An interval-valued fuzzy graph (IVFG) emanates from a fuzzy graph (FG) where the membership is given in interval form. This framework give the user more flexibility in dealing with fuzzy information. In this paper, the signless Laplacian matrix of an interval-valued fuzzy-directed graph is defined. The eigenvalue, spectrum, spectral radius, and energy of an interval-valued fuzzy-directed graph associated with the signless Laplacian matrix are reported. In addition, the lower bound of the signless Laplacian energy in this graph is highlighted. Finally, these tools are employed to build an algorithm that helps in solving some real live problems.
{"title":"Signless Laplacian Energy of Interval-Valued Fuzzy Graph and its Applications","authors":"Mamika Ujianita Romdhini, Faisal Al-Sharqi, Athirah Nawawi, Ashraf Al-Quran, Hossein Rashmanlou","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-18","url":null,"abstract":"An interval-valued fuzzy graph (IVFG) emanates from a fuzzy graph (FG) where the membership is given in interval form. This framework give the user more flexibility in dealing with fuzzy information. In this paper, the signless Laplacian matrix of an interval-valued fuzzy-directed graph is defined. The eigenvalue, spectrum, spectral radius, and energy of an interval-valued fuzzy-directed graph associated with the signless Laplacian matrix are reported. In addition, the lower bound of the signless Laplacian energy in this graph is highlighted. Finally, these tools are employed to build an algorithm that helps in solving some real live problems.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-07
Nga Thi Thu Nguyen, Ritesh Kumar Chaudhary, Tan Quang Tu, Chu Mau Hoang, Quan Huu Nguyen, Hai Van Do, Bach The Tran, Joongku Lee, Changyoung Lee, Thuong Danh Sy
Cleomaceae is a family that includes 18 genera distributed worldwide in tropical and temperate regions. Cleome L. is the largest genus having 207 species, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions (POWO 2019). In Vietnam, the genus is represented by four species Cleome rutidosperma DC., C. houtteanaSchltdl., C. viscosaL. and C. gynandraL. The present study documents the pollen and seed characteristics of all four species of Cleome in Vietnam, and the data obtained using light microscope and scanning electron microscope are analyzed considering their importance in taxonomic delimitation and understanding their phylogenetic relationship. The results indicated a close relationship between different pollen and aperture types. The striking differences between the pollen shapes among different species of Cleome could be useful in taxonomic and evolutionary studies. Similarly, seed shape and surface characters provided important clues for their delimitation. Based on the pollen and seed morphological characteristics, a taxonomic key has been provided for easy identification of the Cleome species in Vietnam.
{"title":"Pollen and Seed Morphology of Cleome Species (Cleomaceae) in Vietnam","authors":"Nga Thi Thu Nguyen, Ritesh Kumar Chaudhary, Tan Quang Tu, Chu Mau Hoang, Quan Huu Nguyen, Hai Van Do, Bach The Tran, Joongku Lee, Changyoung Lee, Thuong Danh Sy","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-07","url":null,"abstract":"Cleomaceae is a family that includes 18 genera distributed worldwide in tropical and temperate regions. Cleome L. is the largest genus having 207 species, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions (POWO 2019). In Vietnam, the genus is represented by four species Cleome rutidosperma DC., C. houtteanaSchltdl., C. viscosaL. and C. gynandraL. The present study documents the pollen and seed characteristics of all four species of Cleome in Vietnam, and the data obtained using light microscope and scanning electron microscope are analyzed considering their importance in taxonomic delimitation and understanding their phylogenetic relationship. The results indicated a close relationship between different pollen and aperture types. The striking differences between the pollen shapes among different species of Cleome could be useful in taxonomic and evolutionary studies. Similarly, seed shape and surface characters provided important clues for their delimitation. Based on the pollen and seed morphological characteristics, a taxonomic key has been provided for easy identification of the Cleome species in Vietnam.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-12
Anas Ahzaruddin Ahamad Tarmizi, Siti Hajar Adam, Nik Nasihah Nik Ramli, Nur Ahfizah Abd Hadi, Maisarah Abdul Mutalib, Shirley Gee Hoon Tang, Mohd Helmy Mokhtar
The emergence of nanotechnology has become more popular, and the progress had sparked much development in nanoparticle synthesis, including selenium. Studies associated with the therapeutic abilities and physicochemical properties of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are rapidly growing and gaining interest from many researchers. This review discusses on the fundamental components of selenium, different approaches in synthesizing selenium nanoparticles, its remedial properties and potential in biomedical application. Herein, primary focus will be given to the action of selenium nanoparticles mechanism in improving diabetes mellitus symptoms and complications in animal studies. It is known that selenium is an important micronutrient found in humans, plants and animals that can be incorporated as selenoprotein in the human body. Analysis and comparison on the findings enlighten that SeNPs demonstrated ameliorative effect on diabetes complications due to their antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering characteristics.
