Royal Society Open Science最新文献_第2页

Examining uncertainty in journal peer reviewers' recommendations: a cross-sectional study. 考察期刊同行评审员建议中的不确定性：一项横断面研究。

IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Royal Society Open Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240612

Adrian Barnett,Liz Allen,Adrian Aldcroft,Timothy L Lash,Victoria McCreanor

The peer review process is used throughout science but has often been criticized for being inconsistent, with decisions dependent on the peers who did the reviewing. Much of the decision inconsistency arises from the differences between reviewers in terms of their expertise, training and experience. Another source of uncertainty is within reviewers as they must make a single recommendation (e.g. 'Accept'), when they may have wavered between two (e.g. 'Accept' or 'Reject'). We estimated the size of within-reviewer uncertainty using post-review surveys at three journals. We asked reviewers to think outside the recommendation they gave (e.g. 'Accept') and assign percentages to all other recommendations (e.g. 'Major revision'). Reviewers who were certain could assign 100% to one recommendation. Twenty-three per cent of reviewers reported no uncertainty (95% confidence interval 19-27%). Women were associated with more uncertainty at one journal, and protocol papers were associated with more uncertainty at one journal. Reviewers commonly experience some uncertainty when peer-reviewing journal articles. This uncertainty is part of the variability in peer reviewers' recommendation.

同行评审程序在整个科学界都在使用，但经常被批评为前后不一，决定取决于进行评审的同行。决定不一致在很大程度上源于审稿人之间在专业知识、培训和经验方面的差异。不确定性的另一个来源是审稿人内部，因为他们必须提出单一的建议（如 "接受"），而他们可能在两个建议之间摇摆不定（如 "接受 "或 "拒绝"）。我们通过对三家期刊进行审稿后调查，估算了审稿人内部不确定性的大小。我们要求审稿人跳出他们给出的建议（如 "接受"），为所有其他建议（如 "重大修改"）分配百分比。有把握的审稿人可以对一项建议给出 100% 的百分比。23% 的审稿人表示没有不确定性（95% 置信区间为 19-27%）。在一份期刊中，女性审稿人的不确定性更高；在一份期刊中，协议论文的不确定性更高。审稿人在同行评审期刊论文时通常会遇到一些不确定性。这种不确定性是同行评审员推荐意见变化的一部分。

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引用次数: 0

Low temperature Cu-Cu direct bonding in air ambient by ultrafast surface grain growth. 在空气环境中通过超快表面晶粒生长实现低温铜-铜直接结合。

IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Royal Society Open Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240459

Yun-Fong Lee,Yu-Chen Huang,Jui-Sheng Chang,Ting-Yi Cheng,Po-Yu Chen,Wei-Chieh Huang,Mei-Hsin Lo,Kuan-Lin Fu,Tse-Lin Lai,Po-Kai Chang,Zhong-Yen Yu,Cheng-Yi Liu

Fine-grain copper (Cu) films (grain size: 100.36 nm) with a near-atomic-scale surface (0.39 nm) were electroplated. Without advanced post-surface treatment, Cu-Cu direct bonding can be achieved with present-day fine-grain Cu films at 130℃ in air ambient with a minimum pressure of 1 MPa. The instantaneous growth rate on the first day is 164.29 nm d-1. Also, the average growth rate (∆R/∆t) is evaluated by the present experimental results: (i) 218.185 nm d-1 for the first-day period and (ii) 105.58 nm d-1 during the first 14-day period. Ultrafast grain growth and near-atomic-scale surface facilitate grain boundary motion across the bonding interface, which is the key to achieve Cu-Cu direct bonding at 130℃ in air ambient.

