Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-01
Mohamad Ikmal Hakim Allahudin, Anis Jazleena Syafiqah Ann Jaisofi, Ma Nyuk Ling, Thilahgavani Nagappan, Aziz Ahmad, Lee Chuen Ng, W. Azmi
Golden Apple Snails (GAS, Pomacea canaliculata) is known in Malaysia as one of the world's worst invasive pest species, wreaking havoc on paddy fields by lowering rice yield dramatically. Farmers now employ chemical molluscicides to eliminate GAS, but these are expensive and have serious health and environmental consequences. Biological control agent using entomopathogenic fungus is preferred over chemical molluscicides to control GAS because it is non-toxic, environmentally friendly and cost-effective. This study is aimed to investigate the molluscicidal activity of an entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae towards GAS adults and eggs. M. anisopliae conidia were subsequently produced into four concentrations (3×104, 3×105, 3×106, and 3×107 conidia/mL) and tested against adults and eggs GAS. The median lethal time (LT50) for the concentration of 3×107 took 5 and 3 days to kill 50% of GAS adults and inhibited 50% of eggs from hatching, respectively. Physiological analysis was also conducted on both GAS adults and eggs. The skin of infected individuals became white and opaque, while internal organs such as the pulmonary sac, digestive tract, and hepatopancreas were visibly destroyed. The colour of GAS eggs turned pale after M. anisopliaeinfestation and resulted in non-viable eggs. This research shows that M. anisopliae is an effective biological control agent for GAS and has the potential to be used as a targeted bio-molluscicide for GAS management.
金苹果蜗牛（GAS，Pomacea canaliculata）在马来西亚被称为世界上最严重的入侵害虫物种之一，对稻田造成严重破坏，使水稻产量急剧下降。目前，农民使用化学杀软体动物剂来消灭 GAS，但这些杀软体动物剂价格昂贵，而且会对健康和环境造成严重影响。与化学杀软体动物剂相比，使用昆虫病原真菌的生物防治剂是控制禾谷类害虫的首选，因为它无毒、环保且成本效益高。本研究旨在调查一种昆虫病原真菌--Metarhizium anisopliae 对 GAS 成虫和虫卵的杀软体活性。随后，将 M. anisopliae 分生孢子制成四种浓度（3×104、3×105、3×106 和 3×107 分生孢子/毫升），并对 GAS 成虫和虫卵进行了测试。3×107 浓度的中位致死时间（LT50）分别需要 5 天和 3 天才能杀死 50%的 GAS 成虫和抑制 50%的虫卵孵化。还对 GAS 成虫和虫卵进行了生理分析。受感染个体的皮肤变白且不透明，肺囊、消化道和肝胰脏等内脏器官明显遭到破坏。恙虫病菌感染后，恙虫病卵的颜色变淡，导致卵无法存活。这项研究表明，M. anisopliae 是一种有效的蛆虫生物控制剂，有可能用作蛆虫管理的定向生物杀软体动物剂。
{"title":"Molluscicidal Activity of Entomopathogenic Fungus, Metarhizium Anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) Against Golden Apple Snails, Pomacea Canaliculata (Architaeniglossa: Ampullariidae)","authors":"Mohamad Ikmal Hakim Allahudin, Anis Jazleena Syafiqah Ann Jaisofi, Ma Nyuk Ling, Thilahgavani Nagappan, Aziz Ahmad, Lee Chuen Ng, W. Azmi","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-01","url":null,"abstract":"Golden Apple Snails (GAS, Pomacea canaliculata) is known in Malaysia as one of the world's worst invasive pest species, wreaking havoc on paddy fields by lowering rice yield dramatically. Farmers now employ chemical molluscicides to eliminate GAS, but these are expensive and have serious health and environmental consequences. Biological control agent using entomopathogenic fungus is preferred over chemical molluscicides to control GAS because it is non-toxic, environmentally friendly and cost-effective. This study is aimed to investigate the molluscicidal activity of an entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae towards GAS adults and eggs. M. anisopliae conidia were subsequently produced into four concentrations (3×104, 3×105, 3×106, and 3×107 conidia/mL) and tested against adults and eggs GAS. The median lethal time (LT50) for the concentration of 3×107 took 5 and 3 days to kill 50% of GAS adults and inhibited 50% of eggs from hatching, respectively. Physiological analysis was also conducted on both GAS adults and eggs. The skin of infected individuals became white and opaque, while internal organs such as the pulmonary sac, digestive tract, and hepatopancreas were visibly destroyed. The colour of GAS eggs turned pale after M. anisopliaeinfestation and resulted in non-viable eggs. This research shows that M. anisopliae is an effective biological control agent for GAS and has the potential to be used as a targeted bio-molluscicide for GAS management.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140472475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-16
Maria Rasool, Nawaf M. Alotaibi, Muhammad Sarfraz, Muhammad Irfan Siddique
