Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-05
Mohammad Sabri Abdul Rahman, S. Bejo, Z. Zakaria, L. Hassan, M. A. Roslan
Pathogenic leptospires cause leptospirosis in both animals and humans around the world. Humans can be infected by leptospires through direct contact with infected animals or indirect contact with leptospires contaminated water or soil. Outbreaks of leptospirosis usually occur after heavy rainfall and flooding, particularly in endemic areas. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of leptospires in water and soil in livestock farms after a massive flood in Kelantan. Samples were collected from 28 livestock farms in Kelantan, comprising 62 water samples and 62 soil samples, respectively. The samples were filtered and inoculated into a semisolid EMJH medium containing 5-FU for the isolation of Leptospira spp. The Leptospira spp. isolates were then identified using classical methods (1M NaCl, 8-azaguanine, and 13 °C), serology (MAT), multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR), and DNA sequencing. The classical identification methods showed varying results and failed to differentiate between pathogenic and non-pathogenic leptospires. MAT showed the isolates reactions against serovars Autumnalis, Hebdomadis, Pyrogenes, Bataviae, Patoc, and Wolffii. However, mPCR showed that all isolates were non-pathogenic Leptospira spp. Further identification using DNA sequencing found that all isolates were identified as Leptospira wolffii, an intermediate species of Leptospira. The presence of L. wolffii in water and soil provides evidence that this species is circulating in the environment and could potentially transmit to humans and animals.
{"title":"Detection of Leptospira wolffii in Water and Soil on Livestock Farms in Kelantan After a Massive Flood","authors":"Mohammad Sabri Abdul Rahman, S. Bejo, Z. Zakaria, L. Hassan, M. A. Roslan","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-05","url":null,"abstract":"Pathogenic leptospires cause leptospirosis in both animals and humans around the world. Humans can be infected by leptospires through direct contact with infected animals or indirect contact with leptospires contaminated water or soil. Outbreaks of leptospirosis usually occur after heavy rainfall and flooding, particularly in endemic areas. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of leptospires in water and soil in livestock farms after a massive flood in Kelantan. Samples were collected from 28 livestock farms in Kelantan, comprising 62 water samples and 62 soil samples, respectively. The samples were filtered and inoculated into a semisolid EMJH medium containing 5-FU for the isolation of Leptospira spp. The Leptospira spp. isolates were then identified using classical methods (1M NaCl, 8-azaguanine, and 13 °C), serology (MAT), multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR), and DNA sequencing. The classical identification methods showed varying results and failed to differentiate between pathogenic and non-pathogenic leptospires. MAT showed the isolates reactions against serovars Autumnalis, Hebdomadis, Pyrogenes, Bataviae, Patoc, and Wolffii. However, mPCR showed that all isolates were non-pathogenic Leptospira spp. Further identification using DNA sequencing found that all isolates were identified as Leptospira wolffii, an intermediate species of Leptospira. The presence of L. wolffii in water and soil provides evidence that this species is circulating in the environment and could potentially transmit to humans and animals.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49124292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-16
Fatin Hanani Mohd Fadhil, Shiow-Fern Ng, Haliza Katas
Baru-baru ini, RNA penghalang kecil substrat-Diser (DsiRNA) telah digabungkan dengan satu agen anti-radang semula jadi iaitu kurkumin (Cur) dalam bentuk nanozarah dan dimuatkan ke dalam gel untuk rawatan luka kencing manis. DsiRNA telah digunakan untuk melenyapkan ekspresi berlebihan gen pembawa prostaglandin (PGT) yang mengganggu respons pembentukan salur darah dan melambatkan penyembuhan luka. Selain sifat fizikokimia, keberkesanan dan keselamatan formulasi ini juga bergantung kepada corak pelepasan bahan aktif. Oleh itu, kajian ini telah menilai corak pelepasan bahan aktif daripada nanozarah dan gel tersebut serta kesan kesitotoksikannya. Dalam kajian ini, kedua-dua bahan aktif ini telah dimasukkan ke dalam nanozarah kitosan (CSNPs) menggunakan kaedah gelasi ion dan kemudiannya dicampur ke dalam pembawa gel Pluronik F-127 (PF-127) pada kepekatan berbeza. CSNPs yang terhasil telah dioptimumkan untuk memperoleh zarah bersaiz kecil (301.3 ± 57.6 nm) dan cas permukaan yang tinggi (+23.7 ± 0.7 mV). Kebanyakan zarah adalah berbentuk sfera dengan keberkesanan pemerangkapan yang tinggi untuk Cur (86.8 ± 4.2%) dan DsiRNA (100.9 ± 52.5%). Gel yang terhasil pula mempunyai tekstur dan morfologi gel yang baik dan sesuai untuk aplikasi topikal. Kajian pelepasan dadah selama 24 jam secara in-vitro menunjukkan jumlah kumulatif pelepasan DsiRNA adalah lebih tinggi berbanding Cur iaitu dalam lingkungan 23.8-35.4 µg/cm2. Kebolehidupan fibroblas yang didedahkan kepada formulasi ini juga adalah melebihi 80%, menggambarkan sifat tidak toksik CSNPs terhadap sel. Kesimpulannya, formulasi gel yang mengandungi CSNPSs ini berpotensi untuk dibangunkan sebagai pembalut luka dan agen penyembuh luka kencing manis.
