Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5303-11
S. H. Drahman, Hisyammudin Maseri, Maqueline Cyndi Nap, Zetty Baiduri Hossen
Sarawak is expected to face environmental challenges due to air pollution arising from industrial emissions and urbanisation as it strives towards achieving developed and high-income status by 2030. Therefore, it is important to conduct a comprehensive Air Pollutant Index (API) trend analysis. There are currently limited studies on API trend analysis that focus on Kuching, the capital known for its extensive industrial zones and densely populated urban centre. The main focus of this study was to perform a comprehensive analysis of the API trends in the Kuching region over a period of 20 years (2000-2019) using a visual representation in the form of a contour plot. To achieve this purpose, a five-term Fourier model was employed to predict the missing API data using Matlab software. Then, a complete version of a contour plot was developed to clearly illustrate the fluctuations in air quality over time. It was found that a five-term Fourier model used to forecast missing API data provides a strong correlation with the API readings, with most of the R values greater than 0.91. Moreover, the generated contour plot demonstrates a visual congruence between the forecasted data and the original dataset. Elevated API readings, signifying highly detrimental air quality, were primarily identified as a result of haze episodes stemming from uncontrolled fires in neighbouring countries, particularly during El Niño events. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of API trends in Kuching by means of the contour plot.
随着沙捞越努力在 2030 年实现发达和高收入国家的目标，预计它将面临工业排放和城市化带来的空气污染所带来的环境挑战。因此，进行全面的空气污染物指数（API）趋势分析非常重要。目前，以古晋为重点的 API 趋势分析研究非常有限，古晋因其广阔的工业区和人口稠密的城市中心而闻名。本研究的主要重点是采用等值线图的直观表现形式，对古晋地区 20 年（2000-2019 年）内的 API 趋势进行全面分析。为此，使用 Matlab 软件建立了一个五项傅立叶模型来预测缺失的 API 数据。然后，绘制了完整版的等值线图，以清楚地说明空气质量随时间的波动情况。研究发现，用于预测缺失的空气污染指数数据的五项傅立叶模型与空气污染指数读数具有很强的相关性，大部分 R 值大于 0.91。此外，生成的等高线图显示了预测数据与原始数据集之间的直观一致性。空气污染指数读数升高表明空气质量非常糟糕，这主要是由于邻国无节制的火灾造成的雾霾天气，尤其是在厄尔尼诺现象期间。这项研究的结果有助于通过等值线图更好地了解古晋的空气污染指数趋势。
{"title":"Twenty Years of Air Pollutant Index Trend Analysis in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia (2000-2019)","authors":"S. H. Drahman, Hisyammudin Maseri, Maqueline Cyndi Nap, Zetty Baiduri Hossen","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5303-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5303-11","url":null,"abstract":"Sarawak is expected to face environmental challenges due to air pollution arising from industrial emissions and urbanisation as it strives towards achieving developed and high-income status by 2030. Therefore, it is important to conduct a comprehensive Air Pollutant Index (API) trend analysis. There are currently limited studies on API trend analysis that focus on Kuching, the capital known for its extensive industrial zones and densely populated urban centre. The main focus of this study was to perform a comprehensive analysis of the API trends in the Kuching region over a period of 20 years (2000-2019) using a visual representation in the form of a contour plot. To achieve this purpose, a five-term Fourier model was employed to predict the missing API data using Matlab software. Then, a complete version of a contour plot was developed to clearly illustrate the fluctuations in air quality over time. It was found that a five-term Fourier model used to forecast missing API data provides a strong correlation with the API readings, with most of the R values greater than 0.91. Moreover, the generated contour plot demonstrates a visual congruence between the forecasted data and the original dataset. Elevated API readings, signifying highly detrimental air quality, were primarily identified as a result of haze episodes stemming from uncontrolled fires in neighbouring countries, particularly during El Niño events. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of API trends in Kuching by means of the contour plot.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5303-03
Norhayati Zainorahim, Norhidayah Mohd Taufek, P. Ganesan, Annie Tan Geok Yuan, Hanan Mohd Yusof
A 12-week feeding trial on jade perch (Scortum barcoo) was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of partial substitution of fishmeal with black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) in a biofloc system that requires minimal water exchange. The jade perch juveniles were subjected to three dietary treatments namely the 100% fishmeal (FM100), 50% BSFLM (BSF50), and a commercial diet (COM) with 20 individuals per treatment in triplicate tanks. Growth, feed efficiency, and body indices were measured throughout the feeding trial. There were no significant differences observed between the treatments in growth indicators such as the body weight gain (84.55 - 89.10 g), feed conversion ratio (1.77 - 1.87), specific growth rate (1.71 - 1.81 %/day), protein efficiency ratio (1.69 - 1.77), survival rate (90.00 - 98.48 %) and fillet yield (34.94 - 37.08 %). The condition factor is