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that delays the regular stages of the wound's healing process due to delayed inflammatory stages. Due to foot pressure points, chronic foot wounds are ultimately considered the primary cause of lower leg amputation. Diabetic patients have vascular dysfunction and neuropathy, leading to inadequate oxygen supply to the wound area. Statins have a crucial role in the regulation of angiogenesis that could increase vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) synthesis. By offering a localized treatment approach while minimizing systemic side effects associated with oral medication, this study aimed to develop statin-loaded nanofilms to determine their stability and safety among healthy individuals as a potential procedure for diabetic wound healing. Simvastatin (SIM) loaded nanofilms formulations (F1-F10) were prepared using the solvent casting method. The formulation was optimized based on tests such as physical appearance, tensile strength, microscopic photographs, morphology, and drug content uniformity. ICH guidelines were followed to determine various parameters (physical appearances, tensile strength, microscopic photographs, morphology, and drug content uniformity) for six-month stability study at three different storage conditions. Safety analysis of the nanofilms was performed on healthy human skin using the Draize skin irritation test. Results showed F7 formulation was considered an optimized formulation as well as stable through the storage period at 4 ± 2°C, 25 ± 2°C, and 40 ± 2 °C. Furthermore, Primary Irritation Index results (PII was 0 showed no irritation in case and control groups) indicate its safety and biocompatibility to skin. Thus, the optimized statin-loaded nanofilm is stable, safe, and non-toxic, which may be used as a potential diabetic wound healing agent.
{"title":"Stability and Safety Analysis of Statin-Loaded Nano-films for the Treatment of Diabetic Wound","authors":"Maria Rasool, Nawaf M. Alotaibi, Muhammad Sarfraz, Muhammad Irfan Siddique","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-16","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that delays the regular stages of the wound's healing process due to delayed inflammatory stages. Due to foot pressure points, chronic foot wounds are ultimately considered the primary cause of lower leg amputation. Diabetic patients have vascular dysfunction and neuropathy, leading to inadequate oxygen supply to the wound area. Statins have a crucial role in the regulation of angiogenesis that could increase vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) synthesis. By offering a localized treatment approach while minimizing systemic side effects associated with oral medication, this study aimed to develop statin-loaded nanofilms to determine their stability and safety among healthy individuals as a potential procedure for diabetic wound healing. Simvastatin (SIM) loaded nanofilms formulations (F1-F10) were prepared using the solvent casting method. The formulation was optimized based on tests such as physical appearance, tensile strength, microscopic photographs, morphology, and drug content uniformity. ICH guidelines were followed to determine various parameters (physical appearances, tensile strength, microscopic photographs, morphology, and drug content uniformity) for six-month stability study at three different storage conditions. Safety analysis of the nanofilms was performed on healthy human skin using the Draize skin irritation test. Results showed F7 formulation was considered an optimized formulation as well as stable through the storage period at 4 ± 2°C, 25 ± 2°C, and 40 ± 2 °C. Furthermore, Primary Irritation Index results (PII was 0 showed no irritation in case and control groups) indicate its safety and biocompatibility to skin. Thus, the optimized statin-loaded nanofilm is stable, safe, and non-toxic, which may be used as a potential diabetic wound healing agent.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140472728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-18
Ma’moun I. Y. Alharayzeh, M. Darus, Faisal Y. Alzyoud, H. S. Al-zboon
An inspiration from the fundamentals of (r,q) calculus to introduce an innovative subclass within the T(p) category of multivalent analytic functions, located within the confines of the open unit disk, is subjected to examination. The establishment of the subclass was achieved by employing Jackson's derivative operator to enhance the comprehension of these analytical functions. This article began by investigating and establishing adequate criteria that dictate the inclusion of functions within this recently introduced subclass. To achieve this, a comprehensive coefficient characterization to facilitate a deeper comprehension of the subclass's properties and behavior is derived. Further, various pertinent results that contribute to the broader understanding of the functions belonging to this subclass are explored. The findings and implications of these results are elucidated, underscoring the potential significance of this work in advancing the field of multivalent analytic functions and their applications. In conclusion, this paper broadens the scope of T(p) and sheds light on the distinct characteristics exhibited by the functions in this newly introduced subclass. This work sets the stage for further exploration and applications of (r,q) calculus and Jackson's derivative operator in the domain of multivalent analytic functions.
