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Study on Monitoring Methods for Net CO2 Exchange Rate of Individual Standing Tree 单株常绿树二氧化碳净交换率监测方法研究
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724603938
Z. H. Xu, Y. D. Zhao

Abstract

The net CO2 exchange rate, a pivotal plant physiology metric representing the carbon sequestration and release capacity of individual trees, is crucial for unraveling the underlying mechanisms of plant growth, carbon balance dynamics and environmental adaptability. This study focused on optimizing the static assimilation chamber to facilitate automated and long-term acquisition of the net CO2 exchange rate in individual standing tree, with the entire Radermachera sinica as the research object. Concurrently, we monitored environmental factors and stem water content; Notably, a proprietary stem water content sensor was innovatively employed to capture the internal water dynamics within stem tissue; While the Internet of Things (IoT) technology was leveraged to establish a monitoring system for the net CO2 exchange rate of individual standing tree. Initially, we conducted an exploratory analysis on the characteristics of the net CO2 exchange rate by integrating stem water content under distinct watering conditions, and uncovered interplay between plant carbon sequestration capacity and internal water dynamics. Subsequently, machine learning models, including the support vector machine (SVM), backpropagation (BP) neural network, and random forest (RF) algorithms, were developed to predict the net CO2 exchange rate. The results revealed that under normal watering conditions, the net CO2 exchange rate exhibited diurnal U-shaped variations, generally transitioning from positive to negative in the morning and vice versa in the evening, with daily carbon sequestration remaining negative. Under drought stress and subsequent rehydration, the net CO2 exchange rate demonstrated a gradual reduction, followed by disruption, and eventual recovery, resulting in the daily carbon sequestration transitioning from negative to positive, then back to negative. A significant positive correlation was observed between the net CO2 exchange rate and stem water content change rate; In most cases, positive or zero stem water content change rate corresponded to carbon release, whereas negative change rate indicated carbon absorption. The RF model exhibited superior predictive accuracy, displaying strong agreement between predicted and actual values. Specifically, under normal watering conditions, the RF model achieved Root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and mean absolute error (MAE) values of 1.356, 0.8576 and 0.9257%, respectively; Under drought stress and subsequent rehydration, corresponding values were 1.4567, 0.8436, and 1.0258%, respectively.

摘要二氧化碳净交换率是植物生理学的一个关键指标,代表了单株树木的固碳和释碳能力,对于揭示植物生长、碳平衡动态和环境适应性的内在机制至关重要。本研究的重点是优化静态同化室,以促进自动和长期获取单株立木的二氧化碳净交换率。与此同时,我们还对环境因素和茎干含水量进行了监测,特别是创新性地采用了专有的茎干含水量传感器来捕捉茎干组织内部的水分动态;并利用物联网技术建立了单株立木二氧化碳净交换率监测系统。最初,我们通过整合不同浇水条件下的茎秆含水量,对二氧化碳净交换率的特征进行了探索性分析,发现了植物固碳能力与内部水分动态之间的相互作用。随后,建立了包括支持向量机(SVM)、反向传播(BP)神经网络和随机森林(RF)算法在内的机器学习模型来预测二氧化碳净交换率。结果表明,在正常浇水条件下,二氧化碳净交换率呈昼夜 U 型变化,一般在早晨由正转负,傍晚由负转正,日固碳量仍为负值。在干旱胁迫和随后的补水条件下,二氧化碳净交换率逐渐降低,随后中断,最终恢复,导致日固碳量从负值过渡到正值,然后又恢复到负值。二氧化碳净交换率与茎秆含水量变化率之间存在明显的正相关;在大多数情况下,茎秆含水量变化率为正或零时,碳释放相应,而变化率为负时,碳吸收相应。射频模型显示出卓越的预测准确性,预测值与实际值非常一致。具体来说,在正常浇水条件下,RF 模型的均方根误差 (RMSE)、判定系数 (R2) 和平均绝对误差 (MAE) 值分别为 1.356%、0.8576% 和 0.9257%;在干旱胁迫和后续补水条件下,相应值分别为 1.4567%、0.8436% 和 1.0258%。
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引用次数: 0
Pyridoxine-HCl Plus Gypsum and Humic Acid Reinforce Salinity Tolerance of Coriander Plants with Boosting Yield and Modifying Oil Fractionations 吡哆醇-HCl 加石膏和腐植酸增强了芫荽植株的耐盐性,提高了产量并改变了油脂馏分结构
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724603975
M. L. Hadid, T. A. Abd El-Mageed, K. M. A. Ramadan, H. S. El-Beltagi, K. M. Alwutayd, K. A. Hemida, T. A. Shalaby, M. I. Al-daej, H. S. Saudy, O. A. A. I. Al-Elwany

