Pub Date : 2023-02-08DOI: 10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i02.002
Ö. Temiz, Soner Turan, Şebnem Sarışan İçen, Gönül Kayar
The application of the Quality by Design (QbD) principles in developing a novel high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the analysis of liothyronine sodium related substances for finished product using Fusion QbD® software is explored. The effect of various chromatographic parameters including, column stationary phase, initial hold time and gradient time on separations were systematically investigated. Results show that optimal separations of these compounds in a standard solution can be achieved using a X Bridge C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 μm, 5m), maintained at sample temperature 15°C by using pH 2.0 buffer solution as mobile phase-A and methanol as mobile phase-B with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min at 225 nm of detection and a gradient time of 38 minutes. The injection volume is 200 μl. Pre-validation studies of the method were performed and all the parameters met the acceptance criteria. The results are demonstrated that optimized method is selective, linear, precise, repeatable and accurate.
{"title":"High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method Development and Validation for Separation of Liothyronine Sodium Related Substances Using a Quality by Design Approach","authors":"Ö. Temiz, Soner Turan, Şebnem Sarışan İçen, Gönül Kayar","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i02.002","url":null,"abstract":"The application of the Quality by Design (QbD) principles in developing a novel high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the analysis of liothyronine sodium related substances for finished product using Fusion QbD® software is explored. The effect of various chromatographic parameters including, column stationary phase, initial hold time and gradient time on separations were systematically investigated. Results show that optimal separations of these compounds in a standard solution can be achieved using a X Bridge C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 μm, 5m), maintained at sample temperature 15°C by using pH 2.0 buffer solution as mobile phase-A and methanol as mobile phase-B with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min at 225 nm of detection and a gradient time of 38 minutes. The injection volume is 200 μl. Pre-validation studies of the method were performed and all the parameters met the acceptance criteria. The results are demonstrated that optimized method is selective, linear, precise, repeatable and accurate.","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78890535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-30DOI: 10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i01.003
Dr. Ahmad Mohammad Issa Al-Masri
As an autoimmune disorder, type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a serious health problem. It's becoming more commonplace as time goes on. The primary goal of this literature review is to examine how early on in the course of T1D treatment emergency departments might be involved in the care of patients who develop autoimmune disorders. Patients with type 1 diabetes are frequently admitted to the hospital, and it is important to screen them for other autoimmune disorders as part of any trial of treatment. Given the significance of the link between T1D and the development of autoimmune diseases, emergency physicians should be prepared to screen for these conditions, and the emergency department policy should be revised to include the provision of screening tools like appropriate questionnaires and a panel of representative autoimmune disease tests.
{"title":"Management of Patients with Type1 Diabetes and Autoimmunity in the Emergency Room","authors":"Dr. Ahmad Mohammad Issa Al-Masri","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i01.003","url":null,"abstract":"As an autoimmune disorder, type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a serious health problem. It's becoming more commonplace as time goes on. The primary goal of this literature review is to examine how early on in the course of T1D treatment emergency departments might be involved in the care of patients who develop autoimmune disorders. Patients with type 1 diabetes are frequently admitted to the hospital, and it is important to screen them for other autoimmune disorders as part of any trial of treatment. Given the significance of the link between T1D and the development of autoimmune diseases, emergency physicians should be prepared to screen for these conditions, and the emergency department policy should be revised to include the provision of screening tools like appropriate questionnaires and a panel of representative autoimmune disease tests.","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84139632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-21DOI: 10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i01.002
S. Yaya, Mian Jean Claude, Ehoussou N’douffou Célestin, Kouassi Ange Michel Aimé, Coulibaly Sirabana, T. Flavien