similar in all treatment groups ranging from 1.97 - 2.05. The crude protein and moisture content making up fish body composition are not statistically different among treatments, but higher crude lipids are obtained in the BSF50 (32.33 ± 5.27 g/kg) and COM (31.67 ± 2.76 g/kg). Higher hepatosomatic index (HSI) and visceral fat somatic index (VFSI) values were observed in BSF50 group at 3.13 ± 0.25 and 10.89 ± 1.68, respectively. Furthermore, sensory evaluation comparing the consumers' evaluation and acceptance of the fish cultured with the different dietary treatment and culture system shows that the group fed BSF50 and cultured in biofloc system received similar overall appreciation with the FM100 and COM group. In conclusion, BSFLM inclusion in the jade perch diet, combined with the biofloc system, is feasible to be explored further.
{"title":"Hermetia illucens Larvae Meal as Partial Fishmeal Replacement in Jade Perch Diet Cultured in Biofloc: Growth Performance, Feed Efficiency and Consumer Acceptance","authors":"Norhayati Zainorahim, Norhidayah Mohd Taufek, P. Ganesan, Annie Tan Geok Yuan, Hanan Mohd Yusof","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5303-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5303-03","url":null,"abstract":"A 12-week feeding trial on jade perch (Scortum barcoo) was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of partial substitution of fishmeal with black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) in a biofloc system that requires minimal water exchange. The jade perch juveniles were subjected to three dietary treatments namely the 100% fishmeal (FM100), 50% BSFLM (BSF50), and a commercial diet (COM) with 20 individuals per treatment in triplicate tanks. Growth, feed efficiency, and body indices were measured throughout the feeding trial. There were no significant differences observed between the treatments in growth indicators such as the body weight gain (84.55 - 89.10 g), feed conversion ratio (1.77 - 1.87), specific growth rate (1.71 - 1.81 %/day), protein efficiency ratio (1.69 - 1.77), survival rate (90.00 - 98.48 %) and fillet yield (34.94 - 37.08 %). The condition factor is similar in all treatment groups ranging from 1.97 - 2.05. The crude protein and moisture content making up fish body composition are not statistically different among treatments, but higher crude lipids are obtained in the BSF50 (32.33 ± 5.27 g/kg) and COM (31.67 ± 2.76 g/kg). Higher hepatosomatic index (HSI) and visceral fat somatic index (VFSI) values were observed in BSF50 group at 3.13 ± 0.25 and 10.89 ± 1.68, respectively. Furthermore, sensory evaluation comparing the consumers' evaluation and acceptance of the fish cultured with the different dietary treatment and culture system shows that the group fed BSF50 and cultured in biofloc system received similar overall appreciation with the FM100 and COM group. In conclusion, BSFLM inclusion in the jade perch diet, combined with the biofloc system, is feasible to be explored further.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5303-09
Siti Sarah M. Sofiullah, D. Murugan, Suhaila Abd Muid, Yuan Seng Wu, N. Zamakshshari, Quan Fu Gan, Melonney Patrick, Norasikin Ab Azis, S. Sirasanagandla, K. Choy
Hyperhomocysteinemia causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces endothelial dysfunction, the hallmark of cardiovascular diseases. Nigella sativa seeds contain thymoquinone (TQ), a cardioprotective bioactive component. Nevertheless, research on investigating the effectiveness of TQ in preventing endothelial dysfunction caused by homocysteine (Hcy) is scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to examine the role of TQ in restoring Hcy-induced endothelial dysfunction as well as the mechanisms behind this role. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat aortas were isolated and then co-treated in an organ bath with Hcy and TQ, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), apocynin, or Tempol to examine vascular function. Furthermore, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with Hcy and TQ, Tempol, apocynin, TUDCA or H2O2 to determine the cell viability via a phase contrast microscope and dye exclusion test. ER stress pathway involvement, ROS and NO bioavailability were investigated using immunoassays and fluorescence staining, respectively. The binding affinity of TQ to GRP78 has been identified using molecular docking. According to our findings, Hcy hindered endothelium-dependent relaxation in an isolated aorta and caused apoptosis in HUVECs. TQ, TUDCA, Tempol, and apocynin were able to counteract these negative effects. In HUVECs, treatment with TQ decreased ROS levels, increased NO bioavailability, and decreased GRP78 and NOX4 protein. According to the molecular docking study outcomes, TQ could attach to GRP78 effectively via a hydrogen bond and a hydrophobic connection to the amino acid at GRP78 ATP binding pocket. Taken together, the findings show that TQ protected endothelial function caused by Hcy via inhibiting ER stress-mediated ROS and eNOS uncoupling.
