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Investigation of microstructure and corrosion resistance of AISI 304 stainless steel joint with ER308 and ERNiCr-3 filler metals by GTAW 用GTAW研究ER308和ERNiCr-3填充金属对AISI 304不锈钢接头的显微组织和耐蚀性
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/metal/2020048
M. Jafarzadegan, F. Ahmadian, V. Salarvand, Souren Kashkooli
In this study, the effect of two different filler metals (ERNiCr-3 and ER308) on microstructure and corrosion resistance of gas tungsten arc welded AISI 304 has been investigated. The microstructure of the joints was investigated by optical and scanning electron microscope. The microhardness of samples was investigated to determine the mechanical properties of the welds. Also, the electrochemical corrosion resistance of the samples was studied by Tafel polarization and impedance analysis in 1 M hydrochloric acid. The results showed the niobium-rich carbides in the welded specimen by ERNiCr-3 filler, also this sample exhibited a higher hardness and corrosion resistance. The exchange current density and the polarization radius of the ERNiCr-3 filler metal were 0.069 mA and 244 Ω, and those of ER308 filler metal were 0.121 mA and 66 Ω, respectively. The higher hardness and corrosion resistance is attributed to the formation of hard niobium-rich carbides in the weld zone, which eliminates the formation of chromium carbides.
研究了ERNiCr-3和ER308两种不同钎料对AISI 304气体保护钨极弧焊组织和耐蚀性的影响。采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对接头的显微组织进行了研究。对试样进行显微硬度测定,以确定焊缝的力学性能。通过Tafel极化和阻抗分析,研究了样品在1 M盐酸中的电化学耐蚀性。结果表明,ERNiCr-3钎料焊接试样中含有富铌碳化物,且具有较高的硬度和耐蚀性。ERNiCr-3填充金属的交换电流密度和极化半径分别为0.069 mA和244 Ω, ER308填充金属的交换电流密度和极化半径分别为0.121 mA和66 Ω。较高的硬度和耐腐蚀性是由于在焊接区形成了坚硬的富铌碳化物,从而消除了碳化铬的形成。
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引用次数: 1
Tribological aspects of plasma nitrided layer in the case of a non-conventional treated steel for industrial gearings 在工业齿轮用非常规处理钢的情况下,等离子体氮化层的摩擦学方面
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3555
C. Papadatu
Plasma nitriding applied after a non-conventional treatment in magnetic field to the steel used in industry, have been studied in this paper. It have been demonstrated that the energy of the magnetic field intervenes in the balance of the global power of the phase transformations in solid state altering the thermodynamics, kinetics and the mechanisms of processes, the structures and some properties of the steel. The samples have been tested using an Amsler stand for wear tests (dry friction) and the diffractometric analysis completed this study. The plasma nitriding plant used was named the INI 150, was made by the Institute of Radiation Physics and Technology in collaboration with the "Electrotechnics" Enterprise and the Nuclear Apparatus (ICEFIZ) from Romania and was destined for technological research, but can also be used for industrial nitriding of small pieces. INI 150 was based on the physical phenomenon of a double cathode at plasma (ion) nitriding. The paper is a review of my researches from the last years.
