Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i12.001
Atsushi Ishimura, Reon Kagasaki, Toshiyasu Mikuma
Although insulin therapy is recognized as an effective treatment for diabetes, it can lead to serious side effects and medical accidents. Since living organisms contain many foreign components, the separation of these components by liquid chromatography (LC) is essential for the identification of insulin preparations. However, it is difficult to conclude that separation by LC is indispensable because multiple components are unlikely to be mixed in a sample obtained from a vial or syringe needle. Therefore, the introduction of flow injection analysis (FIA), in which samples are analyzed with the column removed, can potentially eliminate the sample separation process and reduce analysis time. In addition, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), which allows detailed analysis, requires expensive equipment, and some facilities only allow analysis by single mass spectrometry (MS). The discriminatory ability of each analysis method should also be clarified. Here, we examined the analysis time and discriminatory ability using a combination of FIA, MS, and MS/MS. The results showed that FIA reduced the analysis time, FIA-MS could not discriminate when the molecular weights of the samples were the same or similar, and FIA-MS/MS could discriminate between different amino acid sequences. FIA-MS has limitations in discrimination, whereas FIA-MS/MS is considered an analytical method that can shorten the analysis time and discriminate formulations.
{"title":"Discrimination of Human Insulin and its Analogs by Flow Injection Analysis with Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Atsushi Ishimura, Reon Kagasaki, Toshiyasu Mikuma","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i12.001","url":null,"abstract":"Although insulin therapy is recognized as an effective treatment for diabetes, it can lead to serious side effects and medical accidents. Since living organisms contain many foreign components, the separation of these components by liquid chromatography (LC) is essential for the identification of insulin preparations. However, it is difficult to conclude that separation by LC is indispensable because multiple components are unlikely to be mixed in a sample obtained from a vial or syringe needle. Therefore, the introduction of flow injection analysis (FIA), in which samples are analyzed with the column removed, can potentially eliminate the sample separation process and reduce analysis time. In addition, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), which allows detailed analysis, requires expensive equipment, and some facilities only allow analysis by single mass spectrometry (MS). The discriminatory ability of each analysis method should also be clarified. Here, we examined the analysis time and discriminatory ability using a combination of FIA, MS, and MS/MS. The results showed that FIA reduced the analysis time, FIA-MS could not discriminate when the molecular weights of the samples were the same or similar, and FIA-MS/MS could discriminate between different amino acid sequences. FIA-MS has limitations in discrimination, whereas FIA-MS/MS is considered an analytical method that can shorten the analysis time and discriminate formulations.","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"185 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i11.001
N. Nchinech, Asmae Bendrija, Y. Tadlaoui, Sanae Achour, Abdesselam Elkartouti, Yassir Bousliman
In 15 years, global antibiotic use has increased by 65%. It has been exponentially spiked in low and middle-income countries. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is now one of the most serious threats to global health. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) published its action plan against antibiotic resistance and encouraged each state to develop its own national action plan. The survey conducted at the counter of a pharmacy in Rabat was based on the interview of patients using a questionnaire. It aimed to describe the practices of patients in terms of antibiotic consumption in the city. Our descriptive study involved 150 cases. It included any patient wishing to obtain one or more antibiotics either by medical prescription, officinal medication, or self-medication. As expected, the beta-lactam family represented the most consumed family by 28%. In terms of the assessment of the modality of antibiotic consumption, 57.33% of the antibiotics dispensed were dispensed by medical prescription, 37.33% by self-medication and only 5.33% of the antibiotics consumed by the study population were dispensed by officinal medication. To improve the use of antibiotics, it is important to stress the importance of compliance with the recommendations relating to the prescription and delivering of antibiotics, and in this sense the contribution of the pharmacist is crucial.
