Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-06
Meiwei Koay, Hui Yin Fan, Clemente Michael Vui Ling Wong
Rice wine is an alcoholic beverage produced through the fermentation of cereal grains, mainly rice, with microbial starters consisting of fungi and bacteria. However, the microbes in the rice wine starter cultures have never been documented comprehensively except for a few studies that looked into culturable microbes. Hence, their exact core microbiota contents especially those unculturable microbes remained unknown. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the fungal and bacterial communities in sasad through ribosomal amplicon-based next-generation sequencing and analysis that captured both the culturable and unculturable microbiota. The results showed that two fungal phyla (Mucoromycota and Ascomycota) with five genera (Mucor, Rhizopus, Saccharomycopsis, Wickerhamomyces, and Kodamaea) and two bacterial phyla (Proteobacteria and Firmicutes) with 10 genera (Kosakonia, Weissella, Enterobacter, Lactococcus, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Chromobacterium, Paludibacterium, Enterococcus, and Gluconobacter) were identified as the core microbiota (relative abundance > 1.00%) in the sasad samples. Some of these microbes have been reported in other starter cultures, but some are unique to the sasad (Chromobacterium and Paludibacterium). Hence, this research provides the first comprehensive report on the microbes in sasad and provides important insights into the potential roles of core microbiota. These data may be used to facilitate the development of starter cultures with defined microbial compositions for the consistent production of safe and high-quality rice wines in the future.
{"title":"The Common and Unique Microbiota in Sabah’s Traditional Rice Wine Starter Cultures (SASAD)","authors":"Meiwei Koay, Hui Yin Fan, Clemente Michael Vui Ling Wong","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-06","url":null,"abstract":"Rice wine is an alcoholic beverage produced through the fermentation of cereal grains, mainly rice, with microbial starters consisting of fungi and bacteria. However, the microbes in the rice wine starter cultures have never been documented comprehensively except for a few studies that looked into culturable microbes. Hence, their exact core microbiota contents especially those unculturable microbes remained unknown. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the fungal and bacterial communities in sasad through ribosomal amplicon-based next-generation sequencing and analysis that captured both the culturable and unculturable microbiota. The results showed that two fungal phyla (Mucoromycota and Ascomycota) with five genera (Mucor, Rhizopus, Saccharomycopsis, Wickerhamomyces, and Kodamaea) and two bacterial phyla (Proteobacteria and Firmicutes) with 10 genera (Kosakonia, Weissella, Enterobacter, Lactococcus, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Chromobacterium, Paludibacterium, Enterococcus, and Gluconobacter) were identified as the core microbiota (relative abundance > 1.00%) in the sasad samples. Some of these microbes have been reported in other starter cultures, but some are unique to the sasad (Chromobacterium and Paludibacterium). Hence, this research provides the first comprehensive report on the microbes in sasad and provides important insights into the potential roles of core microbiota. These data may be used to facilitate the development of starter cultures with defined microbial compositions for the consistent production of safe and high-quality rice wines in the future.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-10
P. Primus, Carol Hsin-Yi Wu, Chai-Lin Kao, Y. Choo
Polyalthia bullata King’s root yielded a new compound named 5-methylliridine (1) in addition to six previously identified compounds. These known compounds include liriodenine (2), 11-methoxyliriodenine (3), lysicamine (4), onychine (5), 5-hydroxy-6-methoxyonychine (6), and 8-methoxyeupolauridine (7). The structures of compounds 1-7 were determined through spectroscopic analysis. Liriodenine (2) exhibited a remarkable ability to decrease the cell viability of cancerous N2A cells to 22% within a 24 h timeframe, indicating its potential as an anti-neuroblastoma agent. Molecular docking results additionally suggested that oxoaporphines (1-4) have the potential to act as inhibitors of protein kinases. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of P. bullata constituents in cancer treatment, particularly neuroblastoma, and contribute to understanding its medicinal properties.