{"title":"Gel Mengandungi Nanopartikel Kitosan yang Dimuatkan dengan DsiRNA dan Kurkumin sebagai Pembalut Luka Kencing Manis: Pelepasan Bahan Aktif dan Kesan Sitotoksik","authors":"Fatin Hanani Mohd Fadhil, Shiow-Fern Ng, Haliza Katas","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-16","url":null,"abstract":"Baru-baru ini, RNA penghalang kecil substrat-Diser (DsiRNA) telah digabungkan dengan satu agen anti-radang semula jadi iaitu kurkumin (Cur) dalam bentuk nanozarah dan dimuatkan ke dalam gel untuk rawatan luka kencing manis. DsiRNA telah digunakan untuk melenyapkan ekspresi berlebihan gen pembawa prostaglandin (PGT) yang mengganggu respons pembentukan salur darah dan melambatkan penyembuhan luka. Selain sifat fizikokimia, keberkesanan dan keselamatan formulasi ini juga bergantung kepada corak pelepasan bahan aktif. Oleh itu, kajian ini telah menilai corak pelepasan bahan aktif daripada nanozarah dan gel tersebut serta kesan kesitotoksikannya. Dalam kajian ini, kedua-dua bahan aktif ini telah dimasukkan ke dalam nanozarah kitosan (CSNPs) menggunakan kaedah gelasi ion dan kemudiannya dicampur ke dalam pembawa gel Pluronik F-127 (PF-127) pada kepekatan berbeza. CSNPs yang terhasil telah dioptimumkan untuk memperoleh zarah bersaiz kecil (301.3 ± 57.6 nm) dan cas permukaan yang tinggi (+23.7 ± 0.7 mV). Kebanyakan zarah adalah berbentuk sfera dengan keberkesanan pemerangkapan yang tinggi untuk Cur (86.8 ± 4.2%) dan DsiRNA (100.9 ± 52.5%). Gel yang terhasil pula mempunyai tekstur dan morfologi gel yang baik dan sesuai untuk aplikasi topikal. Kajian pelepasan dadah selama 24 jam secara in-vitro menunjukkan jumlah kumulatif pelepasan DsiRNA adalah lebih tinggi berbanding Cur iaitu dalam lingkungan 23.8-35.4 µg/cm2. Kebolehidupan fibroblas yang didedahkan kepada formulasi ini juga adalah melebihi 80%, menggambarkan sifat tidak toksik CSNPs terhadap sel. Kesimpulannya, formulasi gel yang mengandungi CSNPSs ini berpotensi untuk dibangunkan sebagai pembalut luka dan agen penyembuh luka kencing manis.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41723076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-20
Adilah Abdul Ghapor, Y. Zubairi, Sayed Md. Al Mamun, Siti Fatimah Hassan, E. Aruchunan, N. A. Mokhtar
Outliers are some observation points outside the usual pattern of the other observations. It is essential to detect outliers as anomalous observations can affect the inference made in the analysis. In this study, we propose an efficient clustering procedure to identify multiple outliers in the linear functional relationship model using the single linkage algorithm with the Euclidean distance as the similarity measure. A new robust cut-off point using the median and median absolute deviation for the tree heights to classify the potential outliers are proposed in this study. Experimental results from the simulation study suggest our proposed method is able to identify the presence of multiple outliers with very small probability of swamping and masking. Application in real data also shows that the proposed clustering method for this linear functional relationship model successfully detects the outliers, thus suggesting the method's practicality in real-world problems.