{"title":"Antibiotic use in the City: A Pharmacy Survey about 150 Cases","authors":"N. Nchinech, Asmae Bendrija, Y. Tadlaoui, Sanae Achour, Abdesselam Elkartouti, Yassir Bousliman","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i11.001","url":null,"abstract":"In 15 years, global antibiotic use has increased by 65%. It has been exponentially spiked in low and middle-income countries. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is now one of the most serious threats to global health. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) published its action plan against antibiotic resistance and encouraged each state to develop its own national action plan. The survey conducted at the counter of a pharmacy in Rabat was based on the interview of patients using a questionnaire. It aimed to describe the practices of patients in terms of antibiotic consumption in the city. Our descriptive study involved 150 cases. It included any patient wishing to obtain one or more antibiotics either by medical prescription, officinal medication, or self-medication. As expected, the beta-lactam family represented the most consumed family by 28%. In terms of the assessment of the modality of antibiotic consumption, 57.33% of the antibiotics dispensed were dispensed by medical prescription, 37.33% by self-medication and only 5.33% of the antibiotics consumed by the study population were dispensed by officinal medication. To improve the use of antibiotics, it is important to stress the importance of compliance with the recommendations relating to the prescription and delivering of antibiotics, and in this sense the contribution of the pharmacist is crucial.","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139199295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i10.002
Nithish Sattoju, Pranay Reddy R, Vinay Surisetty
21st century has experienced several viral outbreaks, top of which is the severe acute respiratory syndrome- Corona Virus -2 (SARS- CoV-2/ COVID-19) that crossed all the borders and invaded human kind and health care settings with erupting mortality rate as never seen before and reshaping the global health care perspectives and responses. Besides COVID-19, there are several viral outbreaks seen in different countries which were confined to its region and were declared as the epidemic or endemic due to its widespread infection. The current review focuses 5 such viral outbreaks that were declared epidemic or endemic and resulted in disruption of health care system of that nation and highlights on its pathophysiology and our position in its treatment and vaccination status. The review included viral outbreaks of measles, avian flu, hendra, crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, swan flu. Choice of these viral outbreaks was made after through search for all the potent outbreaks in the 1st decade of 21st century i.e., from 2000 to 2010, as per World Health Organisation (WHO) reports and factsheets. We abide with the fact that many other outbreaks were missed in this review. However, efforts were made to detail the selected outbreaks. Most of the viral outbreaks were seen with more than one outbreak and one nation which are detailed along with its familial hierarchy. Most comprehensive research was carried out to ensure no detail on its available treatment and vaccines were missed.
{"title":"Major Viral Outbreaks in the 1st Decade of 21st Century- Literature Review","authors":"Nithish Sattoju, Pranay Reddy R, Vinay Surisetty","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i10.002","url":null,"abstract":"21st century has experienced several viral outbreaks, top of which is the severe acute respiratory syndrome- Corona Virus -2 (SARS- CoV-2/ COVID-19) that crossed all the borders and invaded human kind and health care settings with erupting mortality rate as never seen before and reshaping the global health care perspectives and responses. Besides COVID-19, there are several viral outbreaks seen in different countries which were confined to its region and were declared as the epidemic or endemic due to its widespread infection. The current review focuses 5 such viral outbreaks that were declared epidemic or endemic and resulted in disruption of health care system of that nation and highlights on its pathophysiology and our position in its treatment and vaccination status. The review included viral outbreaks of measles, avian flu, hendra, crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, swan flu. Choice of these viral outbreaks was made after through search for all the potent outbreaks in the 1st decade of 21st century i.e., from 2000 to 2010, as per World Health Organisation (WHO) reports and factsheets. We abide with the fact that many other outbreaks were missed in this review. However, efforts were made to detail the selected outbreaks. Most of the viral outbreaks were seen with more than one outbreak and one nation which are detailed along with its familial hierarchy. Most comprehensive research was carried out to ensure no detail on its available treatment and vaccines were missed.","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135665847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i10.001
ZOU Yong
To analyze the impact of national medical insurance negotiation policy on the use of anti- cancer drugs in a certain hospital. The usage information of anti-tumor drugs in the hospital from 2018 to 2019 was selected, and a comparative analysis of the usage situation of anti-tumor drugs was conducted. It found that the national medical insurance negotiation policy effectively promoted the use of anti-tumor drugs, reduced drug prices, and improved the accessibility of anti-tumor drugs.
{"title":"Analysis of the Impact of National Medical Insurance Negotiation Policy on the Use of Anticancer Drugs in a Hospital","authors":"ZOU Yong","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i10.001","url":null,"abstract":"To analyze the impact of national medical insurance negotiation policy on the use of anti- cancer drugs in a certain hospital. The usage information of anti-tumor drugs in the hospital from 2018 to 2019 was selected, and a comparative analysis of the usage situation of anti-tumor drugs was conducted. It found that the national medical insurance negotiation policy effectively promoted the use of anti-tumor drugs, reduced drug prices, and improved the accessibility of anti-tumor drugs.","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135483733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-28DOI: 10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i09.001
Nithya R, Abi Monika A P, S Abirami, Aarthi A
Hypothyroidism is a clinical health condition in which the thyroid gland secretes insufficient levels of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4, resulting in high thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) readings. The thyroid gland plays a key role in the development of the central nervous system. These hormones are essential for brain development and function. It has been found that thyroid disorders are among the most common diseases in worldwide. Thyroid disorders are one of the primary causes of cognitive decline, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this review, we had discussed about the various neurological complications that develops due to hypothyroidism.