{"title":"A New Oxoaporphine and Liriodenine's Anti-Neuroblastoma Potential from the Roots of Polyalthia bullata King","authors":"P. Primus, Carol Hsin-Yi Wu, Chai-Lin Kao, Y. Choo","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-10","url":null,"abstract":"Polyalthia bullata King’s root yielded a new compound named 5-methylliridine (1) in addition to six previously identified compounds. These known compounds include liriodenine (2), 11-methoxyliriodenine (3), lysicamine (4), onychine (5), 5-hydroxy-6-methoxyonychine (6), and 8-methoxyeupolauridine (7). The structures of compounds 1-7 were determined through spectroscopic analysis. Liriodenine (2) exhibited a remarkable ability to decrease the cell viability of cancerous N2A cells to 22% within a 24 h timeframe, indicating its potential as an anti-neuroblastoma agent. Molecular docking results additionally suggested that oxoaporphines (1-4) have the potential to act as inhibitors of protein kinases. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of P. bullata constituents in cancer treatment, particularly neuroblastoma, and contribute to understanding its medicinal properties.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-08
S. Peerakietkhajorn, Wirawan Worakit, C. Moukamnerd, C. Tipbunjong
Caulerpa lentilliferais a marine alga widely cultured and consumed in Asia and Oceania. Emerging green techniques are currently popular for phytochemical extraction. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the proximate compositions, phytochemicals, and antioxidant properties of the C. lentilliferaextracts using autoclave-assisted and microwave-assisted extraction methods (A-CLE and M-CLE, respectively). The toxicity of extracts was tested against human normal colon cells and freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna. We found that crude lipid, ash and moisture contents in A-CLE were lower than those in M-CLE, while crude protein and crude carbohydrate were higher in A-CLE. Total flavonoid content in A-CLE (1.474 ± 0.046 mg QE g-1 extract) was higher than that in M-CLE (1.179 ± 0.054 mg QE g-1 extract). There was no difference in total phenolic contents, triterpenoid contents and antioxidant activities between the extracts. The IC50 of A-CLE (12,260 ± 197 µg mL-1) was higher than that of M-CLE (10,950 ± 169 µg mL-1). In the acute toxicity test, the LC50 of A-CLE against D. magna (7.50 ± 0.28 g L-1) was lower than LC50 of M-CLE (8.76 ± 0.26 g L-1). This study suggest that autoclave-assisted and microwave-assisted extractions are effective green methods of extracting C. lentillifera. This study will be useful for further studies of C. lentillifera extracts to improve human and animal health.
蓝藻是一种海洋藻类，在亚洲和大洋洲被广泛养殖和食用。目前，新兴的绿色技术在植物化学提取方面很受欢迎。因此，本研究旨在采用高压锅辅助萃取法和微波辅助萃取法（分别为 A-CLE 和 M-CLE），研究蓝藻提取物的近似成分、植物化学成分和抗氧化特性。测试了提取物对人体正常结肠细胞和淡水甲壳类水蚤的毒性。我们发现，A-CLE 中的粗脂肪、灰分和水分含量低于 M-CLE，而粗蛋白和粗碳水化合物含量高于 A-CLE。A-CLE的总黄酮含量（1.474 ± 0.046 mg QE g-1提取物）高于M-CLE（1.179 ± 0.054 mg QE g-1提取物）。两种提取物的总酚含量、三萜含量和抗氧化活性没有差异。A-CLE 的 IC50（12,260 ± 197 µg mL-1）高于 M-CLE 的 IC50（10,950 ± 169 µg mL-1）。在急性毒性试验中，A-CLE 对 D. magna 的半数致死浓度（7.50 ± 0.28 g L-1）低于 M-CLE 的半数致死浓度（8.76 ± 0.26 g L-1）。这项研究表明，高压锅辅助萃取和微波辅助萃取是萃取 C. lentillifera 的有效绿色方法。这项研究将有助于对扁柏提取物进行进一步研究，以改善人类和动物的健康状况。
