Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-17
Krittika Srisuksai, Kongphop Parunyakul, Pitchaya Santativongchai, S. Ampawong, P. Tulayakul, W. Fungfuang
Crocodile oil (CO) is rich in polyunsaturated (PUFAs) fatty acids. Diets rich in PUFAs can maintain mitochondrial function, which is important in signal transduction and survival of neuronal cells. We investigated the effects of CO on brain mitochondrial protein expression and cognitive function in male rats. Twenty-one rats were randomly divided into three groups: (1) control, (2) treated with CO (3 mL/kg), and (3) treated with palm oil (PO; 3 mL/kg). Animals received oral gavage once-daily for seven weeks. The parameters that were measured were food intake, energy intake, body weight, serum lipid profiles, cognitive behavior, brain mitochondrial architecture, brain mitochondrial expression, and hippocampal structure. In CO and PO groups, food intake decreased significantly compared with that in the control group (p<0.05), but energy intake, body weight, and lipid profiles were not affected. Spatial learning in the PO group decreased significantly compared with that in control and CO groups (p<0.05). Crocodile oil significantly decreased the percentage of abnormal mitochondria (p<0.05) and the expression of apoptotic marker (p<0.05) compared with those in the PO treatment but also increased energy production marker (p<0.05) compared with those in the control and PO treatment. Moreover, percentage of intact hippocampal cells was not different between CO and control groups, but neuronal cells were lost in the PO group (p<0.05). This study suggest that CO could enhance the brain energy production and maintain cognitive function. CO can be an alternative dietary oil for treating brain energy disorder in the future.
{"title":"Effect of Crocodile Oil (Crocodylus siamensis) on Brain Mitochondrial Protein Expression and Cognition in Male Rats","authors":"Krittika Srisuksai, Kongphop Parunyakul, Pitchaya Santativongchai, S. Ampawong, P. Tulayakul, W. Fungfuang","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-17","url":null,"abstract":"Crocodile oil (CO) is rich in polyunsaturated (PUFAs) fatty acids. Diets rich in PUFAs can maintain mitochondrial function, which is important in signal transduction and survival of neuronal cells. We investigated the effects of CO on brain mitochondrial protein expression and cognitive function in male rats. Twenty-one rats were randomly divided into three groups: (1) control, (2) treated with CO (3 mL/kg), and (3) treated with palm oil (PO; 3 mL/kg). Animals received oral gavage once-daily for seven weeks. The parameters that were measured were food intake, energy intake, body weight, serum lipid profiles, cognitive behavior, brain mitochondrial architecture, brain mitochondrial expression, and hippocampal structure. In CO and PO groups, food intake decreased significantly compared with that in the control group (p<0.05), but energy intake, body weight, and lipid profiles were not affected. Spatial learning in the PO group decreased significantly compared with that in control and CO groups (p<0.05). Crocodile oil significantly decreased the percentage of abnormal mitochondria (p<0.05) and the expression of apoptotic marker (p<0.05) compared with those in the PO treatment but also increased energy production marker (p<0.05) compared with those in the control and PO treatment. Moreover, percentage of intact hippocampal cells was not different between CO and control groups, but neuronal cells were lost in the PO group (p<0.05). This study suggest that CO could enhance the brain energy production and maintain cognitive function. CO can be an alternative dietary oil for treating brain energy disorder in the future.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42539440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-09
Nurul Asyiqin Addenan, M. S. Ngalimat, Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd. Rahman, Rakesh Donepudi, N. A. Mohd. Nasir, M. S. Jaafar, S. Sabri
Microbiologically Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICCP) through urea hydrolysis is the most effective way to precipitate a high concentration of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) within a short time. The MICCP process is used to remediate the micro-crack in the concrete. However, limited research has been conducted to determine CaCO3 precipitation by bacteria, especially in Malaysia. Here, Bacillus spp. isolated from the Malaysian stingless bee products were evaluated for CaCO3 precipitation. Bacillus spp. were selected for further study according to their ability to produce urease enzymes. The urease-positive Bacillus spp. were screened for CaCO3 precipitation by culturing on both CaCO3 precipitation agar and broth media. The survivability of the urease-positive Bacillus spp. in various temperatures, pH values, and NaCl concentrations were tested. Seven out of 11 Bacillus spp. were found as ureolytic bacteria. Among the ureolytic bacteria, bacteria belonging to the Bacillus subtilis species complex group showed the highest number of bacteria (36.4%) that are capable of precipitating CaCO3. Bacillus stratosphericus PD6 and B. aryabhattai BD8 exhibited the largest CaCO3 precipitation zones (15 mm). Bacillus stratosphericus PD6 also precipitated the highest amount of CaCO3 (65 mg) and urease activity (0.197 U/mL). All the urease-positive Bacillus spp. were able to grow at 45 °C, pH (8 to 12), and 5% NaCl. Only B. subtilis BD3 can withstand high temperatures up to 55 °C and 15% NaCl concentration. In conclusion, Bacillus spp. isolated from stingless bee products showed the ability as the CaCO3 precipitating bacteria; suggesting its potential application in self-healing concrete.