{"title":"Properties for Certain Class of p- Valent Functions Related to Jackson’s Operator","authors":"Ma’moun I. Y. Alharayzeh, M. Darus, Faisal Y. Alzyoud, H. S. Al-zboon","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-18","url":null,"abstract":"An inspiration from the fundamentals of (r,q) calculus to introduce an innovative subclass within the T(p) category of multivalent analytic functions, located within the confines of the open unit disk, is subjected to examination. The establishment of the subclass was achieved by employing Jackson's derivative operator to enhance the comprehension of these analytical functions. This article began by investigating and establishing adequate criteria that dictate the inclusion of functions within this recently introduced subclass. To achieve this, a comprehensive coefficient characterization to facilitate a deeper comprehension of the subclass's properties and behavior is derived. Further, various pertinent results that contribute to the broader understanding of the functions belonging to this subclass are explored. The findings and implications of these results are elucidated, underscoring the potential significance of this work in advancing the field of multivalent analytic functions and their applications. In conclusion, this paper broadens the scope of T(p) and sheds light on the distinct characteristics exhibited by the functions in this newly introduced subclass. This work sets the stage for further exploration and applications of (r,q) calculus and Jackson's derivative operator in the domain of multivalent analytic functions.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140471437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-17
Sofya Zulkiffli, Oon Take Yeoh, Noor Azlin Yahya, M. Kutty
Lithium disilicate are commonly used in dental restoration due to its aesthetic and mechanical performance. However, the patent expiration of the IPS emax system has led to the emergence of other variations of the system. Data and studies concerning mechanical properties of these recent lithium disilicate-based CAD/CAM are scarce and it warrants for an investigation to provide scientific evidence to support its routine use. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the mechanical properties of lithium disilicate-based CAD/CAM blocks from four different brands. Four CAD/CAM lithium disilicate brands were investigated; IPS emax, Mazic Claro, Cameo, and Tessera. Specimens (n=10) were prepared accordingly; for flexural strength (16 × 4 × 1.2 mm) and microhardness test (15 × 13 × 2 mm). One specimen from each brand was analysed for the microstructure, elemental composition and distribution before and after heat treatment using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The three-point flexural strength test (n=10) and microhardness test (n=10) was performed. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s T3 test. The results showed that the highest mean flexural strength was from Group 4 Tessera (540.52 ± 143.33 MPa). For microhardness, the highest mean was from Group 1 Mazic Claro (667.70 ± 9.41 HV). Within the four groups, statistically significant difference is noted for flexural strength and microhardness. As a conclusion, Tessera demonstrated significantly higher flexural strength than IPS emax and Cameo. Mazic and Tessera demonstrated significantly higher microhardness than IPS emax and Cameo. All materials tested were above the threshold of 300 MPa.