{"title":"The Ameliorative Effects of Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs) on Diabetic Rat Model: A Narrative Review","authors":"Anas Ahzaruddin Ahamad Tarmizi, Siti Hajar Adam, Nik Nasihah Nik Ramli, Nur Ahfizah Abd Hadi, Maisarah Abdul Mutalib, Shirley Gee Hoon Tang, Mohd Helmy Mokhtar","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-12","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of nanotechnology has become more popular, and the progress had sparked much development in nanoparticle synthesis, including selenium. Studies associated with the therapeutic abilities and physicochemical properties of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are rapidly growing and gaining interest from many researchers. This review discusses on the fundamental components of selenium, different approaches in synthesizing selenium nanoparticles, its remedial properties and potential in biomedical application. Herein, primary focus will be given to the action of selenium nanoparticles mechanism in improving diabetes mellitus symptoms and complications in animal studies. It is known that selenium is an important micronutrient found in humans, plants and animals that can be incorporated as selenoprotein in the human body. Analysis and comparison on the findings enlighten that SeNPs demonstrated ameliorative effect on diabetes complications due to their antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering characteristics.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-14
Yan Pei Wang, Mohamad Arif Awang Nawi, Norma Ab Rahman
This article reviews the progress of research on the modulation of the biological effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and the influence of the basic LLLT parameters and irradiation scenarios. A thorough search of the literature in the PubMed, Web of Science and Embase databases, including articles published in peer-reviewed journals, was conducted to collect relevant information on LLLT and MSCs. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases was performed using the keywords "Low level laser," "mesenchymal stem cells," " cell proliferation," and "osteogenic differentiation." The search was limited to studies published in English between 2009 and 2022, including in vitro and in vivo studies. LLLT has the potential to promote MSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, with significant applications in bone tissue engineering. Factors that influence the biological effects of LLLT on MSC include cell type, culture medium, duration of irradiation, the frequency of laser irradiation, irradiation spot size, and type of light flux distribution. The limitations of this review include heterogeneous experimental conditions and the inability to design experiments that consider all influencing factors simultaneously.
本文综述了低水平激光治疗(LLLT)对间充质干细胞(MSC)生物学效应调控的研究进展，以及低水平激光治疗基本参数和照射条件对间充质干细胞生物学效应的影响。在PubMed、Web of Science和Embase数据库中进行了全面的文献检索，包括发表在同行评审期刊上的文章，以收集有关LLLT和msc的相关信息。使用关键词“低水平激光”、“间充质干细胞”、“细胞增殖”和“成骨分化”，对PubMed、Web of Science和Embase数据库进行了全面的搜索。该研究仅限于2009年至2022年间用英文发表的研究，包括体外和体内研究。LLLT具有促进间充质干细胞增殖和成骨分化的潜力，在骨组织工程中具有重要的应用价值。影响LLLT对MSC生物学效应的因素包括细胞类型、培养基、照射时间、激光照射频率、照射光斑大小、光通量分布类型等。本综述的局限性包括实验条件的异质性和无法设计同时考虑所有影响因素的实验。
{"title":"Advances in the Bioregulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Low-Level Laser Therapy During Bone Formation: A Narrative Review","authors":"Yan Pei Wang, Mohamad Arif Awang Nawi, Norma Ab Rahman","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-14","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews the progress of research on the modulation of the biological effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and the influence of the basic LLLT parameters and irradiation scenarios. A thorough search of the literature in the PubMed, Web of Science and Embase databases, including articles published in peer-reviewed journals, was conducted to collect relevant information on LLLT and MSCs. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases was performed using the keywords \"Low level laser,\" \"mesenchymal stem cells,\" \" cell proliferation,\" and \"osteogenic differentiation.\" The search was limited to studies published in English between 2009 and 2022, including in vitro and in vivo studies. LLLT has the potential to promote MSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, with significant applications in bone tissue engineering. Factors that influence the biological effects of LLLT on MSC include cell type, culture medium, duration of irradiation, the frequency of laser irradiation, irradiation spot size, and type of light flux distribution. The limitations of this review include heterogeneous experimental conditions and the inability to design experiments that consider all influencing factors simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-13