{"title":"Thymoquinone Reverses Homocysteine-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction Via Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Stress Induced Oxidative Stress Pathway","authors":"Siti Sarah M. Sofiullah, D. Murugan, Suhaila Abd Muid, Yuan Seng Wu, N. Zamakshshari, Quan Fu Gan, Melonney Patrick, Norasikin Ab Azis, S. Sirasanagandla, K. Choy","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5303-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5303-09","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperhomocysteinemia causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces endothelial dysfunction, the hallmark of cardiovascular diseases. Nigella sativa seeds contain thymoquinone (TQ), a cardioprotective bioactive component. Nevertheless, research on investigating the effectiveness of TQ in preventing endothelial dysfunction caused by homocysteine (Hcy) is scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to examine the role of TQ in restoring Hcy-induced endothelial dysfunction as well as the mechanisms behind this role. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat aortas were isolated and then co-treated in an organ bath with Hcy and TQ, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), apocynin, or Tempol to examine vascular function. Furthermore, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with Hcy and TQ, Tempol, apocynin, TUDCA or H2O2 to determine the cell viability via a phase contrast microscope and dye exclusion test. ER stress pathway involvement, ROS and NO bioavailability were investigated using immunoassays and fluorescence staining, respectively. The binding affinity of TQ to GRP78 has been identified using molecular docking. According to our findings, Hcy hindered endothelium-dependent relaxation in an isolated aorta and caused apoptosis in HUVECs. TQ, TUDCA, Tempol, and apocynin were able to counteract these negative effects. In HUVECs, treatment with TQ decreased ROS levels, increased NO bioavailability, and decreased GRP78 and NOX4 protein. According to the molecular docking study outcomes, TQ could attach to GRP78 effectively via a hydrogen bond and a hydrophobic connection to the amino acid at GRP78 ATP binding pocket. Taken together, the findings show that TQ protected endothelial function caused by Hcy via inhibiting ER stress-mediated ROS and eNOS uncoupling.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140361194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5303-10
S. Razak, A. Hanafiah, Asif Sukri, H. Neoh, Noraziah Mohamad Zin
cagPAI is an important pathogenic marker contributing to disease severity caused by H. pylori infection, encoding proteins for type four secretion systems (T4SS) and the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8) induction in infected host. The heterogeneity of cagPAI genes results in different clinical outcomes in H. pylori infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the functional diversity of cagPAI genes in clinical H. pylori strains isolated from patients with gastroduodenal diseases. Among the isolates investigated, 6 out of 27 (22.2%) harbor intact cagPAI, 3 strains (11.1%) have complete absence of cagPAI, and 18 strains (66.7%) contain a partially deleted island. IL-8 concentration is observed significantly higher among cagPAI-positive isolates (P = 0.045). Of note, IL-8 secretion in the gastric cells infected with H. pylori strains isolated from Malay patients was significantly higher than the gastric cells infected with the strains from non-Malay patients (P = 0.046). The secretion of IL-8 appears in similarly high among intact and partially deleted cagPAI isolates. East Asian cagA isolates induce a notably higher level of IL-8 than that of Western cagA. Inflammatory activities are observed and IL-8 concentration in the milder stage was found in significantly higher quantities than in the severe stage (P = 0.027). The ‘hummingbird’ phenotype was observed to cause severe effects in infected cells with cagPAI-intact H. pylori. The genetic variability of cagPAI isolates from multi-ethnicity patients may have unique implications for disease outcomes with respect to proinflammatory secretion.