{"title":"Evaluation and Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Lithium Disilicate-Based CAD/CAM Blocks","authors":"Sofya Zulkiffli, Oon Take Yeoh, Noor Azlin Yahya, M. Kutty","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-17","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium disilicate are commonly used in dental restoration due to its aesthetic and mechanical performance. However, the patent expiration of the IPS emax system has led to the emergence of other variations of the system. Data and studies concerning mechanical properties of these recent lithium disilicate-based CAD/CAM are scarce and it warrants for an investigation to provide scientific evidence to support its routine use. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the mechanical properties of lithium disilicate-based CAD/CAM blocks from four different brands. Four CAD/CAM lithium disilicate brands were investigated; IPS emax, Mazic Claro, Cameo, and Tessera. Specimens (n=10) were prepared accordingly; for flexural strength (16 × 4 × 1.2 mm) and microhardness test (15 × 13 × 2 mm). One specimen from each brand was analysed for the microstructure, elemental composition and distribution before and after heat treatment using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The three-point flexural strength test (n=10) and microhardness test (n=10) was performed. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s T3 test. The results showed that the highest mean flexural strength was from Group 4 Tessera (540.52 ± 143.33 MPa). For microhardness, the highest mean was from Group 1 Mazic Claro (667.70 ± 9.41 HV). Within the four groups, statistically significant difference is noted for flexural strength and microhardness. As a conclusion, Tessera demonstrated significantly higher flexural strength than IPS emax and Cameo. Mazic and Tessera demonstrated significantly higher microhardness than IPS emax and Cameo. All materials tested were above the threshold of 300 MPa.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140475763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-06
Yee Wa Ewa Choy, K. Choy, Kai Siong Woon, Muhammad Aidil Wafi, Kong Yong Then, Khong Lek Then
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that possess the remarkable ability to self-renew and differentiate into various cell lineages. Due to their regenerative potential, MSCs have emerged as the most commonly used stem cell type in clinical applications. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, plays a critical role in several pathological conditions, including ocular neovascular diseases, cancer, and inflammatory disorders. Conventional anti-angiogenic therapies face limitations such as frequent visits for repeated doses, off-target effects and resistance development. Recent advances in genetic engineering techniques have opened up novel avenues in regenerative medicine. Genetically engineering MSCs using viral vectors presents a promising strategy to specifically target angiogenesis and enhance anti-angiogenic therapies' efficacy. Viral vectors, including lentiviruses, adeno-associated viruses and adenoviruses, provide an effective means of delivering therapeutic genes into MSCs, allowing the expression of a wide range of therapeutic agents, including anti-angiogenic proteins. This review explores the frontier of using genetically engineered MSCs delivered through viral vectors as a potent anti-angiogenic therapeutic approach. By leveraging the unique properties of MSCs and the targeted delivery capabilities of viral vectors, this approach initiates the potential to revolutionize anti-angiogenic therapy, offering new possibilities for the treatment of angiogenesis-related diseases.
{"title":"Genetically Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using Viral Vectors: A New Frontier in Anti-Angiogenic Therapy","authors":"Yee Wa Ewa Choy, K. Choy, Kai Siong Woon, Muhammad Aidil Wafi, Kong Yong Then, Khong Lek Then","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-06","url":null,"abstract":"Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that possess the remarkable ability to self-renew and differentiate into various cell lineages. Due to their regenerative potential, MSCs have emerged as the most commonly used stem cell type in clinical applications. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, plays a critical role in several pathological conditions, including ocular neovascular diseases, cancer, and inflammatory disorders. Conventional anti-angiogenic therapies face limitations such as frequent visits for repeated doses, off-target effects and resistance development. Recent advances in genetic engineering techniques have opened up novel avenues in regenerative medicine. Genetically engineering MSCs using viral vectors presents a promising strategy to specifically target angiogenesis and enhance anti-angiogenic therapies' efficacy. Viral vectors, including lentiviruses, adeno-associated viruses and adenoviruses, provide an effective means of delivering therapeutic genes into MSCs, allowing the expression of a wide range of therapeutic agents, including anti-angiogenic proteins. This review explores the frontier of using genetically engineered MSCs delivered through viral vectors as a potent anti-angiogenic therapeutic approach. By leveraging the unique properties of MSCs and the targeted delivery capabilities of viral vectors, this approach initiates the potential to revolutionize anti-angiogenic therapy, offering new possibilities for the treatment of angiogenesis-related diseases.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140478130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-15
Elfi Yulia, B. S. Purwasasmita, Nugraha Nugraha, E. Ekawati, Ashari Budi Nugraha
Eliminating heavy metal Cr (VI) in liquids is challenging. Developing adsorbents using sustainable, cheap, and biodegradable materials is still a concern. Therefore, this study aims to synthesize a heavy metal adsorbent by transforming forest residue into nano-sized lignocellulose biochar. This nano-sized lignocellulosic biochar, with the assistance of chitosan and alginate, was coated onto the Luffa aegyptiaca sponge surface to complete the structure of the proposed heavy metal adsorbent. This adsorbent is easy to apply in adsorbing heavy metals, is durable, and can be reused. The adsorbent products were characterized to observe the functional groups by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and surface morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The adsorbents were also experimented with contact times of 120 and 1200 minutes in the adsorption process. The decrease in heavy metal concentration was analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) observed the adsorbent surface that has absorbed heavy metal ions. FTIR characterization of surface functional groups showed the presence of hydrogen, aliphatic C-H group, C=C aromatic ring, carboxyl groups, and carbonate ion, capable of binding heavy metal Cr (VI). The morphology of the adsorbent coated on luffa showed that the adsorbent was well attached. The results of the adsorption process showed a decrease in Cr (VI) concentration, with adsorption efficiency reaching 94% for 1200 min and adsorption capacity of 0.36 mg/g. SEM-EDX results validated the attachment of Cr (VI) heavy metal ions to the adsorbent surface.
