Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i06.002
Ankur Yadav, Ankit Pandey, Sushil Kumar Tiwari
Clinical trials involve human beings so ethics become very important because everyone in the medical profession has forgotten the ethics for making more profits in terms of finance. In the world every country has their own rules and regulations and they work accordingly and follow their own behavior towards humans in clinical trials. For the humanity ground it is necessary for all countries to follow the same and ethical rules that are universal and worldwide acceptable. Several documents refer to codes of ethics that are Belmont Report, Declaration of Helsinki, Nuremberg Code, U.S. Common Rule etc. The core principles are designed on the basis of above reports. In this we discussed various biases in clinical trials with possible solutions.
{"title":"Ethics in Clinical Research: A Review","authors":"Ankur Yadav, Ankit Pandey, Sushil Kumar Tiwari","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i06.002","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical trials involve human beings so ethics become very important because everyone in the medical profession has forgotten the ethics for making more profits in terms of finance. In the world every country has their own rules and regulations and they work accordingly and follow their own behavior towards humans in clinical trials. For the humanity ground it is necessary for all countries to follow the same and ethical rules that are universal and worldwide acceptable. Several documents refer to codes of ethics that are Belmont Report, Declaration of Helsinki, Nuremberg Code, U.S. Common Rule etc. The core principles are designed on the basis of above reports. In this we discussed various biases in clinical trials with possible solutions.","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141385788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i06.005
N. verma, Sudhanshu Dubey, Saurabh Singh, Sourav Sourav
A broad family of materials called polymers is made up of several tiny molecules. Nearly every industry uses polymers, including rubber, cotton, wool, Teflon(tm), and plastics of all kinds. The remarkable resemblance between the infrared absorption spectra of heavenly objects and cellulose indicates its existence. The uppermost layer of the film is composed of cellulose pellicle. Most materials, including the metal used in springs, are elastic because of bond distortions. Rubber's lengthy, tightly wrapped polymer chains are connected at a few locations when it is relaxed. The main goal of polymeric delivery systems is to produce regulated or prolonged pharmaceutical dispersion. It has also been possible to target medications to the colon after oral administration by utilizing polysaccharides. Future interesting new applications for polymeric materials have a huge promise. Uses for polymers are being developed in a wide range of fields.
{"title":"History, Classification and Application of Polymers: A Review","authors":"N. verma, Sudhanshu Dubey, Saurabh Singh, Sourav Sourav","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i06.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i06.005","url":null,"abstract":"A broad family of materials called polymers is made up of several tiny molecules. Nearly every industry uses polymers, including rubber, cotton, wool, Teflon(tm), and plastics of all kinds. The remarkable resemblance between the infrared absorption spectra of heavenly objects and cellulose indicates its existence. The uppermost layer of the film is composed of cellulose pellicle. Most materials, including the metal used in springs, are elastic because of bond distortions. Rubber's lengthy, tightly wrapped polymer chains are connected at a few locations when it is relaxed. The main goal of polymeric delivery systems is to produce regulated or prolonged pharmaceutical dispersion. It has also been possible to target medications to the colon after oral administration by utilizing polysaccharides. Future interesting new applications for polymeric materials have a huge promise. Uses for polymers are being developed in a wide range of fields.","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"44 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141384651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i06.003
N. verma, Uma Srivastava, Satya Prakash Singh, S. Yadav, Pragya Mishra
Tablet is defined as solid pharmaceutical dosage form containing drug substance generally with suitable diluents and prepared by either compression or molding methods. Tablets remain popular as a dosage form because of the advantages afforded, both to the manufacturer (e.g. simplicity and economy of the preparation, stability, and convenience in packing, shipping and dispensing) and the patient. Because of their composition, method of manufacture or intended use, tablets present a variety of characteristics and consequently there are several categories of tablets. Tablet formulation and design may be described as the process whereby the formulator ensures that the correct amount of the drug in the right form is delivered at or over the proper time at the proper rate and in the desired location, while having its chemical integrity protected to that point. Latest concepts and regulations focus on bioavailability, bioequivalence and validation etc. impact formulation designing and manufacture.