{"title":"Evaluation of Calcium Carbonate Precipitation by Bacillus spp. Isolated from Stingless Bee Products","authors":"Nurul Asyiqin Addenan, M. S. Ngalimat, Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd. Rahman, Rakesh Donepudi, N. A. Mohd. Nasir, M. S. Jaafar, S. Sabri","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-09","url":null,"abstract":"Microbiologically Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICCP) through urea hydrolysis is the most effective way to precipitate a high concentration of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) within a short time. The MICCP process is used to remediate the micro-crack in the concrete. However, limited research has been conducted to determine CaCO3 precipitation by bacteria, especially in Malaysia. Here, Bacillus spp. isolated from the Malaysian stingless bee products were evaluated for CaCO3 precipitation. Bacillus spp. were selected for further study according to their ability to produce urease enzymes. The urease-positive Bacillus spp. were screened for CaCO3 precipitation by culturing on both CaCO3 precipitation agar and broth media. The survivability of the urease-positive Bacillus spp. in various temperatures, pH values, and NaCl concentrations were tested. Seven out of 11 Bacillus spp. were found as ureolytic bacteria. Among the ureolytic bacteria, bacteria belonging to the Bacillus subtilis species complex group showed the highest number of bacteria (36.4%) that are capable of precipitating CaCO3. Bacillus stratosphericus PD6 and B. aryabhattai BD8 exhibited the largest CaCO3 precipitation zones (15 mm). Bacillus stratosphericus PD6 also precipitated the highest amount of CaCO3 (65 mg) and urease activity (0.197 U/mL). All the urease-positive Bacillus spp. were able to grow at 45 °C, pH (8 to 12), and 5% NaCl. Only B. subtilis BD3 can withstand high temperatures up to 55 °C and 15% NaCl concentration. In conclusion, Bacillus spp. isolated from stingless bee products showed the ability as the CaCO3 precipitating bacteria; suggesting its potential application in self-healing concrete.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45411224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As one of the polysaccharides with high viscocity, even in low concentration, glucomannan could block the nozzle and hinder its application as spray-dried encapsulant. The present research aimed to investigate the effect of viscosity of hydrolysed glucomannan as a spray-dryer feed on properties of encapsulated iron particles. Glucomannan was hydrolysed using cellulase to obtain various viscosities (83-222 cP) and used for encapsulating iron. Enzymatic hydrolysis reduced the glucomannan's glass transition temperature and transmittance values of O-H, C-O, and C-H groups. Increasing the viscosity lightened the particle colour, and improved encapsulation efficiency and mean particle diameter, however, reduced moisture content and bulk density. The highest encapsulation efficiency (99.95%) was obtained using the most viscous encapsulant (222 cP). Thicker encapsulants produced larger particles with more wrinkles on the surface but performed better in protecting iron. Solubility and swelling of the particles were higher in neutral solution (pH=6.8) than in an acidic one. The degree of iron degradation was around 70% after 10 months of storage. These results suggested the use of an appropriate viscosity of hydrolysed glucomannan not only allow it to be sprayed but also showed a potency to protect the iron from solubility in acid ambient and degradation during the storage.