本文研究了工业用钢经非常规磁场处理后的等离子体渗氮。研究表明,磁场的能量干预了固态相变总功率的平衡,改变了钢的热力学、动力学和过程机制,改变了钢的结构和某些性能。样品已使用Amsler支架进行磨损测试(干摩擦)和衍射分析完成了本研究。使用的等离子体氮化装置被命名为INI 150,由辐射物理和技术研究所与罗马尼亚的“电工技术”企业和核设备(ICEFIZ)合作制造,用于技术研究,但也可用于小件的工业氮化。INI 150是基于等离子体(离子)氮化时双阴极的物理现象。这篇论文是对我过去几年研究的综述。
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引用次数: 0
The viscous behavior and potassium removal capacity of CaO–SiO2–8wt%MgO–17wt%Al2O3–2.5wt%BaO–K2O slag CaO-SiO2-8wt % MgO-17wt % Al2O3-2.5wt % BaO-K2O渣的黏性和除钾能力
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/metal/2020013
Wen-guo Liu, Xiangdong Xing, H. Zuo
The viscous behavior and potassium removal capacity of CaO–SiO2 –8wt%MgO–17wt%Al2 O3 –2.5wt%BaO–K2 O slag system with CaO/SiO2 of 1.07 were studied. The effect of K2 O content ranging from 0 to 5 wt% on the viscosity, slag structure, apparent activation energy and potassium removal rate of present slag were analyzed. The results showed that with increase of K2 O content in slag, the viscosity and apparent activation energy tended to increase. When adding K2 O into the present slag, K+ ion rather than Ba2+ could preferentially compensate [AlO4 ] tetrahedron and more complex network structures would be formed, leading to higher polymerization degree of slag. The potassium removal rate was related to the reduction degree of K+ by carbon, and with rising of temperature and increasing of K2 O content there was a decreasing trend for the potassium removal capacity of slag.
研究了CaO/SiO2为1.07的CaO - SiO2 -8wt % MgO-17wt % al2o3 -2.5wt % BaO-K2 O渣体系的黏性和除钾能力。分析了0 ~ 5 wt%的K2 O含量对现渣粘度、渣结构、表观活化能和钾去除率的影响。结果表明:随着矿渣中K2 O含量的增加,矿渣的黏度和表观活化能有增大的趋势;当向渣中加入K2 O时,K+离子比Ba2+离子更优先补偿[AlO4]四面体,形成更复杂的网络结构,导致渣的聚合度更高。除钾率与碳对K+的还原程度有关,随着温度的升高和K2 O含量的增加,炉渣的除钾能力呈下降趋势。
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引用次数: 3
Comparison of Mechanical properties of laser cladded WC and (TiW)C1-x in Nibased alloy coatings 激光熔覆WC和(TiW)C1-x镍基合金涂层力学性能的比较
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3574
M. Vostřák, J. Hajšman, M. Hruška, A. Keslová
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引用次数: 0
Measurement of erosion state and refractory lining thickness of blast furnace hearth by using three-dimensional laser scanning method 用三维激光扫描法测量高炉炉底腐蚀状态和耐火衬厚度
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/metal/2020085
Lei Zhang, Jianliang Zhang, K. Jiao, Jia Guoli, Jiangjiang Gong, Yang Xiaoting, Zhao Manxiang, Du Weibin
The three-dimensional (3D) model of erosion state of blast furnace (BF) hearth was obtained by using 3D laser scanning method. The thickness of refractory lining can be measured anywhere and the erosion curves were extracted both in the circumferential and height directions to analyze the erosion characteristics. The results show that the most eroded positions located below 20# tuyere with an elevation of 7700 mm and below 24#–25# tuyere with an elevation of 8100 mm, the residual thickness here is only 295 mm. In the circumferential directions, the serious eroded areas located between every two tapholes while the taphole areas were protected well by the bonding material. In the height directions, the severe erosion areas located between the elevation of 7600 mm to 8200 mm. According to the calculation, the minimum depth to ensure the deadman floats in the hearth is 2581 mm, corresponding to the elevation of 7619 mm. It can be considered that during the blast furnace production process, the deadman has been sinking to the bottom of BF hearth and the erosion areas gradually formed at the root of deadman.
