Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-03
Norhayati-Aida Sulaiman, Azman Abdullah, Z. C. Thent, Qodriyah Haji Mohd Saad
Virgin coconut oil (VCO) and palm tocotrienol (TT) possess cholesterol-regulating properties, but their combined effects remained unexplored. Thus, this study aims to determine their individual and combination effects on lipid parameters in ovariectomised (OVX) rats on hypercholesterolemic diet. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomised except for the sham group, assigned into (i) sham-operated fed with basal rat diet, (ii) OVX control, (iii) V1 (OVX + VCO 1.43 mL/kg), (iv) V2 (OVX + VCO 4.29 mL/kg), (v) TT (OVX + TT 30 mg/kg), (vi) V1+TT (OVX + VCO 1.43 mL/kg + TT 30 mg/kg) and (vii) V2+TT (OVX + VCO 4.29 mL/kg + TT 30 mg/kg). Groups (ii) to (vii) were fed with 2% cholesterol mixed with five-time heated palm oil. VCO and TT alone or in combination reduced food intake, visceral fat weight, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and HMG-CoA reductase activity significantly (p<0.05 vs the OVX control). HDL was reduced significantly in V1, V2, and V1+TT compared to the TT and V2+TT (p<0.05). The increase in LDL was the lowest in V1 compared to other groups (p<0.05). V2 and TT significantly reduced total cholesterol compared to other supplementations (p<0.05). All supplementations were found to reduce triglyceride compared to the OVX control group (p<0.05). The increase in apolipoprotein A was higher in V2+TT than other groups (p<0.05). The reduction in apolipoprotein B was higher in V1+TT and V2+TT than the V1, V2 and TT. VCO and TT exerted beneficial effects on lipid parameters, but the efficacy was not better than individual agents.
{"title":"Virgin Coconut Oil and Palm Tocotrienol Supplementation: Effects on Lipid Parameters of Experimental Rats","authors":"Norhayati-Aida Sulaiman, Azman Abdullah, Z. C. Thent, Qodriyah Haji Mohd Saad","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-03","url":null,"abstract":"Virgin coconut oil (VCO) and palm tocotrienol (TT) possess cholesterol-regulating properties, but their combined effects remained unexplored. Thus, this study aims to determine their individual and combination effects on lipid parameters in ovariectomised (OVX) rats on hypercholesterolemic diet. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomised except for the sham group, assigned into (i) sham-operated fed with basal rat diet, (ii) OVX control, (iii) V1 (OVX + VCO 1.43 mL/kg), (iv) V2 (OVX + VCO 4.29 mL/kg), (v) TT (OVX + TT 30 mg/kg), (vi) V1+TT (OVX + VCO 1.43 mL/kg + TT 30 mg/kg) and (vii) V2+TT (OVX + VCO 4.29 mL/kg + TT 30 mg/kg). Groups (ii) to (vii) were fed with 2% cholesterol mixed with five-time heated palm oil. VCO and TT alone or in combination reduced food intake, visceral fat weight, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and HMG-CoA reductase activity significantly (p<0.05 vs the OVX control). HDL was reduced significantly in V1, V2, and V1+TT compared to the TT and V2+TT (p<0.05). The increase in LDL was the lowest in V1 compared to other groups (p<0.05). V2 and TT significantly reduced total cholesterol compared to other supplementations (p<0.05). All supplementations were found to reduce triglyceride compared to the OVX control group (p<0.05). The increase in apolipoprotein A was higher in V2+TT than other groups (p<0.05). The reduction in apolipoprotein B was higher in V1+TT and V2+TT than the V1, V2 and TT. VCO and TT exerted beneficial effects on lipid parameters, but the efficacy was not better than individual agents.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-07
Heny Herawati, Fetriyuna Fetriyuna, Iceu Agustinisari, Indah Kurniasari, Novitri Hastuti, F. R. Eris, F. Kusnandar, M. Bachtiar
Rice and corn flour can be used for gluten-free bread using a number of food hydrocolloids to improve the physicochemical properties closer to wheat products. This research aims to observe the effect of different types of food hydrocolloids, namely xanthan gum, glucomannan, carrageenan and CMC (Carboxymethyl Cellulose) on the physicochemical characteristics of gluten-free bread made from rice and corn flour. This research used a completely randomized design with two replications. This research observed the application of hydrocolloids to the formulation of gluten-free bread. The optimal increase in hydrocolloid concentration was determined to be 1 g for both CMC and carrageenan in both corn and rice flour. The highest addition of 1 g CMC in gluten-free bread made from corn flour, resulted in a specific volume of 3.422 cm3/g. The best gluten-free corn bread after drying contains a composition of 5.73% moisture content, 1.89% ash content, 17.34% fat content, 9.37% protein content, 65.67% carbohydrate content, and energy of 456.22 Kcal.
