Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-02
Andi Parenrengi, Andi Tenriulo, Bunga Rante Tampangallo, Herlinah Herlinah, Rosmiati Rosmiati, Emma Suryati Emma Suryati, Alimuddin Alimuddin, Samuel Lante, Agus Nawang, Suwardi Suwardi, Andi Aliah Hidayani
Transgenic technology has been applied to tiger shrimp Peneus monodon to produce a resistant strain to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) by antiviral gene overexpression. The founders (F0) transgenic tiger shrimp have been successfully bred to produce the first generation (F1). The present study aimed to evaluate the survival and immune responses of F1 transgenic tiger shrimp against WSSV. The F1 transgenic and non-transgenic shrimp (control) with an average weight of 7.93±1.49 g were collected from the controlled brackish water ponds and stocked in a 20 L fiberglass tank with a density of 5 shrimp/tank. The transgenic shrimps were confirmed by a PCR assay. The shrimp were intramuscularly injected with WSSV to evaluate the performance between transgenic and non-transgenic. The survival (SR) was observed daily after the challenge test. Measurement of immune responses, namely total haemocyte count (THC), differential haemocyte count (DHC), prophenoloxidase (proPO) activity, and RNA content in haemolymph was conducted on before challenge, and on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days after challenge. The survival and immune responses were statistically analysed by the t-student test. The results showed that the SR of transgenic (52.0%), with a relative percentage survival of 47.82%, was greater (P<0.05) than the control shrimp (8.0%). The THC, proPO, and RNA content of the transgenic shrimp was higher (P<0.05) than the non-transgenic shrimp. The results suggested that the transgenic tiger shrimp, due to antiviral gene overexpression, increased the resistance against WSSV.
{"title":"Survival and Immune Responses of F1 Transgenic Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon Against White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV)","authors":"Andi Parenrengi, Andi Tenriulo, Bunga Rante Tampangallo, Herlinah Herlinah, Rosmiati Rosmiati, Emma Suryati Emma Suryati, Alimuddin Alimuddin, Samuel Lante, Agus Nawang, Suwardi Suwardi, Andi Aliah Hidayani","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-02","url":null,"abstract":"Transgenic technology has been applied to tiger shrimp Peneus monodon to produce a resistant strain to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) by antiviral gene overexpression. The founders (F0) transgenic tiger shrimp have been successfully bred to produce the first generation (F1). The present study aimed to evaluate the survival and immune responses of F1 transgenic tiger shrimp against WSSV. The F1 transgenic and non-transgenic shrimp (control) with an average weight of 7.93±1.49 g were collected from the controlled brackish water ponds and stocked in a 20 L fiberglass tank with a density of 5 shrimp/tank. The transgenic shrimps were confirmed by a PCR assay. The shrimp were intramuscularly injected with WSSV to evaluate the performance between transgenic and non-transgenic. The survival (SR) was observed daily after the challenge test. Measurement of immune responses, namely total haemocyte count (THC), differential haemocyte count (DHC), prophenoloxidase (proPO) activity, and RNA content in haemolymph was conducted on before challenge, and on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days after challenge. The survival and immune responses were statistically analysed by the t-student test. The results showed that the SR of transgenic (52.0%), with a relative percentage survival of 47.82%, was greater (P<0.05) than the control shrimp (8.0%). The THC, proPO, and RNA content of the transgenic shrimp was higher (P<0.05) than the non-transgenic shrimp. The results suggested that the transgenic tiger shrimp, due to antiviral gene overexpression, increased the resistance against WSSV.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-20
Yasir Hassan, Muhammad Farooq, Saleha Yasir, Will Murray
In this paper, we suggest employing the exponential ratio estimator to estimate the mean of the study variable using a two-phase sample strategy with two modified auxiliary variables. Several researchers discussed the properties of the estimators they proposed and discovered that the estimators in their studies were relatively efficient. The estimators previously studied are listed chronologically in the appendix to this paper. In two phase sampling, the estimator's mean square errors and relative efficiencies are calculated using auxiliary variable information. To assess the properties of our proposed estimator, we noticed that it has a lower mean square error (MSE) than the classical ratio estimator and some other exponential ratio estimators. The estimator is more useful than other estimators in solving real-world issues, notably in engineering, environmental science, management, and biological sciences. The proposed estimator has been applied to real-world data sets such as BRICS, Son's Head Measurement, Number of Hospital Beds, Sale Price of Residence, Ambient Pressure (AP), and Heating Load. In survey research, our suggested estimator has also been demonstrated to be more effective.