细晶粒铜（Cu）薄膜（晶粒大小：100.36 nm）表面接近原子级（0.39 nm）。无需先进的表面后处理，在 130℃、最小压力为 1 兆帕的空气环境中就能实现当今细晶粒铜膜的铜-铜直接结合。第一天的瞬时生长率为 164.29 nm d-1。此外，本实验结果还评估了平均生长率（ΔR/Δt）：(i) 第一天为 218.185 nm d-1，(ii) 前 14 天为 105.58 nm d-1。超快的晶粒生长和近原子尺度的表面促进了跨键合界面的晶界运动，这是实现在 130℃的空气环境中铜-铜直接键合的关键。

引用次数: 0

Brain shapes of large-bodied, flightless ratites (Aves: Palaeognathae) emerge through distinct developmental allometries. 身体庞大、不会飞的鼠类（鸟类：古鸟类）的大脑形状是通过不同的发育异构体形成的。

IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Royal Society Open Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240765

Meghan R Forcellati,Todd L Green,Akinobu Watanabe

Comparative neuroanatomical studies have long debated the role of development in the evolution of novel and disparate brain morphologies. Historically, these studies have emphasized whether evolutionary shifts along conserved or distinct developmental allometric trends cause changes in brain morphologies. However, the degree to which interspecific differences between variably sized taxa originate through modifying developmental allometry remains largely untested. Taxa with disparate brain shapes and sizes thus allow for investigation into how developmental trends contribute to neuroanatomical diversification. Here, we examine a developmental series of large-bodied ratite birds (approx. 60-140 kg). We use three-dimensional geometric morphometrics on cephalic endocasts of common ostriches, emus and southern cassowaries and compare their developmental trajectories with those of the more modestly sized domestic chicken, previously shown to be in the same allometric grade as ratites. The results suggest that ratites and chickens exhibit disparate endocranial shapes not simply accounted for by their size differences. When shape and age are examined, chickens partly exhibit more accelerated and mature brain shapes than ratites of similar size and age. Taken together, our study indicates that disparate brain shapes between these differently sized taxa have emerged from the evolution of distinct developmental allometries, rather than simply following conserved scaling trends.

长期以来，比较神经解剖学研究一直在争论发育在新型和不同大脑形态进化中的作用。从历史上看，这些研究强调的是，沿着保守或独特的发育异速趋势的进化转变是否会导致大脑形态的变化。然而，大小不一的类群之间的种间差异在多大程度上是通过改变发育异构而产生的，这一点在很大程度上仍未得到验证。因此，具有不同大脑形状和大小的类群有助于研究发育趋势如何导致神经解剖学的多样化。在这里，我们研究了大体型鼠类鸟类（约 60-140 千克）的发育系列。我们对普通鸵鸟、鸸鹋和南方食火鸡的头骨内骨进行了三维几何形态计量学研究，并将它们的发育轨迹与体型较小的家鸡的发育轨迹进行了比较。结果表明，鼠类和鸡表现出不同的颅内形状，这并不能简单地用它们的体型差异来解释。当对形状和年龄进行研究时，鸡的部分大脑形状比体型和年龄相似的鼠类大脑形状更快、更成熟。总之，我们的研究表明，这些大小不同的类群之间不同的大脑形状是由不同的发育异构进化而来的，而不是简单地遵循保守的缩放趋势。

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引用次数: 0

Body size modulates the extent of seasonal diet switching by large mammalian herbivores in Yellowstone National Park. 体型调节黄石国家公园大型哺乳类食草动物季节性食物转换的程度。

IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Royal Society Open Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240136

Bethan L Littleford-Colquhoun,Chris Geremia,Lauren M McGarvey,Jerod A Merkle,Hannah K Hoff,Heidi Anderson,Carlisle R Segal,Rebecca Y Kartzinel,Ian J Maywar,Natalie Nantais,Camela Moore,Tyler R Kartzinel

Prevailing theories about animal foraging behaviours and the food webs they occupy offer divergent predictions about whether seasonally limited food availability promotes dietary diversification or specialization. Emphasis on how animals compete for food predominates in work on the foraging ecology of large mammalian herbivores, whereas emphasis on how the diversity of available foods generally constrains dietary opportunity predominates work on entire food webs. Reconciling predictions about what promotes dietary diversification is challenging because species' different body sizes and mobilities modulate how they seek and compete for resources-the mechanistic bases of common predictions may not pertain to all species equally. We evaluated predictions about five large-herbivore species that differ in body size and mobility in Yellowstone National Park using GPS tracking and dietary DNA. The data illuminated remarkably strong and significant correlations between body size and five key indicators of diet seasonality (R 2 = 0.71-0.80). Compared to smaller species, bison and elk showed muted diet seasonality and maintained access to more unique foods when winter conditions constrained food availability. Evidence from GPS collars revealed size-based differences in species' seasonal movements and habitat-use patterns, suggesting that better accounting for the allometry of foraging behaviours may help reconcile disparate ideas about the ecological drivers of seasonal diet switching.