{"title":"A Review on Solid Dosage form: Tablet","authors":"N. verma, Uma Srivastava, Satya Prakash Singh, S. Yadav, Pragya Mishra","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i06.003","url":null,"abstract":"Tablet is defined as solid pharmaceutical dosage form containing drug substance generally with suitable diluents and prepared by either compression or molding methods. Tablets remain popular as a dosage form because of the advantages afforded, both to the manufacturer (e.g. simplicity and economy of the preparation, stability, and convenience in packing, shipping and dispensing) and the patient. Because of their composition, method of manufacture or intended use, tablets present a variety of characteristics and consequently there are several categories of tablets. Tablet formulation and design may be described as the process whereby the formulator ensures that the correct amount of the drug in the right form is delivered at or over the proper time at the proper rate and in the desired location, while having its chemical integrity protected to that point. Latest concepts and regulations focus on bioavailability, bioequivalence and validation etc. impact formulation designing and manufacture.","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141382090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Euphorbiaceae family has long been recognized for its diverse array of medicinal plants, containing bioactive compounds with significant pharmacological properties. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the pharmacological potential of the Euphorbiaceae family. Through an extensive literature search, we identify and analyze studies highlighting the various pharmacological activities exhibited by members of this botanical family. These activities include antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, analgesic, and anti-oxidant effects, among others. Furthermore, we delve into the underlying mechanisms of action of these bioactive compounds, shedding light on their therapeutic relevance. Additionally, we discuss the traditional uses of Euphorbiaceae plants in indigenous systems of medicine, as well as their integration into modern pharmaceutical practices. Overall, this review underscores the significance of the Euphorbiaceae family in drug discovery and development, emphasizing the need for further research to fully harness its potential for the benefit of global health.
{"title":"Phytochemical Profiling and their Pharmacological Activities of Traditional Plants of Euphorbiaceae Family: A Review","authors":"Shreya Maddhesiya, Neha Srivastava, Shiwani Jaiswal","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i06.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i06.004","url":null,"abstract":"The Euphorbiaceae family has long been recognized for its diverse array of medicinal plants, containing bioactive compounds with significant pharmacological properties. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the pharmacological potential of the Euphorbiaceae family. Through an extensive literature search, we identify and analyze studies highlighting the various pharmacological activities exhibited by members of this botanical family. These activities include antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, analgesic, and anti-oxidant effects, among others. Furthermore, we delve into the underlying mechanisms of action of these bioactive compounds, shedding light on their therapeutic relevance. Additionally, we discuss the traditional uses of Euphorbiaceae plants in indigenous systems of medicine, as well as their integration into modern pharmaceutical practices. Overall, this review underscores the significance of the Euphorbiaceae family in drug discovery and development, emphasizing the need for further research to fully harness its potential for the benefit of global health.","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141384594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Among the many carriers that are turned down for administering medications to various body nerves, cellular carriers must meet a number of requirements for clinical use, the most crucial of which is the carrier's biocompatibility with its degradation products. Leucocytes, platelets, erythrocytes, Nano erythrocytes, hepatocytes, and fibroblasts etc. have been proposed as cellular carrier structures. Among these, the erythrocytes have been the most explored and have found to own better potential in drug delivery. Bio-pharmaceuticals, intensely significant peptides and proteins, antigens, anticancer drug as well as vaccines, are among the freshly attentive pharmaceuticals for being transported using carrier erythrocytes. Vaccines, antigens, and anticancer drugs are among the pharmaceuticals that have recently been targeted for delivery via carrier erythrocytes. Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, have been studied in great detail because of their possible use as drug delivery vehicles. They are special and helpful carriers because of their biocompatibility, nonpathogenicity, nonimmunogenicity, and biodegradability. To prepare carrier erythrocytes, draw blood from the target organism and separate the erythrocytes from the plasma. Through a variety of techniques, the drug is entrapped within the broken cells, resulting in the erythrocytes being resealed and referred to as "resealed erythrocytes"—the carriers of the result. Many medications, such as aspirin, steroids, Resealed erythrocytes reduce the side effects of cancer drugs, which are numerous. The current review focuses on the isolation, drug loading techniques, evaluation techniques, and drug delivery applications of sealed erythrocytes.
