Resume La question de l’infomediation sociale, phenomene d’imbrication entre plateformes numeriques et ensembles sociaux, est debattue depuis plusieurs annees. La presente etude contribue a ce debat par l’analyse d’un large echantillon d’utilisateurs francophones sur Twitter, se focalisant sur le partage et la discussion de l’actualite. Bien que soit observee la « geometrie variable » d’une communication transversale a plusieurs etages, en ce qui concerne les sujets les plus partages et commentes, l’agenda observable sur cette plate-forme reflete en grande partie l’agenda mediatique plus large. A la difference des etudes portant sur les Etats-Unis, nous ne discernons aucune polarisation politique mais plutot un mainstream, dont l’hegemonie est pourtant loin d’etre totale.
{"title":"Pluralisme et infomédiation sociale de l'actualité : le cas de Twitter","authors":"Bernhard Rieder, Nikos Smyrnaios","doi":"10.3917/RES.176.0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/RES.176.0105","url":null,"abstract":"Resume La question de l’infomediation sociale, phenomene d’imbrication entre plateformes numeriques et ensembles sociaux, est debattue depuis plusieurs annees. La presente etude contribue a ce debat par l’analyse d’un large echantillon d’utilisateurs francophones sur Twitter, se focalisant sur le partage et la discussion de l’actualite. Bien que soit observee la « geometrie variable » d’une communication transversale a plusieurs etages, en ce qui concerne les sujets les plus partages et commentes, l’agenda observable sur cette plate-forme reflete en grande partie l’agenda mediatique plus large. A la difference des etudes portant sur les Etats-Unis, nous ne discernons aucune polarisation politique mais plutot un mainstream, dont l’hegemonie est pourtant loin d’etre totale.","PeriodicalId":213999,"journal":{"name":"Réseaux. The French journal of communication","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122283463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary: In France there is an unfortunate gap between academic research into television and industry-based studies carried out in the research departments of television companies. Among university academics, 'audience researchers' have had a bad press. It is assumed that they are biased in favour of a programme scheduling policy aimed at a mass audience and subject to the 'dictatorship of the ratings' and are thus inimical to all creators and innovators. Audience researchers are thought to personify subservient research. I would like to demonstrate that this profession is both more subtle and more widely useful than is generally known. I will try to show: that it helps clarify the complex nature of the television audience; that it promotes a better understanding of the behaviour of television viewers; that the knowledge it provides is indispensable for those who decide television scheduling policy: and that this information is particularly important in any consideration of the mission of the public sector channels).
{"title":"Audience research as a scheduling tool.","authors":"M. Souchon","doi":"10.3406/RESO.1993.3250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/RESO.1993.3250","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: In France there is an unfortunate gap between academic research into television and industry-based studies carried out in the research departments of television companies. Among university academics, 'audience researchers' have had a bad press. It is assumed that they are biased in favour of a programme scheduling policy aimed at a mass audience and subject to the 'dictatorship of the ratings' and are thus inimical to all creators and innovators. Audience researchers are thought to personify subservient research. I would like to demonstrate that this profession is both more subtle and more widely useful than is generally known. I will try to show: that it helps clarify the complex nature of the television audience; that it promotes a better understanding of the behaviour of television viewers; that the knowledge it provides is indispensable for those who decide television scheduling policy: and that this information is particularly important in any consideration of the mission of the public sector channels).","PeriodicalId":213999,"journal":{"name":"Réseaux. The French journal of communication","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117065566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary: One of the main fields of application of game theory is the economics of imperfect competition. This article reviews the main lessons learned from the theory, particularly in relation to the struggle for the first move and the origins of co-operation. These analyses are then applied to forms of competition in the telecommunications sector, and to strategic choices between information highways and debt reduction.
{"title":"Lessons from Game Theory for Telecommunications","authors":"E. Turpin, L. Libbrecht","doi":"10.3406/RESO.1998.3335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/RESO.1998.3335","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: One of the main fields of application of game theory is the economics of imperfect competition. This article reviews the main lessons learned from the theory, particularly in relation to the struggle for the first move and the origins of co-operation. These analyses are then applied to forms of competition in the telecommunications sector, and to strategic choices between information highways and debt reduction.","PeriodicalId":213999,"journal":{"name":"Réseaux. The French journal of communication","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122181374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary: Sociology today is very often confronted with the assumption that communication is a purely instrumental, intransitive activity. It furthermore faces the idea that the media do not serve as a basis for the conflictual construction of representations, norms and values, but only as an empirical and disordered juxtaposition of meaningless information. Consequently, it seems relevant to question the value of notions such as the 'public sphere' and 'public opinion'. The latter is a necessity peculiar to modern societies which, without tradition, have to rely on argumentation and intersubjectivity to operate. The pseudo-scientific positivism which is alleged to have replaced teleological discourse in the public sphere has in this sense to be considered as rhetoric, a means of argumentation.