在本文中，我们建议使用指数比率估计器来估计研究变量的均值，使用两个修正辅助变量的两阶段样本策略。一些研究人员讨论了他们提出的估计器的性质，并发现他们研究中的估计器是相对有效的。本文的附录按时间顺序列出了以前研究过的估计量。在两相采样中，利用辅助变量信息计算估计器的均方误差和相对效率。为了评估我们提出的估计器的性质，我们注意到它比经典的比率估计器和其他指数比率估计器具有更低的均方误差(MSE)。在解决现实世界的问题时，估计器比其他估计器更有用，特别是在工程、环境科学、管理和生物科学中。所提出的估算器已应用于现实世界的数据集，如金砖国家、Son's Head Measurement、医院病床数、住宅销售价格、环境压力(AP)和供暖负荷。在调查研究中，我们建议的估计器也被证明是更有效的。
{"title":"On Some New Exponential Ratio Estimator of Population Mean in Two Phase Sampling","authors":"Yasir Hassan, Muhammad Farooq, Saleha Yasir, Will Murray","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-20","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we suggest employing the exponential ratio estimator to estimate the mean of the study variable using a two-phase sample strategy with two modified auxiliary variables. Several researchers discussed the properties of the estimators they proposed and discovered that the estimators in their studies were relatively efficient. The estimators previously studied are listed chronologically in the appendix to this paper. In two phase sampling, the estimator's mean square errors and relative efficiencies are calculated using auxiliary variable information. To assess the properties of our proposed estimator, we noticed that it has a lower mean square error (MSE) than the classical ratio estimator and some other exponential ratio estimators. The estimator is more useful than other estimators in solving real-world issues, notably in engineering, environmental science, management, and biological sciences. The proposed estimator has been applied to real-world data sets such as BRICS, Son's Head Measurement, Number of Hospital Beds, Sale Price of Residence, Ambient Pressure (AP), and Heating Load. In survey research, our suggested estimator has also been demonstrated to be more effective.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-04
Kamilia Sharir, Rodeano Roslee
Banjir merupakan bencana alam yang berlaku setiap tahun dan memberi impak kepada kehidupan manusia, gangguan sosio-ekonomi dan kemusnahan alam sekitar. Terdapat tiga komponen penting dalam mentafsir risiko banjir iaitu; Bahaya, Kemudahterancaman dan Pendedahan. Pendedahan dalam konteks ini merujuk kepada unsur yang terdedah atau berisiko kepada sesuatu kerugian dan mempunyai tahap kemudahterancamannya yang tersendiri. Rekod kejadian banjir di kawasan ini semakin meningkat terutamanya selepas kejadian Gempa Bumi Ranau 2015. Peningkatan kejadian ini menjejaskan kelangsungan hidup kerana kebergantungan komuniti setempat terhadap hasil pertanian seperti penanaman padi untuk menjana pendapatan selain penempatan kemudahan fasiliti awam seperti hospital, pejabat kerajaan dan sekolah. Justeru, mengenal pasti unsur berisiko di kawasan ini amatlah penting untuk meminimumkan risiko banjir yang akan menjejaskan kawasan ini. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti unsur berisiko yang terdedah kepada ancaman bencana banjir di kawasan Kota Belud, Sabah. Pendedahan unsur berisiko boleh dikenal pasti secara nyata atau tidak nyata. Unsur berisiko nyata dikenal pasti melalui jejak bangunan dan jenis jaringan jalan raya yang ada di sekitar kawasan kajian manakala unsur berisiko tidak nyata pula, analisis ini dilakukan secara soal selidik di lapangan. Peta Ketumpatan Fizikal (PKF) kemudian dihasilkan daripada jejak bangunan dan peta jaringan jalan raya untuk menggambarkan unsur berisiko pada skala rantau. Peta ini dihasilkan dengan menukar poligon bangunan menjadi titik dan pengiraan dibuat berdasarkan kilometer persegi dan menggabungkannya dengan maklumat ketumpatan jaringan jalan raya. Kaedah ini turut digunakan sebagai kaedah alternatif untuk menggambarkan taburan penduduk bagi kawasan yang mempunyai ketersediaan dan kebolehcapaian data yang terhad. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kawasan unsur berisiko yang berketumpatan fizikal tinggi terletak berhampiran dengan sungai-sungai utama seperti Sungai Kadamaian, Sungai Wariu, Sungai Gurong-gurong, Sungai Tempasuk dan Sungai Abai. Kajian ini amat berguna sebagai kajian perintis dalam mentafsir risiko banjir di kawasan ini dan berpotensi dikembangkan di kawasan lain agar kerosakan dan kerugian harta benda, infrastruktur atau utiliti awam dapat diurus dan dikurangkan.