{"title":"Properties of Spray-Dried Iron Microcapsule using Hydrolysed Glucomannan as Encapsulant: Effect of Feed Viscosity","authors":"Dyah Hesti Wardhani Dyah Hesti Wardhani, Irsyadia Nindya Wardana Irsyadia Nindya Wardana, Hana Nikma Ulya Hana Nikma Ulya, Andri Cahyo Kumoro Andri Cahyo Kumoro, Nita Aryanti Nita Aryanti","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-07","url":null,"abstract":"As one of the polysaccharides with high viscocity, even in low concentration, glucomannan could block the nozzle and hinder its application as spray-dried encapsulant. The present research aimed to investigate the effect of viscosity of hydrolysed glucomannan as a spray-dryer feed on properties of encapsulated iron particles. Glucomannan was hydrolysed using cellulase to obtain various viscosities (83-222 cP) and used for encapsulating iron. Enzymatic hydrolysis reduced the glucomannan's glass transition temperature and transmittance values of O-H, C-O, and C-H groups. Increasing the viscosity lightened the particle colour, and improved encapsulation efficiency and mean particle diameter, however, reduced moisture content and bulk density. The highest encapsulation efficiency (99.95%) was obtained using the most viscous encapsulant (222 cP). Thicker encapsulants produced larger particles with more wrinkles on the surface but performed better in protecting iron. Solubility and swelling of the particles were higher in neutral solution (pH=6.8) than in an acidic one. The degree of iron degradation was around 70% after 10 months of storage. These results suggested the use of an appropriate viscosity of hydrolysed glucomannan not only allow it to be sprayed but also showed a potency to protect the iron from solubility in acid ambient and degradation during the storage.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45849213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-20
S. K. Sahari, Amir Maina Butit, Z. Ngaini, Y. Arief, K. Kipli, M. Anyi, A. Awang, Muhammad Kashif Muhammad Kashif, M. Mahmood, Zaidi Embong, Lilik Hasanah Lilik Hasanah, A. R. Kram, M. Sawawi
This study investigated the utilization of bamboo leaf waste and two varieties of bacterial sources, chicken manure and effective microorganism, in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) at three substrate concentrations (40 g/liter, 80 g/liter, and 160 g/liter). The primary objective was to investigate the kinetics of bacterial growth at various substrate concentrations in the MFC, as well as the effect of light conditions and pH on MFC power generation. The MFC had dual chambers with graphite electrodes serving as the cathode and anode. Within 72 h, the highest power density of 90.05 mV was attained using the highest substrate concentration of bamboo leaf waste and chicken manure during the logarithmic growth phase, albeit with a shorter duration. The longest sustained phase of bacterial activity was observed during the stationary phase, at the highest substrate concentration of 160 g/liter, followed by 80 g/liter and 40 g/liter. These results indicate that the logarithmic phase is the optimal time for bacterial activity in the MFC. However, attaining long-term stability in power generation in the logarithmic phase requires careful parameter optimization.
{"title":"Bioelectricity Generation from Bamboo Leaves Waste in a Double Chambered Microbial Fuel Cell","authors":"S. K. Sahari, Amir Maina Butit, Z. Ngaini, Y. Arief, K. Kipli, M. Anyi, A. Awang, Muhammad Kashif Muhammad Kashif, M. Mahmood, Zaidi Embong, Lilik Hasanah Lilik Hasanah, A. R. Kram, M. Sawawi","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-20","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the utilization of bamboo leaf waste and two varieties of bacterial sources, chicken manure and effective microorganism, in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) at three substrate concentrations (40 g/liter, 80 g/liter, and 160 g/liter). The primary objective was to investigate the kinetics of bacterial growth at various substrate concentrations in the MFC, as well as the effect of light conditions and pH on MFC power generation. The MFC had dual chambers with graphite electrodes serving as the cathode and anode. Within 72 h, the highest power density of 90.05 mV was attained using the highest substrate concentration of bamboo leaf waste and chicken manure during the logarithmic growth phase, albeit with a shorter duration. The longest sustained phase of bacterial activity was observed during the stationary phase, at the highest substrate concentration of 160 g/liter, followed by 80 g/liter and 40 g/liter. These results indicate that the logarithmic phase is the optimal time for bacterial activity in the MFC. However, attaining long-term stability in power generation in the logarithmic phase requires careful parameter optimization.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48243175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-16
K. Kusmardi, Ahmat Rediansya Putra Ahmat Rediansya Putra, Ria Kodariah Ria Kodariah
Treatment of cancer using medicinal-plant based has been important due to minimal side effects, high efficiency and low cost. Lunasin from soybean is known as potential chemopreventive agent. This study aimed to study and investigate the proteins involved in the mechanisms of action of lunasin underlie its chemopreventive effects in Azoxymethane (AOM) and Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) induced mice. A total 30 BLAB/c mice were separated into six groups. In five of the groups - a negative control group, positive control group, and three intervention groups - carcinogenesis was induced with AOM and DSS; the sixth group received no interventions. Lunasin were given in different doses of Low Dose Lunasin (75 mg/kgBW), Moderate Dose Lunasin (150 mg/kgBW), and High Dose Lunasin (200 mg/kgBW) to intervention groups. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to measure Ki67, C-myc, and Bcl-2 expressions from the distal colons of mice that had been sacrificed. The samples were microscopically assessed and photographed, and cell counts were performed using the Image J application. Further, the H-score method was used to quantify of Ki67, C-myc and Bcl-2 expressions. The results of this show that there is significant differences between the negative control and the intervention groups were found at the 75 mg/kgBW and 150 mg/kgBW (p < 0.05) lunasin dosage levels. This demonstrates that Lunasin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in the colon mice induced by AOM and DSS.