Abstract

Despite soil salinity is one of the prime abiotic stresses, exploiting the saline soils for the agricultural production will increase in the forthcoming decades to fulfill the human food requirements. Of course, the induction of crop tolerance to salt stress will share in plant growth enhancement and keeping productivity. The current study aimed to assess the influence of soil amendments (gypsum, GP and humic acid, HA) and vitamin B6 (pyridoxine-HCl), levels on growth, yield traits and bioactive compounds of coriander plants grown in salt-affected soil. GP and HA, whether individual or in combination, at a rate of 500 and 20 kg/ha, respectively, were applied under spraying of B6 at three levels of at 0.0, 150, 300 µM. The experiment was performed in a strip-plot arrangement under randomized complete blocks design using three replications. Findings illustrated the increases in umbels number/plant, umblets number/plant, seed counts/umbels, and seed yield/plant due to applying GP + HA × B6-leafy applied at 300 µM were 150.3, 117.9, 157.4, and 237.8%, respectively. GP + HA mixture with spraying 300 µM B6 possessed the lowest values of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (by 1.78 and 0.12 µmol/g FW, orderly), in relative to the control. As well, the highest significant percentages of TSS, SPC, FAA, and FProC were obtained from the combination of GP + HA mixture × 300 µM B6. Coriander plants received 300 µM B6 and amended with GP + HA mixture gave the greatest N, P and K+ and the lowest Na+ contents. Briefly, cultivating coriander plants in salty soils requires compatible agricultural practices via soil amendments plus exogenous application of vitamins. Herein, soil addition of gypsum + humic acid with foliar application of vitamin B6 could be a recommended practice in managing coriander production under saline soil conditions.

摘要尽管土壤盐渍化是主要的非生物胁迫之一,但为了满足人类对食物的需求,未来几十年利用盐碱地进行农业生产的情况将会增加。当然,诱导作物对盐胁迫的耐受性将有助于促进植物生长和保持生产力。本研究旨在评估土壤改良剂(石膏、GP 和腐植酸)和维生素 B6(吡哆醇-HCl)水平对生长在受盐影响土壤中的芫荽植物的生长、产量性状和生物活性化合物的影响。在喷洒 0.0、150 和 300 µM 三种水平的维生素 B6 的情况下,分别以每公顷 500 和 20 公斤的剂量施用 GP 和 HA(无论是单独施用还是混合施用)。试验采用随机完全区组设计下的条块式排列,三次重复。研究结果表明,施用 300 µM 的 GP + HA × B6-leafy 后,伞形花序数/株、颖果数/株、种子数/伞形花序和种子产量/株的增幅分别为 150.3%、117.9%、157.4% 和 237.8%。与对照相比,喷洒 300 µM B6 的 GP + HA 混合物的 H2O2 和丙二醛值最低(分别为 1.78 µmol/g FW 和 0.12 µmol/gFW)。此外,GP + HA 混合物 × 300 µM B6 组合的 TSS、SPC、FAA 和 FProC 显著百分比最高。接受 300 µM B6 并用 GP + HA 混合物添加的芫荽植株的 N、P 和 K+含量最高,Na+含量最低。简而言之,在含盐土壤中栽培芫荽植物需要通过土壤改良和外源施用维生素等农业措施来实现。因此,在盐碱地条件下管理芫荽生产时,建议在土壤中添加石膏和腐植酸,同时叶面喷施维生素 B6。
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引用次数: 0
Nitric Oxide Reduced Saponin Metabolite in Chenopodium quinoa Seedlings Cultivated under Salinity 一氧化氮还原盐碱地栽培藜麦幼苗的皂苷代谢物
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1134/s1021443723603518
T. Jafari, Alireza Iranbakhsh, K. Kamali Aliabad, F. Daneshmand, S. E. Seifati