{"title":"Peta Ketumpatan Fizikal bagi Menentukan Unsur Berisiko Banjir di Kawasan Kota Belud, Sabah, Malaysia","authors":"Kamilia Sharir, Rodeano Roslee","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-04","url":null,"abstract":"Banjir merupakan bencana alam yang berlaku setiap tahun dan memberi impak kepada kehidupan manusia, gangguan sosio-ekonomi dan kemusnahan alam sekitar. Terdapat tiga komponen penting dalam mentafsir risiko banjir iaitu; Bahaya, Kemudahterancaman dan Pendedahan. Pendedahan dalam konteks ini merujuk kepada unsur yang terdedah atau berisiko kepada sesuatu kerugian dan mempunyai tahap kemudahterancamannya yang tersendiri. Rekod kejadian banjir di kawasan ini semakin meningkat terutamanya selepas kejadian Gempa Bumi Ranau 2015. Peningkatan kejadian ini menjejaskan kelangsungan hidup kerana kebergantungan komuniti setempat terhadap hasil pertanian seperti penanaman padi untuk menjana pendapatan selain penempatan kemudahan fasiliti awam seperti hospital, pejabat kerajaan dan sekolah. Justeru, mengenal pasti unsur berisiko di kawasan ini amatlah penting untuk meminimumkan risiko banjir yang akan menjejaskan kawasan ini. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti unsur berisiko yang terdedah kepada ancaman bencana banjir di kawasan Kota Belud, Sabah. Pendedahan unsur berisiko boleh dikenal pasti secara nyata atau tidak nyata. Unsur berisiko nyata dikenal pasti melalui jejak bangunan dan jenis jaringan jalan raya yang ada di sekitar kawasan kajian manakala unsur berisiko tidak nyata pula, analisis ini dilakukan secara soal selidik di lapangan. Peta Ketumpatan Fizikal (PKF) kemudian dihasilkan daripada jejak bangunan dan peta jaringan jalan raya untuk menggambarkan unsur berisiko pada skala rantau. Peta ini dihasilkan dengan menukar poligon bangunan menjadi titik dan pengiraan dibuat berdasarkan kilometer persegi dan menggabungkannya dengan maklumat ketumpatan jaringan jalan raya. Kaedah ini turut digunakan sebagai kaedah alternatif untuk menggambarkan taburan penduduk bagi kawasan yang mempunyai ketersediaan dan kebolehcapaian data yang terhad. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kawasan unsur berisiko yang berketumpatan fizikal tinggi terletak berhampiran dengan sungai-sungai utama seperti Sungai Kadamaian, Sungai Wariu, Sungai Gurong-gurong, Sungai Tempasuk dan Sungai Abai. Kajian ini amat berguna sebagai kajian perintis dalam mentafsir risiko banjir di kawasan ini dan berpotensi dikembangkan di kawasan lain agar kerosakan dan kerugian harta benda, infrastruktur atau utiliti awam dapat diurus dan dikurangkan.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacterial leaf blight, bakanae and blast are severe, economically damaging rice diseases caused by Xanthomonas oryzae, Fusarium fujikuroi, and Magnaporthe oryzae, respectively. Bacillus spp. have been applied as bioactive, eco-friendly agents to control these diseases. In this study, five antagonistic strains isolated from food waste compost, namely B. subtilis strain BS, B. amyloliquefacien strain C2-1, B. tequilensis strain 1-BA, B. licheniformis strain 2-BA, and Lysinibacillus. sp strain 3-BA were tested for their efficacy againstrice diseases. The inhibition of X. oryzae was tested by paper disc diffusion, while the inhibitions of F. fujikuroi and M. oryzae were tested in dual cultures. It was found that B. amyloliquefacien strain C2-1 gave the widest clear zones. At 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 7 days, the strain had produced zones of inhibition against X. oryzaeof 7.41±0.65, 7.9±0.20, 8.8±0.65 and 8.90±0.12 mm, respectively. B. amyloliquefacien strain C2-1 also reduced the growth of the fungal rice pathogens F. fujikuroi and M. oryzae, achieving 98.79% and 97.74% inhibitions, respectively. B. amyloliquefaciens strain C2-1 was also effective against X. oryzae, F. fujikuroi, and M. oryzae in the greenhouse. Fourteen days after spraying rice plants with the B. amyloliquefacien strain C2-1, infections with X. oryzae, F. fujikuroi, and M. oryzae were inhibited by 60%, 37%, and 25%, respectively. The results suggested that B. amyloliquefacien strain C2-1 can be used as a biocontrol agent against bacterial leaf blight, bakanae, and rice blast diseases.