{"title":"Functional Analysis of cag Pathogenicity Island Diversity in Helicobacter pylori Isolated from Multi-Ethnic Patients in Malaysia","authors":"S. Razak, A. Hanafiah, Asif Sukri, H. Neoh, Noraziah Mohamad Zin","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5303-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5303-10","url":null,"abstract":"cagPAI is an important pathogenic marker contributing to disease severity caused by H. pylori infection, encoding proteins for type four secretion systems (T4SS) and the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8) induction in infected host. The heterogeneity of cagPAI genes results in different clinical outcomes in H. pylori infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the functional diversity of cagPAI genes in clinical H. pylori strains isolated from patients with gastroduodenal diseases. Among the isolates investigated, 6 out of 27 (22.2%) harbor intact cagPAI, 3 strains (11.1%) have complete absence of cagPAI, and 18 strains (66.7%) contain a partially deleted island. IL-8 concentration is observed significantly higher among cagPAI-positive isolates (P = 0.045). Of note, IL-8 secretion in the gastric cells infected with H. pylori strains isolated from Malay patients was significantly higher than the gastric cells infected with the strains from non-Malay patients (P = 0.046). The secretion of IL-8 appears in similarly high among intact and partially deleted cagPAI isolates. East Asian cagA isolates induce a notably higher level of IL-8 than that of Western cagA. Inflammatory activities are observed and IL-8 concentration in the milder stage was found in significantly higher quantities than in the severe stage (P = 0.027). The ‘hummingbird’ phenotype was observed to cause severe effects in infected cells with cagPAI-intact H. pylori. The genetic variability of cagPAI isolates from multi-ethnicity patients may have unique implications for disease outcomes with respect to proinflammatory secretion.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5303-16
Mahfud Ibadi, Herry Purnomo, D. N. Vicarneltor, Heri Budi Wibowo, Muhamad Hananuputra Setianto, Y. Whulanza
When building spacecraft structures, it is crucial to use lightweight and high-strength composite materials with the necessary characteristics. Aerospace applications benefit significantly from the exceptional properties of carbon/epoxy composite materials. As part of a study on composite materials, this work focuses on exploring the thermo-mechanical properties of carbon fiber. The matrix used in this research is LY-5052 epoxy, applied through a vacuum infusion technique. To achieve optimal composite properties, various tests are conducted to evaluate its thermo-mechanical behavior. These tests may include measuring Thermal Conductivity and performing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Most importantly, the composite is subjected to tensile testing at room temperature to 200 °C. This is done because most tensile tests on carbon/LY5052 composites are carried out at room temperature. The results obtained from the measurement of the thermal conductivity of the carbon/LY5052 composite were 0.419 W/mK; from the Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), the carbon/LY5052 composite began to decompose at a temperature of 365.63 °C and the tensile test was carried out simultaneously with variations in temperature from room temperature, 50 °C, 100 °C, 150 °C and 200 °C have tensile strengths of 553, 507, 340, 266, and 242 MPa, respectively. This trend confirms that strength decreases with higher temperature loads. Several image observations are also presented in this report to understand composite materials' failure behavior at these various temperatures.