Abstract

This study explored whether the exogenously applied nitric oxide (NO; 25 µM for 12 times with 7 days intervals) triggers variations in growth, physiological traits, and molecular characteristics in quinoa Chenopodium quinoa seedlings under two electrical conductivity (EC) conditions, including 1.5 and 8 dS/m. The foliar application of NO not only increased the number of leaves produced and the biomass of the shoots under the low EC conditions, but also mitigated the risk associated with the high EC conditions. Higher proline levels were recorded in both the leaves and the roots of plants treated with NO and/or salinity among which the (NO + salinity) group had the highest amount. Both NO and high EC treatments contributed to the reduction of the saponin metabolite concentration. The highest activity of the PAL enzyme was recorded in NO-treated seedlings cultivated under high EC conditions. Total soluble phenolic and flavonoid content exhibited a similar trend to that of the PAL activity in response to the NO treatments under two EC conditions. The NO or saline treatments individually up-regulated the WRKY transcription factor by an average of 4.2-fold, while the NO treatment under the saline medium led to a drastic increase (9.7-fold) in the expression of this gene. The bZIP gene also showed a similar trend as the WRKY transcription factor gene. According to the statistical analysis, the saponin content was negatively correlated with the expression of the evaluated genes (WRKY and bZIP). In conclusion, NO confers salinity resistance and may improve the quality of quinoa-based foods by reducing saponin accumulation.

摘要 本研究探讨了外源施用一氧化氮(NO;25 µM,12次,每次间隔7天)是否会引发藜麦幼苗在两种电导率(EC)条件下(包括1.5和8 dS/m)的生长、生理性状和分子特征的变化。在低导电率条件下,叶面喷施 NO 不仅能增加叶片数量和嫩枝生物量,还能降低高导电率条件下的相关风险。经 NO 和/或盐度处理的植物,其叶片和根部的脯氨酸含量都较高,其中 NO + 盐度组的脯氨酸含量最高。氮氧化物和高欧共体处理都有助于降低皂素代谢物的浓度。在高导电率条件下培育的经 NO 处理的幼苗中,PAL 酶的活性最高。在两种 EC 条件下,总可溶性酚类和类黄酮含量与 PAL 活性对 NO 处理的反应趋势相似。NO 或盐水处理单独上调了 WRKY 转录因子,平均上调幅度为 4.2 倍,而在盐水培养基下 NO 处理导致该基因表达量剧增(9.7 倍)。bZIP 基因也表现出与 WRKY 转录因子基因类似的趋势。根据统计分析,皂素含量与评估基因(WRKY 和 bZIP)的表达呈负相关。总之,NO 可赋予藜麦抗盐能力,并可通过减少皂素积累来提高藜麦食品的质量。
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引用次数: 0
Cold Responses Related to Abscisic Acid, Gibberellin and Indole Acetic Acid and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants in Chickpea 鹰嘴豆中与脱落酸、赤霉素、吲哚乙酸和非酶抗氧化剂有关的冷反应
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724603963
A.-S. Nikkhoye-Tanha, R. Maali-Amiri, A. M. Naji, A. Rezaei, F. Eshaghi-Gorji, B. Sadeghzadeh, A. Abbasi

Abstract

Cold response in plants is mediated by metabolic adjustments of hormones and defense systems which support survival, growth, and crop productivity. Hence, a comparative analysis of metaboliteschangewas conducted in conjunction with oxidative damages in two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes differing in cold-tolerance (Sel96th11439 and ILC533) during coldstress (4°C). In sensitive genotype, cold stress increased H2O2 and MDA contents by 47 and 57%, respectively, without any significant changes in tolerant genotype. During stress, unlike the tolerant genotype, the growth of sensitive genotype was markedly inhibited (by 11%) compared to control conditions. During the initial stages of cold responses, ABA content in tolerant genotype reached its peak, showing 77% increase 3 days post stress (dps), whereas the sensitive genotype showed 20% raise 6 dps. Gibberellin (GA) content in the tolerant genotype was 16% higher than the sensitive genotype 1 dps. Compared to control conditions, indole acetic acid (IAA) content attained its maximum level in tolerant and sensitive genotypes at 1 and 6 dps, respectively. 15% increase in phenol compoundsin tolerant genotype was concomitant with heightened antioxidant capacity, as well as increased in flavonoid and anthocyanin contents by 46, 75 and 200% respectively. At 6 dps, a significant increase in transcript levels of chalcone synthase (15.3-fold), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (3.5-fold), and DELLA (4.2-fold) genes were observed in tolerant genotype at 6 dps. It can be concluded that ability to develop defense responses towards cold stress was related to integrating time-dependent co-regulation patterns of hormone-metabolites with effective stability of plant pigments and growth.