{"title":"The Effect of Lunasin on Inhibition of KI67, BCL-2 and C-MYC Expression in Azoxymethane and Dextran Sodium Sulfate Induced Mice Colon","authors":"K. Kusmardi, Ahmat Rediansya Putra Ahmat Rediansya Putra, Ria Kodariah Ria Kodariah","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-16","url":null,"abstract":"Treatment of cancer using medicinal-plant based has been important due to minimal side effects, high efficiency and low cost. Lunasin from soybean is known as potential chemopreventive agent. This study aimed to study and investigate the proteins involved in the mechanisms of action of lunasin underlie its chemopreventive effects in Azoxymethane (AOM) and Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) induced mice. A total 30 BLAB/c mice were separated into six groups. In five of the groups - a negative control group, positive control group, and three intervention groups - carcinogenesis was induced with AOM and DSS; the sixth group received no interventions. Lunasin were given in different doses of Low Dose Lunasin (75 mg/kgBW), Moderate Dose Lunasin (150 mg/kgBW), and High Dose Lunasin (200 mg/kgBW) to intervention groups. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to measure Ki67, C-myc, and Bcl-2 expressions from the distal colons of mice that had been sacrificed. The samples were microscopically assessed and photographed, and cell counts were performed using the Image J application. Further, the H-score method was used to quantify of Ki67, C-myc and Bcl-2 expressions. The results of this show that there is significant differences between the negative control and the intervention groups were found at the 75 mg/kgBW and 150 mg/kgBW (p < 0.05) lunasin dosage levels. This demonstrates that Lunasin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in the colon mice induced by AOM and DSS.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46559846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-05
H. Hariyanti, Rachmat Mauludin Rachmat Mauludin, Yeyet Cahyati Sumirtapura Yeyet Cahyati Sumirtapura, Neng Fisheri Kurniati Neng Fisheri Kurniati
Androgenetic alopecia (AA) is a hair growth disorder characterized by hair loss and miniaturization of the size of follicles and dermal papillae. Cinchonine is a quinoline alkaloid that can increase VEGF production and potential as a hair growth stimulant. This study aimed to determine the morphology, penetration (in vitro), as well as safety and activity of cinchonine nanostructured lipid carriers (CN-NLC) serum as a hair growth stimulant. Preparation of CN-NLC serum using a combination of micro-emulsification and ultra-sonification methods, characterization of CN-NLC serum included morphology and closed hair follicle diffusion methods. Dermal and eye irritation test using New Zealand rabbit strain with primary irritation index parameters. Hair growth stimulant activity test using Swiss Webster mice strain, induced with the hormone testosterone. Observations were performed at 7, 14, and 21 days with hair length and histology parameters. CN-NLC serum morphology is a spherical shape with size ±500 nm, diffusion of serum CN-NLC (open hair follicles) of 23.92±0.84%; (close hair follicles) of 11.37±2.29%; and CN solution of 6.00±0.72%. CN-NLC serum are non-irritant with a primary irritation index of 0.0. Activity tests showed hair length on days 7; 14 and 21 were increased by 20.24-23.74%; 33.47-36.43%, and 39.30-39.97% (P≤0.05). Histological data showed an increase in the number and size of both dermal papillae and hair follicles compared to the control group. CN-NLC serum can improve the penetration of CN into hair follicles. CN-NLC serum is safe and effective as a hair growth stimulant in the treatment of AA.
{"title":"Activity and Safety of Cinchonine Nanostructured Lipid Carriers as a Hair Growth Stimulant in Mice Model of Androgenetic Alopecia","authors":"H. Hariyanti, Rachmat Mauludin Rachmat Mauludin, Yeyet Cahyati Sumirtapura Yeyet Cahyati Sumirtapura, Neng Fisheri Kurniati Neng Fisheri Kurniati","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-05","url":null,"abstract":"Androgenetic alopecia (AA) is a hair growth disorder characterized by hair loss and miniaturization of the size of follicles and dermal papillae. Cinchonine is a quinoline alkaloid that can increase VEGF production and potential as a hair growth stimulant. This study aimed to determine the morphology, penetration (in vitro), as