{"title":"Applications of Hydrocolloids and Its Effects on Physicochemical Characteristics of Gluten-free Bread from Corn and Rice Flour","authors":"Heny Herawati, Fetriyuna Fetriyuna, Iceu Agustinisari, Indah Kurniasari, Novitri Hastuti, F. R. Eris, F. Kusnandar, M. Bachtiar","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-07","url":null,"abstract":"Rice and corn flour can be used for gluten-free bread using a number of food hydrocolloids to improve the physicochemical properties closer to wheat products. This research aims to observe the effect of different types of food hydrocolloids, namely xanthan gum, glucomannan, carrageenan and CMC (Carboxymethyl Cellulose) on the physicochemical characteristics of gluten-free bread made from rice and corn flour. This research used a completely randomized design with two replications. This research observed the application of hydrocolloids to the formulation of gluten-free bread. The optimal increase in hydrocolloid concentration was determined to be 1 g for both CMC and carrageenan in both corn and rice flour. The highest addition of 1 g CMC in gluten-free bread made from corn flour, resulted in a specific volume of 3.422 cm3/g. The best gluten-free corn bread after drying contains a composition of 5.73% moisture content, 1.89% ash content, 17.34% fat content, 9.37% protein content, 65.67% carbohydrate content, and energy of 456.22 Kcal.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140415526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-13
Agik Priyo Nusantoro, K. Kuntaman, D. S. Perdanakusuma
Prolonged and excessive inflammatory processes at the wound site result in delayed healing of diabetic wounds. Allicin and quercetin have significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and increased levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in rats. However, there is no known investigation on the combination of both compounds on TNF-α, TGF-β, and VEGF as a topical healing agent via inflammatory mechanisms. This study aims to determine the synergistic interaction between topical application of allicin and quercetin in enhancing diabetic wound healing via inflammatory in Wistar rats. A total of 45 male Wistar rats weighing 180-250 g were induced diabetes by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg bw). Diabetic rats underwent wound creation under anaesthesia and a square-shaped open excision wound was made with a full-thickness measurement of 1 cm × 1 cm on the right side of the rat's back. Rats were randomly allocated into group namely, vehicle control, allicin, quercetin, and a combination of allicin and quercetin which is applied topically once a day at a dose of 10 mg/mL for 7 days. Our finding showed that once daily topical application of allicin and quercetin, both independently and synergistically, increased levels of TGF-β and VEGF, as well as decreased levels of TNF-α of the rat diabetic wound model compared with the vehicle control group over 7th day. The synergistic effects of allicin and quercetin significantly enhanced diabetic wound healing via inflammation in rats, by suppressing inflammatory cytokines and stimulating growth factors hence offering a new window of an experimental study.