摘要 植物的冷反应是通过激素和防御系统的代谢调整来实现的,而激素和防御系统支持着植物的生存、生长和作物产量。因此,在冷胁迫(4°C)期间,结合氧化损伤对两种耐寒性不同的鹰嘴豆(Cicer arietinum L.)基因型(Sel96th11439 和 ILC533)的代谢物变化进行了比较分析。在敏感基因型中,冷胁迫使 H2O2 和 MDA 含量分别增加了 47% 和 57%,而在耐受基因型中没有任何显著变化。在胁迫期间,与耐受基因型不同,敏感基因型的生长与对照条件相比明显受到抑制(11%)。在冷反应的初始阶段,耐受基因型的 ABA 含量达到峰值,在胁迫后 3 天(dps)增加了 77%,而敏感基因型在胁迫后 6 天(dps)增加了 20%。耐寒基因型的赤霉素(GA)含量比敏感基因型高出 16%。与对照条件相比,耐受基因型和敏感基因型的吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量分别在 1 dps 和 6 dps 达到最高水平。耐受基因型的酚类化合物增加了 15%,同时抗氧化能力也提高了,类黄酮和花青素含量分别增加了 46%、75% 和 200%。在 6 dps 时,耐受基因型中的查尔酮合成酶(15.3 倍)、苯丙氨酸氨解酶(3.5 倍)和 DELLA(4.2 倍)基因的转录水平显著增加。由此可以得出结论,对冷胁迫的防御能力与激素代谢物随时间变化的共同调控模式以及植物色素和生长的有效稳定性有关。
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引用次数: 0
Disruption of Long-Distance Transport Leads to Changes in Gene Expression Profiles of Sugar Transporters in Silver Birch 长距离运输中断导致银桦糖转运体基因表达谱发生变化
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724604944
Yu. L. Moshchenskaya, N. A. Galibina, T. V. Tarelkina, K. M. Nikerova, A. A. Serkova, M. A. Korzhenevskyi, A. V. Klimova, I. N. Sofronova, L. I. Semenova

Abstract

Karelian birch is a form of silver birch that is characterized by a violation of the ratio and spatial orientation of the structural elements of the trunk conductive tissues, resulting in the formation of typical figured wood. Karelian birch trees differ greatly in the degree of manifestation of abnormalities, and within the trunk of one tree there can be wood with normal and abnormal structure. The objects of study were 16-year-old common silver birch and Karelian birch trees with abnormal wood. We studied the expression profiles of genes encoding sucrose transporters to identify the role of apoplastic sucrose transport in the formation of trunk tissues in figure wood Karelian birch trees. For analysis, we selected figured and non-figured trunk section of the Karelian birch trees. We showed a sharp decrease in phloem conductivity in Karelian birch plants (2.3 times) compared to common silver birch. In addition to the inhibition of long-distance transport in Karelian birch trees, a disruption of the sucrose concentration gradient between the phloem and xylem was also observed, which probably contributes to the disruption of the symplastic radial transport of sugars to the developing wood. Changes in the symplastic transport system in Karelian birch led to an increased role of apoplastic transport, which was expressed in an increase in the gene expression of the SUT and SWEET gene families, encoding sucrose transporters that carry out transmembrane exchange of sucrose between cells and the apoplastic space.