{"title":"Proximate Composition, Phytochemical Analysis and Toxicity Assessment of Extracts of Caulerpa lentillifera using Autoclave- and Microwave-Assisted Extractions","authors":"S. Peerakietkhajorn, Wirawan Worakit, C. Moukamnerd, C. Tipbunjong","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-08","url":null,"abstract":"Caulerpa lentilliferais a marine alga widely cultured and consumed in Asia and Oceania. Emerging green techniques are currently popular for phytochemical extraction. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the proximate compositions, phytochemicals, and antioxidant properties of the C. lentilliferaextracts using autoclave-assisted and microwave-assisted extraction methods (A-CLE and M-CLE, respectively). The toxicity of extracts was tested against human normal colon cells and freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna. We found that crude lipid, ash and moisture contents in A-CLE were lower than those in M-CLE, while crude protein and crude carbohydrate were higher in A-CLE. Total flavonoid content in A-CLE (1.474 ± 0.046 mg QE g-1 extract) was higher than that in M-CLE (1.179 ± 0.054 mg QE g-1 extract). There was no difference in total phenolic contents, triterpenoid contents and antioxidant activities between the extracts. The IC50 of A-CLE (12,260 ± 197 µg mL-1) was higher than that of M-CLE (10,950 ± 169 µg mL-1). In the acute toxicity test, the LC50 of A-CLE against D. magna (7.50 ± 0.28 g L-1) was lower than LC50 of M-CLE (8.76 ± 0.26 g L-1). This study suggest that autoclave-assisted and microwave-assisted extractions are effective green methods of extracting C. lentillifera. This study will be useful for further studies of C. lentillifera extracts to improve human and animal health.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140415497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-03
Buraq Musa Sadeq, Ali Tan Kee Zuan, Susilawati Kasim, Jawadyn Talib Alkooranee, Mui Yun Wong, Nur Maizatul Idayu Othman, Amaily Akter, Sayma Serine Chompa, A. Nabayi, Md. Ekhlasur Rahman
This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with humic acid (HA) as amendments on the morphological and physiological growth characteristics and yield of Sepang Oren sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas[L.] Lam). The experiment was conducted under glasshouse conditions at the Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, for 110 days. Two factors were used in this experiment: The first factor was PGPR-HA inoculations (UPMB10, UPMRB9, and mixed strains) and non-inoculation-HA, and the second factor was the Nitrogen fertilizer levels (50, 75, and 100%). The treatments were replicated three times and arranged factorially in a randomized complete block design. The results showed that inoculations with PGPRs-HA (UPMRB9 and UPMB10 strains) positively affect the plant growth significantly (SPAD measurements, number of leaves, vine length, root length, leaf area index, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, and root: shoot ratio) of sweet potato upon addition of 50% and 75% of N-fertilizer, respectively. The nutrient content of soil and plant leaf significantly increased by 12-15% and 14-18%, respectively, compared to the uninoculated, when applied with the same inoculation. After 30 days, the population of soil bacteria increased, reaching a value of 8.65 log10 CFU/g soil. The use of PGPR-HA inoculations with N-fertilization resulted in a considerable rise in the majority of plant and soil parameters compared to the treatments without PGPR inoculation. Therefore, PGPR supplemented with humic acid (HA) may be considered a viable and sustainable strategy for enhancing sweet potatoes' morphological and physiological attributes. This technique can result in increased crop productivity and serve as a substitute for nitrogen-based fertilizers.