{"title":"Investigation of Thermomechanical Analysis of Carbon/Epoxy Composite for Spacecraft Structure Material","authors":"Mahfud Ibadi, Herry Purnomo, D. N. Vicarneltor, Heri Budi Wibowo, Muhamad Hananuputra Setianto, Y. Whulanza","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5303-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5303-16","url":null,"abstract":"When building spacecraft structures, it is crucial to use lightweight and high-strength composite materials with the necessary characteristics. Aerospace applications benefit significantly from the exceptional properties of carbon/epoxy composite materials. As part of a study on composite materials, this work focuses on exploring the thermo-mechanical properties of carbon fiber. The matrix used in this research is LY-5052 epoxy, applied through a vacuum infusion technique. To achieve optimal composite properties, various tests are conducted to evaluate its thermo-mechanical behavior. These tests may include measuring Thermal Conductivity and performing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Most importantly, the composite is subjected to tensile testing at room temperature to 200 °C. This is done because most tensile tests on carbon/LY5052 composites are carried out at room temperature. The results obtained from the measurement of the thermal conductivity of the carbon/LY5052 composite were 0.419 W/mK; from the Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), the carbon/LY5052 composite began to decompose at a temperature of 365.63 °C and the tensile test was carried out simultaneously with variations in temperature from room temperature, 50 °C, 100 °C, 150 °C and 200 °C have tensile strengths of 553, 507, 340, 266, and 242 MPa, respectively. This trend confirms that strength decreases with higher temperature loads. Several image observations are also presented in this report to understand composite materials' failure behavior at these various temperatures.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140361371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-11
Najla’ Shakirah Ab Halim, Sheril June Ankasha, Aslah Nabilah Abdull Sukor, N. N. Mohamad Anuar, Norhazlina Abdul Wahab, Shahidee Zainal Abidin, A. Ugusman, Adila A. Hamid
Angiogenesis is a physiological, tightly regulated process which is characterized by the development of new blood vessels. Compounds with the potential to control angiogenesis would be highly valuable as therapeutics, as an imbalance in angiogenesis may lead to several pathological disorders, including cancer, retinopathy, and arthritis. In this study, the anti-angiogenic effect of Polygonum sp. has been comprehensively reviewed and this plant also has been known to possess other medicinal benefits such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-tumor agents. Hence, this study systematically identified the evidence reporting the anti-angiogenic effects of Polygonum sp. Four electronic databases, namely PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles. Based on the pre-set eligibility criteria, 50 relevant articles were identified, and ten qualified articles were selected and reviewed. It was demonstrated that four namely P. cuspidatum, P. barbatum, P. hydropiper, and P. perfoliatum showed anti-angiogenic activities mainly through inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor-signaling pathways. Therefore, these species Polygonum have the potential to be developed as natural anti-angiogenic agents for prevention and treatment of various diseases related to pathological angiogenesis.
血管生成是一个受到严格调控的生理过程，其特点是新生血管的发育。由于血管生成失衡可能导致多种病理疾病，包括癌症、视网膜病变和关节炎，因此具有控制血管生成潜力的化合物将极具治疗价值。本研究对何首乌的抗血管生成作用进行了全面综述，同时还发现这种植物还具有其他药用价值，如抗氧化、抗炎、抗增殖和抗肿瘤等。因此，本研究系统地确定了报道何首乌抗血管生成作用的证据。研究人员在 PubMed、Ovid MEDLINE、Scopus 和 Web of Science 四个电子数据库中搜索了相关文章。根据预先设定的资格标准，确定了 50 篇相关文章，并选择和审查了 10 篇合格文章。结果表明，P. cuspidatum、P. barbatum、P. hydropiper 和 P. perfoliatum 四种蓼属植物主要通过抑制血管内皮生长因子信号通路而表现出抗血管生成活性。因此，这些何首乌物种有可能被开发为天然抗血管生成剂，用于预防和治疗与病理性血管生成有关的各种疾病。
{"title":"Anti-Angiogenic Effect of Polygonum Species: A Comprehensive Review of Literature","authors":"Najla’ Shakirah Ab Halim, Sheril June Ankasha, Aslah Nabilah Abdull Sukor, N. N. Mohamad Anuar, Norhazlina Abdul Wahab, Shahidee Zainal Abidin, A. Ugusman, Adila A. Hamid","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-11","url":null,"abstract":"Angiogenesis is a physiological, tightly regulated process which is characterized by the development of new blood vessels. Compounds with the potential to control angiogenesis would be highly valuable as therapeutics, as an imbalance in angiogenesis may lead to several pathological disorders, including cancer, retinopathy, and arthritis. In this study, the anti-angiogenic effect of Polygonum sp. has been comprehensively reviewed and this plant also has been known to possess other medicinal benefits such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-tumor agents. Hence, this study systematically identified the evidence reporting the anti-angiogenic effects of Polygonum sp. Four electronic databases, namely PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles. Based on the pre-set eligibility criteria, 50 relevant articles were identified, and ten qualified articles were selected and reviewed. It was demonstrated that four namely P. cuspidatum, P. barbatum, P. hydropiper, and P. perfoliatum showed anti-angiogenic activities mainly through inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor-signaling pathways. Therefore, these species Polygonum have the potential to be developed as natural anti-angiogenic agents for prevention and treatment of various diseases related to pathological angiogenesis.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140410967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent advances in astaxanthin encapsulation have been reported, but hepatotoxic effect remains unclear. The present investigation therefore aimed to examine the effects of encapsulated astaxanthin from white shrimp shells (Litopenaeus vannamei) on liver toxicity. Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups as control (C), and receiving vitamin E (VE), astaxanthin commercial (AC), astaxanthin extracted from white shrimp shells (AE), astaxanthin encapsulation into powder form (AP), and blank powder (BP). The evaluation of liver in response to astaxanthin administration was then assessed in terms of biochemical parameters and histopathological features. Liver enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), showed no significant differences among all groups of treatment. Histopathological study showed no abnormal changes on liver tissue including hepatic inflammation. Our data demonstrated that astaxanthin encapsulation did not increase the expression of NF-ҡB nuclear translocation and CYP2E1 in comparison with the control group. Additionally, in this study, the consumption of astaxanthin and vitamin E resulted in a reduction in the oxidative stress index (OSI), while the levels of antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were significantly increased compared to the control group. Our data suggested that astaxanthin encapsulation does not cause hepatic toxicity, contributing useful information in the applications of astaxanthin encapsulation technology.