Cassia sieberiana is a tree of 8 to 10 meters in height, used to treat various diseases including malaria, dysmenorrhea and many others. Our objective is the scientific valorisation of Cassia sieberiana, a plant used in therapy in the Ivory Coast, through the evaluation of the estrogenic activity of the root bark of Cassia sieberiana. To do this, the phytochemical study was carried out in order to determine the main chemical constituents with therapeutic potential, then the acute toxicity by gavage was carried out and finally the estrogenic activity was verified. The phytochemical study revealed the presence of sterols, polyterpenes, polyphenols, flavonoids, catechic tannins, saponosides and alkaloids. As for the toxicity study, it allowed us to determine a per os LD50 > 5000 mg/kg PC. The aqueous extract of the root bark of Cassia sieberiana has an estrogenic activity.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Oestrogenic Activity of Cassia sieberiana Root Bark (Calsepinaceae)","authors":"S. Yaya, Mian Jean Claude, Ehoussou N’douffou Célestin, Kouassi Ange Michel Aimé, Coulibaly Sirabana, T. Flavien","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Cassia sieberiana is a tree of 8 to 10 meters in height, used to treat various diseases including malaria, dysmenorrhea and many others. Our objective is the scientific valorisation of Cassia sieberiana, a plant used in therapy in the Ivory Coast, through the evaluation of the estrogenic activity of the root bark of Cassia sieberiana. To do this, the phytochemical study was carried out in order to determine the main chemical constituents with therapeutic potential, then the acute toxicity by gavage was carried out and finally the estrogenic activity was verified. The phytochemical study revealed the presence of sterols, polyterpenes, polyphenols, flavonoids, catechic tannins, saponosides and alkaloids. As for the toxicity study, it allowed us to determine a per os LD50 > 5000 mg/kg PC. The aqueous extract of the root bark of Cassia sieberiana has an estrogenic activity.","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80421380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-07DOI: 10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i01.001
B. Konan, Marie Louise Ahui Bitty, Yapo Fulgence Allo, J. Datté
Objective: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the antioxidant effects of Lippia multiflora aqueous extract supplemented with magnesium in diabetic rats. Méthodes: 7 groups of 4 STZ-diabetic rats received separately the Glucophage® (Glu 10 mg/kg), the plant aqueous extract (LiMAE 200-600 mg/kg) and the plant aqueous extract supplemented with magnesium (LiMAE-Mg 200-600 mg/kg) in comparison to healthy rats and untreated diabetic rats. After 21 days of daily treatment, activities of enzymes-markers of oxidative stress were measured on kidney and pancreas samples. Results: The occurrence of diabetes induced a significant increase in MDA and a significant decrease in CAT, SOD and GSH in rats. Separate treatment of animals with LiMAE and LiMAE-Mg significantly restored at p < 0.0001 and in a dose-dependent manner the activities and levels of enzymes-markers of oxidative stress. This restoration was greater with LiMAE-Mg, the aqueous extract of Lippia multiflora supplemented with magnesium. LiMAE-Mg very significantly restored the studied parameters with measured values statistically close to normal. Conclusion: The results showed the antidiabetic potential of Lippia multflora extract supplemented with magnesium on oxidative stress.
{"title":"Magnesium Enhances the Antidiabetic Activity of Lippia multiflora Aqueous Leaves Extract on Redox Status in Streptozotocin-diabetic Rats","authors":"B. Konan, Marie Louise Ahui Bitty, Yapo Fulgence Allo, J. Datté","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the antioxidant effects of Lippia multiflora aqueous extract supplemented with magnesium in diabetic rats. Méthodes: 7 groups of 4 STZ-diabetic rats received separately the Glucophage® (Glu 10 mg/kg), the plant aqueous extract (LiMAE 200-600 mg/kg) and the plant aqueous extract supplemented with magnesium (LiMAE-Mg 200-600 mg/kg) in comparison to healthy rats and untreated diabetic rats. After 21 days of daily treatment, activities of enzymes-markers of oxidative stress were measured on kidney and pancreas samples. Results: The occurrence of diabetes induced a significant increase in MDA and a significant decrease in CAT, SOD and GSH in rats. Separate treatment of animals with LiMAE and LiMAE-Mg significantly restored at p < 0.0001 and in a dose-dependent manner the activities and levels of enzymes-markers of oxidative stress. This restoration was greater with LiMAE-Mg, the aqueous extract of Lippia multiflora supplemented with magnesium. LiMAE-Mg very significantly restored the studied parameters with measured values statistically close to normal. Conclusion: The results showed the antidiabetic potential of Lippia multflora extract supplemented with magnesium on oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87199550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.36347/sajp.2022.v11i11.003
S. Mudenda