关于动物觅食行为及其占据的食物网的主流理论对季节性有限的食物供应是促进食物多样化还是专业化提供了不同的预测。大型哺乳动物食草动物的觅食生态学研究主要强调动物如何竞争食物，而整个食物网的研究则主要强调可获得食物的多样性如何限制觅食机会。由于物种的体型和活动能力不同，它们寻找和争夺资源的方式也不同--常见预测的机理基础可能并不适用于所有物种，因此协调有关促进食物多样化的预测具有挑战性。我们利用 GPS 跟踪和食物 DNA 评估了黄石国家公园中体型和移动能力不同的五个大型食草动物物种的预测。数据显示，体型与饮食季节性的五个关键指标之间存在显著的强相关性（R 2 = 0.71-0.80）。与体型较小的物种相比，野牛和麋鹿的饮食季节性较弱，当冬季条件限制食物供应时，它们仍能获得更多独特的食物。来自全球定位系统项圈的证据显示，物种的季节性运动和栖息地利用模式存在基于体型的差异，这表明更好地考虑觅食行为的异体性可能有助于调和关于季节性饮食转换的生态驱动因素的不同观点。

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引用次数: 0

5-(Pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-furan-1-ium (NNKFI): a computational study of its physico-chemical properties. 5-(吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-呋喃-1-鎓（NNKFI）：对其物理化学性质的计算研究。

IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Royal Society Open Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230975

Evan Millam,Christos Deligkaris,Edmir O Wade

Recent work on the diazonium ion metabolite of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNKDI) suggests that 5-(pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-furan-1-ium (NNKFI) may form from NNKDI via an intramolecular reaction. NNKDI is an important carcinogen whose role as an alkylating agent has received significant attention. While there is some experimental evidence supporting NNKFI's production in vitro, it has not yet been directly observed. Little is known about NNKFI's structure and reactivity. We report the first in silico examination of this ion. Our study utilized Kohn-Sham density functional theory (B3LYP/6-311G**) and coupled cluster theory (CCSD/6-31G*) to produce energy-optimized structures, vibrational normal modes and molecular orbitals for NNKFI. To gain insight into the chemical properties of this species, we calculated electrostatic potential surfaces, natural population analysis charges and local Fukui indices. We report data and results for NNKFI's cis and trans conformers. Our work confirms C5 as the preferred site for nucleophilic attack in NNKFI. Stretching motions and predicted bond lengths near O1 are consistent with a somewhat weakened carbonyl structure in this ion. Partial charges, electrostatic potential surfaces and local Fukui indices reveal delocalization of cationic charge on the furanium moiety and notable carbocation character at C5.

最近关于 4-(甲基亚硝基氨基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮（NNKDI）重氮离子代谢物的研究表明，5-(吡啶-3-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-呋喃-1-鎓（NNKFI）可能是由 NNKDI 通过分子内反应形成的。NNKDI 是一种重要的致癌物质，其作为烷化剂的作用受到了广泛关注。虽然有一些实验证据支持 NNKFI 在体外生成，但尚未对其进行直接观察。人们对 NNKFI 的结构和反应性知之甚少。我们报告了对这种离子的首次硅学研究。我们的研究利用 Kohn-Sham 密度泛函理论（B3LYP/6-311G**）和耦合簇理论（CCSD/6-31G*）来生成 NNKFI 的能量优化结构、振动常态模式和分子轨道。为了深入了解该物种的化学特性，我们计算了静电位面、天然种群分析电荷和局部 Fukui 指数。我们报告了 NNKFI 顺式和反式构象的数据和结果。我们的研究证实 C5 是 NNKFI 亲核攻击的首选位点。O1 附近的伸展运动和预测键长与该离子中略微减弱的羰基结构一致。局部电荷、静电位面和局部 Fukui 指数揭示了呋喃分子上阳离子电荷的分散以及 C5 处显著的碳位特征。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic effects of thermal acclimation on chytridiomycosis infection intensity and transmission potential in Xenopus laevis. 热适应对爪蟾糜烂病感染强度和传播潜力的动态影响

IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Royal Society Open Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240789