well as safety and activity of cinchonine nanostructured lipid carriers (CN-NLC) serum as a hair growth stimulant. Preparation of CN-NLC serum using a combination of micro-emulsification and ultra-sonification methods, characterization of CN-NLC serum included morphology and closed hair follicle diffusion methods. Dermal and eye irritation test using New Zealand rabbit strain with primary irritation index parameters. Hair growth stimulant activity test using Swiss Webster mice strain, induced with the hormone testosterone. Observations were performed at 7, 14, and 21 days with hair length and histology parameters. CN-NLC serum morphology is a spherical shape with size ±500 nm, diffusion of serum CN-NLC (open hair follicles) of 23.92±0.84%; (close hair follicles) of 11.37±2.29%; and CN solution of 6.00±0.72%. CN-NLC serum are non-irritant with a primary irritation index of 0.0. Activity tests showed hair length on days 7; 14 and 21 were increased by 20.24-23.74%; 33.47-36.43%, and 39.30-39.97% (P≤0.05). Histological data showed an increase in the number and size of both dermal papillae and hair follicles compared to the control group. CN-NLC serum can improve the penetration of CN into hair follicles. CN-NLC serum is safe and effective as a hair growth stimulant in the treatment of AA.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44792966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-02
Kamilia Sharir, R. Roslee
Banjir merupakan bahaya semula jadi yang boleh mengancam nyawa dan harta benda. Salah satu aspek penting dalam pentaksiran risiko banjir adalah kemudahterancaman. Kemudahterancaman ditakrifkan sebagai keupayaan sesuatu unsur berisiko untuk terancam akibat suatu fenomena berbahaya. Peningkatan kejadian banjir di kawasan ini semakin kerap terutamanya selepas kejadian Gempa Bumi Ranau 2015. Pemindahan penduduk mungkin satu faktor utama dalam menyelesaikan masalah banjir, namun hakikatnya penduduk enggan untuk berpindah dan bersedia untuk berhadapan dengan risiko bencana banjir. Justeru, memahami darjah kemudahterancaman unsur berisiko di kawasan ini amatlah penting untuk meminimumkan risiko banjir di kawasan ini. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk mentaksir kemudahterancaman banjir di kawasan Kota Belud berdasarkan tiga parameter utama iaitu secara fizikal, sosial dan persekitaran. Kajian ini mengambil kira unsur berisiko yang terdedah kepada kemudahterancaman banjir seperti bangunan dan komuniti setempat. Kajian ini dijalankan secara rantau bagi menggambarkan keadaan keseluruhan kawasan kajian sebelum, semasa dan selepas kejadian banjir berlaku. Sebuah pangkalan data dihasilkan dengan mengambil kira integrasi antara parameter kemudahterancaman dan pengenalpastian unsur berisiko. Data ini kemudiannya dicerap di lapangan untuk pemberian nilai skala bagi setiap parameter kemudahterancaman seperti berikut: skala 0 (tiada kerosakan), 0.25 (kerosakan rendah), 0.5 (kerosakan sederhana), 0.75 (kerosakan tinggi) dan 1 (kerosakan total). Penetapan nilai skala ini dibuat untuk memastikan keseragaman dalam menilai sub-parameter kemudahterancaman banjir di kawasan kajian. Selepas pengiraan skala kemudahterancaman dibuat, peta hasil pengiraan parameter kemudahterancaman dijana menggunakan teknik interpolasi bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai kebarangkalian bagi lokasi yang mungkin tidak dapat dikenal pasti atau tidak mempunyai data. Ketiga-tiga parameter kemudahterancaman kemudiannya digabungkan menjadi peta kemudahterancaman banjir di kawasan ini. Hasil pengiraan skor kemudahterancaman keseluruhan ini, sebanyak 533 (3.51%) buah bangunan yang terdapat di kawasan kajian mempunyai nilai 0.00 - 0.20 iaitu dalam kategori sangat rendah, 3,092 (20.37%) buah bangunan mempunyai nilai 0.21 - 0.40 iaitu dalam kategori rendah, 9,561 (62.98%) buah bangunan mempunyai nilai 0.41 - 0.60 iaitu dalam kategori sederhana, 1,995 (13.14%) buah bangunan mempunyai nilai 0.61 - 0.80 iaitu dalam kategori tinggi dan tiada jumlah bangunan mempunyai nilai 0.81 - 1.00 iaitu dalam kategori sangat tinggi. Hal ini mungkin dikaitkan dengan sub-parameter kemudahterancaman sosial kerana tiada kecederaan atau kematian direkodkan sepanjang kejadian banjir yang berlaku di kawasan kajian terutamanya selepas kejadian Gempa Bumi Ranau 2015. Tahap kesedaran awam atau kesiapsiagaan penduduk dalam menghadapi banjir juga dilihat tinggi. Ini menunjukkan bahawa penduduk setempat sudah boleh mengadaptasikan
