized block design (RBD), had 15 treatments and three replications. Observing high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was for the following traits: dry and fresh weights of roots, plants, and leaves; root and leaf yields; days to 50% germination; the diameter and length of the root, North-South and East-West spread of the plant; plant height, and the number of leaf plant-1, having recorded significant heritability and high genetic advance. Similarly, high heritability showed for root yield and fresh and dry weights of roots. Moderate heritability levels appeared for the traits, viz., the plant’s dry weight and the root diameter. The genetic gain resulted high for characters, viz., root yield and fresh and dry weights of roots. High heritability followed by high genetic advance indicates that selection may be effective for improving such characteristics. Root yield (t ha-1) exhibited a highly significant positive correlation with the fresh weight of the plant at the phenotypic and genotypic levels, followed by dry weight of roots, dry weight of the plant, East-West spread of the plant, the diameter of the root, and leaf yield plot-1 . The fresh weight of roots had the maximum positive direct effect on root yield in the genotypic path, followed by the dry weight of roots and the plant, the East-West spread of the plant, the diameter of the root, and leaf yield in radish. The selection of these characters can benefit in improving the yield of radishes.
{"title":"GENETIC DIVERSITY OF DIFFERENT RADISH (RAPHANUS SATIVUS L.) CULTIVARS UNDER THE BASTAR PLATEAU OF CHHATTISGARH, INDIA","authors":"Nk Thakur, KP Singh, B. Singh, R. Shukla, Khemraj, P. Haldar","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.16","url":null,"abstract":"The presented study, held at the Research cum Instructional Farm of the College of Horticulture and Research Station, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, India, ran during the Rabi season of 2021, to investigate superior radish cultivars for selection having high yield potential and better quality root for Bastar plateau. The experiment, laid out in randomized block design (RBD), had 15 treatments and three replications. Observing high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was for the following traits: dry and fresh weights of roots, plants, and leaves; root and leaf yields; days to 50% germination; the diameter and length of the root, North-South and East-West spread of the plant; plant height, and the number of leaf plant-1, having recorded significant heritability and high genetic advance. Similarly, high heritability showed for root yield and fresh and dry weights of roots. Moderate heritability levels appeared for the traits, viz., the plant’s dry weight and the root diameter. The genetic gain resulted high for characters, viz., root yield and fresh and dry weights of roots. High heritability followed by high genetic advance indicates that selection may be effective for improving such characteristics. Root yield (t ha-1) exhibited a highly significant positive correlation with the fresh weight of the plant at the phenotypic and genotypic levels, followed by dry weight of roots, dry weight of the plant, East-West spread of the plant, the diameter of the root, and leaf yield plot-1 . The fresh weight of roots had the maximum positive direct effect on root yield in the genotypic path, followed by the dry weight of roots and the plant, the East-West spread of the plant, the diameter of the root, and leaf yield in radish. The selection of these characters can benefit in improving the yield of radishes.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41641939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.6
A. Buronov, B. Amanov, K. Muminov, N. Tursunova, L. Umirova
Wheat genotypes grown in Uzbekistan and other Central Asian countries cannot compete with commercial cultivars for productivity. These landraces are valuable genetic resources that could benefit in developing new cultivars enriched with nutritious microelements and other ingredients beneficial for human health. As a result of wheat research, for the first time, preserving the 31 landraces in their natural form in the remote territories of Uzbekistan ensued, including a catalog of compilation by determining their economic and morphologically valuable features. Based on cluster analysis and quantitative characteristics, local wheat genotypes attained five groupings with a compiled dendrogram. With the dendrogram, determining the morphological attributes of ancient local cultivars of wheat materialized, even though the grain color is the same, a sharp difference is noticeable, but still similar based on quantitative characteristics that ensure the grain yield. In ancient local wheat cultivars, plant height and 1000-seed weight have a weak correlation with other traits, and a strong positive association was distinct between the spike length and spikelets per spike and the number and grain weight per spike. The polymorphism of soft wheat landraces showed according to the electrophoretic spectra in the grain’s gliadin proteins. The electrophoretic parameters of gliadin proteins indicated that of the six samples of cultivar Kzyl-bugdoy listed in the catalog, only four have similar electrophoretic spectra. In cultivar Ak-bugdoy’s four specimens, three have identical spectra, while three from the cultivar Surkhak have different bands. Based on individual selection and according to electrophoretic spectra from wheat landraces, the release of the wheat cultivar Kairaktash was due to its high baking and nutritional value.