{"title":"Identifying Multiple Outliers in Linear Functional Relationship Model using a Robust Clustering Method","authors":"Adilah Abdul Ghapor, Y. Zubairi, Sayed Md. Al Mamun, Siti Fatimah Hassan, E. Aruchunan, N. A. Mokhtar","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-20","url":null,"abstract":"Outliers are some observation points outside the usual pattern of the other observations. It is essential to detect outliers as anomalous observations can affect the inference made in the analysis. In this study, we propose an efficient clustering procedure to identify multiple outliers in the linear functional relationship model using the single linkage algorithm with the Euclidean distance as the similarity measure. A new robust cut-off point using the median and median absolute deviation for the tree heights to classify the potential outliers are proposed in this study. Experimental results from the simulation study suggest our proposed method is able to identify the presence of multiple outliers with very small probability of swamping and masking. Application in real data also shows that the proposed clustering method for this linear functional relationship model successfully detects the outliers, thus suggesting the method's practicality in real-world problems.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43633444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-10
Nur ‘Izzah Ahmad Juanda, Noorashikin Md Saleh, Nor Yuliana Yuhana Nor Yuliana Yuhana, S. Asman, F. Yusoff
Methylphenol is extensively produced from pharmaceuticals, agriculture, textiles, cosmetics, and petrochemicals industries. It is a pollutant that can adversely affect public health and the ecosystem. Following the issues raised, methylphenol extraction from Selangor rivers need to be done to avoid adverse consequences. In this study, solid phase extraction (SPE) combined with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) detection at 271 nm was utilized to extract methylphenol from Selangor rivers. The challenges reported by applying the SPE technique was to identify the optimum conditions for extraction to guarantee effective recovery of the extracted methylphenol. Therefore, this research aimed to develop an extraction technique to extract methylphenol from Selangor rivers. In this study, 3 mL Supel Swift-HLB cartridges with bed weight of 60 mg were used as SPE cartridges. The optimum conditions for methylphenol SPE were 3 mL methanol as a conditioning solvent, 6 mL of pH 5 water sample with a contact time of 4 min with adsorbent bed was practiced during sample loading, 3 mL of acetonitrile as washing solvent, and 12 mL of acetone as the elution solvent. The concentrations of methylphenol detected at five different locations collected from Sungai Klang, Sungai Selangor, and Sungai Langat ranged from 5 to 6 mg L-1. SPE coupled with UV-Vis is an appropriate method for methylphenol extraction as it simplifies sample preparation, is time saving, and can achieve a high percentage recovery of methylphenol.