{"title":"Tripartite Introductions of PGPR, Humic Acid, and N-Fertilizer Improve the Growth and Yield of Sweet Potato Under Glasshouse Conditions","authors":"Buraq Musa Sadeq, Ali Tan Kee Zuan, Susilawati Kasim, Jawadyn Talib Alkooranee, Mui Yun Wong, Nur Maizatul Idayu Othman, Amaily Akter, Sayma Serine Chompa, A. Nabayi, Md. Ekhlasur Rahman","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-03","url":null,"abstract":"This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with humic acid (HA) as amendments on the morphological and physiological growth characteristics and yield of Sepang Oren sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas[L.] Lam). The experiment was conducted under glasshouse conditions at the Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, for 110 days. Two factors were used in this experiment: The first factor was PGPR-HA inoculations (UPMB10, UPMRB9, and mixed strains) and non-inoculation-HA, and the second factor was the Nitrogen fertilizer levels (50, 75, and 100%). The treatments were replicated three times and arranged factorially in a randomized complete block design. The results showed that inoculations with PGPRs-HA (UPMRB9 and UPMB10 strains) positively affect the plant growth significantly (SPAD measurements, number of leaves, vine length, root length, leaf area index, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, and root: shoot ratio) of sweet potato upon addition of 50% and 75% of N-fertilizer, respectively. The nutrient content of soil and plant leaf significantly increased by 12-15% and 14-18%, respectively, compared to the uninoculated, when applied with the same inoculation. After 30 days, the population of soil bacteria increased, reaching a value of 8.65 log10 CFU/g soil. The use of PGPR-HA inoculations with N-fertilization resulted in a considerable rise in the majority of plant and soil parameters compared to the treatments without PGPR inoculation. Therefore, PGPR supplemented with humic acid (HA) may be considered a viable and sustainable strategy for enhancing sweet potatoes' morphological and physiological attributes. This technique can result in increased crop productivity and serve as a substitute for nitrogen-based fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140472144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-05
Musa Mustapha, C. N. Mat Taib, S. Fakurazi, M. A. Mohd Moklas
This study aimed to assess motor responses and associated pathological changes caused by MPTP neurotoxicity in Balb/c mice. Male mice (13 weeks old, 25-30 g) were divided into four groups and received intraperitoneal injections of normal saline or different doses of MPTP-HCl for five consecutive days. Body weight was monitored, and behavioral tests were conducted. Histological examination with H&E staining was performed on the striatum and substantia nigra. Contrary to expectations, MPTP-treated mice showed increased locomotor activity in the open field test, covering a greater distance and exhibiting more rearing compared to control mice (p<0.05). The catalepsy test also showed lower catalepsy scores in the MPTP-treated group (p<0.05). However, the pole test did not indicate the presence of MPTP-induced bradykinesia (p>0.05). Similarly, the traction and hang tests showed no significant effects of MPTP on motor balance or muscle strength (p>0.05). Among the MPTP-treated groups, the 30 mg/kg MPTP-HCl group displayed the most severe pathological changes, including reactive gliosis, as observed in histological examination. In conclusion, the subacute MPTP mouse model used in this study did not exhibit noticeable motor deficits or significant weight loss in Balb/c mice, possibly due to subthreshold dopamine depletion compensatory mechanisms. This model could provide valuable insights into the compensatory mechanisms involved in Parkinson's disease.
{"title":"MPTP- Induced BALB/C Mice Recapitulate Compensatory Parkinson’s-Like Motor Features","authors":"Musa Mustapha, C. N. Mat Taib, S. Fakurazi, M. A. Mohd Moklas","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-05","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to assess motor responses and associated pathological changes caused by MPTP neurotoxicity in Balb/c mice. Male mice (13 weeks old, 25-30 g) were divided into four groups and received intraperitoneal injections of normal saline or different doses of MPTP-HCl for five consecutive days. Body weight was monitored, and behavioral tests were conducted. Histological examination with H&E staining was performed on the striatum and substantia nigra. Contrary to expectations, MPTP-treated mice showed increased locomotor activity in the open field test, covering a greater distance