{"title":"POLYMORPHISM AND INHERITANCE OF GLIADIN PROTEINS IN WHEAT LANDRACES OF UZBEKISTAN","authors":"A. Buronov, B. Amanov, K. Muminov, N. Tursunova, L. Umirova","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat genotypes grown in Uzbekistan and other Central Asian countries cannot compete with commercial cultivars for productivity. These landraces are valuable genetic resources that could benefit in developing new cultivars enriched with nutritious microelements and other ingredients beneficial for human health. As a result of wheat research, for the first time, preserving the 31 landraces in their natural form in the remote territories of Uzbekistan ensued, including a catalog of compilation by determining their economic and morphologically valuable features. Based on cluster analysis and quantitative characteristics, local wheat genotypes attained five groupings with a compiled dendrogram. With the dendrogram, determining the morphological attributes of ancient local cultivars of wheat materialized, even though the grain color is the same, a sharp difference is noticeable, but still similar based on quantitative characteristics that ensure the grain yield. In ancient local wheat cultivars, plant height and 1000-seed weight have a weak correlation with other traits, and a strong positive association was distinct between the spike length and spikelets per spike and the number and grain weight per spike. The polymorphism of soft wheat landraces showed according to the electrophoretic spectra in the grain’s gliadin proteins. The electrophoretic parameters of gliadin proteins indicated that of the six samples of cultivar Kzyl-bugdoy listed in the catalog, only four have similar electrophoretic spectra. In cultivar Ak-bugdoy’s four specimens, three have identical spectra, while three from the cultivar Surkhak have different bands. Based on individual selection and according to electrophoretic spectra from wheat landraces, the release of the wheat cultivar Kairaktash was due to its high baking and nutritional value.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45581007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.24
E. Ismail, DM Majeed, HS Alagely, A. Abed, G. Hussein
The breeding material comprising 17 Iraqi wheat cultivars belongs to three different types, i.e., a) salinity-tolerant cultivars (Dajla, Furat, 1H, 2H, 2N, 3H, 3N, and 7H), b) drought-tolerant cultivars (Sham-6 and Orok), and c) local cultivars (Iraq, Iba99, Iba95, Abu Ghraib-3, Adnanin, Tamoze, and Alrashid) underwent qualitative characteristics and genomic analysis studies in 2021-2022, at the Biotechnology Research Center, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq. Measuring the percentage of protein, wet and dry gluten, and molecular fingerprinting used the randomly amplified polymorphic of DNA (RAPD) technique with six primers, with traits estimation using a dendrogram. The highest percentage of protein (24.5%), wet (52.7%), and dry gluten (27.3%) emerged from the wheat genotype Dajla. However, the recorded lowest percentages of wet (32.52%) and dry gluten (7.62%) appeared in wheat genotype Iba99. The cultivars Aadnania, Abu Ghraib-3, and Tamoze gave the lowest protein content of 9.45, 10.34, and 10.54, respectively. The cluster analysis divided 17 wheat genotypes into two large cluster groups. Amplification of all 365 loci used six primers. Fragments‟ size ranged from 100 bp to 2000 kb. The highest number of bands (73) was amplified with primer Pr-5, while the lowest number (48) was with primer Pr-1.