{"title":"From Glands to Nerves: Hypothyroidism’s Underexplored Influence on Neurological Well Being-A Narrative Review","authors":"Nithya R, Abi Monika A P, S Abirami, Aarthi A","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i09.001","url":null,"abstract":"Hypothyroidism is a clinical health condition in which the thyroid gland secretes insufficient levels of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4, resulting in high thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) readings. The thyroid gland plays a key role in the development of the central nervous system. These hormones are essential for brain development and function. It has been found that thyroid disorders are among the most common diseases in worldwide. Thyroid disorders are one of the primary causes of cognitive decline, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this review, we had discussed about the various neurological complications that develops due to hypothyroidism.","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135428385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i08.001
A. Hiasat, Bara’ah Wleed Amireh, Ahmad Mohammad Alamareen, Razan Mohammad Rawwaqa, Ruba Daher Quraan
Background: The use of one or more inhalation devices is frequently the most efficient method for managing asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In contrast to oral therapies, inhalation therapy requires the use of equipment that patients must learn to self-administer. The majority of inhaled medications (MDI) could be administered using a standard metered dose inhaler until about ten or twenty years ago. Every medication must now be given using a particular device that the patient must learn to use. All asthmatic and COPD patients should learn how to use the device correctly because improper use will lead to ineffective treatment. Objective: This study's objective is to evaluate the knowledge and skills of COPD and bronchial asthma (BA) patients at Queen Alia Military Hospital (QAMH) in the Royal Medical Services regarding the inhaling technique. Method: An observational study was conducted on COPD or BA patients with known or confirmed diagnoses who attended the outpatient internal medicine or pulmonology clinics in QAMH. Age, sex, education, disease duration, and the type of device being used, are among the demographic and baseline clinical data. A device-specific checklist was used to conduct the evaluation, which covered the MDI, Breezhaler, Respimat, and Turbuhaler. A scoring system was used in this study; a successfully completed step received a score of 1, whereas an incorrect or poorly performed step will receive a score of 0. Scores of seven or higher with an effective demonstration of the crucial stages were deemed "excellent," scores of five or higher with an effective demonstration of the crucial stages were deemed "moderate," and scores of four or lower with any ineffective demonstration of the crucial stages were deemed "poor." Results: The mean age of the 200 participants was 51 years (SD: 14.2), and 122 (61%) of them were men. COPD (n=118, 59% of the respiratory conditions) was the most prevalent. The most frequently used ........
{"title":"Evaluation of Knowledge and Skills of Using Inhalation Techniques among Patients with Pulmonary Diseases","authors":"A. Hiasat, Bara’ah Wleed Amireh, Ahmad Mohammad Alamareen, Razan Mohammad Rawwaqa, Ruba Daher Quraan","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i08.001","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of one or more inhalation devices is frequently the most efficient method for managing asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In contrast to oral therapies, inhalation therapy requires the use of equipment that patients must learn to self-administer. The majority of inhaled medications (MDI) could be administered using a standard metered dose inhaler until about ten or twenty years ago. Every medication must now be given using a particular device that the patient must learn to use. All asthmatic and COPD patients should learn how to use the device correctly because improper use will lead to ineffective treatment. Objective: This study's objective is to evaluate the knowledge and skills of COPD and bronchial asthma (BA) patients at Queen Alia Military Hospital (QAMH) in the Royal Medical Services regarding the inhaling technique. Method: An observational study was conducted on COPD or BA patients with known or confirmed diagnoses who attended the outpatient internal medicine or pulmonology clinics in QAMH. Age, sex, education, disease duration, and the type of device being used, are among the demographic and baseline clinical data. A device-specific checklist was used to conduct the evaluation, which covered the MDI, Breezhaler, Respimat, and Turbuhaler. A scoring system was used in this study; a successfully completed step received a score of 1, whereas an incorrect or poorly performed step will receive a score of 0. Scores of seven or higher with an effective demonstration of the crucial stages were deemed \"excellent,\" scores of five or higher with an effective demonstration of the crucial stages were deemed \"moderate,\" and scores of four or lower with any ineffective demonstration of the crucial stages were deemed \"poor.\" Results: The mean age of the 200 participants was 51 years (SD: 14.2), and 122 (61%) of them were men. COPD (n=118, 59% of the respiratory conditions) was the most prevalent. The most frequently used ........","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"2015 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88916220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-25DOI: 10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i07.006