采用三维激光扫描方法,建立了高炉炉底侵蚀状态的三维模型。可在任意位置测量耐火衬里的厚度,提取其周向和高度方向的侵蚀曲线,分析其侵蚀特性。结果表明:20#风口以下(海拔7700 mm)和24# ~ 25#风口以下(海拔8100 mm)侵蚀最严重,残余厚度仅为295 mm;在周向上,每两个口口之间都有严重的侵蚀区,而口口区域受到粘结材料的良好保护。在高度方向上,严重侵蚀区位于海拔7600 ~ 8200 mm之间。根据计算,保证死人浮在炉缸内的最小深度为2581 mm,对应的标高为7619 mm。可以认为,在高炉生产过程中,炉膛一直向炉底下沉,炉膛根部逐渐形成侵蚀区。
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引用次数: 9
Syntheisis of the ZrB2-SiC ultra-high temperature ceramic powder by plasma spheroidization 等离子体球化法制备ZrB2-SiC超高温陶瓷粉体
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3606
I. Goncharov, N. Razumov, N. Ozerskoi, A. Silin, T. Makhmutov, A. Kim, A. Popovich
The mixture of ZrB2 and SiC powders were used as a raw material. The powders were milled in a planetary ball mill, blended with polyvinyl alcohol, and sieved to 0-125 μm. After sieving, the powder was spheroidized in Tekna Tek 15 ICP plasma plant. During the spheroidization, the ceramic powder melts and form a compound, containing ZrB2-SiC and rapidly crystallized forming dense spherical shaped powders, suitable for additive manufacturing or sintering techniques.
以ZrB2和SiC粉末的混合物为原料。粉末在行星球磨机中研磨,与聚乙烯醇混合,筛分至0-125 μm。筛分后,粉末在Tekna Tek 15 ICP等离子装置中球化。在球化过程中,陶瓷粉末熔化并形成含有ZrB2-SiC的化合物,并迅速结晶形成致密的球形粉末,适用于增材制造或烧结技术。
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引用次数: 0
MATERIAL ANALYSIS OF THE ENGINE PART FOR THE HISTORICAL MOTORCYCLE JAWA 250, 1939 历史摩托车java 250发动机零件材料分析,1939
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3594
Lukáš Kudrna, P. Váňová, J. Malcharcziková, T. Kubín
This article deals with the chemical composition of the engine part mounted on the historical motorcycle JAWA 250 from 1939. Before the company started making motorcycles, it was engaged in the production of firearms. It was an arms industry, and this also entailed high demands on the quality of the products, which can be observed not only on aluminum alloy castings but also on other parts of the motorcycle. The part under review is made of aluminum alloy and serves as a holder for the motorcycle ignition mechanism. It is one of many parts of the engine. There are several reasons for material analysis. The motorcycle was restored, and it was important to find out what material our ancestors used to produce the parts of the motorcycle. The measurement result can be used to produce a new part if necessary, which will be possible to replace either the missing part or the part in an already unrepairable state. The issues concerning the production of spare parts for historical means of transport or technical monuments are generally very extensive. Production processes and materials must be observed. For this reason, material analysis is of great importance and in the future, we will not be able to avoid it in the process of cultural technical monuments restoration. The information found may assist restorers to manufacture or repair of damaged parts. There were more types of JAWA motorcycles produced in the interwar period and the results of this research can be also applied in general.
本文讨论了1939年历史悠久的JAWA 250摩托车发动机部件的化学成分。在开始生产摩托车之前,该公司从事枪支生产。这是一个军火工业,这也意味着对产品质量的要求很高,这不仅可以在铝合金铸件上观察到,而且在摩托车的其他部件上也可以观察到。该部件由铝合金制成,用作摩托车点火机构的支架。它是发动机众多部件中的一个。材料分析有几个原因。摩托车被修复了,重要的是要找出我们的祖先用什么材料来生产摩托车的零件。测量结果可以用来生产一个新的零件,如果有必要,这将有可能取代缺失的部分或部分在一个已经无法修复的状态。为历史运输工具或技术纪念物生产备件的问题通常非常广泛。生产过程和材料必须遵守。因此,材料分析是非常重要的,在未来的文化技术古迹修复过程中,我们将无法避免它。发现的信息可能有助于修复者制造或修理损坏的部件。在两次世界大战期间,爪哇摩托车的生产种类较多,本研究的结果也可以普遍应用。
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引用次数: 0
Distortion modelling of steel 316l symmetric base plate for additive manufacturing process and experimental calibration 316l钢对称底板增材制造过程畸变建模及实验标定
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3565
A. Kiran, J. Hodek, J. Vavřík, O. Lukas, M. Urbánek
Distortion in additively manufactured metal parts is of interest to keep structural reliability. It is important to control the dimensional tolerance of the additively manufactured structure. This does not only reduce the cost of manufacturing, but also improves the quality of the manufactured parts. Distortion in additive manufacturing (AM) is inevitable due to localized heating, large thermal gradient, thermal cycles, cooling rate, process parameters, etc. Base plate distortion during the AM process was studied in detail. Base plate structural deformation was measured using a 3D scanner. The surface geometry of the base plate reveals a large distortion beneath the deposited material due to the temperature gradient. Thermal history and distortion during the AM process were classified into three stages. Mitigation methods for the respective stage was discussed. A Finite Element Model (FEM) was built and a numerical calculation for thermal and distortion was validated to experimental results.