{"title":"Potential of Bacillus spp. Isolated from Food Waste Compost for Controlling Rice Diseases","authors":"Usmana Meehae, Aunkamol Kumngen, Wilaiwan Chotigeat, Sudarat Suwannarat, Sujunya Anuchan, Sukhuman Whankaew, Siwapong Leunram, Seppo Karrila, Jutarut Iewkittayakorn","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-09","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial leaf blight, bakanae and blast are severe, economically damaging rice diseases caused by Xanthomonas oryzae, Fusarium fujikuroi, and Magnaporthe oryzae, respectively. Bacillus spp. have been applied as bioactive, eco-friendly agents to control these diseases. In this study, five antagonistic strains isolated from food waste compost, namely B. subtilis strain BS, B. amyloliquefacien strain C2-1, B. tequilensis strain 1-BA, B. licheniformis strain 2-BA, and Lysinibacillus. sp strain 3-BA were tested for their efficacy againstrice diseases. The inhibition of X. oryzae was tested by paper disc diffusion, while the inhibitions of F. fujikuroi and M. oryzae were tested in dual cultures. It was found that B. amyloliquefacien strain C2-1 gave the widest clear zones. At 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 7 days, the strain had produced zones of inhibition against X. oryzaeof 7.41±0.65, 7.9±0.20, 8.8±0.65 and 8.90±0.12 mm, respectively. B. amyloliquefacien strain C2-1 also reduced the growth of the fungal rice pathogens F. fujikuroi and M. oryzae, achieving 98.79% and 97.74% inhibitions, respectively. B. amyloliquefaciens strain C2-1 was also effective against X. oryzae, F. fujikuroi, and M. oryzae in the greenhouse. Fourteen days after spraying rice plants with the B. amyloliquefacien strain C2-1, infections with X. oryzae, F. fujikuroi, and M. oryzae were inhibited by 60%, 37%, and 25%, respectively. The results suggested that B. amyloliquefacien strain C2-1 can be used as a biocontrol agent against bacterial leaf blight, bakanae, and rice blast diseases.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-11
Y. Wu, Michelle Felicia Lee, R. Guad, Fathima Zahraa Ozeer, Appalaraju Velaga, V. Subramaniyan, N. Fuloria, S. Fuloria, K. Choy, Sze Meng Lee, Subash C. B. Gopinath, A. Verma, T. Lau
Drug resistance is the main issue causing the treatment failure of anticancer drugs. This issue has urged researchers to search for new substances from medicinal plants, which are widely reported as the good sources of anticancer agents. Quisqualis indica is a plant belongs to Combretaceae family, known as Rangoon Creeper, which can be found abundantly in tropical countries and distributed profusely as a wild shrub. It has been widely used traditionally and scientifically claimed to process various therapeutic activities. It has recently been reported to possess various potential anticancer activities against different cancers. Looking at its availability in almost all seasons and grow fast, it is an arising source of herbal medicine in the discovery of anticancer drugs economically. Besides, Q. indica is enriched with several secondary metabolites of interest, which are responsible for the positive findings for its anticancer potentials. In this review, we aim to decipher and discuss the anticancer activities of Q. indica crude extracts and isolated phytochemicals as evidenced in preclinical models, as well as the associated molecular mechanisms. More preclinical investigations on its anticancer potentials should be conducted before translation to clinical testing.