摘要 卡累利阿桦树是银桦树的一种,其特点是树干传导组织结构元素的比例和空间方向发生变化,从而形成典型的花纹木。卡累利阿桦树的异常表现程度差别很大,一棵树的树干中可能有结构正常的木材,也可能有结构异常的木材。研究对象是 16 年树龄的普通银桦和有异常木材的卡累利阿桦树。我们研究了编码蔗糖转运体的基因的表达谱,以确定凋落物蔗糖转运在图木卡累利阿桦树树干组织形成过程中的作用。为了进行分析,我们选择了卡累利阿桦树的图木和非图木树干切片。我们发现,与普通银桦相比,卡累利阿桦树植株的韧皮部传导性急剧下降(2.3 倍)。除了卡累利阿桦树的长距离运输受到抑制外,我们还观察到韧皮部和木质部之间的蔗糖浓度梯度受到破坏,这可能是糖向发育中的木材的合成径向运输受到破坏的原因之一。卡累利阿桦树交联运输系统的变化导致凋落物运输的作用增加,表现为 SUT 和 SWEET 基因家族的基因表达量增加,这些基因编码蔗糖转运体,在细胞和凋落物空间之间进行蔗糖的跨膜交换。
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引用次数: 0
Combined Analysis of Transcriptome and Small RNA Sequencing Reveals the Mechanism of UV-B-promoted Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Ginkgo biloba 转录组和小 RNA 测序联合分析揭示了紫外线-B 促进银杏叶类黄酮生物合成的机制
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724604749
Y. Chu, H. Zhang, P. Wan, W. Li, L. Wang, S. Liu

Abstract

Flavonoids are the most abundant medicinal ingredients in Ginkgo biloba L. leaf extract (GBE), which is an important industrial raw material for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Our previous study found significantly higher flavonoid content in G. biloba leaves treated with UV-B for 7 days. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the miRNA-mRNA network responds to UV-B irradiation and regulates flavonoid biosynthesis remain unclear. Here, we identified 1348 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by transcriptome sequencing of G. biloba leaves from UV-B treatment at 0 (CK) and 7 days, and 89.76% of DEG were induced by UV-B irradiation. Analysis of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway revealed 16 differentially expressed structural genes (SGs), all of which were upregulated after UV-B treatment. Twelve DEGs were identified by analyzing transcription factors (TFs), including MYB, bHLH, and WD40, which regulate flavonoid biosynthesis, 11 of which were upregulated. Furthermore, small RNA sequencing of ginkgo leaves from control and UV-B-treated groups on days 0 and 7 revealed 58 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the target genes of the DEMs were significantly enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Finally, combined analysis of transcriptome and miRNA data identified 32 DEMs targeting 43 SGs involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, and 42 DEMs targeting 68 TFs that regulate flavonoid biosynthesis. Taken together, our findings revealed that multiple miRNA-SG and miRNA-TF networks may regulate G. biloba flavonoid biosynthesis in response to UV-B irradiation, providing new insights into the miRNA regulation of G. biloba flavonoid biosynthesis.

摘要类黄酮是银杏叶提取物(GBE)中最丰富的药用成分,是治疗心脑血管疾病的重要工业原料。我们之前的研究发现,经紫外线-B 处理 7 天的银杏叶中黄酮类化合物含量明显较高。然而,miRNA-mRNA 网络响应 UV-B 照射并调控类黄酮生物合成的分子机制仍不清楚。在此,我们通过转录组测序鉴定了1348个差异表达基因(DEGs),其中89.76%的DEGs由UV-B照射诱导。对黄酮类化合物生物合成途径的分析发现了 16 个差异表达的结构基因(SGs),这些基因在紫外线-B 处理后全部上调。通过分析转录因子(TFs),包括调控类黄酮生物合成的 MYB、bHLH 和 WD40,发现了 12 个 DEGs,其中 11 个上调。此外,对第0天和第7天对照组和紫外线-B处理组的银杏叶进行小RNA测序,发现了58个差异表达的miRNA(DEMs)。KEGG 富集分析表明,DEMs 的靶基因在类黄酮生物合成途径中明显富集。最后,通过对转录组和 miRNA 数据的综合分析,发现了 32 个以参与类黄酮生物合成的 43 个 SG 为靶基因的 DEMs,以及 42 个以调控类黄酮生物合成的 68 个 TF 为靶基因的 DEMs。总之,我们的研究结果揭示了多个 miRNA-SG 和 miRNA-TF 网络可能调控双叶植物黄酮类化合物的生物合成以应对 UV-B 照射,为 miRNA 调控双叶植物黄酮类化合物的生物合成提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
From Pixels to Phenotypes: Quest of Machine Vision for Drought Tolerance Traits in Plants 从像素到表型:机器视觉对植物耐旱性状的探索
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724604671
V. Hegde, M. S. Sowmya, P. S. Basavaraj, M. Sonone, H. Deshmukh, K. S. Reddy, J. Rane