{"title":"QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS AND GENOMIC ANALYSIS OF WHEAT GENOTYPES IN IRAQ","authors":"E. Ismail, DM Majeed, HS Alagely, A. Abed, G. Hussein","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.24","url":null,"abstract":"The breeding material comprising 17 Iraqi wheat cultivars belongs to three different types, i.e., a) salinity-tolerant cultivars (Dajla, Furat, 1H, 2H, 2N, 3H, 3N, and 7H), b) drought-tolerant cultivars (Sham-6 and Orok), and c) local cultivars (Iraq, Iba99, Iba95, Abu Ghraib-3, Adnanin, Tamoze, and Alrashid) underwent qualitative characteristics and genomic analysis studies in 2021-2022, at the Biotechnology Research Center, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq. Measuring the percentage of protein, wet and dry gluten, and molecular fingerprinting used the randomly amplified polymorphic of DNA (RAPD) technique with six primers, with traits estimation using a dendrogram. The highest percentage of protein (24.5%), wet (52.7%), and dry gluten (27.3%) emerged from the wheat genotype Dajla. However, the recorded lowest percentages of wet (32.52%) and dry gluten (7.62%) appeared in wheat genotype Iba99. The cultivars Aadnania, Abu Ghraib-3, and Tamoze gave the lowest protein content of 9.45, 10.34, and 10.54, respectively. The cluster analysis divided 17 wheat genotypes into two large cluster groups. Amplification of all 365 loci used six primers. Fragments‟ size ranged from 100 bp to 2000 kb. The highest number of bands (73) was amplified with primer Pr-5, while the lowest number (48) was with primer Pr-1.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45612475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.17
I. Smirnova, A. Sadanov, G. Baimakhanova, E. Faizulina, L. Tatarkina
Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) is an economically important oilseed crop with an annual increase in growing grain demand. Soybean is a moderately salt-tolerant crop; however, salt stress conditions can affect its growth and yield-related traits and, eventually, reduce productivity. In saline soils, one of the techniques to increase soybean productivity is to use rhizobia inoculation. Although, using industrial rhizobia-based biofertilizers is often ineffective due to their lack of adaptability to salinity. Injecting soybeans with salt-tolerant and growth-promoting rhizobia helps mitigate the effects of salt stress harmful to crop plants. The recent study sought to isolate local strains of salt-tolerant rhizobia, studying its ability to increase soybean tolerance to salt stress conditions. Twenty-four local salttolerant rhizobium isolates underwent isolation from root nodules of soybean grown on saline soils. Studying their basic morphological and biochemical characteristics and ability to withstand salt stress led to the final selection of five salt-tolerant strains. The rhizobium strains were able to synthesize metabolites that stimulate growth and help reduce salt stress in plants. The study of rhizobia nodulation ability under saline conditions resulted in selecting the three most efficient strains from the Bradyrhizobium japonicum species. Inoculation of soybean seeds with salt-tolerant rhizobia proved to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity on plant growth by increasing the root size and the number of nodules in the roots. Thus, the study establishes that inoculation of soybean seeds with local salttolerant rhizobia enhances soybean tolerance to salt stress and improves crop growth and adaptation to soil salinity. Using isolated local strains of salt-tolerant rhizobia will help provide a key and environmentally friendly approach to solving the problem of salt stress for sustainable agriculture.
{"title":"USING SALT-TOLERANT RHIZOBIA TO IMPROVE THE SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX) RESILIENCE TO SALINITY","authors":"I. Smirnova, A. Sadanov, G. Baimakhanova, E. Faizulina, L. Tatarkina","doi":"10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.17","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) is an economically important oilseed crop with an annual increase in growing grain demand. Soybean is a moderately salt-tolerant crop; however, salt stress conditions can affect its growth and yield-related traits and, eventually, reduce productivity. In saline soils, one of the techniques to increase soybean productivity is to use rhizobia inoculation. Although, using industrial rhizobia-based biofertilizers is often ineffective due to their lack of adaptability to salinity. Injecting soybeans with salt-tolerant and growth-promoting rhizobia helps mitigate the effects of salt stress harmful to crop plants. The recent study sought to isolate local strains of salt-tolerant rhizobia, studying its ability to increase soybean tolerance to salt stress conditions. Twenty-four local salttolerant rhizobium isolates underwent isolation from root nodules of soybean grown on saline soils. Studying their basic morphological and biochemical characteristics and ability to withstand salt stress led to the final selection of five salt-tolerant strains. The rhizobium strains were able to synthesize metabolites that stimulate growth and help reduce salt stress in plants. The study of rhizobia nodulation ability under saline conditions resulted in selecting the three most efficient strains from the Bradyrhizobium japonicum species. Inoculation of soybean seeds with salt-tolerant rhizobia proved to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity on plant growth by increasing the root size and the number of nodules in the roots. Thus, the study establishes that inoculation of soybean seeds with local salttolerant rhizobia enhances soybean tolerance to salt stress and improves crop growth and adaptation to soil salinity. Using isolated local strains of salt-tolerant rhizobia will help provide a key and environmentally friendly approach to solving the problem of salt stress for sustainable agriculture.","PeriodicalId":21328,"journal":{"name":"Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46023765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}