{"title":"Resealed Erythrocytes: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"N. verma, Swati Mishra, Shashi Srivastava, Praveen Kumar Rao, Satysaran Singh, Raghu nandan","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i06.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i06.008","url":null,"abstract":"Among the many carriers that are turned down for administering medications to various body nerves, cellular carriers must meet a number of requirements for clinical use, the most crucial of which is the carrier's biocompatibility with its degradation products. Leucocytes, platelets, erythrocytes, Nano erythrocytes, hepatocytes, and fibroblasts etc. have been proposed as cellular carrier structures. Among these, the erythrocytes have been the most explored and have found to own better potential in drug delivery. Bio-pharmaceuticals, intensely significant peptides and proteins, antigens, anticancer drug as well as vaccines, are among the freshly attentive pharmaceuticals for being transported using carrier erythrocytes. Vaccines, antigens, and anticancer drugs are among the pharmaceuticals that have recently been targeted for delivery via carrier erythrocytes. Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, have been studied in great detail because of their possible use as drug delivery vehicles. They are special and helpful carriers because of their biocompatibility, nonpathogenicity, nonimmunogenicity, and biodegradability. To prepare carrier erythrocytes, draw blood from the target organism and separate the erythrocytes from the plasma. Through a variety of techniques, the drug is entrapped within the broken cells, resulting in the erythrocytes being resealed and referred to as \"resealed erythrocytes\"—the carriers of the result. Many medications, such as aspirin, steroids, Resealed erythrocytes reduce the side effects of cancer drugs, which are numerous. The current review focuses on the isolation, drug loading techniques, evaluation techniques, and drug delivery applications of sealed erythrocytes.","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"27 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141382492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i06.006
Sanjana Mishra, N. verma, Tarun Kumar
Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria; fungus, influenza, and parasites. Illnesses have the ability to transmit between people through direct or indirect means. The world's second most common cause of death is infectious diseases. Roughly 25% of the medications humans require come from plants found in rainforests. Only a little amount of scientific research has been done on therapeutic plants. Due of bacteria's resistance to the antibiotics that are now in use, new antibacterial medicines have to be developed. In rural and underdeveloped parts of India, a variety of plants are commonly utilized as herbal medicines to cure infectious ailments. This chapter reviews the literature on the use of medicinal plants to treat illnesses like pneumonia and malaria. Traditional medicine is preferred primary health care system in many rural areas for variety of reasons, including its affordability and efficacy. The current study focused on existing medicinal plant literature, with ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology details being highlighted. All of examined plants showed potent action, supporting their conventional uses as well as their ability to cure common diseases. Curcuma longa L., Punica granatum L. and Justicia adhatoda L. were most widely used plant families for pneumonia therapy in research area (each with seven plants); of these, Curcumalonga L., Punica granatum L. and Justicia adhatoda L. had most inhibiting ability against Staphylococcusaureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Ascorbic acid, curcumin, vasicine, piperine, quercetin, myricetin and gallic acid have all been derived from these plants and are said to have antibacterial properties. Although Himalayan region has wide range of ethnomedicinal plants used to treat pneumonia, research on in-vivo activity, toxicology, and mechanism of action is minimal. As result, in order to produce novel antibacterial drugs from studied plant species, thorough study of these aspects
{"title":"Herbal Treatment of Pneumonia (Treatment of Pneumonia from Medicinal Plants): A Review","authors":"Sanjana Mishra, N. verma, Tarun Kumar","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i06.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i06.006","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria; fungus, influenza, and parasites. Illnesses have the ability to transmit between people through direct or indirect means. The world's second most common cause of death is infectious diseases. Roughly 25% of the medications humans require come from plants found in rainforests. Only a little amount of scientific research has been done on therapeutic plants. Due of bacteria's resistance to the antibiotics that are now in use, new antibacterial medicines have to be developed. In rural and underdeveloped parts of India, a variety of plants are commonly utilized as herbal medicines to cure infectious ailments. This chapter reviews the literature on the use of medicinal plants to treat illnesses like pneumonia and malaria. Traditional medicine is preferred primary health care system in many rural areas for variety of reasons, including its affordability and efficacy. The current study focused on existing medicinal plant literature, with ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology details being highlighted. All of examined plants showed potent action, supporting their conventional uses as well as their ability to cure common diseases. Curcuma longa L., Punica granatum L. and Justicia adhatoda L. were most widely used plant families for pneumonia therapy in research area (each with seven plants); of these, Curcumalonga L., Punica granatum L. and Justicia adhatoda L. had most inhibiting ability against Staphylococcusaureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Ascorbic acid, curcumin, vasicine, piperine, quercetin, myricetin and gallic acid have all been derived from these plants and are said to have antibacterial properties. Although Himalayan region has wide range of ethnomedicinal plants used to treat pneumonia, research on in-vivo activity, toxicology, and mechanism of action is minimal. As result, in order to produce novel antibacterial drugs from studied plant species, thorough study of these aspects","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"41 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141381815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease of the intestines. IBD, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are characterized by a complex interplay of environmental, genetic, and immunological variables. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is caused by the interplay of a person's immune system with precipitating environmental variables, which in people with a genetic predisposition causes an abnormally persistent inflammatory response. The pattern and severity of dietary deficits linked to IBD vary on the level, duration, and activity of the inflammation. However, there is little evidence that dietary changes can modify the course of IBD, and there are no evidence-based dietary recommendations for IBD patients. As a result, patients look to non-medical sources for nutritional advice, such as patient support groups and unreliable websites. The purpose of this review is to discover patient-specific dietary recommendations for IBD and to evaluate their nutritional value. We examine patient-specific dietary data for IBD from popular defined diets and structured internet searches. Dietary advice for specific patients focuses on.