{"title":"Synergistic Interaction between Topical Application of Allicin and Quercetin Enhances Diabetic Wound Healing Via Inflammatory in Wistar Rats","authors":"Agik Priyo Nusantoro, K. Kuntaman, D. S. Perdanakusuma","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-13","url":null,"abstract":"Prolonged and excessive inflammatory processes at the wound site result in delayed healing of diabetic wounds. Allicin and quercetin have significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and increased levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in rats. However, there is no known investigation on the combination of both compounds on TNF-α, TGF-β, and VEGF as a topical healing agent via inflammatory mechanisms. This study aims to determine the synergistic interaction between topical application of allicin and quercetin in enhancing diabetic wound healing via inflammatory in Wistar rats. A total of 45 male Wistar rats weighing 180-250 g were induced diabetes by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg bw). Diabetic rats underwent wound creation under anaesthesia and a square-shaped open excision wound was made with a full-thickness measurement of 1 cm × 1 cm on the right side of the rat's back. Rats were randomly allocated into group namely, vehicle control, allicin, quercetin, and a combination of allicin and quercetin which is applied topically once a day at a dose of 10 mg/mL for 7 days. Our finding showed that once daily topical application of allicin and quercetin, both independently and synergistically, increased levels of TGF-β and VEGF, as well as decreased levels of TNF-α of the rat diabetic wound model compared with the vehicle control group over 7th day. The synergistic effects of allicin and quercetin significantly enhanced diabetic wound healing via inflammation in rats, by suppressing inflammatory cytokines and stimulating growth factors hence offering a new window of an experimental study.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140409918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-15
H. Fadhlina, A. Atiqah, Zalita Zainuddin, Nur Shakila Othman, Solehah Ali, Nor Amalina
The invention of novel lead-free piezoelectric materials with ABO3 perovskite structure, based on barium calcium zirconate titanate (BCZT) for application in various device especially in sensor application. In this work, BCZT with lithium substitution at the calcium site with composition Ba0.85Ca0.15-xLi2xZr0.1Ti0.9O3 (x = 0.00, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09 and 0.12) were synthesized by using the conventional, solid state reaction method. The influence of different Li content on the structure, microstructure, density, and electrical properties were investigated. The results show that substitution led to the improvement of the physical and electrical properties of the piezoelectric ceramic materials. The physical properties show the largest grain size and the highest value of density, ρ which is 4.158 g/cm3 for x = 0.06. This physical properties led to the highest value of piezoelectric coefficient, d33, remnant polarisation, Pr and saturated polarization, Ps which are 304.6 pC/N, 3.27 µC/cm2, and 5.54 µC/cm2, respectively, while the highest dielectric constant, ɛr was 3994 when x = 0.12.
{"title":"Kesan Penggantian Litium ke atas Struktur, Sifat Fizikal dan Sifat Elektrik terhadap Seramik BCZT","authors":"H. Fadhlina, A. Atiqah, Zalita Zainuddin, Nur Shakila Othman, Solehah Ali, Nor Amalina","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-15","url":null,"abstract":"The invention of novel lead-free piezoelectric materials with ABO3 perovskite structure, based on barium calcium zirconate titanate (BCZT) for application in various device especially in sensor application. In this work, BCZT with lithium substitution at the calcium site with composition Ba0.85Ca0.15-xLi2xZr0.1Ti0.9O3 (x = 0.00, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09 and 0.12) were synthesized by using the conventional, solid state reaction method. The influence of different Li content on the structure, microstructure, density, and electrical properties were investigated. The results show that substitution led to the improvement of the physical and electrical properties of the piezoelectric ceramic materials. The physical properties show the largest grain size and the highest value of density, ρ which is 4.158 g/cm3 for x = 0.06. This physical properties led to the highest value of piezoelectric coefficient, d33, remnant polarisation, Pr and saturated polarization, Ps which are 304.6 pC/N, 3.27 µC/cm2, and 5.54 µC/cm2, respectively, while the highest dielectric constant, ɛr was 3994 when x = 0.12.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140414448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-14