{"title":"Fabrication of Adsorbent Using Nano-Sized Lignocellulosic Biochar Coated on Luffa Aegyptiaca Sponge to Remove Heavy Metal Chromium VI","authors":"Elfi Yulia, B. S. Purwasasmita, Nugraha Nugraha, E. Ekawati, Ashari Budi Nugraha","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-15","url":null,"abstract":"Eliminating heavy metal Cr (VI) in liquids is challenging. Developing adsorbents using sustainable, cheap, and biodegradable materials is still a concern. Therefore, this study aims to synthesize a heavy metal adsorbent by transforming forest residue into nano-sized lignocellulose biochar. This nano-sized lignocellulosic biochar, with the assistance of chitosan and alginate, was coated onto the Luffa aegyptiaca sponge surface to complete the structure of the proposed heavy metal adsorbent. This adsorbent is easy to apply in adsorbing heavy metals, is durable, and can be reused. The adsorbent products were characterized to observe the functional groups by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and surface morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The adsorbents were also experimented with contact times of 120 and 1200 minutes in the adsorption process. The decrease in heavy metal concentration was analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) observed the adsorbent surface that has absorbed heavy metal ions. FTIR characterization of surface functional groups showed the presence of hydrogen, aliphatic C-H group, C=C aromatic ring, carboxyl groups, and carbonate ion, capable of binding heavy metal Cr (VI). The morphology of the adsorbent coated on luffa showed that the adsorbent was well attached. The results of the adsorption process showed a decrease in Cr (VI) concentration, with adsorption efficiency reaching 94% for 1200 min and adsorption capacity of 0.36 mg/g. SEM-EDX results validated the attachment of Cr (VI) heavy metal ions to the adsorbent surface.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140473480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-09
Etty Syarmila Ibrahim Khushairay, Yu Ian Chang, Salma Mohamad Yusop, Ma’aruf Abd Ghani, Mohamad Yusof Maskat, A. S. Babji, Nur Aliah Daud
Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) merupakan bijirin pseudo yang kaya dengan asid lemak tak tepu (PUFA) dan protein berfungsi. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan sifat fizikokimia dan kebiotersediaan antioksidan produk chia iaitu tepung chia ternyah lemak (TCT), pencilan protein chia (IPC), hidrolisat protein chia (HPC) dan nanokapsul hidrolisat protein chia (nHPC). Simulasi model pencernaan gastrousus secara in-vitro telah mengasingkan protein chia kepada empat pecahan berbeza iaitu sampel sebelum dicerna (ND), fraksi tercerna pasca-gastrik (PG), fraksi tercerna pasca-usus yang diserap oleh kolon (PUa) dan fraksi tercerna pasca-usus yang tertinggal dalam kolon (PUb). Sampel nHPC mencatatkan darjah hidrolisis (DH) paling rendah (p<0.05) (19.72%) selepas fasa pencernaan gastrik dan tiada perubahan signifikan (p<0.05) selepas pencernaan usus. Penyusutan (p<0.05) nilai asid amino hidrofobik (AAH) dan asid amino aromatik (AAR) bagi sampel nHPC direkodkan selepas pencernaan gastrousus (PUa), masing-masing sebanyak 4.81 dan 3.95%. Berbanding semua sampel, HPC dan nHPC mencatatkan nilai tertinggi (p<0.05) dalam ujian antioksidan DPPH (70.38 dan 68.10 µM TE), ABTS (166.19 dan 167.14 µM TE) dan FRAP (73.25 dan 77.81 µM FeSO4.7H2OE). Pencernaan gastrousus meningkatkan (p<0.05) potensi pemerangkapan radikal DPPH dan ABTS sampel TCT dan IPC, sebaliknya mengurangkan (p<0.05) potensi antioksidan bagi sampel HPC. Berdasarkan ujian FRAP, pencernaan gastrousus tidak memberi kesan (p<0.05) terhadap kapasiti antioksidan bagi sampel nHPC. Kesimpulannya, pencernaan gastrousus mempengaruhi sifat fisikokimia dan kebiotersediaan antioksidan produk chia yang dikaji, memberikan kefahaman penting tentang manfaat kesihatan dan aplikasi produk chia dalam diet pemakanan manusia.