最近有报道称虾青素封装技术取得了进展，但其肝毒性作用仍不明确。因此，本研究旨在探讨从白虾壳（Litopenaeus vannamei）中提取的虾青素对肝脏毒性的影响。将Wistar大鼠分为6组，分别为对照组（C）、维生素E组（VE）、虾青素商品组（AC）、从白虾壳中提取的虾青素组（AE）、虾青素胶囊粉末组（AP）和空白粉末组（BP）。然后从生化参数和组织病理学特征方面评估肝脏对服用虾青素的反应。肝酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）和丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）在各组治疗中无明显差异。组织病理学研究显示，肝脏组织没有异常变化，包括肝脏炎症。我们的数据表明，与对照组相比，虾青素封装不会增加 NF-ҡB 核转位和 CYP2E1 的表达。此外，在本研究中，与对照组相比，服用虾青素和维生素 E 可降低氧化应激指数（OSI），而谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）等抗氧化酶的水平则显著提高。我们的数据表明，虾青素封装不会引起肝毒性，这为虾青素封装技术的应用提供了有用的信息。
{"title":"Evaluation of Encapsulated Astaxanthin from White Shrimp Shells (Litopenaeus vannamei) on Hepatotoxicity","authors":"Niracha Yanyium, Wanida Sukketsiri, Pennapa Chonpathompikunlert, W. Klaypradit, Jirawat Saetan, Sebastien Marais, Supita Tanasawet","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-01","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in astaxanthin encapsulation have been reported, but hepatotoxic effect remains unclear. The present investigation therefore aimed to examine the effects of encapsulated astaxanthin from white shrimp shells (Litopenaeus vannamei) on liver toxicity. Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups as control (C), and receiving vitamin E (VE), astaxanthin commercial (AC), astaxanthin extracted from white shrimp shells (AE), astaxanthin encapsulation into powder form (AP), and blank powder (BP). The evaluation of liver in response to astaxanthin administration was then assessed in terms of biochemical parameters and histopathological features. Liver enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), showed no significant differences among all groups of treatment. Histopathological study showed no abnormal changes on liver tissue including hepatic inflammation. Our data demonstrated that astaxanthin encapsulation did not increase the expression of NF-ҡB nuclear translocation and CYP2E1 in comparison with the control group. Additionally, in this study, the consumption of astaxanthin and vitamin E resulted in a reduction in the oxidative stress index (OSI), while the levels of antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were significantly increased compared to the control group. Our data suggested that astaxanthin encapsulation does not cause hepatic toxicity, contributing useful information in the applications of astaxanthin encapsulation technology.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-02
D. S. Badriah, Dewi Pramanik, S. Kartikaningrum, Minangsari Dewanti, Mawaddah Mawaddah, S. Suryawati, Eka Fibrianty, Agus Muharam, Kurniawan Budiarto
The floriculture industry has rapidly developed in Indonesia. One of the potential genera of orchids is Phalaenopsis. New varieties must be developed to compete with imported ones. Genetic improvement of Phalaenopsis has been carried out through interspecific and intergeneric crossing - the crossing between P. I Hsin Bee x P. pulcherrima var. champorensis is dedicated to introduce harlequin type to P. pulcherrima. Forty progenies of the first generation (F1) and their parents are used for the characterization and evaluation. The results show that P. pulcherrima is more dominant (50%) in flower shape and color based on the progeny composition. The introduction of the harlequin type into P. pulcherrima is indicated by 35% of progenies have dark colour at the flower and matched with the spotted pattern of the female parent, indicating that the female contributed partially to the respected traits. The progenies are divided into five distinct groups based on nine qualitative characteristics. Three progenies, namely D829-4, D829-6, and D829-8, are considered to have prominent features, such as more stable and symmetric coalescence of red-brownish blotches on the flowers, representing harlequin type than other progenies. These progenies will potentially be developed to be commercial varieties.