Muhammad Nauval Farras Russamsi, Firman Joshua Nainggolan, Triati Dewi Kencana Wungu, S. Suprijadi
Iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3) pillarized Na-montmorillonite (NaMMT) was prepared by ion-exchanging and calcining three different concentrations (0.025, 0.05, and 0.075 M) of Fe(OH)3 with NaMMT. The obtained materials were then examined for its ability to capture carbon dioxide, using thermogravimetric methods. The structural, compositional, and textural changes caused by pillarization were also examined using XRD, XRF, FTIR, and BET-BJH. The results showed that NaMMT-0.025 (pillared using 0.025 M of Fe(OH)3) and NaMMT-0.075 exhibit superior adsorption capacity compared to NaMMT, with NaMMT-0.025 having the greatest capacity. By contrast, NaMMT-0.05 registers a decrease in the amount of CO2 adsorbed, compared to NaMMT. Using XRF, it was shown that the amount of Fe2O3 present in the samples correspond to the concentration of Fe(OH)3 used in ion-exchange. XRD results shows that the interlayer space of NaMMT barely changed after addition of Fe2O3. Using FTIR, successful pillarization of Fe2O3 is confirmed, and by combining it with BET-BJH, it shows that addition of Fe2O3 could enhance carbon capture by creating favourable pore structures. Overall, it shows that adding an appropriate amount of Fe2O3 to montmorillonite will enhance CO2 adsorption.
{"title":"Carbon Dioxide Adsorption on Iron (III) Oxide Pillarized Na-Montmorillonite","authors":"Muhammad Nauval Farras Russamsi, Firman Joshua Nainggolan, Triati Dewi Kencana Wungu, S. Suprijadi","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-14","url":null,"abstract":"Iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3) pillarized Na-montmorillonite (NaMMT) was prepared by ion-exchanging and calcining three different concentrations (0.025, 0.05, and 0.075 M) of Fe(OH)3 with NaMMT. The obtained materials were then examined for its ability to capture carbon dioxide, using thermogravimetric methods. The structural, compositional, and textural changes caused by pillarization were also examined using XRD, XRF, FTIR, and BET-BJH. The results showed that NaMMT-0.025 (pillared using 0.025 M of Fe(OH)3) and NaMMT-0.075 exhibit superior adsorption capacity compared to NaMMT, with NaMMT-0.025 having the greatest capacity. By contrast, NaMMT-0.05 registers a decrease in the amount of CO2 adsorbed, compared to NaMMT. Using XRF, it was shown that the amount of Fe2O3 present in the samples correspond to the concentration of Fe(OH)3 used in ion-exchange. XRD results shows that the interlayer space of NaMMT barely changed after addition of Fe2O3. Using FTIR, successful pillarization of Fe2O3 is confirmed, and by combining it with BET-BJH, it shows that addition of Fe2O3 could enhance carbon capture by creating favourable pore structures. Overall, it shows that adding an appropriate amount of Fe2O3 to montmorillonite will enhance CO2 adsorption.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140415194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-18
Muhammad Aslam Mohd Safari, N. Masseran, Mohd Azmi Haron
An evolved form of Pareto distribution, the new Pareto-type distribution, offers an alternative model for data with heavy-tailed characteristics. This investigation examines and discusses fourteen diverse estimators for the tail index of the new Pareto-type, including estimators such as maximum likelihood, method of moments, maximum product of spacing, its modified version, ordinary least squares, weighted least squares, percentile, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anderson-Darling, its modified version, Cramér-von Mises, and Zhang's variants of the previous three. Using Monte Carlo simulations, the effectiveness of these estimators is compared both with and without the presence of outliers. The findings show that, without outliers, the maximum product of spacing, its modified version, and maximum likelihood are the most effective estimators. In contrast, with outliers present, the top performers are Cramér-von Mises, ordinary least squares, and weighted least squares. The study further introduces a graphical method called the new Pareto-type quantile plot for validating the new Pareto-type assumptions and outlines a stepwise process to identify the optimal threshold for this distribution. Concluding the study, the new Pareto-type distribution is employed to model the high-end household income data from Italy and Malaysia, leveraging all the methodologies proposed.