Mowahib Osman Ali
Background: An estimated 19.5 million people aged 12 or older in the United States have had a substance use disorder related to illicit drugs or alcohol in 2020 (Hoenig, 2020). Drug addiction is a chronic and relapsing brain disorder characterized by compulsive drug-seeking and drug-taking behaviors. The primary causes of which include interrelated brain networks that comprise the reward and anti-reward system, as well as the central immune system. While its validity as a disease is controversial, many attribute its existence to moral failing and personal choice. As such, it remains a complex phenomenon that alters the brain function and leads to a plethora of psychological and neurological changes, temporary and permanent. Interestingly, there are several factors that contribute to an individual’s vulnerability to drug addiction, the most surprising of which is genetic predispositions, environmental factors, early drug introductions and everything in between. Drug abuse remains a critical global issue that has severe implications for public health and societal well-being. Aims: By shedding light on their addictive properties and the resulting physiological and psychological consequences this article aims to raise awareness about the dangers associated with these substances. Furthermore, this article investigates the significant risks that come hand in hand with drug abuse. In addition to examining the causes and risks of drug abuse, it delves into preventive measures as well as treatment approaches. Evidence based strategies such as education programs, early intervention initiatives, harm reduction practices and policy measures are essential in reducing both the prevalence and harmful effects of drug abuse. Moreover, exploring various treatment modalities ranging from pharmacological interventions to behavioral therapies - It emphasizes the importance of personalized, comprehensive and multidisciplinary approaches when it comes to tackling drug addiction. .....
{"title":"Exploring Drug & Substance Abuse Implications 2023","authors":"Mowahib Osman Ali","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i07.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i07.006","url":null,"abstract":"Background: An estimated 19.5 million people aged 12 or older in the United States have had a substance use disorder related to illicit drugs or alcohol in 2020 (Hoenig, 2020). Drug addiction is a chronic and relapsing brain disorder characterized by compulsive drug-seeking and drug-taking behaviors. The primary causes of which include interrelated brain networks that comprise the reward and anti-reward system, as well as the central immune system. While its validity as a disease is controversial, many attribute its existence to moral failing and personal choice. As such, it remains a complex phenomenon that alters the brain function and leads to a plethora of psychological and neurological changes, temporary and permanent. Interestingly, there are several factors that contribute to an individual’s vulnerability to drug addiction, the most surprising of which is genetic predispositions, environmental factors, early drug introductions and everything in between. Drug abuse remains a critical global issue that has severe implications for public health and societal well-being. Aims: By shedding light on their addictive properties and the resulting physiological and psychological consequences this article aims to raise awareness about the dangers associated with these substances. Furthermore, this article investigates the significant risks that come hand in hand with drug abuse. In addition to examining the causes and risks of drug abuse, it delves into preventive measures as well as treatment approaches. Evidence based strategies such as education programs, early intervention initiatives, harm reduction practices and policy measures are essential in reducing both the prevalence and harmful effects of drug abuse. Moreover, exploring various treatment modalities ranging from pharmacological interventions to behavioral therapies - It emphasizes the importance of personalized, comprehensive and multidisciplinary approaches when it comes to tackling drug addiction. .....","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72828634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-25DOI: 10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i07.007
A. Afroze, Ding Li
A highly sensitive and accurate liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been created and validated for measuring the levels EVT201 and its two metabolites, Ro46-1927 and Ro18-5528, in human plasma. This method was then used to analyze plasma samples from healthy Chinese individuals had taken EVT201 capsules orally, aiming to study the drug's behavior in the body over time (pharmacokinetics). The inter precision was within 75.86%, 98.13%, 98.39%, for EVT201 and 81.11%, 92.18%, 92.42% for Ro46-1927 and 138.39% and 141.58%, for Ro18-5528. The LC-MS/MS method proved to be reliable and precise, making it suitable for investigating EVT201's pharmacokinetics. By applying the validated analytical method, the concentrations EVT201 and its metabolites in human plasma were determined. These data were undergone statistical analysis to assess how EVT201 was processed in the human body following oral administration. In summary, the study employed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to develop and validate an analytical method for quantifying EVT201 and its metabolites in human plasma, ultimately facilitating the evaluation of EVT201's pharmacokinetics in humans.