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines were introduced to contain the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. However, there have been challenges regarding the acceptance and uptake of these vaccines in Zambia. The study aimed to explore the factors that contribute to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among pharmacy students in Zambia. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that employed qualitative methods using a phenomenological approach. The study was conducted among 20 undergraduate pharmacy students schooling at the University of Zambia. The interviews were recorded in a semi-structured questionnaire and responses were analysed using Colaizzi's seven-step analysis method. The analysis was based on factors that influence COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and the student's thoughts about the vaccines. The responses were divided into five themes: fear of potential adverse effects, the ineffectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines, fear of being used as experiments, preventive measures better than COVID-19 vaccines and the need for better education on the benefits and adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines. Results: The findings indicate increased hesitancy against COVID-19 vaccines among pharmacy students in Zambia. Most participants were hesitant to receive the vaccine due to fear of experiencing adverse effects. Besides, there was also a concern about vaccine effectiveness in protecting individuals against COVID-19. Further, the students felt that the COVID-19 vaccines did not pass through all the necessary stages of vaccine development due to the short period they were introduced. Furthermore, the participants had fear of being used in experiments such as clinical trials. The students felt that adhering to the recommended COVID-19 prevention measures was better than being vaccinated. Conclusion: The hesitance against COVID-19 vaccines among pharmacy students was a result of many factors. The concern regarding potential adverse effects and effectiveness of ...
{"title":"COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Zambia: A Qualitative Study among Pharmacy Students at the University of Zambia","authors":"S. Mudenda","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2022.v11i11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2022.v11i11.003","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines were introduced to contain the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. However, there have been challenges regarding the acceptance and uptake of these vaccines in Zambia. The study aimed to explore the factors that contribute to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among pharmacy students in Zambia. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that employed qualitative methods using a phenomenological approach. The study was conducted among 20 undergraduate pharmacy students schooling at the University of Zambia. The interviews were recorded in a semi-structured questionnaire and responses were analysed using Colaizzi's seven-step analysis method. The analysis was based on factors that influence COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and the student's thoughts about the vaccines. The responses were divided into five themes: fear of potential adverse effects, the ineffectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines, fear of being used as experiments, preventive measures better than COVID-19 vaccines and the need for better education on the benefits and adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines. Results: The findings indicate increased hesitancy against COVID-19 vaccines among pharmacy students in Zambia. Most participants were hesitant to receive the vaccine due to fear of experiencing adverse effects. Besides, there was also a concern about vaccine effectiveness in protecting individuals against COVID-19. Further, the students felt that the COVID-19 vaccines did not pass through all the necessary stages of vaccine development due to the short period they were introduced. Furthermore, the participants had fear of being used in experiments such as clinical trials. The students felt that adhering to the recommended COVID-19 prevention measures was better than being vaccinated. Conclusion: The hesitance against COVID-19 vaccines among pharmacy students was a result of many factors. The concern regarding potential adverse effects and effectiveness of ...","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85725192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.36347/sajp.2022.v11i11.002
S. Yaya, Mian Jean Claude, Coulibaly Sirabana, T. Flavien
The pharmacological study of the aqueous extract of Daniellia oliveri (Fabaceae) leaves revealed antipyretic properties .This dose-dependent reduction in brewer's yeast-induced hyperthermia in rats is similar to that of lysine acetylsalicylate. Qualitative phytochemical screening shows that the aqueous leaf extract of Daniellia oliveri contains polyphenols, flavonoids, saponosides, quinone substances, alkaloids, catechic and gallic tannins, sterols, polyterpenes and cardiodic heterosides. The oral LD50 of the aqueous extract of Daniellia oliveri leaves conducted according to OECD guideline 423 [1], is greater than 5000 mg/kg B.W, making this plant a substance of low toxicity, thus justifying its traditional use in painful ailments.