{"title":"Examining Tail Index Estimators in New Pareto Distribution: Monte Carlo Simulations and Income Data Applications","authors":"Muhammad Aslam Mohd Safari, N. Masseran, Mohd Azmi Haron","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-18","url":null,"abstract":"An evolved form of Pareto distribution, the new Pareto-type distribution, offers an alternative model for data with heavy-tailed characteristics. This investigation examines and discusses fourteen diverse estimators for the tail index of the new Pareto-type, including estimators such as maximum likelihood, method of moments, maximum product of spacing, its modified version, ordinary least squares, weighted least squares, percentile, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anderson-Darling, its modified version, Cramér-von Mises, and Zhang's variants of the previous three. Using Monte Carlo simulations, the effectiveness of these estimators is compared both with and without the presence of outliers. The findings show that, without outliers, the maximum product of spacing, its modified version, and maximum likelihood are the most effective estimators. In contrast, with outliers present, the top performers are Cramér-von Mises, ordinary least squares, and weighted least squares. The study further introduces a graphical method called the new Pareto-type quantile plot for validating the new Pareto-type assumptions and outlines a stepwise process to identify the optimal threshold for this distribution. Concluding the study, the new Pareto-type distribution is employed to model the high-end household income data from Italy and Malaysia, leveraging all the methodologies proposed.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study introduces heteroatom-doped carbon dots (CDs), namely boron-sulphur (BS-CDs) and nitrogen-phosphorus (NP-CDs), highlighting their potential as optical materials for sensitive histamine detection in sensor applications. Synthesized through facile pyrolysis of citric acid cores with non-metal dopants, resulting in confirmed graphene-like structures and uniform spheres with crystal diameters below 3 nm of BS-CDs and NP-CDs. The optical properties exhibited blue fluorescence, with emission wavelengths of 280 nm (QY 0.08%) and 420 nm (QY 1.72%) for BS-CDs and NP-CDs, respectively. Despite declined fluorescence intensities due to interfering components, both CDs demonstrated low selectivity for histamine, which increased the intensity in its presence. Notably, BS-CDs exhibited superior detectability of histamine at a low concentration of 26.3 ppm compared to 42.8 ppm for NP-CDs. Cytotoxicity studies indicated low toxicity for both CDs, positioning them as promising candidates for further development as histamine detectors
{"title":"Advance Heteroatom Dopants Nitrogen, Boron, Sulphur and Phosphorus on Carbon Dots Towards Histamine Detection in Fish Sample","authors":"Mochamad Zakki Fahmi, Siti Febtria Asrini Sugito, Nadia Aulia Hanifah, Ummi Lathifah Nur’aini, Bambang Purwanto, Hwei Voon Lee","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-09","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces heteroatom-doped carbon dots (CDs), namely boron-sulphur (BS-CDs) and nitrogen-phosphorus (NP-CDs), highlighting their potential as optical materials for sensitive histamine detection in sensor applications. Synthesized through facile pyrolysis of citric acid cores with non-metal dopants, resulting in confirmed graphene-like structures and uniform spheres with crystal diameters below 3 nm of BS-CDs and NP-CDs. The optical properties exhibited blue fluorescence, with emission wavelengths of 280 nm (QY 0.08%) and 420 nm (QY 1.72%) for BS-CDs and NP-CDs, respectively. Despite declined fluorescence intensities due to interfering components, both CDs demonstrated low selectivity for histamine, which increased the intensity in its presence. Notably, BS-CDs exhibited superior detectability of histamine at a low concentration of 26.3 ppm compared to 42.8 ppm for NP-CDs. Cytotoxicity studies indicated low toxicity for both CDs, positioning them as promising candidates for further development as histamine detectors","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140408282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-05