and exhibiting more rearing compared to control mice (p<0.05). The catalepsy test also showed lower catalepsy scores in the MPTP-treated group (p<0.05). However, the pole test did not indicate the presence of MPTP-induced bradykinesia (p>0.05). Similarly, the traction and hang tests showed no significant effects of MPTP on motor balance or muscle strength (p>0.05). Among the MPTP-treated groups, the 30 mg/kg MPTP-HCl group displayed the most severe pathological changes, including reactive gliosis, as observed in histological examination. In conclusion, the subacute MPTP mouse model used in this study did not exhibit noticeable motor deficits or significant weight loss in Balb/c mice, possibly due to subthreshold dopamine depletion compensatory mechanisms. This model could provide valuable insights into the compensatory mechanisms involved in Parkinson's disease.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140477671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-14
Yun Shi Koh, Zhi Yin Ter, Rafidah Mohd Ariff, Nur Farhana Abd Rahman, Lee Sin Chang, Abdul Salam Babji, Seng Joe Lim
Kajian terdahulu menunjukkan bahawa glikoprotein sarang burung walit boleh dihidrolisis dan dipulihkan sebagai hidrolisat sarang burung walit (SBWh) yang boleh dimakan dalam bentuk serbuk. Kajian ini adalah kerja sambungan daripada kajian terdahulu, yang mana pelbagai kepekatan enzim transglutaminase (TG) telah digunakan dalam pembentukan semula bentuk serbuk SBWh menggunakan acuan dan kesannya terhadap sifat fizikokimia dan bioaktiviti SBWh. Proses hidrolisis enzim menunjukkan bahawa sampel SBWh mempunyai hasil pulih lebih daripada 60% dan menunjukkan warna yang lebih terang daripada SBW mentah. Kelarutan SBWh dengan TG lebih rendah tetapi ia boleh dibentuk semula ke bentuk yang diingini. Corak spektrum FTIR untuk sampel SBWh juga menunjukkan bahawa ketulenan glikopeptida SBW yang tinggi telah diperoleh. Untuk aktiviti antioksidan, produk sampingan SBWh (SBWhcp) menunjukkan aktiviti penyingkiran radikal bebas DPPH yang lebih tinggi. Secara ringkasnya, penambahan TG kepada SBWh telah meningkatkan sifat fizikokimia dan bioaktiviti. Penemuan ini menghasilkan wawasan tentang aplikasi dan pembangunan produk EBN menggunakan EBNh dengan TG yang mempunyai bioaktiviti yang tinggi.
{"title":"Kesan Transglutaminase kepada Ciri-Ciri Fizikokimia dan Aktiviti Biologi Hidrolisat Sarang Burung Walit","authors":"Yun Shi Koh, Zhi Yin Ter, Rafidah Mohd Ariff, Nur Farhana Abd Rahman, Lee Sin Chang, Abdul Salam Babji, Seng Joe Lim","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-14","url":null,"abstract":"Kajian terdahulu menunjukkan bahawa glikoprotein sarang burung walit boleh dihidrolisis dan dipulihkan sebagai hidrolisat sarang burung walit (SBWh) yang boleh dimakan dalam bentuk serbuk. Kajian ini adalah kerja sambungan daripada kajian terdahulu, yang mana pelbagai kepekatan enzim transglutaminase (TG) telah digunakan dalam pembentukan semula bentuk serbuk SBWh menggunakan acuan dan kesannya terhadap sifat fizikokimia dan bioaktiviti SBWh. Proses hidrolisis enzim menunjukkan bahawa sampel SBWh mempunyai hasil pulih lebih daripada 60% dan menunjukkan warna yang lebih terang daripada SBW mentah. Kelarutan SBWh dengan TG lebih rendah tetapi ia boleh dibentuk semula ke bentuk yang diingini. Corak spektrum FTIR untuk sampel SBWh juga menunjukkan bahawa ketulenan glikopeptida SBW yang tinggi telah diperoleh. Untuk aktiviti antioksidan, produk sampingan SBWh (SBWhcp) menunjukkan aktiviti penyingkiran radikal bebas DPPH yang lebih tinggi. Secara ringkasnya, penambahan TG kepada SBWh telah meningkatkan sifat fizikokimia dan bioaktiviti. Penemuan ini menghasilkan wawasan tentang aplikasi dan pembangunan produk EBN menggunakan EBNh dengan TG yang mempunyai bioaktiviti yang tinggi.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140470590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-13
Manjusha Elizabeth Mathew, Ishak Ahmad, Sabu Thomas, Mohammad Kassim, R. Daik
Lithium-ion batteries are the essential parts of many portable electronic devices. They draw substantial recognition by virtue of their advantages over other batteries. Separators are critical to the working of lithium-ion batteries. The separator is a key component of lithium-ion battery that isolates the cathode and anode. Though the separator does not participate in the electrochemical process, it plays a major role in the safety of the battery. Nanomaterials are used in many applications in our life. Nanocellulose are sustainable materials used to fabricate parts of energy storage devices. This review discusses the potential of nanocellulose incorporated materials to use as separators in lithium-ion batteries.