Abstract

Drought stress poses a significant threat to global agricultural productivity and food security. Understanding how plants adapt to drought conditions is crucial for developing drought-resistant crop varieties. Plants have been gifted with adaptation capacity to cope with situations arising from water deficit. Their capacity to acclimate is featured by adaptive changes in plants. The capacity to capture changes in shoot architecture has now been enhanced by the advent of non-invasive phenotyping techniques involving various imaging systems in plant phenomics platforms. These platforms thrive on the assumption that the plant responses reflected in terms of changes in the structure of the plant that can offer ample scope to employ machine vision for differentiating the responses of plants to soil-moisture deficit. Further, it is assumed that the detectable genetic variation in morphological traits responding to soil moisture deficit can provide hints about a plant’s tolerance to stress and can be exploited to improve crop productivity in drought-prone areas. Genomic interventions utilizing high throughput phenotyping, make the selection of drought-tolerant genotypes easier. In recent years, machine vision has emerged as a powerful tool to study and quantify plant responses to drought stress. This article reviews the current state of knowledge on drought-adaptive responses in plants and explores the potential of genomic-assisted breeding tools coupled with high-throughput phenotyping platforms and machine vision to accelerate the elucidation of genotypic differences in adaptive traits. We also highlighted its role in deciphering the complex interplay of genotypic variations in drought-adaptive traits and harnessing artificial intelligence (AI) for machine vision data processing for the transformative potential in enhancing our understanding of plant responses to drought and expediting the development of climate-resilient crop varieties.

摘要 干旱胁迫对全球农业生产力和粮食安全构成重大威胁。了解植物如何适应干旱条件对于开发抗旱作物品种至关重要。植物具有应对缺水情况的适应能力。植物的适应能力主要体现在植物的适应性变化上。现在,植物表型组学平台中各种成像系统的非侵入式表型技术的出现增强了捕捉嫩枝结构变化的能力。这些平台的发展基于这样一个假设,即植物的反应反映在植物结构的变化上,这为利用机器视觉区分植物对土壤水分缺乏的反应提供了广阔的空间。此外,我们还假设,形态特征对土壤水分不足的反应中可检测到的遗传变异可为植物对压力的耐受性提供提示,并可用于提高易旱地区的作物产量。利用高通量表型技术进行基因组干预,可以更容易地选择耐旱基因型。近年来,机器视觉已成为研究和量化植物对干旱胁迫反应的有力工具。本文回顾了植物干旱适应性反应的知识现状,并探讨了基因组辅助育种工具与高通量表型平台和机器视觉相结合,加速阐明适应性性状基因型差异的潜力。我们还强调了它在破译干旱适应性状基因型变异的复杂相互作用方面的作用,以及利用人工智能(AI)进行机器视觉数据处理的变革潜力,以提高我们对植物干旱反应的认识,加快开发气候适应性强的作物品种。
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引用次数: 0
Lipoic Acid Can Maintain Stimulation of the Antioxidant System at Lower Reactive Oxygen Species, Ascorbate and Glutathione Levels in Osmotic Stressed Maize 硫辛酸能以较低的活性氧、抗坏血酸和谷胱甘肽水平维持对渗透胁迫玉米抗氧化系统的刺激作用
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1134/s1021443724604373
S. D. Gumrukcu Simsek, R. Terzi, N. Saruhan Guler