Xiang Ting Low, Tengku Farizan Izzi Che Ku Jusoh, Haslaniza Hashima
Stemona curtisii atau juga dikenali sebagai pokok Galak Tua adalah herba daripada famili Stemonaceae yang digunakan dalam perawatan tradisi. Matlamat penyelidikan ini adalah untuk mengkaji kesan pengekstrakan menggunakan pelarut yang berbeza terhadap ciri fizikokimia, kandungan fenol dan aktiviti antioksida daun S. curtisii. Dalam kajian ini, jenis pelarut (metanol, etanol dan aseton) dan kepekatan pelarut yang berbeza (50%, 80% dan 100%) digunakan untuk mengekstrak sebatian fenol daripada sampel daun. Untuk penentuan ciri fizikokimia, analisis warna menunjukkan bahawa ekstrak daun S. curtisii menggunakan 50% etanol memberikan perubahan warna yang paling tinggi secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding pelarut lain. Nilai pH bagi ekstrak daun S. curtisii dengan ketiga-tiga jenis dan kepekatan pelarut adalah berasid dengan julat daripada 4.12 hingga 5.26. Daun S. curtisii yang diekstrak dengan 80% etanol mempunyai nilai pH yang paling tinggi (5.26) secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding semua pelarut yang digunakan. Keputusan kajian telah membuktikan ekstrak daun S. curtisii menggunakan 80% metanol menunjukkan kandungan fenol (78.3 ± 2.3 µg GAE/kg) yang paling tinggi secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding dengan pelarut lain. Selain itu, pengekstrakan menggunakan 80% etanol menunjukkan aktiviti antioksida yang paling tinggi secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding pelarut lain terhadap ujian DPPH iaitu 84.05 ± 0.29%. Bagi ujian ABTS, daun S. curtisii diekstrak dengan 80% metanol memberikan nilai ABTS (74.44 ± 0.12%) paling tinggi secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding pelarut lain. Bagi ujian FRAP pula, hanya ekstrak daun S. curtisii menggunakan 80% metanol menunjukkan aktiviti antioksida (13.4 ± 0.62 µg GAE/kg) yang paling tinggi secara signifikan (p<0.05). Oleh itu, 80% metanol adalah pelarut yang paling sesuai untuk pengekstrakan daun S. curtisii yang mana ekstrak tersebut mempunyai kandungan fenol dan aktiviti antioksida yang tinggi berbanding pelarut lain.
Stemona curtisii（又名 pokok Galak Tua）是一种用于传统治疗的石蒜科草本植物。本研究旨在评估使用不同溶剂萃取对 S. curtisii 叶子的理化特性、酚含量和抗氧化活性的影响。本研究采用不同的溶剂类型（甲醇、乙醇和丙酮）和溶剂浓度（50%、80% 和 100%）从叶片样品中提取酚类化合物。在理化特性测定方面，颜色分析表明，与其他溶剂相比，使用 50%乙醇提取的 S. curtisii 叶提取物的颜色变化最大（p<0.05）。使用所有三种类型和浓度的溶剂提取的 S. curtisii 叶子的 pH 值均为酸性，范围在 4.12 至 5.26 之间。与使用的所有溶剂相比，用 80% 乙醇提取的 S. curtisii 叶子的 pH 值（5.26）最高（p<0.05）。研究结果表明，与其他溶剂相比，使用 80% 甲醇提取的 S. curtisii 叶片中酚含量最高（78.3 ± 2.3 µg GAE/kg），差异显著（p<0.05）。此外，在 DPPH 试验中，与其他溶剂相比，使用 80% 乙醇萃取的抗氧化活性最高，达到 84.05 ± 0.29%，差异显著（p<0.05）。在 ABTS 试验中，与其他溶剂相比，用 80% 甲醇提取的 S. curtisii 叶片的 ABTS 值最高（74.44 ± 0.12%），差异显著（p<0.05）。在 FRAP 试验中，只有用 80% 甲醇提取的 S. curtisii 叶片的抗氧化活性最高（13.4 ± 0.62 µg GAE/kg），且差异显著（p<0.05）。因此，与其他溶剂相比，80% 甲醇是最适合提取 S. curtisii 叶片的溶剂，它具有较高的酚含量和抗氧化活性。
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Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-16
A. A. Alias, Nurul Hanis Aminuddin Jafry, Rohana Jani, M. Wong