Wan Siti Fatimah Wan Abdul Rahman, Siti Balkis Budin, Swee Fong Tang, Bee Koon Poh
Iron and vitamin B12 are essential micronutrients needed for the growth and development of children. Iron is critical for erythropoiesis, notably in haemoglobin synthesis whereby haemoglobin transports oxygen to cells, which is essential for cellular metabolism and energy production. Meanwhile, vitamin B12 is required for deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, intracellular metabolism, and blood cells formation and maturation. Lack of these essential micronutrients can lead to nutritional deficiency and anaemia, especially among children. Food insecurity is a condition where there is a lack of or uncertain availability of acquiring acceptable food. Food insecurity is associated with lower nutrient intake and micronutrient deficiencies including iron and vitamin B12, which can subsequently lead to poor health outcomes. Various determinants are associated with iron and vitamin B12 deficiency, and food insecurity, such as socio-economic factors, environmental factors, and dietary intake. This review will explore the possible relationship between iron, vitamin B12, and anaemia with food insecurity among children.
{"title":"Review on Food Insecurity and its Relationship with Iron and Vitamin B12 Status Among Children","authors":"Wan Siti Fatimah Wan Abdul Rahman, Siti Balkis Budin, Swee Fong Tang, Bee Koon Poh","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-13","url":null,"abstract":"Iron and vitamin B12 are essential micronutrients needed for the growth and development of children. Iron is critical for erythropoiesis, notably in haemoglobin synthesis whereby haemoglobin transports oxygen to cells, which is essential for cellular metabolism and energy production. Meanwhile, vitamin B12 is required for deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, intracellular metabolism, and blood cells formation and maturation. Lack of these essential micronutrients can lead to nutritional deficiency and anaemia, especially among children. Food insecurity is a condition where there is a lack of or uncertain availability of acquiring acceptable food. Food insecurity is associated with lower nutrient intake and micronutrient deficiencies including iron and vitamin B12, which can subsequently lead to poor health outcomes. Various determinants are associated with iron and vitamin B12 deficiency, and food insecurity, such as socio-economic factors, environmental factors, and dietary intake. This review will explore the possible relationship between iron, vitamin B12, and anaemia with food insecurity among children.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-16
Lay Sheng Ewe, Weng Kean Yew, Hai Song Woon, Zawawi Ibrahim
Effective noise control is vital for improving living standards, but traditional sound absorbers pose health risks. Natural fibers offer a sustainable alternative, with consistent absorption rates across a broad frequency range. These fibers, widely available in Malaysia, are non-toxic, lightweight, renewable, and eco-friendly, making them an attractive option. The safety benefits of natural fibers further enhance their appeal as sound absorbers, making them an excellent choice for those concerned about environmental impact and personal health. This study will examine the effect of different thicknesses on the acoustic performance of natural fibers from oil palm fronds (OPF). The findings demonstrate that, when material density is 160 kg/m3, all thicknesses can achieve a good Sound Absorption Coefficient (SAC) of 0.8 or greater within 3600 - 6400 Hz range. However, at 180 kg/m3 density, only the 10 mm thickness sample has SAC of 0.8 or greater, but for 2800 - 6400 Hz range. It is worth noting that, across 0 - 6400 Hz, 10 mm thick and 180 kg/m3 density sample has higher SAC than 160 kg/m3 samples. Nevertheless, for 12 mm, 14 mm, and 16 mm thicknesses, SAC of 160 kg/m3 is higher than 180 kg/m3 after an interception point. Before that interception point, SAC of 160 kg/m3 is lower than 180 kg/m3. As thickness increases from 12 mm to 16 mm, the interception point decreases from 2100 Hz to 1600 Hz. The research demonstrates that various factors, such as frequency, density, thickness, and fiber structure, impact the acoustic performance of OPF LDF.