{"title":"Medium without message? Followed by 'Public opinion, in spite of all'","authors":"Paul Beaud, L. Libbrecht","doi":"10.3406/RESO.1994.3284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/RESO.1994.3284","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: Sociology today is very often confronted with the assumption that communication is a purely instrumental, intransitive activity. It furthermore faces the idea that the media do not serve as a basis for the conflictual construction of representations, norms and values, but only as an empirical and disordered juxtaposition of meaningless information. Consequently, it seems relevant to question the value of notions such as the 'public sphere' and 'public opinion'. The latter is a necessity peculiar to modern societies which, without tradition, have to rely on argumentation and intersubjectivity to operate. The pseudo-scientific positivism which is alleged to have replaced teleological discourse in the public sphere has in this sense to be considered as rhetoric, a means of argumentation.","PeriodicalId":213999,"journal":{"name":"Réseaux. The French journal of communication","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116724185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary: With the current proliferation of personal media in the home and particularly in children's bedrooms, analogies between early television and today's new screen-based media are taken as a basis for applying to the personal computer lessons learned from television. A parallel can be drawn in terms of usage and effects on domestic time and space, on social and family relations and on lifestyles, for young people are generally at the cutting edge of these developments. The two main tendencies of our societies, towards 'privatization' and individualization, constitute the historical backdrop to these processes. Apart from social and cultural changes and the proliferation of currently available media, it is relevant to study the cycle of usage - from the elite to the general public to specialists - of these media seem as their status evolves from 'new' to 'familiar'.
{"title":"Young People and the New Media: On learning lessons from TV to apply to the PC","authors":"S. Livingstone","doi":"10.3406/RESO.1999.3349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/RESO.1999.3349","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: With the current proliferation of personal media in the home and particularly in children's bedrooms, analogies between early television and today's new screen-based media are taken as a basis for applying to the personal computer lessons learned from television. A parallel can be drawn in terms of usage and effects on domestic time and space, on social and family relations and on lifestyles, for young people are generally at the cutting edge of these developments. The two main tendencies of our societies, towards 'privatization' and individualization, constitute the historical backdrop to these processes. Apart from social and cultural changes and the proliferation of currently available media, it is relevant to study the cycle of usage - from the elite to the general public to specialists - of these media seem as their status evolves from 'new' to 'familiar'.","PeriodicalId":213999,"journal":{"name":"Réseaux. The French journal of communication","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124690641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary: Discussion programmes, long dominated by the 'debate' model, were gradually superseded on French television in the mid-eighties by a new model known in professional and critical discourse by the generic term 'talk show'. This change can be imputed to a shift in the 'communicational imagination' of the professionals (presenters and producers) on whom the process of mediating these programmes depends. If we extend our investigation to include Europe and North America, we find that there are in fact several models, each fulfilling a different social function, which can broadly be described as 'talk shows'. The emergence and proliferation of such shows provides an effective indicator of a new relationship between television and its public, and of a new way of regulating programme schedules. It also makes possible a reconsideration of the elaboration of both internal and external communication contracts for studio performances in general.
{"title":"The imaginery in Televised Talk. Permanence, change and conflict","authors":"G. Lochard, Jean-Claude Soulages, L. Libbrecht","doi":"10.3406/RESO.1996.3303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/RESO.1996.3303","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: Discussion programmes, long dominated by the 'debate' model, were gradually superseded on French television in the mid-eighties by a new model known in professional and critical discourse by the generic term 'talk show'. This change can be imputed to a shift in the 'communicational imagination' of the professionals (presenters and producers) on whom the process of mediating these programmes depends. If we extend our investigation to include Europe and North America, we find that there are in fact several models, each fulfilling a different social function, which can broadly be described as 'talk shows'. The emergence and proliferation of such shows provides an effective indicator of a new relationship between television and its public, and of a new way of regulating programme schedules. It also makes possible a reconsideration of the elaboration of both internal and external communication contracts for studio performances in general.","PeriodicalId":213999,"journal":{"name":"Réseaux. The French journal of communication","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116180212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary: With the shift from "Europessimism" to a more pro-active attitude towards the completion of the Common Market at the beginning of the 1980s, attention was focused on the main drawback in the organization of telecommunications, i.e. public monopolies which competitively supported their national flagships. The Research on Advanced Communications in Europe (RACE) was an attempt by the European Community to do away with this system. The programme did, to some extent, eliminate duplication but not X- inefficiency. Its only real achievement seems to have been the development of contact between European firms. If this was the true goal of RACE, then full co-ordination, in the sense Ulph gives to it, was not necessary. Simple co-ordination would have been sufficient. The co-operative approach adopted with RACE enabled the European industry to stay afloat at a time of technological upheaval. It did not, however, enable this industry to take the lead.