{"title":"A Common Supplement Used in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","authors":"Prashant Singh, N. verma, Raveesh Kharwar, Shail Kumari, Shivam Jaiswal, Satyam Bhardwaj","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i06.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i06.007","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease of the intestines. IBD, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are characterized by a complex interplay of environmental, genetic, and immunological variables. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is caused by the interplay of a person's immune system with precipitating environmental variables, which in people with a genetic predisposition causes an abnormally persistent inflammatory response. The pattern and severity of dietary deficits linked to IBD vary on the level, duration, and activity of the inflammation. However, there is little evidence that dietary changes can modify the course of IBD, and there are no evidence-based dietary recommendations for IBD patients. As a result, patients look to non-medical sources for nutritional advice, such as patient support groups and unreliable websites. The purpose of this review is to discover patient-specific dietary recommendations for IBD and to evaluate their nutritional value. We examine patient-specific dietary data for IBD from popular defined diets and structured internet searches. Dietary advice for specific patients focuses on.","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"312 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141386277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i06.001
Nimesh Agrawal, N. verma, Saumya Srivastava, Sanch Srivastava
In the recent year colonic drug delivery is important for delivery of drug for the treatment of local disease. Targeted drug delivery into the colon is highly desirable for local treatment of a variety of bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, amoebiosis, colonic cancer, local treatment of colonic pathologies, and systemic delivery of protein and peptide drugs. This article gives overview on different approaches of colon targeted drug delivery system such as pH sensitive polymer coated drug delivery to colon, time Controlled release drug delivery to Colon microbially triggered systems, prodrug approach to drug delivery to colon it also consist of recent approaches of colon targeted drug delivery such as pressure controlled drug-Delivery Systems, Novel Colon Targeted Delivery System (CODESTM), Osmotic Controlled Drug Delivery (ORDS-CT).
{"title":"Colon Specific and Targeted Drug Delivery System (CDDS): A Review","authors":"Nimesh Agrawal, N. verma, Saumya Srivastava, Sanch Srivastava","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i06.001","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent year colonic drug delivery is important for delivery of drug for the treatment of local disease. Targeted drug delivery into the colon is highly desirable for local treatment of a variety of bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, amoebiosis, colonic cancer, local treatment of colonic pathologies, and systemic delivery of protein and peptide drugs. This article gives overview on different approaches of colon targeted drug delivery system such as pH sensitive polymer coated drug delivery to colon, time Controlled release drug delivery to Colon microbially triggered systems, prodrug approach to drug delivery to colon it also consist of recent approaches of colon targeted drug delivery such as pressure controlled drug-Delivery Systems, Novel Colon Targeted Delivery System (CODESTM), Osmotic Controlled Drug Delivery (ORDS-CT).","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"6 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141388011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-23DOI: 10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i03.003
Soufiane Ouelkabir, Chaimae Brahmi, Hamza Masca, Y. Tadlaoui
Malaria is transmitted by a parasite carried by certain species of Anopheles mosquitoes. The much-debated mefloquine was discovered in the 1970s by U.S. Army researchers. It is widely used to prevent and treat malaria. Our aim is to evaluate the different types of adverse reactions reported by military personnel at the Moroccan hospital in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This is a prospective, cross-sectional study lasting three months. It was carried out using a three-part questionnaire (patient identification, vector protection used, adverse events reported, and whether or not a malaria attack had occurred). 67 military personnel. The majority of soldiers were men (97.28%), with 95% aged between 26 and 45. 100% of soldiers used mosquito nets and repellents. During the first month of chemoprophylaxis, 30% of soldiers had adverse reactions (60% had nightmares, 30% had asthenia, and 10% had somnolence). From the second month onwards, 50% of soldiers had adverse reactions (65% nightmares, 40% asthenia, 20% memory disorders, 10% somnolence, 5% headaches, and 5% insomnia). Towards the end of the third month, 53% of servicemen experienced adverse reactions (65% nightmares, 40% asthenia, 20% memory disorders, 10% somnolence, 5% headaches, 5% insomnia, and 3% anxiety). During these three months, only one case suffered a malaria attack. Mefloquine is an antimalarial drug commonly used to prevent and treat malaria. It is important to note that chemoprophylaxis alone does not guarantee 100% protection against malaria. Additional measures must therefore be taken, such as wearing long, light clothing, using insecticide-impregnated mosquito nets, and using repellents.