{"title":"Analisis Indeks Kemudahterancaman Banjir Secara Fizikal, Sosial dan Persekitaran di Kawasan Kota Belud, Sabah, Malaysia","authors":"Kamilia Sharir, R. Roslee","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-02","url":null,"abstract":"Banjir merupakan bahaya semula jadi yang boleh mengancam nyawa dan harta benda. Salah satu aspek penting dalam pentaksiran risiko banjir adalah kemudahterancaman. Kemudahterancaman ditakrifkan sebagai keupayaan sesuatu unsur berisiko untuk terancam akibat suatu fenomena berbahaya. Peningkatan kejadian banjir di kawasan ini semakin kerap terutamanya selepas kejadian Gempa Bumi Ranau 2015. Pemindahan penduduk mungkin satu faktor utama dalam menyelesaikan masalah banjir, namun hakikatnya penduduk enggan untuk berpindah dan bersedia untuk berhadapan dengan risiko bencana banjir. Justeru, memahami darjah kemudahterancaman unsur berisiko di kawasan ini amatlah penting untuk meminimumkan risiko banjir di kawasan ini. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk mentaksir kemudahterancaman banjir di kawasan Kota Belud berdasarkan tiga parameter utama iaitu secara fizikal, sosial dan persekitaran. Kajian ini mengambil kira unsur berisiko yang terdedah kepada kemudahterancaman banjir seperti bangunan dan komuniti setempat. Kajian ini dijalankan secara rantau bagi menggambarkan keadaan keseluruhan kawasan kajian sebelum, semasa dan selepas kejadian banjir berlaku. Sebuah pangkalan data dihasilkan dengan mengambil kira integrasi antara parameter kemudahterancaman dan pengenalpastian unsur berisiko. Data ini kemudiannya dicerap di lapangan untuk pemberian nilai skala bagi setiap parameter kemudahterancaman seperti berikut: skala 0 (tiada kerosakan), 0.25 (kerosakan rendah), 0.5 (kerosakan sederhana), 0.75 (kerosakan tinggi) dan 1 (kerosakan total). Penetapan nilai skala ini dibuat untuk memastikan keseragaman dalam menilai sub-parameter kemudahterancaman banjir di kawasan kajian. Selepas pengiraan skala kemudahterancaman dibuat, peta hasil pengiraan parameter kemudahterancaman dijana menggunakan teknik interpolasi bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai kebarangkalian bagi lokasi yang mungkin tidak dapat dikenal pasti atau tidak mempunyai data. Ketiga-tiga parameter kemudahterancaman kemudiannya digabungkan menjadi peta kemudahterancaman banjir di kawasan ini. Hasil pengiraan skor kemudahterancaman keseluruhan ini, sebanyak 533 (3.51%) buah bangunan yang terdapat di kawasan kajian mempunyai nilai 0.00 - 0.20 iaitu dalam kategori sangat rendah, 3,092 (20.37%) buah bangunan mempunyai nilai 0.21 - 0.40 iaitu dalam kategori rendah, 9,561 (62.98%) buah bangunan mempunyai nilai 0.41 - 0.60 iaitu dalam kategori sederhana, 1,995 (13.14%) buah bangunan mempunyai nilai 0.61 - 0.80 iaitu dalam kategori tinggi dan tiada jumlah bangunan mempunyai nilai 0.81 - 1.00 iaitu dalam kategori sangat tinggi. Hal ini mungkin dikaitkan dengan sub-parameter kemudahterancaman sosial kerana tiada kecederaan atau kematian direkodkan sepanjang kejadian banjir yang berlaku di kawasan kajian terutamanya selepas kejadian Gempa Bumi Ranau 2015. Tahap kesedaran awam atau kesiapsiagaan penduduk dalam menghadapi banjir juga dilihat tinggi. Ini menunjukkan bahawa penduduk setempat sudah boleh mengadaptasikan","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47735352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-01
Haja Maideen Haja Maideen, Nurul Nadhirah Nurul Nadhirah, Nur Aliah Nur Aliah, Nik Norhazrina Nik Norhazrina
The present study investigates the anatomical and morphological characteristics of four Taenitis species sampled from several localities in Peninsular Malaysia, namely Taenitis blechnoides, T. interrupta, T. dimorpha and Taenitis sp. The morphological and anatomical characters were observered with compound and dissecting microscopes, and sliding microtome. The species exhibited varying frond sizes (length and width) and positions of sori. Conversely, all the species showed common short creeping rhizomes with black hairy scales, scales at the base of stipes, U-shaped steles, simple trichome, sclerenchyma cells under the epidermis on stipes and rhizomes, polocytic stomata, and sinuous anticlinal walls. Morphologically, the frond form of Taenitis sp. is distinct from the other Taenitis. Thus, the species could be a new record for ferns in Peninsular Malaysia. However, molecular studies are required to confirm this.