{"title":"Sound-Absorbing Material Based Oil Palm Frond Natural Fibres","authors":"Lay Sheng Ewe, Weng Kean Yew, Hai Song Woon, Zawawi Ibrahim","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-16","url":null,"abstract":"Effective noise control is vital for improving living standards, but traditional sound absorbers pose health risks. Natural fibers offer a sustainable alternative, with consistent absorption rates across a broad frequency range. These fibers, widely available in Malaysia, are non-toxic, lightweight, renewable, and eco-friendly, making them an attractive option. The safety benefits of natural fibers further enhance their appeal as sound absorbers, making them an excellent choice for those concerned about environmental impact and personal health. This study will examine the effect of different thicknesses on the acoustic performance of natural fibers from oil palm fronds (OPF). The findings demonstrate that, when material density is 160 kg/m3, all thicknesses can achieve a good Sound Absorption Coefficient (SAC) of 0.8 or greater within 3600 - 6400 Hz range. However, at 180 kg/m3 density, only the 10 mm thickness sample has SAC of 0.8 or greater, but for 2800 - 6400 Hz range. It is worth noting that, across 0 - 6400 Hz, 10 mm thick and 180 kg/m3 density sample has higher SAC than 160 kg/m3 samples. Nevertheless, for 12 mm, 14 mm, and 16 mm thicknesses, SAC of 160 kg/m3 is higher than 180 kg/m3 after an interception point. Before that interception point, SAC of 160 kg/m3 is lower than 180 kg/m3. As thickness increases from 12 mm to 16 mm, the interception point decreases from 2100 Hz to 1600 Hz. The research demonstrates that various factors, such as frequency, density, thickness, and fiber structure, impact the acoustic performance of OPF LDF.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In conventional morphometrics, researchers often collect and analyze data using large numbers of morphometric features to study the shape variation among biological organisms. Feature selection is a fundamental tool in machine learning which is used to remove irrelevant and redundant features. Recursive feature elimination (RFE) is a popular feature selection technique that reduces data dimensionality and helps in selecting the subset of attributes based on predictor importance ranking. In this study, we perform RFE on the craniodental measurements of the Rattus rattus data to select the best feature subset for both males and females. We also performed a comparative study based on three machine learning algorithms such as Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, and Artificial Neural Network by using all features and the RFE-selected features to classify the R. rattus sample based on the age groups. Artificial Neural Network has shown to provide the best accuracy among these three predictive classification models.
{"title":"RFE-Based Feature Selection to Improve Classification Accuracy for Morphometric Analysis of Craniodental Characters of House Rats","authors":"Aneesha Balachandran Pillay, Dharini Pathmanathan, Arpah Abu, Hasmahzaiti Omar","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-01","url":null,"abstract":"In conventional morphometrics, researchers often collect and analyze data using large numbers of morphometric features to study the shape variation among biological organisms. Feature selection is a fundamental tool in machine learning which is used to remove irrelevant and redundant features. Recursive feature elimination (RFE) is a popular feature selection technique that reduces data dimensionality and helps in selecting the subset of attributes based on predictor importance ranking. In this study, we perform RFE on the craniodental measurements of the Rattus rattus data to select the best feature subset for both males and females. We also performed a comparative study based on three machine learning algorithms such as Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, and Artificial Neural Network by using all features and the RFE-selected features to classify the R. rattus sample based on the age groups. Artificial Neural Network has shown to provide the best accuracy among these three predictive classification models.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-10
Syafiqah Mhd Jamal, Hasnah Bahari, Daryl Jesus Arapoc, Muhammad Akif Adnan, Imran Jazary Mad Diah, Azmiza Syawani Jasni
Medicinal plants are used for various purposes, however, the presence of microorganisms in them is the main safety risk. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of gamma irradiation on microbial contaminants and phytochemical constituents of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. The plant was irradiated using doses of 3, 6, 9, and 12 kGy and the microbial contamination was assessed using phenotypic and genotypic analyses. The qualitative screening using chemical tests was performed to identify the presence of important phytochemical constituents including alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, steroids and triterpenes. Results showed that the total microbial counts in O. aristatus were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) following irradiations at 3- and 6 kGy. Pathogenic bacteria were not detected in O. aristatus after irradiation at 6 kGy while the phytochemical constituents were conserved. In conclusion, gamma irradiation has significantly reduced and eliminated microbial contaminants and preserved the phytochemical constituents of O. aristatus. This study highlights the use of a low and specific dose, 6 kGy that is effective to reduce and eliminate microbial contaminants in O. aristatus.