甲基苯酚广泛生产于制药、农业、纺织、化妆品和石化行业。它是一种会对公众健康和生态系统产生不利影响的污染物。根据提出的问题，需要从雪兰莪河中提取甲基苯酚，以避免不良后果。本研究采用固相萃取（SPE）与紫外可见光谱（UV-Vis）检测相结合的方法从雪兰莪河中提取甲基苯酚。应用SPE技术报告的挑战是确定最佳提取条件，以确保有效回收提取的甲基苯酚。因此，本研究旨在开发一种从雪兰莪河中提取甲基苯酚的提取技术。在本研究中，使用3 mL床重为60 mg的Supel Swift HLB滤筒作为SPE滤筒。甲基苯酚SPE的最佳条件是3mL甲醇作为调理溶剂，在样品加载过程中采用6mL pH 5的水样，与吸附床的接触时间为4min，3mL乙腈作为洗涤溶剂，12mL丙酮作为洗脱溶剂。从双溪巴生、雪兰莪双溪和兰加双溪采集的五个不同地点检测到的甲基苯酚浓度范围为5至6 mg L-1。SPE与UV-Vis相结合是提取甲基苯酚的合适方法，因为它简化了样品制备，节省了时间，并且可以实现甲基苯酚的高回收率。
{"title":"Analysis of Methylphenol Concentration in Selangor Rivers, Malaysia using Solid Phase Extraction Technique Coupled with UV-Vis Spectroscopy","authors":"Nur ‘Izzah Ahmad Juanda, Noorashikin Md Saleh, Nor Yuliana Yuhana Nor Yuliana Yuhana, S. Asman, F. Yusoff","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-10","url":null,"abstract":"Methylphenol is extensively produced from pharmaceuticals, agriculture, textiles, cosmetics, and petrochemicals industries. It is a pollutant that can adversely affect public health and the ecosystem. Following the issues raised, methylphenol extraction from Selangor rivers need to be done to avoid adverse consequences. In this study, solid phase extraction (SPE) combined with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) detection at 271 nm was utilized to extract methylphenol from Selangor rivers. The challenges reported by applying the SPE technique was to identify the optimum conditions for extraction to guarantee effective recovery of the extracted methylphenol. Therefore, this research aimed to develop an extraction technique to extract methylphenol from Selangor rivers. In this study, 3 mL Supel Swift-HLB cartridges with bed weight of 60 mg were used as SPE cartridges. The optimum conditions for methylphenol SPE were 3 mL methanol as a conditioning solvent, 6 mL of pH 5 water sample with a contact time of 4 min with adsorbent bed was practiced during sample loading, 3 mL of acetonitrile as washing solvent, and 12 mL of acetone as the elution solvent. The concentrations of methylphenol detected at five different locations collected from Sungai Klang, Sungai Selangor, and Sungai Langat ranged from 5 to 6 mg L-1. SPE coupled with UV-Vis is an appropriate method for methylphenol extraction as it simplifies sample preparation, is time saving, and can achieve a high percentage recovery of methylphenol.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48621143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-04
Izzah Farhah Zambari, Sitti Rahma Abdul Hafid, N. Muhamad
Christia vespertilionis (L. f.) Bakh. f. is widely known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. However, there are no previous studies about extracting and purifying protease enzymes from C. vespertilionisleaves. Therefore, this study was conducted to extract and optimise the purification of protease from C. vespertilionis leaves and characterise its anti-inflammatory properties. The optimisation was performed using different levels of ammonium sulphate saturation (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%). Next, dialysis was carried out for the sample with the highest specific activity (16.88 U/mg), achieved with 100% ammonium sulphate saturation. At 100% saturation, C. vespertilionis leaves showed an increase in the specific activity to 20.06 U/mg after dialysis. The findings demonstrate the successful extraction and purification of C. vespertilionis protease (CVP) with a molecular weight of 48 kDa, as proven by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. CVP also exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, with an inhibition of 45.6% in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and IC50 of 19.24 µg/mL. The HPLC test further confirmed the presence of gallic acid and quercetin compounds in C. vespertilionis, which cure inflammation. The results indicate that optimised CVP purification was achieved and its anti-inflammatory ability was proven.
{"title":"Optimisation of Protease Purification from Christia vespertilionis Leaves and Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity","authors":"Izzah Farhah Zambari, Sitti Rahma Abdul Hafid, N. Muhamad","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-04","url":null,"abstract":"Christia vespertilionis (L. f.) Bakh. f. is widely known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. However, there are no previous studies about extracting and purifying protease enzymes from C. vespertilionisleaves. Therefore, this study was conducted to extract and optimise the purification of protease from C. vespertilionis leaves and characterise its anti-inflammatory properties. The optimisation was performed using different levels of ammonium sulphate saturation (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%). Next, dialysis was carried out for the sample with the highest specific activity (16.88 U/mg), achieved with 100% ammonium sulphate saturation. At 100% saturation, C. vespertilionis leaves showed an increase in the specific activity to 20.06 U/mg after dialysis. The findings demonstrate the successful extraction and purification of C. vespertilionis protease (CVP) with a molecular weight of 48 kDa, as proven by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. CVP also exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, with an inhibition of 45.6% in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and IC50 of 19.24 µg/mL. The HPLC test further confirmed the presence of gallic acid and quercetin compounds in C. vespertilionis, which cure inflammation. The results indicate that optimised CVP purification was achieved and its anti-inflammatory ability was proven.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42715670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-08