{"title":"Analytical Method Validation of EVT201 and Metabolites (Ro461927 and Ro 18-5528) in Human Plasma by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry","authors":"A. Afroze, Ding Li","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i07.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i07.007","url":null,"abstract":"A highly sensitive and accurate liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been created and validated for measuring the levels EVT201 and its two metabolites, Ro46-1927 and Ro18-5528, in human plasma. This method was then used to analyze plasma samples from healthy Chinese individuals had taken EVT201 capsules orally, aiming to study the drug's behavior in the body over time (pharmacokinetics). The inter precision was within 75.86%, 98.13%, 98.39%, for EVT201 and 81.11%, 92.18%, 92.42% for Ro46-1927 and 138.39% and 141.58%, for Ro18-5528. The LC-MS/MS method proved to be reliable and precise, making it suitable for investigating EVT201's pharmacokinetics. By applying the validated analytical method, the concentrations EVT201 and its metabolites in human plasma were determined. These data were undergone statistical analysis to assess how EVT201 was processed in the human body following oral administration. In summary, the study employed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to develop and validate an analytical method for quantifying EVT201 and its metabolites in human plasma, ultimately facilitating the evaluation of EVT201's pharmacokinetics in humans.","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76257392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i07.005
U. Nnaemeka
In this study the effect of Vernonia amygdalina and Ocimum gratissimum on antioxidant status and lipid profile of Wistar rats exposed to long-term administration of artemisinin-based combination therapies were investigated. Forty-two albino rats were divided into seven groups. The rats were given two different types of drugs, artesunate amodiaquine (AA) and artemether lumefantrine (AL) base on their body weight. Group 1: Control, received distilled water, group 2, received of 2.86mg/7.7mg AA, group 3, received of 1.14mg/6.86mg AL, group 4 received of 2.86mg/7.7mg AA + 200mg VA, group 5 received of 1.14mg/6.86mg AL + 200mg VA, group 6 received of 2.86mg/7.7mg AA + 200mg OG and group 7 received of 1.14mg/6.86mg AL + 200mg OG. The animals were sacrificed under chloroform anaesthesia and blood samples obtained through cardiac puncture for biochemical investigations. Artesunate-amodiaquine and arthemeter-lumefantrine and plant extracts were administered once daily for 21 days after which the total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density and low-density lipoprotein, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and gluthatione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined. Co-administration of artesunate/amodiaquine and arthemeter/lumefantrine significantly increased (P< 0.05) total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and low-density lipoprotein. The SOD and CAT activities and GSH concentration significantly decreased (P< 0.05) with an increase in the MDA concentration in treated groups when compared with the normal control. The results obtained suggest that long term co-administration of artesunate/amodiaquine and arthemeter/lumefantrine could result to coronary heart disease and depletion of antioxidant capacity and should be given with caution.