Accessing and monitoring the quality of life (QoL) of persons with disabilities (PWDs) is crucial in improving their QoL. Therefore, a reliable instrument is needed for that purpose. PWDs globally demand to get involved with anything related to their affairs, as stated in the movement slogan, “Nothing about us, without us”. The WHOQOL-DIS is the instrument developed by WHO and is used widely to assess the QoL of PWDs. However, the computation method is based on the unweighted score. Hence, this study proposes an approach to assess QoL using an index based on a weighted score, which allows the PWDs to rate each item according to their expectation or level of importance. An index approach is based on the total of the cognitive and emotional reactions or experiences compared with the expectations. Robust tests, namely correlation analysis, and uncertainty and sensitivity analysis, were conducted to check the robustness of the index approach. The findings showed that an index approach is reliable in the WHOQOL-DIS instrument to assess the QoL of PWDs. Nevertheless, the QoL score between the index approach and the initial method only shows significant differences in the environment and discrimination domain. Besides, this study also suggests having a ten-point Likert scale instead of a five-point Likert scale when assessing the QoL of PWDs using an index approach.
获取和监测残疾人的生活质量（QoL）对于改善他们的生活质量至关重要。因此，需要一个可靠的工具来实现这一目的。正如 "没有我们，就没有我们 "的运动口号所指出的那样，全球残疾人都要求参与与其事务有关的任何事情。世卫 QOL-DIS 是世卫组织开发的工具，被广泛用于评估残疾人的 QoL。然而，其计算方法是基于非加权得分。因此，本研究提出一种以加权分数为基础的指数评估方法，让残疾人根据其期望或重要程度对每个项目进行评分。指数法以认知和情感反应或体验与期望值的总和为基础。我们进行了稳健性测试，即相关性分析、不确定性和敏感性分析，以检验指数法的稳健性。研究结果表明，在世界卫生组织 QoL-DIS 工具中采用指数法评估残疾人的 QoL 是可靠的。然而，指数法与初始法的 QoL 分数仅在环境和歧视领域有显著差异。此外，这项研究还建议在使用指数法评估残疾人的 QoL 时，使用十点李克特量表而不是五点李克特量表。
{"title":"QOL-DIS: A New Assessment in Analysing the Quality of Life of Persons with Disabilities","authors":"A. A. Alias, Nurul Hanis Aminuddin Jafry, Rohana Jani, M. Wong","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-16","url":null,"abstract":"Accessing and monitoring the quality of life (QoL) of persons with disabilities (PWDs) is crucial in improving their QoL. Therefore, a reliable instrument is needed for that purpose. PWDs globally demand to get involved with anything related to their affairs, as stated in the movement slogan, “Nothing about us, without us”. The WHOQOL-DIS is the instrument developed by WHO and is used widely to assess the QoL of PWDs. However, the computation method is based on the unweighted score. Hence, this study proposes an approach to assess QoL using an index based on a weighted score, which allows the PWDs to rate each item according to their expectation or level of importance. An index approach is based on the total of the cognitive and emotional reactions or experiences compared with the expectations. Robust tests, namely correlation analysis, and uncertainty and sensitivity analysis, were conducted to check the robustness of the index approach. The findings showed that an index approach is reliable in the WHOQOL-DIS instrument to assess the QoL of PWDs. Nevertheless, the QoL score between the index approach and the initial method only shows significant differences in the environment and discrimination domain. Besides, this study also suggests having a ten-point Likert scale instead of a five-point Likert scale when assessing the QoL of PWDs using an index approach.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140413898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-04
Sadia Rehman Rao, N. Gulzar, Muhammad Nadeem, S. Rafiq, Fakhara Khanum, Shamas Murtaza, M. Ajmal