{"title":"Kesan Pencernaan Gastrousus terhadap Ciri-Ciri Fizikokimia dan Kebiotersediaan Antioksidan Produk Chia","authors":"Etty Syarmila Ibrahim Khushairay, Yu Ian Chang, Salma Mohamad Yusop, Ma’aruf Abd Ghani, Mohamad Yusof Maskat, A. S. Babji, Nur Aliah Daud","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-09","url":null,"abstract":"Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) merupakan bijirin pseudo yang kaya dengan asid lemak tak tepu (PUFA) dan protein berfungsi. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan sifat fizikokimia dan kebiotersediaan antioksidan produk chia iaitu tepung chia ternyah lemak (TCT), pencilan protein chia (IPC), hidrolisat protein chia (HPC) dan nanokapsul hidrolisat protein chia (nHPC). Simulasi model pencernaan gastrousus secara in-vitro telah mengasingkan protein chia kepada empat pecahan berbeza iaitu sampel sebelum dicerna (ND), fraksi tercerna pasca-gastrik (PG), fraksi tercerna pasca-usus yang diserap oleh kolon (PUa) dan fraksi tercerna pasca-usus yang tertinggal dalam kolon (PUb). Sampel nHPC mencatatkan darjah hidrolisis (DH) paling rendah (p<0.05) (19.72%) selepas fasa pencernaan gastrik dan tiada perubahan signifikan (p<0.05) selepas pencernaan usus. Penyusutan (p<0.05) nilai asid amino hidrofobik (AAH) dan asid amino aromatik (AAR) bagi sampel nHPC direkodkan selepas pencernaan gastrousus (PUa), masing-masing sebanyak 4.81 dan 3.95%. Berbanding semua sampel, HPC dan nHPC mencatatkan nilai tertinggi (p<0.05) dalam ujian antioksidan DPPH (70.38 dan 68.10 µM TE), ABTS (166.19 dan 167.14 µM TE) dan FRAP (73.25 dan 77.81 µM FeSO4.7H2OE). Pencernaan gastrousus meningkatkan (p<0.05) potensi pemerangkapan radikal DPPH dan ABTS sampel TCT dan IPC, sebaliknya mengurangkan (p<0.05) potensi antioksidan bagi sampel HPC. Berdasarkan ujian FRAP, pencernaan gastrousus tidak memberi kesan (p<0.05) terhadap kapasiti antioksidan bagi sampel nHPC. Kesimpulannya, pencernaan gastrousus mempengaruhi sifat fisikokimia dan kebiotersediaan antioksidan produk chia yang dikaji, memberikan kefahaman penting tentang manfaat kesihatan dan aplikasi produk chia dalam diet pemakanan manusia.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140472108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-10
Ika Dyah Kumalasari, Lubna Nur Fathiyya, Retnosyari Septiyani
Cowpea yogurt is a functional food product made from cowpeas and gotu kola leaves. This mixture of cowpeas and gotu kola leaves is expected to increase its functional value i.e., protein and antioxidant activity. This research aims to analyze the physicochemical, microbiological, and organoleptic properties of cowpeas yogurt with the addition of gotu kola leaf extract. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor, with the ratio of cowpea’s milk: gotu kola leaf extract, namely F1 (98%: 2%), F2 (96%: 4%), F3 (94%: 6%), K2 (100%: 0%), and K1 (100% pure milk). Testing parameters include viscosity, pH value, (moisture, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate) content, antioxidant activity, total lactic acid bacteria, and organoleptic (color, aroma, taste, texture). The results showed that the highest pH and viscosity values in K2 were 3.77 and 419.59 cP; the highest moisture content in F3 was 85.04%; the highest ash, fat, and carbohydrate content in K2 were 0.62%, 1.87%, and 10.21%; the highest protein content in F1 was 3.25%; the highest antioxidant activity in F3 with an IC50 value of 87.008 ppm; the total lactic acid bacteria in K2 met the minimum SNI requirements of 107 CFU/mL; and K2 showed the most favorable overall organoleptic test. This study shows that the addition of gotu kola leaf extract affects on the physicochemical, microbiological, and organoleptic properties of cowpea yogurt.