N. Suhaili, L. Lim, L. P. Teh, Siti Nurzubaida Shahdan, Zaitun Ghazali, M. Miyamoto, S. Uemiya, R. Othaman
Carbon dioxide (CO2) as one of the heat-trapping gases, has caused global warming. Being a greener and more economical material, amino acid-based deep eutectic solvents (AADES) have attracted interest in CO2 capture applications. In this paper, the effect of L-arginine (Arg) in binary AADES of arginine-ethylene glycol (Arg-EG) and ternary AADES of choline chloride-ethylene glycol-arginine (ChCl-EG-Arg) on adsorption of CO2 was studied. The solubility, basicity, and physicochemical characteristics were compared with the binary DES (ChCl-EG) before and after being impregnated into a silica gel (SG) via the wet impregnation method. The AADES/SG adsorbents were evaluated for CO2 sorption performance using an automated gas sorption analyzer at 100% CO2 loading and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at flue gas conditions (15% CO2/85% N2). Findings show the basicity and the nitrogen content (N%) of AADES/SG were increased as Arg was added and DES/AADES functional group peaks (amino, hydroxyl, alkyl groups) were observed after the impregnation. The CO2 sorption of 16.0 mg/g at 25 °C and 1 atm was achieved by 30% Arg-EG(1:8)/SG followed by 30% ChCl-EG-Arg (1:2:0.1)/SG (14.8 mg/g) and 30% ChCl-EG/SG(1:2) (14.5 mg/g) using an Autosorb iQ2 instruments with 100% CO2 loading. The CO2 uptake was increased almost linearly with increasing pressure and decreased with increasing temperature. The Arg-EG(1:8)/SG shows the highest selectivity toward CO2 than other sorbents with 8.10 mg/g adsorption for 1 h at 15% CO2 loading at 25 °C with higher thermal stability and surface area. Considering environmental, technological, and economic viewpoints, the Arg-EG(1:8)/SG can be explored more as a potential solid sorbent for CO2 capture.
{"title":"Effect of Arginine-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents on Supported Porous Sorbent for CO2 Capture Analysis","authors":"N. Suhaili, L. Lim, L. P. Teh, Siti Nurzubaida Shahdan, Zaitun Ghazali, M. Miyamoto, S. Uemiya, R. Othaman","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-08","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon dioxide (CO2) as one of the heat-trapping gases, has caused global warming. Being a greener and more economical material, amino acid-based deep eutectic solvents (AADES) have attracted interest in CO2 capture applications. In this paper, the effect of L-arginine (Arg) in binary AADES of arginine-ethylene glycol (Arg-EG) and ternary AADES of choline chloride-ethylene glycol-arginine (ChCl-EG-Arg) on adsorption of CO2 was studied. The solubility, basicity, and physicochemical characteristics were compared with the binary DES (ChCl-EG) before and after being impregnated into a silica gel (SG) via the wet impregnation method. The AADES/SG adsorbents were evaluated for CO2 sorption performance using an automated gas sorption analyzer at 100% CO2 loading and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at flue gas conditions (15% CO2/85% N2). Findings show the basicity and the nitrogen content (N%) of AADES/SG were increased as Arg was added and DES/AADES functional group peaks (amino, hydroxyl, alkyl groups) were observed after the impregnation. The CO2 sorption of 16.0 mg/g at 25 °C and 1 atm was achieved by 30% Arg-EG(1:8)/SG followed by 30% ChCl-EG-Arg (1:2:0.1)/SG (14.8 mg/g) and 30% ChCl-EG/SG(1:2) (14.5 mg/g) using an Autosorb iQ2 instruments with 100% CO2 loading. The CO2 uptake was increased almost linearly with increasing pressure and decreased with increasing temperature. The Arg-EG(1:8)/SG shows the highest selectivity toward CO2 than other sorbents with 8.10 mg/g adsorption for 1 h at 15% CO2 loading at 25 °C with higher thermal stability and surface area. Considering environmental, technological, and economic viewpoints, the Arg-EG(1:8)/SG can be explored more as a potential solid sorbent for CO2 capture.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44717189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-06
Silvi Ikawati Silvi Ikawati, Fery Abdul Choliq
Plutella xylostella, diamondback moth (DBM), has been one of the most challenging insects to control in the world to date. Environmentally friendly methods of control, such as the use of botanical insecticides, are available. A formulation that can sustain the main compound's level is required, which can be accomplished through soluble powder nanoformulation. The goal of this research was to test and evaluate the ability of clove oil nanoparticles produced from polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) to control DBM utilizing a solid dispersion technique. Bioassay by leaf dip method in laboratory was used to test the lethal effect of clove oil nanoparticles (CO-NPs) on DBM. Clove oil nanoformulation was successful because it produced nanoparticles (179.98 nm in diameter) while maintaining high levels of the active component eugenol. Clove oil nanoparticles may increase clove oil's toxicity to DBM, seen from the LC50 value after 24 h of treatment. The LC50 values for clove oil nanoparticles after 24 and 48 h of treatment were 10.308 and 9.451%, respectively.