{"title":"Insights on Anticancer Activities, Associated Phytochemicals and Potential Molecular Mechanisms of Quisqualis indica: A Mini Review","authors":"Y. Wu, Michelle Felicia Lee, R. Guad, Fathima Zahraa Ozeer, Appalaraju Velaga, V. Subramaniyan, N. Fuloria, S. Fuloria, K. Choy, Sze Meng Lee, Subash C. B. Gopinath, A. Verma, T. Lau","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-11","url":null,"abstract":"Drug resistance is the main issue causing the treatment failure of anticancer drugs. This issue has urged researchers to search for new substances from medicinal plants, which are widely reported as the good sources of anticancer agents. Quisqualis indica is a plant belongs to Combretaceae family, known as Rangoon Creeper, which can be found abundantly in tropical countries and distributed profusely as a wild shrub. It has been widely used traditionally and scientifically claimed to process various therapeutic activities. It has recently been reported to possess various potential anticancer activities against different cancers. Looking at its availability in almost all seasons and grow fast, it is an arising source of herbal medicine in the discovery of anticancer drugs economically. Besides, Q. indica is enriched with several secondary metabolites of interest, which are responsible for the positive findings for its anticancer potentials. In this review, we aim to decipher and discuss the anticancer activities of Q. indica crude extracts and isolated phytochemicals as evidenced in preclinical models, as well as the associated molecular mechanisms. More preclinical investigations on its anticancer potentials should be conducted before translation to clinical testing.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48321593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-13
Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin, Rohaya Megat Abdul Wahab, Thanaletchumi Manogaran, Farinawati Yazid, Siti Nur Zahidah Zahari, Rus Dina Rus Din, Intan Zarina Zainol Abidin
Analisis protein rembesan adalah penting untuk mengenal pasti penglibatan protein di dalam sistem biologi seperti mengenal pasti fungsi dan interaksi protein serta tapak jalan yang terlibat semasa pembezaan sel stem. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti protein rembesan dan tapak jalan dalam pembezaan osteoblas melalui perubahan keamatan pengekspresan protein rembesan hasil aruhan asid askorbik terhadap sel stem pulpa gigi susu (SHED). SHED dirawat dengan 10 µg/mL asid askorbik selama 7 dan 21 hari dan pengekpresan gen ditentukan melalui transkripsi berbalik-tindak balas rantaian polimerase (RT-PCR) menunjukkan pengekspresanGAPDH (gen endogenous dan kawalan), diikuti dengan pengekspresan gen COL1 dan BSP (penanda osteoblas). SHED (hari ke 7 dan 21) dieram dalam medium tanpa serum selama 12 jam sebelum medium dianalisis menggunakan kromatografi cecair-spektrometri jisim/spektrometri jisim (LC-MS/MS). Protein yang sama diekspreskan dalam kawalan (positif dan negatif) serta asid askorbik seterusnya ditentukan proses biologi dan sekretom berkaitan osteoblas serta mempunyai perubahan keamatan pengekspresan melalui UniProt dan PANTHER. Hubung kait antara protein-protein rembesan ini bagi mengenal pasti tapak jalan pembezaan osteoblas ditentukan melalui STRING. Sebanyak 57 protein yang sama diekspreskan semasa aruhan asid askorbik dan kawalan dengan empat protein rembesan berkaitan dengan osteoblas didapati mengalami perubahan keamatan pengekspresan. Bagi hubung kait antara protein pula hanya tiga dari empat protein rembesan iaitu gelsolin (GSN), kolagenase jenis IV 72 kDa (MMP2) dan homolog peroksidasin (PXDN) dikenal pasti terlibat dalam tiga tapak jalan. Kesimpulannya, tiga jenis protein rembesan yang melibatkan tiga tapak jalan berpotensi sebagai penanda protein rembesan semasa pembezaan SHED kepada osteoblas.