{"title":"Physicochemical, Microbiological and Organoleptic Properties of Cowpeas (Vigna Unguiculata) Yoghurt with The Addition of Gotu Kola Leaf (Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban) Extract","authors":"Ika Dyah Kumalasari, Lubna Nur Fathiyya, Retnosyari Septiyani","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-10","url":null,"abstract":"Cowpea yogurt is a functional food product made from cowpeas and gotu kola leaves. This mixture of cowpeas and gotu kola leaves is expected to increase its functional value i.e., protein and antioxidant activity. This research aims to analyze the physicochemical, microbiological, and organoleptic properties of cowpeas yogurt with the addition of gotu kola leaf extract. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor, with the ratio of cowpea’s milk: gotu kola leaf extract, namely F1 (98%: 2%), F2 (96%: 4%), F3 (94%: 6%), K2 (100%: 0%), and K1 (100% pure milk). Testing parameters include viscosity, pH value, (moisture, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate) content, antioxidant activity, total lactic acid bacteria, and organoleptic (color, aroma, taste, texture). The results showed that the highest pH and viscosity values in K2 were 3.77 and 419.59 cP; the highest moisture content in F3 was 85.04%; the highest ash, fat, and carbohydrate content in K2 were 0.62%, 1.87%, and 10.21%; the highest protein content in F1 was 3.25%; the highest antioxidant activity in F3 with an IC50 value of 87.008 ppm; the total lactic acid bacteria in K2 met the minimum SNI requirements of 107 CFU/mL; and K2 showed the most favorable overall organoleptic test. This study shows that the addition of gotu kola leaf extract affects on the physicochemical, microbiological, and organoleptic properties of cowpea yogurt.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140478783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-11
Nik Farhan Nazmi Nik Abd Rahman, Haslaniza Hashim, S. I. Zubairi, M. Y. Maskat
Spray drying is a widely used industrial process that converts liquid or slurry feed materials into dry powder or granules and it commonly shrouded with the stickiness problem. This study was carried out by response surface methodology (RSM) to minimize fouling during the spray drying process by optimizing the condition of the drying chamber wall of the spray dryer. The concentration (%) and exposure time (min) of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were examined as independent variables in order to modify the dryer wall. Responses including flux adhesion weight, product recovery, hygroscopicity, and moisture content of the powder were evaluated. Statistical analysis showed that experimental data were best fitted into a quadratic polynomial model with regression coefficient values greater than 0.75 for all responses. The optimum conditions in reducing fouling were discovered at PTFE concentration of 17.27% and PTFE exposure time of 6 min. These conditions would result in low flux adhesion weight (35.28 mg), high product recovery (39.38%), low hygroscopicity (6.08%) and low moisture content (7.97%). The observed outcomes aligned with the predicted values, affirming the suitability of the model in improving the flowability of the spray drying process.