{"title":"Assessing Public Support for Co-operative R&D: The Case of the RACE Programme","authors":"Godefroy Dang-N'Guyen","doi":"10.3406/RESO.1998.3337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/RESO.1998.3337","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: With the shift from \"Europessimism\" to a more pro-active attitude towards the completion of the Common Market at the beginning of the 1980s, attention was focused on the main drawback in the organization of telecommunications, i.e. public monopolies which competitively supported their national flagships. The Research on Advanced Communications in Europe (RACE) was an attempt by the European Community to do away with this system. The programme did, to some extent, eliminate duplication but not X- inefficiency. Its only real achievement seems to have been the development of contact between European firms. If this was the true goal of RACE, then full co-ordination, in the sense Ulph gives to it, was not necessary. Simple co-ordination would have been sufficient. The co-operative approach adopted with RACE enabled the European industry to stay afloat at a time of technological upheaval. It did not, however, enable this industry to take the lead.","PeriodicalId":213999,"journal":{"name":"Réseaux. The French journal of communication","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126462384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary: An essential aspect of telephone use by the general public is its role at key moments in family life: marriage, divorce or separation, birth, childhood events, illness and death. Usually an event is announced by telephone; a letter or a telegram is considered less appropriate, at least for the more immediate family members. While any telephone conversation enables interlocutors to maintain their relationships, the announcement by phone of an event relevant to the family emphasises them. One telephones to announce an event, to inquire about another's well-being, to reassure a family member, to provide support and to be, in a sense, present.
{"title":"The telephone visit. 'Hold on, Gramps!'","authors":"Ruth Akers-Porrini","doi":"10.3406/RESO.1997.3331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/RESO.1997.3331","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: An essential aspect of telephone use by the general public is its role at key moments in family life: marriage, divorce or separation, birth, childhood events, illness and death. Usually an event is announced by telephone; a letter or a telegram is considered less appropriate, at least for the more immediate family members. While any telephone conversation enables interlocutors to maintain their relationships, the announcement by phone of an event relevant to the family emphasises them. One telephones to announce an event, to inquire about another's well-being, to reassure a family member, to provide support and to be, in a sense, present.","PeriodicalId":213999,"journal":{"name":"Réseaux. The French journal of communication","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126515760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary: French television, which until recently was no more than an intermediary between the establishment and the general public, developed a new type of programme in the 1990s based on emotion, confession and individual messages. The 'television of intimacy' provoked strong criticism for its voyeuristic and exhibitionist aspects and for abusing its power by actively intervening in public life. In this conclusion to her book La Television de l'intimite, the author argues that the new programmes meet a need to express expectations, hopes and criticisms that the social fabric does not satisfy.
{"title":"The television of intimacy. Meeting a social need","authors":"Dominique Mehl, P. Ridel","doi":"10.3406/RESO.1996.3306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/RESO.1996.3306","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: French television, which until recently was no more than an intermediary between the establishment and the general public, developed a new type of programme in the 1990s based on emotion, confession and individual messages. The 'television of intimacy' provoked strong criticism for its voyeuristic and exhibitionist aspects and for abusing its power by actively intervening in public life. In this conclusion to her book La Television de l'intimite, the author argues that the new programmes meet a need to express expectations, hopes and criticisms that the social fabric does not satisfy.","PeriodicalId":213999,"journal":{"name":"Réseaux. The French journal of communication","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128073843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary: In pre-1989 Eastern Europe, the videocassette recorder presented a threat to the ideological homogeneity of the party-state. The spread of video was society's response to this hegemony of the party, and above all it provided access to the western way of life through the consumption of the forbidden fruit of entertainment. Disconcerted by this medium, the authorities wondered how they could exploit it without favouring the 'class enemy'. The black market was to solve the dilemma first, as audiences - ignored in the Soviet conception of international communication - asserted their rights.
{"title":"Pre-1989 East-West Video - Entertainment Without Borders","authors":"Tristan Mattelart, L. Libbrecht","doi":"10.3406/RESO.1994.3282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/RESO.1994.3282","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: In pre-1989 Eastern Europe, the videocassette recorder presented a threat to the ideological homogeneity of the party-state. The spread of video was society's response to this hegemony of the party, and above all it provided access to the western way of life through the consumption of the forbidden fruit of entertainment. Disconcerted by this medium, the authorities wondered how they could exploit it without favouring the 'class enemy'. The black market was to solve the dilemma first, as audiences - ignored in the Soviet conception of international communication - asserted their rights.","PeriodicalId":213999,"journal":{"name":"Réseaux. The French journal of communication","volume":"34 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132539926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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