印度尼西亚的花卉栽培业发展迅速。蝴蝶兰是具有潜力的兰花品种之一。必须培育新品种才能与进口品种竞争。蝴蝶兰的遗传改良是通过种间杂交和属间杂交进行的--P. I Hsin Bee x P. pulcherrima var.第一代（F1）的 40 个后代及其亲本被用于特征描述和评估。结果表明，根据亲本的组成，P. pulcherrima 在花形和花色方面更具优势（50%）。35% 的后代花朵颜色较深，与雌性亲本的花斑图案相吻合，这表明雌性亲本对 P. pulcherrima 的特征有部分贡献。根据九个质量特征，后代被分为五个不同的组。三个后代，即 D829-4、D829-6 和 D829-8，被认为比其他后代具有更突出的特征，如花朵上的红褐色斑点更稳定、更对称，代表了哈雷型。这些后代有可能发展成为商业品种。
{"title":"Progeny Evaluation from The Crossing of Novelty-Type Phalaenopsis I Hsin Bee X Phalaenopsis pulcherrima var. champorensis","authors":"D. S. Badriah, Dewi Pramanik, S. Kartikaningrum, Minangsari Dewanti, Mawaddah Mawaddah, S. Suryawati, Eka Fibrianty, Agus Muharam, Kurniawan Budiarto","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-02","url":null,"abstract":"The floriculture industry has rapidly developed in Indonesia. One of the potential genera of orchids is Phalaenopsis. New varieties must be developed to compete with imported ones. Genetic improvement of Phalaenopsis has been carried out through interspecific and intergeneric crossing - the crossing between P. I Hsin Bee x P. pulcherrima var. champorensis is dedicated to introduce harlequin type to P. pulcherrima. Forty progenies of the first generation (F1) and their parents are used for the characterization and evaluation. The results show that P. pulcherrima is more dominant (50%) in flower shape and color based on the progeny composition. The introduction of the harlequin type into P. pulcherrima is indicated by 35% of progenies have dark colour at the flower and matched with the spotted pattern of the female parent, indicating that the female contributed partially to the respected traits. The progenies are divided into five distinct groups based on nine qualitative characteristics. Three progenies, namely D829-4, D829-6, and D829-8, are considered to have prominent features, such as more stable and symmetric coalescence of red-brownish blotches on the flowers, representing harlequin type than other progenies. These progenies will potentially be developed to be commercial varieties.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-12
Y. Wu, Sheryar Afzal, V. Appalaraju, Tan Qi Wei, Aimi Syamima Abdul Manap, Ibrahim Albokhadaim
Dengue is one of the most widespread arthropod-borne viral diseases that cause negative impact globally. Presently, no effective drug is available to safeguard people against dengue. Ficus deltoidea is Malaysia's famous traditional herb belonging to Moraceae family due to its pharmacological potential. F. deltoidea leaves (FDL) were extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Cell cytotoxicity study using MTT assay measuring the formazan absorbance was conducted to determine maximum non-toxic concentration on Vero cells. The antiviral activities of various concentrations of FDL extracts were assessed using virus reduction neutralisation tests against dengue virus type 2. The CC20 value of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol FDL extracts were 2.99 ± 0.31, 22.15 ± 2.39, and 25.22 ± 0.42 µg/mL, respectively. Methanol FDL extract at maximum non-toxic concentration exerted strongest direct extracellular virucidal effect against DENV-2. In cell protection assay, ethyl acetate FDL extract achieved highest reduction in viral infectivity (98.17%), whereas n-hexane FDL extract showed strongest inhibition in DENV-2 viral replication in post-infection assay. Methanol FDL extract showed highest selectivity index value in direct virus inhibition, cell protection and post-infection assay. Conclusively, FDL extracts, especially methanol FDL showed potential antiviral activity against DENV-2, thus considered as promising anti-dengue agent.