{"title":"Effects of Cobalt-60 Gamma on Microbial Elimination and Phytochemical Constituents in Orthosiphon aristatus (Misai Kucing) (Blume) Miq.","authors":"Syafiqah Mhd Jamal, Hasnah Bahari, Daryl Jesus Arapoc, Muhammad Akif Adnan, Imran Jazary Mad Diah, Azmiza Syawani Jasni","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-10","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants are used for various purposes, however, the presence of microorganisms in them is the main safety risk. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of gamma irradiation on microbial contaminants and phytochemical constituents of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. The plant was irradiated using doses of 3, 6, 9, and 12 kGy and the microbial contamination was assessed using phenotypic and genotypic analyses. The qualitative screening using chemical tests was performed to identify the presence of important phytochemical constituents including alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, steroids and triterpenes. Results showed that the total microbial counts in O. aristatus were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) following irradiations at 3- and 6 kGy. Pathogenic bacteria were not detected in O. aristatus after irradiation at 6 kGy while the phytochemical constituents were conserved. In conclusion, gamma irradiation has significantly reduced and eliminated microbial contaminants and preserved the phytochemical constituents of O. aristatus. This study highlights the use of a low and specific dose, 6 kGy that is effective to reduce and eliminate microbial contaminants in O. aristatus.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-15
R. Abd-Shukor, B. B. Lee, K. Muhammad-Najib, Nor Azah Nik-Jaafar, Mohd Narizee Mohd Nasir
Halaju bunyi, dan atenuasi ultrasonik, a gelombang ricih dalam TmBa2Cu3O6.94 yang mensuperkonduksi dan TmBa2Cu3O6.40 yang tidak mensuperkonduksi telah diukur daripada 80 dan 200 K pada julat frekuensi MHz. Sampel superkonduktor TmBa2Cu3O6.94 menunjukkan histeresis terma dan peningkatan halaju ricih, sebanyak 2.5% apabila suhu diturunkan daripada 200 K hingga 80 K. Sampel TmBa2Cu3O6.40 yang bukan superkonduktor pula menunjukkan peningkatan = 1.5% apabila suhu diturunkan dalam julat suhu yang sama. Tiada histerisis yang ketara dicerap dalam sampel TmBa2Cu3O6.40 yang bukan superkonduktor. Superkonduktor TmBa2Cu3O6.94 menunjukkan halaju bunyi ricih meningkat dengan ketara berhampiran suhu genting mula (Tc-mula = 93 K) semasa penyejukan tetapi tidak semasa pemanasan. Sampel superkonduktor TmBa2Cu3O6.94 juga menunjukkan puncak atenuasi berhampiran suhu genting. Di samping itu wujud puncak atenuasi yang lebar pada 140 K semasa suhu menaik dan 160 K semasa suhu menurun bagi sampel TmBa2Cu3O6.94 yang mensuperkonduksi. Anomali ultrasonik dalam superkonduktor TmBa2Cu3O6.94 diterangkan menggunakan kandungan oksigen dan tertiban oksigen dalam satah dan rantai kuprum oksida.