本研究考察了苦杏仁和大鼠叶对长期给药青蒿素联合治疗的Wistar大鼠抗氧化能力和脂质分布的影响。将42只白化大鼠分为7组。根据大鼠体重分别给予青蒿琥酯阿莫地喹(AA)和蒿甲醚甲苯胺(AL)两种不同的药物。组1:对照组，接受蒸馏水，组2，接受2.86mg/7.7mg AA，组3，接受1.14mg/6.86mg AL，组4接受2.86mg/7.7mg AA + 200mg VA，组5接受1.14mg/6.86mg AL + 200mg VA，组6接受2.86mg/7.7mg AA + 200mg OG，组7接受1.14mg/6.86mg AL + 200mg OG。在氯仿麻醉下处死动物，并通过心脏穿刺取血进行生化检查。每天给药1次青蒿琥酯-阿莫地喹、青蒿素-发光芳碱和植物提取物，连续21 d，测定总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度和低密度脂蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)。联合应用青蒿琥酯/阿莫地喹和青蒿素计/氨苯曲明可显著提高总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白水平(P< 0.05)。与正常对照组相比，各处理组SOD、CAT活性和GSH浓度显著降低(P< 0.05)， MDA浓度显著升高。结果提示，长期联合应用青蒿琥酯/阿莫地喹和青蒿素计/氨苯曲明可导致冠心病和抗氧化能力的消耗，应谨慎使用。
{"title":"Effect of Vernonia amygdalina and Ocimum gratissimum on Antioxidant Status and Lipid Profile of Wistar Rats Exposed to Long-Term Administration of Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies","authors":"U. Nnaemeka","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i07.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i07.005","url":null,"abstract":"In this study the effect of Vernonia amygdalina and Ocimum gratissimum on antioxidant status and lipid profile of Wistar rats exposed to long-term administration of artemisinin-based combination therapies were investigated. Forty-two albino rats were divided into seven groups. The rats were given two different types of drugs, artesunate amodiaquine (AA) and artemether lumefantrine (AL) base on their body weight. Group 1: Control, received distilled water, group 2, received of 2.86mg/7.7mg AA, group 3, received of 1.14mg/6.86mg AL, group 4 received of 2.86mg/7.7mg AA + 200mg VA, group 5 received of 1.14mg/6.86mg AL + 200mg VA, group 6 received of 2.86mg/7.7mg AA + 200mg OG and group 7 received of 1.14mg/6.86mg AL + 200mg OG. The animals were sacrificed under chloroform anaesthesia and blood samples obtained through cardiac puncture for biochemical investigations. Artesunate-amodiaquine and arthemeter-lumefantrine and plant extracts were administered once daily for 21 days after which the total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density and low-density lipoprotein, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and gluthatione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined. Co-administration of artesunate/amodiaquine and arthemeter/lumefantrine significantly increased (P< 0.05) total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and low-density lipoprotein. The SOD and CAT activities and GSH concentration significantly decreased (P< 0.05) with an increase in the MDA concentration in treated groups when compared with the normal control. The results obtained suggest that long term co-administration of artesunate/amodiaquine and arthemeter/lumefantrine could result to coronary heart disease and depletion of antioxidant capacity and should be given with caution.","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83718992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-05DOI: 10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i07.004
Joyita Roy, B. Choudhuri, P. Guchhait, Satadal Das
Cassia angustifolia (Indian Senna), a plant from the Fabaceae family, is an important medicinal plant of India and it is drought tolerant, hence it is cultivated under rain fed condition in marginal soils by small and marginal farmers of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and other Indian states. In this study, the antibacterial activities of ethanolic extract of Cassia angustifolia leaves were assessed against ATCC microorganisms - gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC 25923). The result showed that C. angustifolia leaf extracts exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against both tested ATCC microorganisms. In this plant, Resin, Phenol, Coumarins, Alkaloids, Saponin, Steroid, etc, the phytochemical contents and the laxative principle Sennoside A and Sennoside B (two crystaline glucosides), which may be responsible for the observed antimicrobial activities. From these findings, we suggest that C. angustifolia (Indian senna) may be a possible source of natural antimicrobial agents, which could be used to develop new drugs for the treatment of resistant bacterial infections. Further studies on C. angustifolia on a large scale may open a new scope for other researchers to carry it.
{"title":"Antibacterial Activities of Cassia angustifolia Leaf Ethanolic Extract against Various Multiple Drug Resistant Microorganisms","authors":"Joyita Roy, B. Choudhuri, P. Guchhait, Satadal Das","doi":"10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i07.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2023.v12i07.004","url":null,"abstract":"Cassia angustifolia (Indian Senna), a plant from the Fabaceae family, is an important medicinal plant of India and it is drought tolerant, hence it is cultivated under rain fed condition in marginal soils by small and marginal farmers of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and other Indian states. In this study, the antibacterial activities of ethanolic extract of Cassia angustifolia leaves were assessed against ATCC microorganisms - gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC 25923). The result showed that C. angustifolia leaf extracts exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against both tested ATCC microorganisms. In this plant, Resin, Phenol, Coumarins, Alkaloids, Saponin, Steroid, etc, the phytochemical contents and the laxative principle Sennoside A and Sennoside B (two crystaline glucosides), which may be responsible for the observed antimicrobial activities. From these findings, we suggest that C. angustifolia (Indian senna) may be a possible source of natural antimicrobial agents, which could be used to develop new drugs for the treatment of resistant bacterial infections. Further studies on C. angustifolia on a large scale may open a new scope for other researchers to carry it.","PeriodicalId":21439,"journal":{"name":"Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77341219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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