{"title":"Antipyretic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Daniellia oliveri Leaves (Rolfe, Hutch Et Dalz) (Fabaceae)","authors":"S. Yaya, Mian Jean Claude, Coulibaly Sirabana, T. Flavien","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2022.v11i11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2022.v11i11.002","url":null,"abstract":"The pharmacological study of the aqueous extract of Daniellia oliveri (Fabaceae) leaves revealed antipyretic properties .This dose-dependent reduction in brewer's yeast-induced hyperthermia in rats is similar to that of lysine acetylsalicylate. Qualitative phytochemical screening shows that the aqueous leaf extract of Daniellia oliveri contains polyphenols, flavonoids, saponosides, quinone substances, alkaloids, catechic and gallic tannins, sterols, polyterpenes and cardiodic heterosides. The oral LD50 of the aqueous extract of Daniellia oliveri leaves conducted according to OECD guideline 423 [1], is greater than 5000 mg/kg B.W, making this plant a substance of low toxicity, thus justifying its traditional use in painful ailments.","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86057377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.36347/sajp.2022.v11i11.001
A. Shaban, Saher Sharif Alrimawi
The current study conducted an in-depth analysis of the most recent findings to be published in the peer-reviewed scientific literature on the topic of the effects that having type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has on the hearts of young people. The authors conducted an in-depth analysis of the most recent articles that were released to the public. The findings of this study indicate that children who have type 1 diabetes are at a greater risk of developing cardiovascular events than children who do not have type 1 diabetes. It has been postulated that diabetic children have insulin resistance as well as an impaired lipid profile. This is a factor that raises the risk of cardiovascular events happening to the patient. Screening for cardiovascular changes is something that needs to be done for children who have type 1 diabetes as a part of the overall management of their diabetes.
{"title":"Impacts of Diabetes Type 1 on the Heart of Children","authors":"A. Shaban, Saher Sharif Alrimawi","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2022.v11i11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2022.v11i11.001","url":null,"abstract":"The current study conducted an in-depth analysis of the most recent findings to be published in the peer-reviewed scientific literature on the topic of the effects that having type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has on the hearts of young people. The authors conducted an in-depth analysis of the most recent articles that were released to the public. The findings of this study indicate that children who have type 1 diabetes are at a greater risk of developing cardiovascular events than children who do not have type 1 diabetes. It has been postulated that diabetic children have insulin resistance as well as an impaired lipid profile. This is a factor that raises the risk of cardiovascular events happening to the patient. Screening for cardiovascular changes is something that needs to be done for children who have type 1 diabetes as a part of the overall management of their diabetes.","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72546269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.36347/sajp.2022.v11i10.002
G. Jiang, Jiahua Hu, Junhe Huang, Yan Li, Q. Deng, Wenyan Jiang, Guihong Huang, Qingqing Wang
Purpose: To study the effect of isoquercitrin on cell apoptosis and cycle of HepG2 cells. Materials and Method: Different concentrations of isoquercitrin were used to act on HepG2 cells, and the effect of isoquercitrin on the proliferation of HepG2 cells was detected by CCK8. Cell morphology and growth were observed under inverted microscope. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis and cycle changes of HepG2 cells. Results: CCK8 found that isoquercitrin inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells, and it was correlated with the concentration and action time of isoquercitrin. Under the inverted microscope, it was observed that the number of cell survival gradually decreased with the increase of concentration or time of isoquercitrin acted on HepG2 cells. Flow cytometry showed that with the increase of isoquercitrin concentration, the number of cells blocked in S phase gradually decreased and the number of cells blocked in G2/M phase gradually increased. Conclusion: Isoquercitrin can induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells and interfere with S phase and G2/M phase in cell cycle.