{"title":"Toxicity of Clove Oil Nanoparticles against Diamondback Moth Plutella xylostella (L.)","authors":"Silvi Ikawati Silvi Ikawati, Fery Abdul Choliq","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-06","url":null,"abstract":"Plutella xylostella, diamondback moth (DBM), has been one of the most challenging insects to control in the world to date. Environmentally friendly methods of control, such as the use of botanical insecticides, are available. A formulation that can sustain the main compound's level is required, which can be accomplished through soluble powder nanoformulation. The goal of this research was to test and evaluate the ability of clove oil nanoparticles produced from polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) to control DBM utilizing a solid dispersion technique. Bioassay by leaf dip method in laboratory was used to test the lethal effect of clove oil nanoparticles (CO-NPs) on DBM. Clove oil nanoformulation was successful because it produced nanoparticles (179.98 nm in diameter) while maintaining high levels of the active component eugenol. Clove oil nanoparticles may increase clove oil's toxicity to DBM, seen from the LC50 value after 24 h of treatment. The LC50 values for clove oil nanoparticles after 24 and 48 h of treatment were 10.308 and 9.451%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49435046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-12
Muhammad Kashif Muhammad Kashif, Sadia Minhas Sadia Minhas, Shah Jahan Shah Jahan, Afra Samad Afra Samad, Faheem Shahzad Faheem Shahzad, Romeeza Tahir Romeeza Tahir, Abdul Hanan Nagi Abdul Hanan Nagi, Nadeem Afzal Nadeem Afzal
CD44 expression in tumours imparts potential to progress, metastasize, recurrence, and resistance against antineoplastic therapy. In this study, we sought to describe the variation in the immuno-expression and numeration of MDR1+ and CD44+ potential cancer stem cells in different histological grades and subtypes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Flow-cytometric analysis was performed on single cell suspension prepared from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue (FFPET) sections of HNSCC using anti-CD44 and anti-MDR1/ABCB-1 primary monoclonal antibodies. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was also carried out using both of these antibodies on HNSCC tissue sections mounted on super frosted glass slides. On immunohistochemical analysis, the mean IRS for CD44 and MDR1 were 8.6364 ±3.02114 and 1.5909 ±1.27674 respectively. When mean immune-expression scores of CD44 antibody and MDR1/ABCB-1 were compared with histological grades and subtypes of HNSCC, the relationship was found to be statistically insignificant. Interestingly, a strong statistical difference (p = 0.000) was observed when the mean score of subset of dysplastic squamous epithelial cells with characteristics of cell stemness (CD326+CD44+) was compared among different histological subtypes of HNSCC using flowcytometric analysis. While no statistically significant association was observed when the mean score for subset of dysplastic cells with potential of drug resistance (CD44+MDR1+) was compared among different histological subtypes of HNSCC. Although potential cancer stem cell marker CD44 and the multidrug resistance maker ABCB-1/MDR1 co-expressed in HNSCC but the proportion of CD326+CD44+ subset of tumour cells (potential cancer stem cells/CSCs) significantly correlates with least aggressive to more aggressive tumour subtypes.