在 80 和 200 K 的兆赫频率范围内测量了超导 TmBa2Cu3O6.94 和非超导 TmBa2Cu3O6.40 中噪声波的声速和超声衰减。当温度从 200 K 降到 80 K 时，超导 TmBa2Cu3O6.94 样品显示出明显的滞后和速率增加，增幅高达 2.5%。在非超导 TmBa2Cu3O6.40 样品中没有观察到明显的滞后现象。超导体 TmBa2Cu3O6.94 在初始临界温度（Tc-mula = 93 K）附近的冷却过程中显示出明显增加的噪声率，但在加热过程中却没有。TmBa2Cu3O6.94 超导样品在临界温度附近也出现了衰减峰。此外，超导 TmBa2Cu3O6.94 样品在升温过程中的 140 K 和降温过程中的 160 K 处存在宽衰减峰。超导 TmBa2Cu3O6.94 中的超声波异常现象可以用萨塔和库普鲁姆氧化物链中的氧和有序氧含量来解释。
{"title":"Anomali Halaju Bunyi Ricih dan Atenuasi Ultrasonik dalam TmBa2Cu3O7−δ (δ = 0.06 dan 0.6)","authors":"R. Abd-Shukor, B. B. Lee, K. Muhammad-Najib, Nor Azah Nik-Jaafar, Mohd Narizee Mohd Nasir","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-15","url":null,"abstract":"Halaju bunyi, dan atenuasi ultrasonik, a gelombang ricih dalam TmBa2Cu3O6.94 yang mensuperkonduksi dan TmBa2Cu3O6.40 yang tidak mensuperkonduksi telah diukur daripada 80 dan 200 K pada julat frekuensi MHz. Sampel superkonduktor TmBa2Cu3O6.94 menunjukkan histeresis terma dan peningkatan halaju ricih, sebanyak 2.5% apabila suhu diturunkan daripada 200 K hingga 80 K. Sampel TmBa2Cu3O6.40 yang bukan superkonduktor pula menunjukkan peningkatan = 1.5% apabila suhu diturunkan dalam julat suhu yang sama. Tiada histerisis yang ketara dicerap dalam sampel TmBa2Cu3O6.40 yang bukan superkonduktor. Superkonduktor TmBa2Cu3O6.94 menunjukkan halaju bunyi ricih meningkat dengan ketara berhampiran suhu genting mula (Tc-mula = 93 K) semasa penyejukan tetapi tidak semasa pemanasan. Sampel superkonduktor TmBa2Cu3O6.94 juga menunjukkan puncak atenuasi berhampiran suhu genting. Di samping itu wujud puncak atenuasi yang lebar pada 140 K semasa suhu menaik dan 160 K semasa suhu menurun bagi sampel TmBa2Cu3O6.94 yang mensuperkonduksi. Anomali ultrasonik dalam superkonduktor TmBa2Cu3O6.94 diterangkan menggunakan kandungan oksigen dan tertiban oksigen dalam satah dan rantai kuprum oksida.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-03
Yusuf Opeyemi Oyebamiji, Noraziyah Abd Aziz Shamsudin, Mohd Ikmal Asmuni, Mohd Rafii Yusop
Global climate change has not only caused a significant rise in the average temperature around the world but has also threatened crop productivity and food security. Heat stress disrupts various plant physiological and biochemical processes, such as inhibition of growth and development, reduction of photosynthesis rate and nutrient uptake, consequently causing yield losses. The destructive effects of heat stress are expected to worsen in the coming years. Thus, it has become imperative to understand how vegetables respond and adapt to heat stress in order to improve their heat tolerance ability. Various approaches have been adopted to enhance heat stress tolerance in vegetables, including modifying cultural practices and crop improvements through several breeding methods. This review gives comprehensive and up-to-date information on the effects of heat stress on vegetables; and existing as well as emerging methods adopted to enhance heat tolerance in vegetables. It also provides a brief overview of a new method called speed breeding, which can be leveraged to fast-track the breeding process for developing heat stress-tolerant vegetables.
{"title":"Heat Stress in Vegetables: Impacts and Management Strategies – A Review","authors":"Yusuf Opeyemi Oyebamiji, Noraziyah Abd Aziz Shamsudin, Mohd Ikmal Asmuni, Mohd Rafii Yusop","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-03","url":null,"abstract":"Global climate change has not only caused a significant rise in the average temperature around the world but has also threatened crop productivity and food security. Heat stress disrupts various plant physiological and biochemical processes, such as inhibition of growth and development, reduction of photosynthesis rate and nutrient uptake, consequently causing yield losses. The destructive effects of heat stress are expected to worsen in the coming years. Thus, it has become imperative to understand how vegetables respond and adapt to heat stress in order to improve their heat tolerance ability. Various approaches have been adopted to enhance heat stress tolerance in vegetables, including modifying cultural practices and crop improvements through several breeding methods. This review gives comprehensive and up-to-date information on the effects of heat stress on vegetables; and existing as well as emerging methods adopted to enhance heat tolerance in vegetables. It also provides a brief overview of a new method called speed breeding, which can be leveraged to fast-track the breeding process for developing heat stress-tolerant vegetables.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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