{"title":"Protein Rembesan Sel Stem Pulpa Gigi Susu Manusia (SHED) semasa Pembezaan kepada Sel Osteoblas","authors":"Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin, Rohaya Megat Abdul Wahab, Thanaletchumi Manogaran, Farinawati Yazid, Siti Nur Zahidah Zahari, Rus Dina Rus Din, Intan Zarina Zainol Abidin","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-13","url":null,"abstract":"Analisis protein rembesan adalah penting untuk mengenal pasti penglibatan protein di dalam sistem biologi seperti mengenal pasti fungsi dan interaksi protein serta tapak jalan yang terlibat semasa pembezaan sel stem. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti protein rembesan dan tapak jalan dalam pembezaan osteoblas melalui perubahan keamatan pengekspresan protein rembesan hasil aruhan asid askorbik terhadap sel stem pulpa gigi susu (SHED). SHED dirawat dengan 10 µg/mL asid askorbik selama 7 dan 21 hari dan pengekpresan gen ditentukan melalui transkripsi berbalik-tindak balas rantaian polimerase (RT-PCR) menunjukkan pengekspresanGAPDH (gen endogenous dan kawalan), diikuti dengan pengekspresan gen COL1 dan BSP (penanda osteoblas). SHED (hari ke 7 dan 21) dieram dalam medium tanpa serum selama 12 jam sebelum medium dianalisis menggunakan kromatografi cecair-spektrometri jisim/spektrometri jisim (LC-MS/MS). Protein yang sama diekspreskan dalam kawalan (positif dan negatif) serta asid askorbik seterusnya ditentukan proses biologi dan sekretom berkaitan osteoblas serta mempunyai perubahan keamatan pengekspresan melalui UniProt dan PANTHER. Hubung kait antara protein-protein rembesan ini bagi mengenal pasti tapak jalan pembezaan osteoblas ditentukan melalui STRING. Sebanyak 57 protein yang sama diekspreskan semasa aruhan asid askorbik dan kawalan dengan empat protein rembesan berkaitan dengan osteoblas didapati mengalami perubahan keamatan pengekspresan. Bagi hubung kait antara protein pula hanya tiga dari empat protein rembesan iaitu gelsolin (GSN), kolagenase jenis IV 72 kDa (MMP2) dan homolog peroksidasin (PXDN) dikenal pasti terlibat dalam tiga tapak jalan. Kesimpulannya, tiga jenis protein rembesan yang melibatkan tiga tapak jalan berpotensi sebagai penanda protein rembesan semasa pembezaan SHED kepada osteoblas.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48069162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-18
Sana Rafaqat, Jaida Manzoor, Maria Adrees, Hafsa Hamid, Asif Kamal, R. Bashir
The present study investigated the relationship of STAT4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs7574685, rs10181656, and rs3821236 with T1D susceptibility visiting tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. One hundred and fifty-five T1D patients and one hundred and five healthy individuals were enrolled. An expert endocrinologist collected the clinical data of T1D patients. The genotyping of three potential STAT4 SNPs was performed through Tetra ARMS-PCR assay. The relationship between SNPs and T1D susceptibility under several genetic models, including dominant, recessive, and codominant models, was assessed by regression analysis. All clinical features of T1D demonstrate a significant difference from control groups (P<0.01) except blindness. The characteristic biochemical analysis determined that participants with T1D had significantly higher fasting blood glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels than the control group (P<0.01). Genetic analysis of rs7574685 depicts GT genotype was found to be the risk allele for the development of T1D when compared to the control group. For rs10181656 and rs3821236, the GC genotype and GA genotype were observed to be the risk alleles in the T1D cases as compared to the control group (P=0.04, P<0.01, respectively). Genetic models showed that the STAT4 GG genotype of rs7574685 in the dominant model (OR=1.73, 95% CI=1.05-2.86), GC genotype of rs10181656 in the codominant model (OR=2.079, 95 % CI=1.16-3.71), and AA genotype of rs3821236 showed significant risk association with T1D (OR=3.486, 95% CI=1.72-7.03). It is concluded that the risk of T1D is highly correlated with the STAT4 variants of rs7574685 and rs10181656 among children of the Pakistani population.
{"title":"Genetic Association Study of Stat4 Polymorphisms and Type 1 Diabetes in Pakistani Children","authors":"Sana Rafaqat, Jaida Manzoor, Maria Adrees, Hafsa Hamid, Asif Kamal, R. Bashir","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-18","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated the relationship of STAT4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs7574685, rs10181656, and rs3821236 with T1D susceptibility visiting tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. One hundred and fifty-five T1D patients and one hundred and five healthy individuals were enrolled. An expert endocrinologist collected the clinical data of T1D patients. The genotyping of three potential STAT4 SNPs was performed through Tetra ARMS-PCR assay. The relationship between SNPs and T1D susceptibility under several genetic models, including dominant, recessive, and codominant models, was assessed by regression analysis. All clinical features of T1D demonstrate a significant difference from control groups (P<0.01) except blindness. The characteristic biochemical analysis determined that participants with T1D had significantly higher fasting blood glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels than the control group (P<0.01). Genetic analysis of rs7574685 depicts GT genotype was found to be the risk allele for the development of T1D when compared to the control group. For rs10181656 and rs3821236, the GC genotype and GA genotype were observed to be the risk alleles in the T1D cases as compared to the control group (P=0.04, P<0.01, respectively). Genetic models showed that the STAT4 GG genotype of rs7574685 in the dominant model (OR=1.73, 95% CI=1.05-2.86), GC genotype of rs10181656 in the codominant model (OR=2.079, 95 % CI=1.16-3.71), and AA genotype of rs3821236 showed significant risk association with T1D (OR=3.486, 95% CI=1.72-7.03). It is concluded that the risk of T1D is highly correlated with the STAT4 variants of rs7574685 and rs10181656 among children of the Pakistani population.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44695846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-08