{"title":"Nanocellulose-Based Separators in Lithium-Ion Battery","authors":"Manjusha Elizabeth Mathew, Ishak Ahmad, Sabu Thomas, Mohammad Kassim, R. Daik","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-13","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium-ion batteries are the essential parts of many portable electronic devices. They draw substantial recognition by virtue of their advantages over other batteries. Separators are critical to the working of lithium-ion batteries. The separator is a key component of lithium-ion battery that isolates the cathode and anode. Though the separator does not participate in the electrochemical process, it plays a major role in the safety of the battery. Nanomaterials are used in many applications in our life. Nanocellulose are sustainable materials used to fabricate parts of energy storage devices. This review discusses the potential of nanocellulose incorporated materials to use as separators in lithium-ion batteries.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140471766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-02
K. Munian, Farah Farhana Ramli, N. Othman, H. Haris, N. H. Sariyati, N. A. A. Mahyudin, M. Najmuddin, M. S. Azman, Muhammad Abdul-Latiff Abu Bakar
Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is a promising tool for regular biological monitoring, especially for freshwater fish, which are facing tremendous threats worldwide. The application of eDNA detection is a dramatic improvement on common methods of biomonitoring as it produces tangible results in a short time with low effort and little expense. However, the accuracy of the technique is largely dependent on the availability of genetic references for the target organisms. In this study, we investigated the availability of genetic resources for freshwater fish in Malaysia in three public depositories, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD), and Mitochondrial Genome Database of Fish (MitoFish), focusing on seven targeted genes of mitochondrial DNA. We found that only 68.6% of freshwater fish found in Malaysia had information on at least one of the seven targeted genes, with data on Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I being most commonly available. Genetic information for threatened and endemic species were underrepresented (33.3%-41.7%), yet fish of commercial value and invasive species were well explored genetically. Although there is still room for improvement to achieve comprehensive and reliable genetic resource information for freshwater fish in Malaysia, the application of eDNA metabarcoding is still highly relevant. This is since the current decline in freshwater fish diversity in Malaysia is alarming and because the technique will assist in the ongoing effort to generate new genetic references for Malaysian freshwater fish.
环境 DNA（eDNA）元条码是一种很有前途的定期生物监测工具，尤其是对全球面临巨大威胁的淡水鱼类而言。eDNA 检测的应用大大改进了普通的生物监测方法，因为它能在短时间内以较小的工作量和较低的成本产生切实的结果。然而，该技术的准确性在很大程度上取决于目标生物遗传参照物的可用性。在这项研究中，我们调查了马来西亚淡水鱼类在三个公共数据库（美国国家生物技术信息中心（NCBI）、生命条形码数据系统（BOLD）和鱼类线粒体基因组数据库（MitoFish））中的遗传资源的可用性，重点是线粒体 DNA 的七个目标基因。我们发现，在马来西亚发现的淡水鱼中，只有 68.6% 的鱼类至少有一个七种目标基因的信息，其中细胞色素 C 氧化酶亚基 I 的数据最为常见。受威胁物种和特有物种的基因信息比例较低（33.3%-41.7%），但具有商业价值的鱼类和入侵物种的基因信息却很丰富。尽管马来西亚淡水鱼遗传资源信息的全面性和可靠性仍有待提高，但 eDNA 代谢编码的应用仍具有重要意义。这是因为目前马来西亚淡水鱼类多样性的减少令人担忧，而且该技术将有助于为马来西亚淡水鱼类提供新的遗传参考。
{"title":"The Viability and Potential of Environmental DNA (eDNA) Detection of Freshwater Fish Based on Current Genetic Resources in Malaysia","authors":"K. Munian, Farah Farhana Ramli, N. Othman, H. Haris, N. H. Sariyati, N. A. A. Mahyudin, M. Najmuddin, M. S. Azman, Muhammad Abdul-Latiff Abu Bakar","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-02","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is a promising tool for regular biological monitoring, especially for freshwater fish, which are facing tremendous threats worldwide. The application of eDNA detection is a dramatic improvement on common methods of biomonitoring as it produces tangible results in a short time with low effort and little expense. However, the accuracy of the technique is largely dependent on the availability of genetic references for the target organisms. In this study, we investigated the availability of