{"title":"The Effect of Isoquercitrin on Cell Apoptosis and Cycle for HepG2 Cells","authors":"G. Jiang, Jiahua Hu, Junhe Huang, Yan Li, Q. Deng, Wenyan Jiang, Guihong Huang, Qingqing Wang","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2022.v11i10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2022.v11i10.002","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To study the effect of isoquercitrin on cell apoptosis and cycle of HepG2 cells. Materials and Method: Different concentrations of isoquercitrin were used to act on HepG2 cells, and the effect of isoquercitrin on the proliferation of HepG2 cells was detected by CCK8. Cell morphology and growth were observed under inverted microscope. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis and cycle changes of HepG2 cells. Results: CCK8 found that isoquercitrin inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells, and it was correlated with the concentration and action time of isoquercitrin. Under the inverted microscope, it was observed that the number of cell survival gradually decreased with the increase of concentration or time of isoquercitrin acted on HepG2 cells. Flow cytometry showed that with the increase of isoquercitrin concentration, the number of cells blocked in S phase gradually decreased and the number of cells blocked in G2/M phase gradually increased. Conclusion: Isoquercitrin can induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells and interfere with S phase and G2/M phase in cell cycle.","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91117346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-04DOI: 10.36347/sajp.2022.v11i10.001
Stanislav V. Yefimov
This work aimed to determine the stability of methylcobalamin in injection solutions under light-protected conditions, identify the products of its spontaneous transformation, and determine the kinetics of these transformations. We have found that methylcobalamin is unstable and transforms into hydroxocobalamin spontaneously at room temperature in aqueous and methanol solutions protected from light. Kinetics, reaction products, and rate constants have been determined. A method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of methylcobalamin and its conversion products is proposed.
{"title":"Kinetics of Spontaneous Conversion of Methylcobalamin into Hydroxocobalamin in Aqueous and Methanol Solutions HPLC/MS","authors":"Stanislav V. Yefimov","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2022.v11i10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2022.v11i10.001","url":null,"abstract":"This work aimed to determine the stability of methylcobalamin in injection solutions under light-protected conditions, identify the products of its spontaneous transformation, and determine the kinetics of these transformations. We have found that methylcobalamin is unstable and transforms into hydroxocobalamin spontaneously at room temperature in aqueous and methanol solutions protected from light. Kinetics, reaction products, and rate constants have been determined. A method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of methylcobalamin and its conversion products is proposed.","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"328 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86297860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In today's world, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most commonly prescribed pharmacological types. Many gastrointestinal diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux or Barrett's esophagus, as well as laryngopharyngeal reflux, may benefit from these. However, numerous studies have been published that link PPIs to a variety of dangers and problems, including bone fractures, infection, myocardial infarction, renal illness, and dementia. By examining key articles and addressing the debates around those findings, this review exposes several of these potential negative side effects. To provide proper counseling of their patients, the diligent otolaryngologist should be aware of the current status of the literature and the hazards associated with prescribing PPIs. PPIs must be prescribed correctly in order to optimize outcomes and reduce risks and costs to the healthcare system. Overuse and misuse of PPIs, on the other hand, raises the risk of side effects. Because most gastric-acid-related illnesses necessitate long-term treatment, patients taking additional drugs in addition to a PPI are likely to experience clinically significant adverse drug interactions. Clinicians must only administer PPIs when they are proved to be required.
{"title":"Potential Risks and Drawbacks of Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitors Use","authors":"Akansha Dhariwal, Anirudh Barthwal, Ananya Saini, Yogesh Joshi","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2022.v11i09.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2022.v11i09.008","url":null,"abstract":"In today's world, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most commonly prescribed pharmacological types. Many gastrointestinal diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux or Barrett's esophagus, as well as laryngopharyngeal reflux, may benefit from these. However, numerous studies have been published that link PPIs to a variety of dangers and problems, including bone fractures, infection, myocardial infarction, renal illness, and dementia. By examining key articles and addressing the debates around those findings, this review exposes several of these potential negative side effects. To provide proper counseling of their patients, the diligent otolaryngologist should be aware of the current status of the literature and the hazards associated with prescribing PPIs. PPIs must be prescribed correctly in order to optimize outcomes and reduce risks and costs to the healthcare system. Overuse and misuse of PPIs, on the other hand, raises the risk of side effects. Because most gastric-acid-related illnesses necessitate long-term treatment, patients taking additional drugs in addition to a PPI are likely to experience clinically significant adverse drug interactions. Clinicians must only administer PPIs when they are proved to be required.","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86421570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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