{"title":"The Anatomy and Morphology of Taenitis Willd. ex Sprengel (Monilophytes) in Peninsular Malaysia","authors":"Haja Maideen Haja Maideen, Nurul Nadhirah Nurul Nadhirah, Nur Aliah Nur Aliah, Nik Norhazrina Nik Norhazrina","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-01","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates the anatomical and morphological characteristics of four Taenitis species sampled from several localities in Peninsular Malaysia, namely Taenitis blechnoides, T. interrupta, T. dimorpha and Taenitis sp. The morphological and anatomical characters were observered with compound and dissecting microscopes, and sliding microtome. The species exhibited varying frond sizes (length and width) and positions of sori. Conversely, all the species showed common short creeping rhizomes with black hairy scales, scales at the base of stipes, U-shaped steles, simple trichome, sclerenchyma cells under the epidermis on stipes and rhizomes, polocytic stomata, and sinuous anticlinal walls. Morphologically, the frond form of Taenitis sp. is distinct from the other Taenitis. Thus, the species could be a new record for ferns in Peninsular Malaysia. However, molecular studies are required to confirm this.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48347714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-02
Saravanakkumar Nachimuthu, Muzzneena Ahmad Mustapha
Pantai penting dalam menyediakan pelbagai perkhidmatan ekosistem. Garis pantai berubah secara dinamik dan analisis perubahan garis pantai berupaya dilakukan oleh teknologi penderiaan jauh dan GIS. Tujuan kajian ini adalah mengukur keupayaan indeks spektrum seperti Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dan Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) dalam membezakan litupan tanah serta penentuan perubahan garis pantai di pantai barat, Johor antara tahun 2000 dan 2020. Penyelidikan ini dijalankan dengan analisis data imej satelit Landsat 7 ETM+ (2000) dan Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS (2020) menggunakan perisian ERDAS dan ArcGIS. Imej indeks spektrum dijana bagi penentuan garis pantai melalui pengelasan OTSU. Tindan lapis imej dibuat bagi menentukan perubahan garis pantai. Penggunaan indeks spektrum dalam kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa ketiga-tiga indeks spektrum tersebut mampu membezakan air dan darat dengan berkesan di sepanjang pantai barat Johor. MNDWI didapati mempunyai ketepatan keseluruhan 99.00% (2000) dan 97.50% (2020) dan nilai Kappa yang paling tinggi bagi kedua-dua imej satelit Landsat, 0.98 (2000) dan 0.95 (2020). Indeks NDVI dan SAVI mempunyai ketepatan yang sama iaitu 95.00% (2000) dan 96.50% (2020) dan nilai Kappa sama sebanyak 0.90 (2000) dan 0.93 (2020). Pantai barat, Johor telah mengalami pengurangan pantai sebanyak 583.48 hektar dan penambahan 846.85 hektar. Pengurangan yang lebih tinggi diperhatikan di sepanjang pantai Batu Pahat dan Pontian manakala garis pantai di pantai utara Pontian menunjukkan jumlah penambahan yang sangat tinggi. Kajian ini dapat memanfaatkan pihak berkepentingan dengan memberi status perubahan garis pantai terkini untuk mengambil langkah yang berkesan bagi pembangunan dan pengurusan pantai.
{"title":"Keupayaan Aplikasi Indeks Spektrum dalam Penentuan Perubahan Pantai","authors":"Saravanakkumar Nachimuthu, Muzzneena Ahmad Mustapha","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-02","url":null,"abstract":"Pantai penting dalam menyediakan pelbagai perkhidmatan ekosistem. Garis pantai berubah secara dinamik dan analisis perubahan garis pantai berupaya dilakukan oleh teknologi penderiaan jauh dan GIS. Tujuan kajian ini adalah mengukur keupayaan indeks spektrum seperti Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dan Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) dalam membezakan litupan tanah serta penentuan perubahan garis pantai di pantai barat, Johor antara tahun 2000 dan 2020. Penyelidikan ini dijalankan dengan analisis data imej satelit Landsat 7 ETM+ (2000) dan Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS (2020) menggunakan perisian ERDAS dan ArcGIS. Imej indeks spektrum dijana bagi penentuan garis pantai melalui pengelasan OTSU. Tindan lapis imej dibuat bagi menentukan perubahan garis pantai. Penggunaan indeks spektrum dalam kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa ketiga-tiga indeks spektrum tersebut mampu membezakan air dan darat dengan berkesan di sepanjang pantai barat Johor. MNDWI didapati mempunyai ketepatan keseluruhan 