genetic resources for freshwater fish in Malaysia in three public depositories, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD), and Mitochondrial Genome Database of Fish (MitoFish), focusing on seven targeted genes of mitochondrial DNA. We found that only 68.6% of freshwater fish found in Malaysia had information on at least one of the seven targeted genes, with data on Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I being most commonly available. Genetic information for threatened and endemic species were underrepresented (33.3%-41.7%), yet fish of commercial value and invasive species were well explored genetically. Although there is still room for improvement to achieve comprehensive and reliable genetic resource information for freshwater fish in Malaysia, the application of eDNA metabarcoding is still highly relevant. This is since the current decline in freshwater fish diversity in Malaysia is alarming and because the technique will assist in the ongoing effort to generate new genetic references for Malaysian freshwater fish.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140476243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-04
T. S. Chuah, S.W. Lim, M. Dilipkumar
To minimise herbicide inputs, reduce environmental burdens, and delay the evolution of herbicide resistance, it is of the utmost significance to study the interaction between herbicides. This may be accomplished by selecting the optimal combination, which, through synergy, delivers more cost-effective weed control than a single herbicide. Under laboratory conditions, interactions between binary mixtures of bensulfuron, propanil, 2,4-D, or bentazon on chlorophyll reduction of Lemna minor were investigated using the Additive Dose Model. Mixtures of propanil/2,4-D resulted in low antagonism whereas strong antagonism was evident in bensulfuron-methyl/propanil. Combinations of bensulfuron/bentazon and bensulfuron/2,4-D led to moderate antagonism. By contrast, propanil in combination with bentazon demonstrated a modest degree of synergism. The findings of this study could provide good guideline and insights when mixing two herbicides for weed control in rice fields and other aquatic environment.
为了最大限度地减少除草剂的投入，减轻环境负担，延缓除草剂抗药性的演变，研究除草剂之间的相互作用具有极其重要的意义。要做到这一点，可以选择最佳组合，通过协同作用，实现比单一除草剂更具成本效益的除草效果。在实验室条件下，使用加成剂量模型研究了苄嘧磺隆、丙环唑、2,4-D 或苯达松的二元混合物之间的相互作用对 Lemna minor 叶绿素减少的影响。丙环唑/2,4-D 混合物的拮抗作用较低，而苄嘧磺隆/丙环唑的拮抗作用较强。苄嘧磺隆/苯噻酰草胺和苄嘧磺隆/2,4-D的组合具有中等程度的拮抗作用。相比之下，丙草胺与苯噻草胺的组合则表现出适度的协同作用。这项研究的结果为稻田和其他水生环境中混合使用两种除草剂控制杂草提供了很好的指导和启示。
{"title":"Joint Action of Selective Herbicides used in Paddy Field on Control of Lemna minor L.","authors":"T. S. Chuah, S.W. Lim, M. Dilipkumar","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-04","url":null,"abstract":"To minimise herbicide inputs, reduce environmental burdens, and delay the evolution of herbicide resistance, it is of the utmost significance to study the interaction between herbicides. This may be accomplished by selecting the optimal combination, which, through synergy, delivers more cost-effective weed control than a single herbicide. Under laboratory conditions, interactions between binary mixtures of bensulfuron, propanil, 2,4-D, or bentazon on chlorophyll reduction of Lemna minor were investigated using the Additive Dose Model. Mixtures of propanil/2,4-D resulted in low antagonism whereas strong antagonism was evident in bensulfuron-methyl/propanil. Combinations of bensulfuron/bentazon and bensulfuron/2,4-D led to moderate antagonism. By contrast, propanil in combination with bentazon demonstrated a modest degree of synergism. The findings of this study could provide good guideline and insights when mixing two herbicides for weed control in rice fields and other aquatic environment.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140473743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-08
Shafiq Johar, P. Puvanasundram, C. R. de Cruz, Chou Min Chong, Ina Salwany Md Yasin, K. C. Lim, Noordiyana Mat Noordin, M. Karim