增材制造金属零件的变形是保证结构可靠性的重要问题。增材制造结构的尺寸公差控制非常重要。这不仅降低了制造成本,而且提高了制造零件的质量。由于局部加热、大热梯度、热循环、冷却速度、工艺参数等因素,增材制造(AM)中的变形是不可避免的。对增材制造过程中基板变形进行了详细研究。利用三维扫描仪测量底板结构变形。基底的表面几何形状显示,由于温度梯度,沉积材料下面有很大的变形。将增材制造过程中的热历史和变形分为三个阶段。讨论了各自阶段的缓解方法。建立了有限元模型,并将热变形数值计算与实验结果进行了验证。
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引用次数: 5
STUDY OF THE STEEL HEAT TREATMENT MODE FOR THE PURPOSE OF INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF ULTRASONIC CONTROL 研究以提高超声波控制效率为目的的钢的热处理方式
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3518
A. Kurbatov, J. Averina, E. Kuzin, Victoria Tsevkova, N. Moiseeva
More and more attention is being paid to non-destructive testing of connecting elements. Currently, ultrasound control is widely used. A prerequisite for an effective and reliable process of ultrasonic testing is the grain size of the analysed metal. One option for influencing non-grain size of a steel part is to vary the heat treatment and tempering conditions. As part of the study, an assessment was made of the heat treatment modes of steel parts for grain size. It has been established that by changing the heat treatment and tempering regime it is possible to obtain grain with a size of 3-5 points. The optimal mode of the heat treatment process was selected, which allows to obtain the minimum grain size of 4-5 balls that is acceptable for ultrasonic testing.
连接元件的无损检测越来越受到人们的重视。目前,超声控制被广泛应用。一个有效和可靠的超声波检测过程的先决条件是被分析金属的晶粒尺寸。影响钢零件非晶粒尺寸的一种选择是改变热处理和回火条件。作为研究的一部分,对钢零件晶粒尺寸的热处理方式进行了评估。已经确定,通过改变热处理和回火制度,可以获得尺寸为3-5点的晶粒。选择了热处理工艺的最佳模式,可获得超声波检测可接受的4-5个球的最小晶粒尺寸。
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引用次数: 0
Determination of a coefficient of thermal expansion by machine learning 用机器学习确定热膨胀系数
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37904/metal.2020.3462
Mario Machů, Ľ. Drozdová, B. Smetana, J. Růžička, S. Zlá, S. Sorokina
Objective of this work is to model the thermal expansion coefficients of selected steel grade and compare results with those measured by TMA method. Coefficient of thermal expansion is described as a function of steel composition (C, Mn, P, S, Si, Cr, Ni, Mo) and temperature.Experimental values are described and compared with model. Correlation analysis of these data sets is done. Presented model is based on using artificial neural network and represents a preliminary test of method capability to be used for such problems class – for predicting of thermophysical properties depending on composition and temperatre.
本工作的目的是对选定钢种的热膨胀系数进行建模,并与TMA法测量的结果进行比较。热膨胀系数被描述为钢成分(C, Mn, P, S, Si, Cr, Ni, Mo)和温度的函数。描述了实验值,并与模型进行了比较。对这些数据集进行了相关性分析。所提出的模型是基于人工神经网络的,代表了用于此类问题的方法能力的初步测试-用于预测依赖于成分和温度的热物理性质。
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引用次数: 0
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Revue De Metallurgie-cahiers D Informations Techniques
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