Abstract

Lipoic acid (LA), a unique antioxidant compound, can stimulate the antioxidant defense system in plants subjected to abiotic stresses. We aimed to determine the role of LA in induction of the antioxidant system at lower reactive oxygen species (ROS), ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione (GSH) levels in osmotic-stressed maize (Zea mays L.). For this purpose, ROS, GSH and ASC contents were decreased using N,N'‑dimethylthiourea (DMTU), L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) and acriflavine (AF), respectively. Pots containing 21-day-old seedlings were divided into nine groups consisting of a non-stressed group; polyethylene glycol6000 (PEG)-induced osmotic stress (PEG) group, LA, DMTU, BSO and AF treatment groups; and DMTU, BSO, and AF-combined LA treatment groups under osmotic stress. ROS contents and membrane damage after the DMTU, BSO, and AF-combined LA treatments were lower than those after the DMTU, BSO, and AF treatments, respectively. Moreover, the LA treatments in combination with DMTU, BSO and AF increased dry weight, activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase), and contents of GSH, ASC, and LA compared to the DMTU, BSO and AF treatments. Additionally, the relative expression levels of SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE, CATALASE1 and ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE1 genes were consistent with the findings for their related antioxidant enzyme activities. These results indicated that LA could adjust ROS level and maintain stimulation of the antioxidant system at lower ROS, GSH, and ASC levels in osmotic stressed maize. Furthermore, LA may play a signaling role and assume the function of ASC and GSH in maize under PEG-induced osmotic stress.

摘要硫辛酸(LA)是一种独特的抗氧化化合物,可刺激植物在非生物胁迫下的抗氧化防御系统。我们旨在确定硫辛酸在降低渗透胁迫玉米(Zea mays L.)的活性氧(ROS)、抗坏血酸(ASC)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平时诱导抗氧化系统的作用。为此,分别使用 N,N'-二甲基硫脲(DMTU)、L-丁硫氨酸亚磺酰亚胺(BSO)和阿西黄嘌呤(AF)来降低 ROS、GSH 和 ASC 的含量。将含有21天幼苗的花盆分为九组,包括无胁迫组;聚乙二醇6000(PEG)诱导的渗透胁迫(PEG)组;LA、DMTU、BSO和AF处理组;以及渗透胁迫下的DMTU、BSO和AF联合LA处理组。DMTU、BSO和AF联合LA处理后的ROS含量和膜损伤分别低于DMTU、BSO和AF处理后的ROS含量和膜损伤。此外,与 DMTU、BSO 和 AF 处理相比,LA 与 DMTU、BSO 和 AF 复合处理增加了干重、抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶)的活性以及 GSH、ASC 和 LA 的含量。此外,过氧化氢歧化酶、CATALASE1和ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE1基因的相对表达水平与其相关抗氧化酶活性的研究结果一致。这些结果表明,LA 可以调节 ROS 水平,并在较低的 ROS、GSH 和 ASC 水平下维持对渗透胁迫玉米抗氧化系统的刺激。此外,在 PEG 诱导的渗透胁迫下,LA 可能发挥信号传导作用,并承担 ASC 和 GSH 的功能。
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引用次数: 0
Metabolic Response of Haematococcus lacustris under the Influence of Induced-Stress: Strategies and Exogenous Toxicity of Phenol 诱导应激影响下漆膜血球藻的代谢反应:策略和苯酚的外源毒性
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1134/s102144372360294x
H. Rezazadeh, H. Mansouri

Abstract

Under extreme environmental conditions, Haematococcus lacustris (Girod-Chantrans) Rostafinski has shown significant accumulation of astaxanthin. Nevertheless, understanding of the effects of toxic chemicals on pigment synthesis is still limited. In this study, H. lacustris was treated with phenol to investigate cellular responses, pigment synthesis and the astaxanthin production. The effects of phenol were investigated at concentrations ranging from 0 to 150 mg/L for a 14-day treatment and a 7-day pre-treatment followed by a further 7 days at the green and red growth stages. Phenol led to an increase in carotenoids, proteins and dry biomass in the green cells of treatment, while the content of carbohydrates and chlorophyll decreased in the treatment of green cells. Pretreatment increased chlorophyll a, carbohydrates and carotenoids in the green cells, with minimal effects on dry biomass, green cell proteins and red cell proteins. Phenol treatment increased the content of carotenoids, carbohydrates, dry biomass and protein in the red cells, especially at lower concentrations. Treatment with high-concentration phenol had a significant effect on xanthophylls, while pretreatment with lower concentrations of phenol showed parallel effects. Higher phenol concentrations reduced astaxanthin production in both treatment and pretreatment. In conclusion, phenol can stimulate xanthophyll production in H. lacustris algae, highlighting the complex interplay between environmental factors and pigment synthesis.