Buttermilk, a valuable by-product of butter production, faces challenges in commercialization due to its limited shelf life and susceptibility to fungal growth. This study aimed to explore the use of water chestnut powder (WCP) as a means to extend the shelf life of buttermilk. The investigation involved evaluating the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, antifungal properties, and stabilizing effects of WCP in buttermilk. Buttermilk samples were prepared with varying concentrations of WCP (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) and stored at 4 °C for one month. The analysis of physicochemical properties showed that the concentration of WCP had a significant impact on the protein percentage, ash content, pH, and acidity of the Water Chestnut Buttermilk (WCBM). Assessment of antioxidant activity using the phosphomolybdenum method showed that, on the 21st day of storage, WCBM3 and WCBM4 exhibited total antioxidant capacities of 0.57±0.12 and 0.60±0.32, respectively, compared to the control with a capacity of 0.48±0.07. The antifungal activity of water chestnut powder buttermilk was evaluated using a qualitative method, which demonstrated inhibition of fungal growth. In the control and WCBM1 and WCBM2 treatments, the observed inhibition ranged from 1-4 mm. However, as the concentration of water chestnut powder increased in WCBM3 and WCBM4, the level of inhibition also increased. Textural analysis further indicated the stabilizing effect of WCP on buttermilk. Overall, the incorporation of WCP in buttermilk yielded promising results in terms of enhancing its physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, antifungal potential, and textural stability. This study highlights the potential of water chestnut as an ingredient to improve the shelf life and quality of buttermilk, creating opportunities for its commercial utilization in the dairy industry.
{"title":"Probing the Potential of Water Chestnut Powder (Trapa bispinosa) in Improving the Shelf Life of Buttermilk","authors":"Sadia Rehman Rao, N. Gulzar, Muhammad Nadeem, S. Rafiq, Fakhara Khanum, Shamas Murtaza, M. Ajmal","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-04","url":null,"abstract":"Buttermilk, a valuable by-product of butter production, faces challenges in commercialization due to its limited shelf life and susceptibility to fungal growth. This study aimed to explore the use of water chestnut powder (WCP) as a means to extend the shelf life of buttermilk. The investigation involved evaluating the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, antifungal properties, and stabilizing effects of WCP in buttermilk. Buttermilk samples were prepared with varying concentrations of WCP (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) and stored at 4 °C for one month. The analysis of physicochemical properties showed that the concentration of WCP had a significant impact on the protein percentage, ash content, pH, and acidity of the Water Chestnut Buttermilk (WCBM). Assessment of antioxidant activity using the phosphomolybdenum method showed that, on the 21st day of storage, WCBM3 and WCBM4 exhibited total antioxidant capacities of 0.57±0.12 and 0.60±0.32, respectively, compared to the control with a capacity of 0.48±0.07. The antifungal activity of water chestnut powder buttermilk was evaluated using a qualitative method, which demonstrated inhibition of fungal growth. In the control and WCBM1 and WCBM2 treatments, the observed inhibition ranged from 1-4 mm. However, as the concentration of water chestnut powder increased in WCBM3 and WCBM4, the level of inhibition also increased. Textural analysis further indicated the stabilizing effect of WCP on buttermilk. Overall, the incorporation of WCP in buttermilk yielded promising results in terms of enhancing its physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, antifungal potential, and textural stability. This study highlights the potential of water chestnut as an ingredient to improve the shelf life and quality of buttermilk, creating opportunities for its commercial utilization in the dairy industry.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140411879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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