{"title":"Modification on Drying Chamber Wall of Spray Dryer Towards Better Yield","authors":"Nik Farhan Nazmi Nik Abd Rahman, Haslaniza Hashim, S. I. Zubairi, M. Y. Maskat","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-11","url":null,"abstract":"Spray drying is a widely used industrial process that converts liquid or slurry feed materials into dry powder or granules and it commonly shrouded with the stickiness problem. This study was carried out by response surface methodology (RSM) to minimize fouling during the spray drying process by optimizing the condition of the drying chamber wall of the spray dryer. The concentration (%) and exposure time (min) of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were examined as independent variables in order to modify the dryer wall. Responses including flux adhesion weight, product recovery, hygroscopicity, and moisture content of the powder were evaluated. Statistical analysis showed that experimental data were best fitted into a quadratic polynomial model with regression coefficient values greater than 0.75 for all responses. The optimum conditions in reducing fouling were discovered at PTFE concentration of 17.27% and PTFE exposure time of 6 min. These conditions would result in low flux adhesion weight (35.28 mg), high product recovery (39.38%), low hygroscopicity (6.08%) and low moisture content (7.97%). The observed outcomes aligned with the predicted values, affirming the suitability of the model in improving the flowability of the spray drying process.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140476059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-12
Songül Şen Gürsoy, Derya Kahraman
This study presents a novel nonenzymatic pesticide sensor utilizing a polythiophene/TiO2 (PTh/TiO2) film deposited on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode as the working electrode. The thiophene monomer was polymerized onto TiO2 by cyclic voltammetric method in the range of 0.0-2.5 V with 15 cycles at room temperature. The prepared electrode was used for the sensitive and selective detection of malathion thus providing the basis for facile electrochemical quantification. The surface morphology and crystal structure of the (PTh/TiO2) film were studied by SEM and XRD. FTIR was used for the structural analysis of (PTh/TiO2) film. FTIR results indicated that the PTh/TiO2composite structure was formed. The smooth surface morphology of PTh/TiO2 was supported by SEM results. XRD analysis verified that PTh is covered on TiO2 particles. The crystal phase of TiO2 was changed to amorph state after PTh modification. Additionally, the electrochemical characterization of polymer film and its response to malathion was examined by the CV method. Under optimized operational conditions, the response of the pesticide sensor was measured by CV in the range of -1 to 2.3 V versus the Ag/AgCl reference electrode due to the electrooxidation of malathion. The analysis focused on current values at -0.73 V, where the reduction of the PTh/TiO2 system occurred upon the addition of known amounts of malathion. The PTh/TiO2 composite film was sensitive to malathion in a linear range from 9.9 ppm to 436 ppm. The sensitivity was calculated as 57.5 μA/ µM cm2 whereas the detection limit was calculated as 7.45 µM. The maximum reaction rate was estimated as 767 μA. The developed sensor also showed good selectivity and reproducibility. The nonenzymatic pesticide sensor was successfully applied to detect malathion in tap water with at least 90% recovery.
{"title":"Nonenzymatic Sensor Based on Polythiophene/Titanium Dioxide (PTh/TiO2) Composite for the Determination of Malathion in Water","authors":"Songül Şen Gürsoy, Derya Kahraman","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5301-12","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a novel nonenzymatic pesticide sensor utilizing a polythiophene/TiO2 (PTh/TiO2) film deposited on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode as the working electrode. The thiophene monomer was polymerized onto TiO2 by cyclic voltammetric method in the range of 0.0-2.5 V with 15 cycles at room temperature. The prepared electrode was used for the sensitive and selective detection of malathion thus providing the basis for facile electrochemical quantification. The surface morphology and crystal structure of the (PTh/TiO2) film were studied by SEM and XRD. FTIR was used for the structural analysis of (PTh/TiO2) film. FTIR results indicated that the PTh/TiO2composite structure was formed. The smooth surface morphology of PTh/TiO2 was supported by SEM results. XRD analysis verified that PTh is covered on TiO2 particles. The crystal phase of TiO2 was changed to amorph state after PTh modification. Additionally, the electrochemical characterization of polymer film and its response to malathion was examined by the CV method. Under optimized operational conditions, the response of the pesticide sensor was measured by CV in the range of -1 to 2.3 V versus the Ag/AgCl reference electrode due to the electrooxidation of malathion. The analysis focused on current values at -0.73 V, where the reduction of the PTh/TiO2 system occurred upon the addition of known amounts of malathion. The PTh/TiO2 composite film was sensitive to malathion in a linear range from 9.9 ppm to 436 ppm. The sensitivity was calculated as 57.5 μA/ µM cm2 whereas the detection limit was calculated as 7.45 µM. The maximum reaction rate was estimated as 767 μA. The developed sensor also showed good selectivity and reproducibility. The nonenzymatic pesticide sensor was successfully applied to detect malathion in tap water with at least 90% recovery.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140474770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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