In aquaculture, using probiotics is crucial for strengthening the immune system and encouraging the growth and survival of many aquatic organisms, including the Pangasius species. This approach is particularly significant given the impact of bacterial diseases on Pangasius survival. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of probiotics isolated from Pangasius nasutus as alternatives to antibiotics for combating infections caused by Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae. Potential bacteria were isolated from the intestine and stomach of healthy P. nasutus. Seventy probiotic strains were successfully isolated and further screened using A. hydrophilaand S. agalactiae as pathogens in an in vitro disc diffusion assay. Preliminary screenings indicated that five probiotic strains inhibited the growth of A. hydrophila. Stomach-derived strain S1 and intestine-derived strain L1 suppressed A. hydrophila growth with inhibition zones of 10.5±1 mm and 8.5±1 mm, respectively. Likewise, strains L2, L8, and L12 from the intestine showed inhibitory zones of 6.0±1 mm, 6.5±1 mm, and 6.0±1 mm, respectively. Of these, only L12 inhibited the growth of S. agalactiae with a clear zone of 5.0±1 mm. In the elimination of pathogenic strains, potential strains S1 and L1 did not grow on the Aeromonas isolation medium. Co-culture assays demonstrated that both potential strains significantly inhibited Aeromonas hydrophila growth at concentrations of 106 and 108 CFU mL-1 over 48- and 96-hour periods, respectively. The potential bacterial strains were identified using 16s rRNA gene sequencing and were classified as follows: S1 - Lactococcus lactis, L1 - Weissella confusa, L2 - Cosenzaea myxofaciens, L8 - Lactococcus garvieae, and L12 - Plesiomonas shigelloides. Strain S1 L. lactis and strain L1 W. confusa are suggested for further evaluation and acquired additional research to fully elucidate their mechanisms and potential as probiotics.
{"title":"In-vitro Inhibitory Activities of Potential Probiotic Isolated from Pangasius nasutus against Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae","authors":"Shafiq Johar, P. Puvanasundram, C. R. de Cruz, Chou Min Chong, Ina Salwany Md Yasin, K. C. Lim, Noordiyana Mat Noordin, M. Karim","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-08","url":null,"abstract":"In aquaculture, using probiotics is crucial for strengthening the immune system and encouraging the growth and survival of many aquatic organisms, including the Pangasius species. This approach is particularly significant given the impact of bacterial diseases on Pangasius survival. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of probiotics isolated from Pangasius nasutus as alternatives to antibiotics for combating infections caused by Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae. Potential bacteria were isolated from the intestine and stomach of healthy P. nasutus. Seventy probiotic strains were successfully isolated and further screened using A. hydrophilaand S. agalactiae as pathogens in an in vitro disc diffusion assay. Preliminary screenings indicated that five probiotic strains inhibited the growth of A. hydrophila. Stomach-derived strain S1 and intestine-derived strain L1 suppressed A. hydrophila growth with inhibition zones of 10.5±1 mm and 8.5±1 mm, respectively. Likewise, strains L2, L8, and L12 from the intestine showed inhibitory zones of 6.0±1 mm, 6.5±1 mm, and 6.0±1 mm, respectively. Of these, only L12 inhibited the growth of S. agalactiae with a clear zone of 5.0±1 mm. In the elimination of pathogenic strains, potential strains S1 and L1 did not grow on the Aeromonas isolation medium. Co-culture assays demonstrated that both potential strains significantly inhibited Aeromonas hydrophila growth at concentrations of 106 and 108 CFU mL-1 over 48- and 96-hour periods, respectively. The potential bacterial strains were identified using 16s rRNA gene sequencing and were classified as follows: S1 - Lactococcus lactis, L1 - Weissella confusa, L2 - Cosenzaea myxofaciens, L8 - Lactococcus garvieae, and L12 - Plesiomonas shigelloides. Strain S1 L. lactis and strain L1 W. confusa are suggested for further evaluation and acquired additional research to fully elucidate their mechanisms and potential as probiotics.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140474644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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