Muhamad Eqmal Izman Mohd Fadli, Wan Elina Faradilla Wan Khalid, Sharina Abu Hanifah
Carrageenan is one of the most prominent hydrocolloids in the food industry used as a thickener and additive to improve the texture of food products. However, the detection of carrageenan in the food product is still limited as many interferences in the food matrix can interfere with the signal obtained. This research aims to study the effect of interference species on a simple and rapid quantitative detection of carrageenan by using a cationic dye which is methylene blue. Methylene blue will form a complex with carrageenan at 565 nm due to the hypsochromic shift of the methylene blue peak at 664 nm with a color change from blue to bluish purple. The optimization and analytical performance of carrageenan-methylene blue complexes were characterized by using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. A dynamic linear concentration range for carrageenan detection was obtained in the range of 70-100 ppm (R2 = 0.9837) with a limit of detection (LOD) estimated at 38.37 ppm. The reproducibility study was found to give a satisfactory relative standard deviation (RSD) value of 1.64-1.94%. Selectivity experiments were carried out where the methylene blue demonstrated acceptable selectivity towards carrageenan with no significant interference from sucrose and glucose.
{"title":"Effect of Interference Study on Carrageenan Detection using Ultraviolet Visible Spectrophotometry","authors":"Muhamad Eqmal Izman Mohd Fadli, Wan Elina Faradilla Wan Khalid, Sharina Abu Hanifah","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-08","url":null,"abstract":"Carrageenan is one of the most prominent hydrocolloids in the food industry used as a thickener and additive to improve the texture of food products. However, the detection of carrageenan in the food product is still limited as many interferences in the food matrix can interfere with the signal obtained. This research aims to study the effect of interference species on a simple and rapid quantitative detection of carrageenan by using a cationic dye which is methylene blue. Methylene blue will form a complex with carrageenan at 565 nm due to the hypsochromic shift of the methylene blue peak at 664 nm with a color change from blue to bluish purple. The optimization and analytical performance of carrageenan-methylene blue complexes were characterized by using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. A dynamic linear concentration range for carrageenan detection was obtained in the range of 70-100 ppm (R2 = 0.9837) with a limit of detection (LOD) estimated at 38.37 ppm. The reproducibility study was found to give a satisfactory relative standard deviation (RSD) value of 1.64-1.94%. Selectivity experiments were carried out where the methylene blue demonstrated acceptable selectivity towards carrageenan with no significant interference from sucrose and glucose.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41405766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polyester microplastics (PS) are toxic and hazardous chemicals in the ecosystem that can induce stress. Disposing PS articles into the environment can negatively impact health of aquatic biota, including fish. This study aimed to investigate the potential of probiotics or vitamin C supplementation in improving the histological structure of organs and cytokine secretion in tilapia fish exposed to PS. Thirty-six tilapia were divided into 12 groups consisting of treatment groups (four PS concentration variations: 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L). Each treatment was given three types of feed: Commercial feed alone, commercial feed containing probiotics (200 mL/kg), and commercial feed containing vitamin C (100 mg/kg). The study had a sample size of n=3. After treatment was completed, all parameters were measured. The result showed that the addition of probiotics and vitamin C could decrease TNF-α levels and increase IFN-γ levels. Probiotics and vitamin C prevent healthy cells to be damaged by pro-inflammatory cytokines. The percentage of normal hepatocytes increased significantly in all treatment groups with the addition of probiotics or vitamin C. Furthermore, the percentage of hepatocytes with swelling and necrosis decreased significantly in treatment groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, villi height, lamina propria width, submucosa height, and the number of goblet cells all increased significantly in all treatment groups with the administration of probiotics or vitamin C (p < 0.05). Overall, both probiotics and vitamin C supplements have the potential to maintain fish health. Vitamin C exhibits a greater potential than probiotics in regulating immune responses. Meanwhile, both probiotics and vitamin C supplements have potential to inhibit damage to the hepatic and intestine structures of fish exposed to PS.
