Sbornik vedeckych praci Lekarske fakulty Karlovy university v Hradci Kralove最新文献

The authors analyse the methods of treatment for the peptic ulcer disease (PUD) in two 5-year periods (group A 1979-1983, group B 1985-1989). From these groups patients with perforated gastroduodenal ulcer were excluded. In the first period 206 operations were carried out using nearly exclusively classical partial gastrectomies of both types (94 per cent). The second period involves 94 operations, where the most frequent type of operations was the proximal gastric vagotomy (40.4 per cent), and vagotomy with anthrectomy in the Roux-en-Y modification (26.6 per cent). The number of operations for a complicated PUD has increased from 43.2 per cent to 53.2 per cent, the ratio between the duodenal and gastric ulcer has changed from 3:1 to 2:1. The mortality was 5.3 and 4.7 per cent respectively, the morbidity 14.5 and 13.8 per cent respectively. The authors confirmed their accordance with the world-wide trend of diminution of the proportion of surgically treated PUD and a shift in the pattern of surgical methods towards the non-resective and more physiological procedures.

The C6 astrocytoma cell line was inoculated intracerebrally as suspension into the rat brain. Tumors were allowed to grow 2 to 60 days and their development was studied on coronal sections at these survival times. Tumor cells developed intraparenchymal solid tumor at the implantation site. C6 cells also filled out the needle track-area and spread into meninges. At 2 days postimplantation (2 DPI), tumor cells were observed to infiltrate recipient's brain directly from the implantation site or via perivascular spaces of adjacent cerebral blood vessels. Some cells escaped from the implantation channel during transplantation. They spread diffusely via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in leptomeningeal regions over the brain surface. At 10 DPI, the tumor mass invaded the adjacent brain parenchyma as well as cerebral ventricles (CV) and C6 cells could spread intraventricularly. At 30 DPI, tumor extremely increased its size and its growth was expansive. It exhibited areas of necrosis and later on, at 60 DPI, inoculated rat brains revealed large empty pseudocysts resulting from decay of necrotic tumor masses.

The course of intracerebral transplant rejection differs from rejection of grafts placed elsewhere in the body. There are many factors which may modulate immune responses in the central nervous system (CNS). Low expression of major histocompatibility gene complex (MHC) products on nervous tissue and the existence of the blood - brain barrier (BBB) seem to be the central components of this immune protection. Lymphatic drainage of the brain is limited, yet antigens introduced into the brain are drained to the lymph nodes. Some investigators highlight a lack of dendritic cells in the CNS, however, microglia, astrocytes and probably endothelial cells may act as antigen presenting cells in certain circumstances. Brain residual perivascular macrophages found in the Virchow-Robin spaces may be also involved in the process of graft recognition and rejection. Some neural cells (e.g. astrocytes) produce local immunosuppressive factors which may also contribute to prolonged neural graft survival. All these factors are not able to protect neural allo- and xenografts from rejection response. The rejection of neural intracerebral allo- and xenografts occurs suggesting the brain immune privilege is not absolute.

An experimental study on rats was performed to observe pathogenetic factors causing cancerogenesis in operated stomach. In sets I and II without exogenous carcinogen exposition 450 rats were operated upon by a different methods. In groups I it was B II gastrectomy, B II with Braun's anastomosis, B II in Roux en Y modification, B I and B I with jejunal interposition. In group II non-resective methods were tested: gastroenterostomy, gastroenterostomy with Braun's anastomosis, gastroenterostomy in Roux en Y modification, and vagotomy with pyloroplasty. In the group III 147 rats with different gastric operations were submitted to oral nitrate and nitrate with ascorbic acid exposition. The results confirmed significant pathogenetic influence of enterogastric reflux on cancerogenesis in the operated stomach. Ascorbic acid added to the exogenous cancerogen leads to a suppression of development of gastric cancer in rats.