{"title":"Evaluation for Antiviral Potential of Ficus deltoidea Against Dengue Virus Type-2","authors":"Y. Wu, Sheryar Afzal, V. Appalaraju, Tan Qi Wei, Aimi Syamima Abdul Manap, Ibrahim Albokhadaim","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-12","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue is one of the most widespread arthropod-borne viral diseases that cause negative impact globally. Presently, no effective drug is available to safeguard people against dengue. Ficus deltoidea is Malaysia's famous traditional herb belonging to Moraceae family due to its pharmacological potential. F. deltoidea leaves (FDL) were extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Cell cytotoxicity study using MTT assay measuring the formazan absorbance was conducted to determine maximum non-toxic concentration on Vero cells. The antiviral activities of various concentrations of FDL extracts were assessed using virus reduction neutralisation tests against dengue virus type 2. The CC20 value of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol FDL extracts were 2.99 ± 0.31, 22.15 ± 2.39, and 25.22 ± 0.42 µg/mL, respectively. Methanol FDL extract at maximum non-toxic concentration exerted strongest direct extracellular virucidal effect against DENV-2. In cell protection assay, ethyl acetate FDL extract achieved highest reduction in viral infectivity (98.17%), whereas n-hexane FDL extract showed strongest inhibition in DENV-2 viral replication in post-infection assay. Methanol FDL extract showed highest selectivity index value in direct virus inhibition, cell protection and post-infection assay. Conclusively, FDL extracts, especially methanol FDL showed potential antiviral activity against DENV-2, thus considered as promising anti-dengue agent.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140409943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-17
Syamsiah Abu Bakar, S. Hussain, Zirour Mourad
Density is an important property for the production of high-quality degradable plastics. Density is useful to determine the type of plastic material and to detect physical changes in the plastic material. In this paper, a novel technique for predicting the density of degradable plastics using Deep Neural Networks (DNN) is presented. The aim was to reduce the dimension of the inputs in order to establish a strong relationship between the inputs using principal component analysis (PCA). The results show that the combination of polyethylene, oil palm biomass, starch and palm oil has a greater impact on predicting the density of degradable plastics. Subsequently, the number of hidden neurons is determined by a coarse-to-fine search to develop the network topology of the DNN model for predicting the density of degradable plastics. The developed DNN model consists of 4 input neurons, 62 neurons in the first hidden layer, 31 neurons in the second hidden layer and one output neuron. The developed DNN model showed high accuracy with the lowest values for RMSE, MAE and MSE, indicating that the use of a DNN model is a suitable method for predicting the density of degradable plastics. Furthermore, this study has the potential to make rapid and accurate predictions about the physical properties of degradable plastics in the context of polymers.
{"title":"Optimizing Degradable Plastic Density Prediction: A Coarse-to-Fine Deep Neural Network Approach","authors":"Syamsiah Abu Bakar, S. Hussain, Zirour Mourad","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-17","url":null,"abstract":"Density is an important property for the production of high-quality degradable plastics. Density is useful to determine the type of plastic material and to detect physical changes in the plastic material. In this paper, a novel technique for predicting the density of degradable plastics using Deep Neural Networks (DNN) is presented. The aim was to reduce the dimension of the inputs in order to establish a strong relationship between the inputs using principal component analysis (PCA). The results show that the combination of polyethylene, oil palm biomass, starch and palm oil has a greater impact on predicting the density of degradable plastics. Subsequently, the number of hidden neurons is determined by a coarse-to-fine search to develop the network topology of the DNN model for predicting the density of degradable plastics. The developed DNN model consists of 4 input neurons, 62 neurons in the first hidden layer, 31 neurons in the second hidden layer and one output neuron. The developed DNN model showed high accuracy with the lowest values for RMSE, MAE and MSE, indicating that the use of a DNN model is a suitable method for predicting the density of degradable plastics. Furthermore, this study has the potential to make rapid and accurate predictions about the physical properties of degradable plastics in the context of polymers.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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