{"title":"Supplementary Feed Potential on Histology and Immune Response of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) Exposed to Microplastics","authors":"Alfiah Hayati Alfiah Hayati, Manikya Pramudya Manikya Pramudya, Hari Soepriandono Hari Soepriandono, Listijani Suhargo Listijani Suhargo, Firli Rahmah Primula Dewi Firli Rahmah Primula Dewi, Bayyinatul Muchtaromah Bayyinatul Muchtaromah, Adamu Ayubu Mwendolwa Adamu Ayubu Mwendolwa","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-01","url":null,"abstract":"Polyester microplastics (PS) are toxic and hazardous chemicals in the ecosystem that can induce stress. Disposing PS articles into the environment can negatively impact health of aquatic biota, including fish. This study aimed to investigate the potential of probiotics or vitamin C supplementation in improving the histological structure of organs and cytokine secretion in tilapia fish exposed to PS. Thirty-six tilapia were divided into 12 groups consisting of treatment groups (four PS concentration variations: 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L). Each treatment was given three types of feed: Commercial feed alone, commercial feed containing probiotics (200 mL/kg), and commercial feed containing vitamin C (100 mg/kg). The study had a sample size of n=3. After treatment was completed, all parameters were measured. The result showed that the addition of probiotics and vitamin C could decrease TNF-α levels and increase IFN-γ levels. Probiotics and vitamin C prevent healthy cells to be damaged by pro-inflammatory cytokines. The percentage of normal hepatocytes increased significantly in all treatment groups with the addition of probiotics or vitamin C. Furthermore, the percentage of hepatocytes with swelling and necrosis decreased significantly in treatment groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, villi height, lamina propria width, submucosa height, and the number of goblet cells all increased significantly in all treatment groups with the administration of probiotics or vitamin C (p < 0.05). Overall, both probiotics and vitamin C supplements have the potential to maintain fish health. Vitamin C exhibits a greater potential than probiotics in regulating immune responses. Meanwhile, both probiotics and vitamin C supplements have potential to inhibit damage to the hepatic and intestine structures of fish exposed to PS.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48386650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-14
Ahmad Nur Afieq Idrus, K. Rehman, M. Zulfakar
Aloe vera is an herbaceous and perennial plant that belongs to Liliaceae family and used for many medicinal purposes. Aloe vera have been associated with the treatment of skin burns and postoperative wound healing but not many clinical studies have been conducted to evaluate its effectiveness against chronic wounds such as pressure injury. The present study aimed to systematically review clinical trials investigating the effect of Aloe vera on the prevention and healing of chronic wounds. To identify all related published studies, Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Ovid MEDLINE databases were searched in English language from the year 2015-2022. All clinical trials using Aloe vera gel, cream, or derivatives that included a control group with placebo or comparison with other treatments were included in the study according to the PRISMA selection process. In total, 11 trials that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. The results of the studies showed successful use of Aloe vera in the prevention and treatment of chronic wounds including pressure injuries, chronic wound ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, chronic anal fissures, and traumatic oral ulceration due to orthodontic appliances. Based on its safety and efficacy profile, this review concluded that Aloe verahas potential benefits to be used as a complementary or alternative treatment in chronic wounds along with conventional methods. Its ability to retain skin moisture and preservation of skin integrity supports its use in the prevention of ulcers.
{"title":"A Systematic Review of the Clinical Effectiveness of Aloe Vera for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Wounds","authors":"Ahmad Nur Afieq Idrus, K. Rehman, M. Zulfakar","doi":"10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5206-14","url":null,"abstract":"Aloe vera is an herbaceous and perennial plant that belongs to Liliaceae family and used for many medicinal purposes. Aloe vera have been associated with the treatment of skin burns and postoperative wound healing but not many clinical studies have been conducted to evaluate its effectiveness against chronic wounds such as pressure injury. The present study aimed to systematically review clinical trials investigating the effect of Aloe vera on the prevention and healing of chronic wounds. To identify all related published studies, Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Ovid MEDLINE databases were searched in English language from the year 2015-2022. All clinical trials using Aloe vera gel, cream, or derivatives that included a control group with placebo or comparison with other treatments were included in the study according to the PRISMA selection process. In total, 11 trials that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. The results of the studies showed successful use of Aloe vera in the prevention and treatment of chronic wounds including pressure injuries, chronic wound ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, chronic anal fissures, and traumatic oral ulceration due to orthodontic appliances. Based on its safety and efficacy profile, this review concluded that Aloe verahas potential benefits to be used as a complementary or alternative treatment in chronic wounds along with conventional methods. Its ability to retain skin moisture and preservation of skin integrity supports its use in the prevention of ulcers.","PeriodicalId":21366,"journal":{"name":"Sains Malaysiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45943876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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