{"title":"Proportion of CD44+ Subset of Tumour Cells in Single Cell Suspension Prepared from FFPET Sections Directly Correlates with Histological Subtyping of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma","authors":"Muhammad Kashif Muhammad Kashif, Sadia Minhas Sadia Minhas, Shah Jahan Shah Jahan, Afra Samad Afra Samad, Faheem Shahzad Faheem Shahzad, Romeeza Tahir Romeeza Tahir, Abdul Hanan Nagi Abdul Hanan Nagi, Nadeem Afzal Nadeem Afzal","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-12","url":null,"abstract":"CD44 expression in tumours imparts potential to progress, metastasize, recurrence, and resistance against antineoplastic therapy. In this study, we sought to describe the variation in the immuno-expression and numeration of MDR1+ and CD44+ potential cancer stem cells in different histological grades and subtypes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Flow-cytometric analysis was performed on single cell suspension prepared from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue (FFPET) sections of HNSCC using anti-CD44 and anti-MDR1/ABCB-1 primary monoclonal antibodies. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was also carried out using both of these antibodies on HNSCC tissue sections mounted on super frosted glass slides. On immunohistochemical analysis, the mean IRS for CD44 and MDR1 were 8.6364 ±3.02114 and 1.5909 ±1.27674 respectively. When mean immune-expression scores of CD44 antibody and MDR1/ABCB-1 were compared with histological grades and subtypes of HNSCC, the relationship was found to be statistically insignificant. Interestingly, a strong statistical difference (p = 0.000) was observed when the mean score of subset of dysplastic squamous epithelial cells with characteristics of cell stemness (CD326+CD44+) was compared among different histological subtypes of HNSCC using flowcytometric analysis. While no statistically significant association was observed when the mean score for subset of dysplastic cells with potential of drug resistance (CD44+MDR1+) was compared among different histological subtypes of HNSCC. Although potential cancer stem cell marker CD44 and the multidrug resistance maker ABCB-1/MDR1 co-expressed in HNSCC but the proportion of CD326+CD44+ subset of tumour cells (potential cancer stem cells/CSCs) significantly correlates with least aggressive to more aggressive tumour subtypes.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41770307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-17
Nurul Nadiah Mahmud, A. Sulong, K. Ameyama
Powder injection moulding (PIM) is widely used to produce complex shapes of Titanium and its alloys. Ti6Al4V-HA feedstocks at 63, 64 and 66 vol.% were produced by combining a Ti6Al4V-HA powder mixture (90:10 wt.%) with a binder system containing palm stearin (PS) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Binder system consisted with 60 wt.% of PS and 40 wt.% of LDPE. All powder loading materials were successfully injection moulded into the shape of a tension bar. Following that, all powder loadings were successfully debound in solvent and thermal methods. Based on SEM observation that 66 vol.% powder loading demonstrated homogenized distribution of powder and binder. Hence, 66 vol.% powder loading was selected for further process sintering at 1300 ºC, and its bending strength was evaluated. Sintered Ti6Al4V-HA with porous structure has Young’s modulus of 11 GPa, within the Young modulus of bone (10 to 30 GPa). The results of this study indicate that sintered Ti6Al4V-HA has potential as an implant material.