摘要在极端环境条件下,Haematococcus lacustris (Girod-Chantrans) Rostafinski 显示出虾青素的显著积累。然而,人们对有毒化学物质对色素合成的影响的了解仍然有限。本研究用苯酚处理 H. lacustris,以研究细胞反应、色素合成和虾青素的产生。苯酚浓度为 0 至 150 毫克/升,处理 14 天,预处理 7 天,然后在绿色和红色生长阶段再处理 7 天。苯酚导致处理的绿色细胞中类胡萝卜素、蛋白质和干生物量增加,而处理的绿色细胞中碳水化合物和叶绿素含量减少。预处理增加了绿细胞中的叶绿素 a、碳水化合物和类胡萝卜素,而对干生物量、绿细胞蛋白质和红细胞蛋白质的影响很小。酚处理增加了红细胞中类胡萝卜素、碳水化合物、干生物量和蛋白质的含量,尤其是在较低浓度时。用高浓度苯酚处理对黄绿素有显著影响,而用较低浓度苯酚进行预处理也有同样的效果。在处理和预处理过程中,较高浓度的苯酚都会减少虾青素的产生。总之,苯酚能刺激漆黑色藻类产生黄绿素,这说明环境因素与色素合成之间存在复杂的相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
Identification and Expression Pattern Analysis of the bZIP Gene Family Based on the Whole Genome of Rosa chinensis (Jacq.) 基于蔷薇全基因组的 bZIP 基因家族的鉴定和表达模式分析
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1134/s1021443723602884
W. Cheng, P. Cheng, W. Li, T. Yan, C. Ou, C. Huang

Abstract

Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors play a crucial role in both biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants, making them essential candidates for stress-resistance breeding in Rosa chinensis (Jacq.). In this study, we utilized the whole genome sequencing data of R. chinensis and various biological information software to identify the RcbZIP transcription factor family and investigate its classification and expression patterns. Our findings revealed a total of 64 members in the RcbZIP family, with 35 members forming a gene cluster distributed across different chromosomes. Furthermore, we observed fragment duplication in only one pair of RcbZIP genes, indicating that tandem duplication was the primary driving force behind gene family amplification. Notably, a significant amplification of RcbZIP genes may have occurred prior to the divergence of R. chinensis and A. thaliana from their common ancestor. By integrating the expression patterns of RcbZIP genes under salt stress and their orthologous gene functions in Arabidopsis, we speculate that RcbZIP9, RcbZIP17, RcbZIP25, RcbZIP42, RcbZIP49, and RcbZIP53 may play a crucial role in the response of R. chinensis to salt stress. These results provide valuable insights for further research on the biological functions of RcbZIP genes, as well as their involvement in the growth, development, regulation, and stress response mechanisms in R. chinensis.

摘要 基本亮氨酸拉链(bZIP)转录因子在植物的生物和非生物胁迫反应中起着关键作用,因此是栝楼(Rosa chinensis, Jacq.)抗逆育种的重要候选因子。在本研究中,我们利用栝楼属植物的全基因组测序数据和各种生物信息软件,鉴定了RcbZIP转录因子家族,并研究了其分类和表达模式。我们的研究结果显示,RcbZIP家族共有64个成员,其中35个成员组成了一个基因簇,分布在不同的染色体上。此外,我们只在一对 RcbZIP 基因中观察到片段重复,这表明串联重复是基因家族扩增的主要驱动力。值得注意的是,RcbZIP基因的显著扩增可能发生在R. chinensis和A. thaliana从其共同祖先分化出来之前。通过整合RcbZIP基因在盐胁迫下的表达模式及其在拟南芥中的同源基因功能,我们推测RcbZIP9、RcbZIP17、RcbZIP25、RcbZIP42、RcbZIP49和RcbZIP53可能在盐胁迫下对R.chinensis的响应中起关键作用。这些结果为进一步研究 RcbZIP 基因的生物学功能及其参与盐胁迫的生长、发育、调控和胁迫响应机制提供了有价值的见解。
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引用次数: 0
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Russian Journal of Plant Physiology
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