A total of 58 children is referred to with fractured growth plates of the distal forearm, proximal humerus, radial condyle of humerus, ulnar epicondyle of humerus, distal tibia, proximal tibia and the distal femur. The related injuries are divided in accord with Salter-Harris classification. The treatment of epiphyseolyses is concerned together with summarizing its results and the appropriate experience. In addition, the indications for both conservative and surgical approaches are delimitated in treating these injuries.

Simple method of continual monitoring of the rat blood cholinesterase activity in vivo was used to demonstrate its inhibition following i. m. administration of acridine and carbamate inhibitors. Another type of inhibition was demonstrated for different routes of administration of highly toxic organophosphate, VX. Reactivation of the blood cholinesterase was also monitored following intoxication with VX and soman and treated with obidoxime and atropine. This continual determination of cholinesterase activity represents an useful approach to study effects of cholinesterase inhibitors.

We followed amino acid composition, sugar content, immunological reactivity and thermal coacervation of elastin-derived peptides in order to show whether the preparation procedure influenced the properties. Insoluble elastin was prepared by alkaline hydrolysis (N-elastin) or cyanogen bromide cleavage (C-elastin) of bovine ligamentum nuchae. The insoluble elastins were solubilized in oxalic acid, phosphoric acid or trifluoroacetic acid. The differences in properties were found in the case of trifluoroacetic hydrolysis only in comparison with soluble elastin-derived peptides prepared by oxalic or phosphoric acids hydrolysis. Trifluoroacetic acid probably breaks down the structure markedly including the antigenic determinants, which results in a low reactivity with antibodies. The ability of these peptides to form coacervates is also decreased.

Penis necrosis secondary to circumcision by an electrical scalpel in a 2 years and 2 months-old boy occurred. After healing of the electric burn only stumps of the erectile bodies and strictured urethral meatus remained. The penis shaft reconstruction by corpora mobilisation and by detachment of the crura from the pubo-ischial rami was effected. This procedure gained 6 cm of a new length of the penis. To prevent readhesions to the puboischial rami the penis was buried in a scrotal tunnel. Six months later the denuded shaft was resurfaced with one split thickness skin graft and a zigzag seam on the ventral side was made. The patient voids with good stream, has spontaneous erections and nocturnal emissions. During 10-years follow-up after the reconstruction two complications, namely a stricture of the urethra and a slight dorsal tethering of the penis caused by a scarred pubic skin were treated. The problems of the a reconstruction type and resurfacing of the penis in childhood are discussed.

Acetylcholinesterase activity in the blood, pontomedullar area, basal ganglia of the brain and diaphragm following sublethal soman poisoning (i. m., 31 micrograms/kg) was studied in four groups of rats (n = 6) pretreated as follows: intact, hepatectomized (65 % of resection), sham-operated and narcotized animals. Soman was administered 12 hours following hepatectomy, narcosis or sham-operation, respectively. Except hepatectomized rats, all animals in the groups survived: in hepatectomized rats, 2 animals died. Acetylcholinesterase activity was decreased in each group. The differences among enzyme activities in these groups were not statistically significant for the blood. The highest and significant (p < 0.01) decrease of this activity in the brain parts and diaphragm following hepatectomy was demonstrated. The results indicate that undiminished liver functional capacity is an important factor influencing soman toxicity.

The urinary excretion of four tryptophan metabolites, namely indolylacryloylglycine, indolylacetic, 5-hydroxyindolylacetic and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acids, was studied in two control groups, in children suffering from acute leukemia, hepatic and brain tumours and in adults with bladder cancer. Compared with controls, a significantly lower excretion of IAcrGly was observed in all patient groups with the exception of that with hepatic tumours. Hematological malignancies were further accompanied by low excretion of indolylacetic acid, and bladder cancers by a lower 5-hydroxyindolylacetic acid level. We found no correlation of the metabolites tested in individuals of any patient group. In controls, however, indolylacryloylglycine and indolylacetic acid did correlate.