99.00% (2000) dan 97.50% (2020) dan nilai Kappa yang paling tinggi bagi kedua-dua imej satelit Landsat, 0.98 (2000) dan 0.95 (2020). Indeks NDVI dan SAVI mempunyai ketepatan yang sama iaitu 95.00% (2000) dan 96.50% (2020) dan nilai Kappa sama sebanyak 0.90 (2000) dan 0.93 (2020). Pantai barat, Johor telah mengalami pengurangan pantai sebanyak 583.48 hektar dan penambahan 846.85 hektar. Pengurangan yang lebih tinggi diperhatikan di sepanjang pantai Batu Pahat dan Pontian manakala garis pantai di pantai utara Pontian menunjukkan jumlah penambahan yang sangat tinggi. Kajian ini dapat memanfaatkan pihak berkepentingan dengan memberi status perubahan garis pantai terkini untuk mengambil langkah yang berkesan bagi pembangunan dan pengurusan pantai.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41702301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-03
Mohd Rashdan Topa, Mohd Talib Latif, Murnira Othman, Chel Gee Maggie Ooi, Norfazrin Mohd Hanif, Mohd Shahrul Mohd Nadzir, Haris Hafizal Abd Hamid, Anis Asma Ahmad Mohtar, Juneng Liew
Gas metana (CH4) adalah gas rumah hijau yang menyebabkan perubahan iklim dan pemanasan dunia. Kajian CH4 dijalankan untuk melihat tren pelepasan CH4 di Malaysia dalam satu jangka masa yang panjang (10 tahun) dari tahun 2000 hingga 2009 dan menilai hubungan CH4 dengan ozon permukaan (O3). Data CH4 daripada 19 stesen pemantauan kualiti udara automatik berterusan Jabatan Alam Sekitar (JAS) di Malaysia telah dianalisis menggunakan analisis statistik dan korelasi Pearson. Hasil kajian mendapati nilai bacaan kepekatan purata bulanan CH4 tertinggi dicatatkan di stesen Larkin, Johor Bahru iaitu 2.61±0.54 ppm. Nilai purata kepekatan CH4 berdasarkan data yang direkodkan di semua stesen di Malaysia adalah 2.00 ppm. Taburan kepekatan CH4 yang lebih tinggi didapati tertumpu di kawasan bandar dan kawasan perindustrian di Selangor, Melaka dan Johor. Analisis korelasi bagi menentukan hubungan CH4 dengan bahan pencemar O3 mendapati 15 stesen menunjukkan korelasi positif yang sangat kecil dan lemah (r < 0.20 dan 0.20 < r < 0.40) manakala empat stesen lagi menunjukkan korelasi negatif. Hubungan antara CH4 dengan bahan pencemar O3 bagi kesemua stesen adalah tidak signifikan (r < 0.5, p > 0.05). Stesen Shah Alam didapati menunjukkan korelasi CH4 paling tinggi dengan O3 berbanding stesen lain. Pengetahuan asas berkenaan CH4 dalam udara ambien Malaysia yang ditunjukkan dalam kajian ini boleh digunakan untuk menilai potensi impak CH4 terhadap alam sekitar, perubahan iklim dan kesihatan manusia.
{"title":"Rekod Jangka Panjang Kepekatan Metana di Malaysia","authors":"Mohd Rashdan Topa, Mohd Talib Latif, Murnira Othman, Chel Gee Maggie Ooi, Norfazrin Mohd Hanif, Mohd Shahrul Mohd Nadzir, Haris Hafizal Abd Hamid, Anis Asma Ahmad Mohtar, Juneng Liew","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-03","url":null,"abstract":"Gas metana (CH4) adalah gas rumah hijau yang menyebabkan perubahan iklim dan pemanasan dunia. Kajian CH4 dijalankan untuk melihat tren pelepasan CH4 di Malaysia dalam satu jangka masa yang panjang (10 tahun) dari tahun 2000 hingga 2009 dan menilai hubungan CH4 dengan ozon permukaan (O3). Data CH4 daripada 19 stesen pemantauan kualiti udara automatik berterusan Jabatan Alam Sekitar (JAS) di Malaysia telah dianalisis menggunakan analisis statistik dan korelasi Pearson. Hasil kajian mendapati nilai bacaan kepekatan purata bulanan CH4 tertinggi dicatatkan di stesen Larkin, Johor Bahru iaitu 2.61±0.54 ppm. Nilai purata kepekatan CH4 berdasarkan data yang direkodkan di semua stesen di Malaysia adalah 2.00 ppm. Taburan kepekatan CH4 yang lebih tinggi didapati tertumpu di kawasan bandar dan kawasan perindustrian di Selangor, Melaka dan Johor. Analisis korelasi bagi menentukan hubungan CH4 dengan bahan pencemar O3 mendapati 15 stesen menunjukkan korelasi positif yang sangat kecil dan lemah (r < 0.20 dan 0.20 < r < 0.40) manakala empat stesen lagi menunjukkan korelasi negatif. Hubungan antara CH4 dengan bahan pencemar O3 bagi kesemua stesen adalah tidak signifikan (r < 0.5, p > 0.05). Stesen Shah Alam didapati menunjukkan korelasi CH4 paling tinggi dengan O3 berbanding stesen lain. Pengetahuan asas berkenaan CH4 dalam udara ambien Malaysia yang ditunjukkan dalam kajian ini boleh digunakan untuk menilai potensi impak CH4 terhadap alam sekitar, perubahan iklim dan kesihatan manusia.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48342294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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