{"title":"Monitoring Adverse Effects and Efficacy Associated with Short-Term Mefloquine Chemoprophylaxis: Experience of the Moroccan Level II Hospital in the Democratic Republic of the Congo","authors":"Soufiane Ouelkabir, Chaimae Brahmi, Hamza Masca, Y. Tadlaoui","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i03.003","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is transmitted by a parasite carried by certain species of Anopheles mosquitoes. The much-debated mefloquine was discovered in the 1970s by U.S. Army researchers. It is widely used to prevent and treat malaria. Our aim is to evaluate the different types of adverse reactions reported by military personnel at the Moroccan hospital in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This is a prospective, cross-sectional study lasting three months. It was carried out using a three-part questionnaire (patient identification, vector protection used, adverse events reported, and whether or not a malaria attack had occurred). 67 military personnel. The majority of soldiers were men (97.28%), with 95% aged between 26 and 45. 100% of soldiers used mosquito nets and repellents. During the first month of chemoprophylaxis, 30% of soldiers had adverse reactions (60% had nightmares, 30% had asthenia, and 10% had somnolence). From the second month onwards, 50% of soldiers had adverse reactions (65% nightmares, 40% asthenia, 20% memory disorders, 10% somnolence, 5% headaches, and 5% insomnia). Towards the end of the third month, 53% of servicemen experienced adverse reactions (65% nightmares, 40% asthenia, 20% memory disorders, 10% somnolence, 5% headaches, 5% insomnia, and 3% anxiety). During these three months, only one case suffered a malaria attack. Mefloquine is an antimalarial drug commonly used to prevent and treat malaria. It is important to note that chemoprophylaxis alone does not guarantee 100% protection against malaria. Additional measures must therefore be taken, such as wearing long, light clothing, using insecticide-impregnated mosquito nets, and using repellents.","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":" 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140386618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At 30% of all fatalities worldwide, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major cause of mortality. The WHO estimates that 17.9 million people die from CVDs annually and that number will rise to 22.2 million by 2030. As individuals age, the mortality rate rises. In terms of gender, women die from CVD at a greater rate (51%) than do men (42%). The intricate clinical illness known as congestive heart failure (CHF) is marked by an inefficient heartbeat, which compromises the body's blood flow. Any condition affecting blood ejection from the ventricles into the systemic circulation or ventricular filling might lead to CHF. Daucus carota, Nerium oleander, Amaranthus viridis, Ginkgo biloba, Terminalia arjuna, Picrorhiza kurroa, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Tinospora cordifolia, Mucuna pruriens, Hydrocotyle asiatica, Bombax ceiba, and Andrographis paniculate are a few medicinal plants that are well-known for treating cardiovascular disease. These plants include flavonoids, polyphenols, plant sterol, plant sulphur compounds, and terpenoids, which are active phytochemicals. Given the rising incidence of CVD, a number of physiologically active substances with established biological effects have been identified discovered in a variety of plants; nonetheless, proper CVD preventive and treatment strategies are still needed. To fully comprehend the mechanism and phytochemicals found in particular plants that cure CVD, more study is required.
{"title":"CHF: A Disease Capturing Indians","authors":"Vikas Sharma, Md Naushad ali, Md Osama Md Osama, Vatsala Agarwal, Syed Salman Ali, Anima Raut","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i02.002","url":null,"abstract":"At 30% of all fatalities worldwide, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major cause of mortality. The WHO estimates that 17.9 million people die from CVDs annually and that number will rise to 22.2 million by 2030. As individuals age, the mortality rate rises. In terms of gender, women die from CVD at a greater rate (51%) than do men (42%). The intricate clinical illness known as congestive heart failure (CHF) is marked by an inefficient heartbeat, which compromises the body's blood flow. Any condition affecting blood ejection from the ventricles into the systemic circulation or ventricular filling might lead to CHF. Daucus carota, Nerium oleander, Amaranthus viridis, Ginkgo biloba, Terminalia arjuna, Picrorhiza kurroa, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Tinospora cordifolia, Mucuna pruriens, Hydrocotyle asiatica, Bombax ceiba, and Andrographis paniculate are a few medicinal plants that are well-known for treating cardiovascular disease. These plants include flavonoids, polyphenols, plant sterol, plant sulphur compounds, and terpenoids, which are active phytochemicals. Given the rising incidence of CVD, a number of physiologically active substances with established biological effects have been identified discovered in a variety of plants; nonetheless, proper CVD preventive and treatment strategies are still needed. To fully comprehend the mechanism and phytochemicals found in particular plants that cure CVD, more study is required.","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"165 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140445831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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