{"title":"Powder Injection Moulded Ti6Al4V-HA Composite for Implants","authors":"Nurul Nadiah Mahmud, A. Sulong, K. Ameyama","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-17","url":null,"abstract":"Powder injection moulding (PIM) is widely used to produce complex shapes of Titanium and its alloys. Ti6Al4V-HA feedstocks at 63, 64 and 66 vol.% were produced by combining a Ti6Al4V-HA powder mixture (90:10 wt.%) with a binder system containing palm stearin (PS) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Binder system consisted with 60 wt.% of PS and 40 wt.% of LDPE. All powder loading materials were successfully injection moulded into the shape of a tension bar. Following that, all powder loadings were successfully debound in solvent and thermal methods. Based on SEM observation that 66 vol.% powder loading demonstrated homogenized distribution of powder and binder. Hence, 66 vol.% powder loading was selected for further process sintering at 1300 ºC, and its bending strength was evaluated. Sintered Ti6Al4V-HA with porous structure has Young’s modulus of 11 GPa, within the Young modulus of bone (10 to 30 GPa). The results of this study indicate that sintered Ti6Al4V-HA has potential as an implant material.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45588601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-11
Jananee A/P Balaraman, Noorashikin Md Saleh, Muhammad Zulhaziman Mat Salleh, F. Yusoff, S. Asman
Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates (PAEs) are endocrine disrupting chemicals that are abundantly found in the environment. These chemicals leach from polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins into the environment when exposed to heat. Human exposure to these chemicals causes various health issues; hence, the detection of BPA and PAEs has become more sensitive, and thus it is the most important environmental issue to be reduced due to consequences on human health. This research aimed to determine the optimum parameter of extraction process for BPA and PAEs from water samples by using deep eutectic solvent (DES) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography- ultraviolet spectroscopy (HPLC-UV). Water samples for BPA and PAEs extraction were from various rivers and lakes in Selangor. The solvent used in the DES was a mixture of decanoic acid and tetrabutylammonium iodide. The extraction parameters that have been studied are molar ratio i.e., 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, extraction time i.e., 10, 15 and 20 min, extraction temperature i.e., 50, 60 and 70 ºC and solvent volume i.e., 3, 6 and 9 mL. The optimum molar ratio of solvent and extraction time were 1:2 and 20 min, respectively. The best extraction temperature and volume of solvent with the highest recovery rate were 70 ºC and 3 mL. Sungai Kuang shows the highest bisphenol-A concentration of 23.9613 µg/L while Sungai Nada has the highest benzyl-butyl phthalates concentration of 73.6834 µg/L. Sungai Damansara shows the highest dibutyl phthalates concentration of 7.3163 µg/L. In conclusion, data obtained in this research will contribute a new knowledge in the Sustainable Development Goals 6, which is clean water and sanitation because the world is progressing to increase access to clean drinking water and sanitation. There are also some other endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) such as disinfection byproducts and pesticides which is more suitable to be extracted from water samples using solid phase microextraction due to low contamination in water. It is very important to research, detect and extract the bisphenol and phthalates from water sources as these pollutants might cause health issues and environmental pollutions which cannot be resolved in future due to its smaller size and its existence in large quantity.
{"title":"Deep Eutectic Solvent Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Extraction of Bisphenols and Phthalates from Selected Freshwater Source in Selangor, Malaysia","authors":"Jananee A/P Balaraman, Noorashikin Md Saleh, Muhammad Zulhaziman Mat Salleh, F. Yusoff, S. Asman","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-11","url":null,"abstract":"Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates (PAEs) are endocrine disrupting chemicals that are abundantly found in the environment. These chemicals leach from polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins into the environment when exposed to heat. Human exposure to these chemicals causes various health issues; hence, the detection of BPA and PAEs has become more sensitive, and thus it is the most important environmental issue to be reduced due to consequences on human health. This research aimed to determine the optimum parameter of extraction process for BPA and PAEs from water samples by using deep eutectic solvent (DES) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography- ultraviolet spectroscopy (HPLC-UV). Water samples for BPA and PAEs extraction were from various rivers and lakes in Selangor. The solvent used in the DES was a mixture of decanoic acid and tetrabutylammonium iodide. The extraction parameters that have been studied are molar ratio i.e., 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, extraction time i.e., 10, 15 and 20 min, extraction temperature i.e., 50, 60 and 70 ºC and solvent volume i.e., 3, 6 and 9 mL. The optimum molar ratio of solvent and extraction time were 1:2 and 20 min, respectively. The best extraction temperature and volume of solvent with the highest recovery rate were 70 ºC and 3 mL. Sungai Kuang shows the highest bisphenol-A concentration of 23.9613 µg/L while Sungai Nada has the highest benzyl-butyl phthalates concentration of 73.6834 µg/L. Sungai Damansara shows the highest dibutyl phthalates concentration of 7.3163 µg/L. In conclusion, data obtained in this research will contribute a new knowledge in the Sustainable Development Goals 6, which is clean water and sanitation because the world is progressing to increase access to clean drinking water and sanitation. There are also some other endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) such as disinfection byproducts and pesticides which is more suitable to be extracted from water samples using solid phase microextraction due to low contamination in water. It is very important to research, detect and extract the bisphenol and phthalates from water sources as these pollutants might cause health issues and environmental pollutions which cannot be resolved in future due to its smaller size and its existence in large quantity.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48819560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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