James E Noelker,Vitoria Abreu Ruozzi,Kyle D Spengler,Hunter M Craig,Thomas R Raffel

The pandemic amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) can cause more severe infections with variable temperatures owing to delays in host thermal acclimation following temperature shifts. However, little is known about the timing of these acclimation effects or their consequences for Bd transmission. We measured how thermal acclimation affects Bd infection in Xenopus laevis, using a timing-of-exposure treatment to investigate acclimation effect persistence following a temperature shift. Consistent with a delay in host acclimation, warm-acclimated frogs exposed to Bd immediately following a temperature decrease (day 0) developed higher infection intensities than frogs already acclimated to the cool temperature. This acclimation effect was surprisingly persistent (five weeks). Acclimation did not affect infection intensity when Bd exposure occurred one week after the temperature shift, indicating that frogs fully acclimated to new temperatures within 7 days. This suggests that acclimation effect persistence beyond one week post-exposure was caused by carry-over from initially high infection loads, rather than an extended delay in host acclimation. In a second experiment, we replicated the persistent thermal acclimation effects on Bd infection but found no acclimation effects on zoospore production. This suggests that variable temperatures consistently exacerbate individual Bd infection but may not necessarily increase Bd transmission.

两栖动物大流行病原体蝙蝠疫霉菌（Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis，Bd）可在温度变化时造成更严重的感染，原因是温度变化后宿主热适应的延迟。然而，人们对这些适应效应的时间及其对 Bd 传播的影响知之甚少。我们测量了热适应如何影响非洲爪蟾的Bd感染，采用了暴露时机处理方法来研究温度变化后适应效应的持续性。与宿主适应延迟相一致的是，在温度降低后（第0天）立即暴露于Bd的温适应蛙比已经适应低温的蛙感染强度更高。这种适应效应持续时间之长令人惊讶（5 周）。当温度变化一周后才接触 Bd 时，适应性并不影响感染强度，这表明青蛙在 7 天内就完全适应了新的温度。这表明，暴露后一周后的适应效应持续存在是由于最初的高感染负荷所造成的，而不是宿主适应的延迟。在第二个实验中，我们重复了热适应对 Bd 感染的持续影响，但发现热适应对孢子的产生没有影响。这表明多变的温度会持续加剧个体的 Bd 感染，但不一定会增加 Bd 的传播。

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引用次数: 0

A new understanding of coronary curvature and haemodynamic impact on the course of plaque onset and progression. 重新认识冠状动脉曲率和血流动力学对斑块形成和发展过程的影响。

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Royal Society Open Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-11 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.241267

Mingzi Zhang, Ramtin Gharleghi, Chi Shen, Susann Beier

The strong link between atherosclerosis and luminal biomechanical stresses is well established. Yet, this understanding has not translated into preventative coronary diagnostic imaging, particularly due to the under-explored role of coronary anatomy and haemodynamics in plaque onset, which we aim to address with this work. The left coronary trees of 20 non-stenosed (%diameter stenosis [%DS] = 0), 12 moderately (0 < %DS < 70) and 7 severely (%DS ≥ 70) stenosed cases were dissected into bifurcating and non-bifurcating segments for whole-tree and segment-specific comparisons, correlating nine three-dimensional coronary anatomical features, topological shear variation index (TSVI) and luminal areas subject to low time-average endothelial shear stress (%LowTAESS), high oscillatory shear index (%HighOSI) and high relative residence time (%HighRRT). We found that TSVI is the only metric consistently differing between non-stenosed and stenosed cases across the whole tree, bifurcating and non-bifurcating segments (p < 0.002, AUC = 0.876), whereas average curvature and %HighOSI differed only for the whole trees (p < 0.024) and non-bifurcating segments (p < 0.027), with AUC > 0.711. Coronary trees with moderate or severe stenoses differed only in %LowTAESS (p = 0.009) and %HighRRT (p = 0.012). This suggests TSVI, curvature and %HighOSI are potential factors driving plaque onset, with greater predictive performance than the previously recognized %LowTAESS and %HighRRT, which appears to play a role in plaque progression.

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引用次数: 0

An ensemble approach integrating LSTM and ARIMA models for enhanced financial market predictions. 集成 LSTM 和 ARIMA 模型的集合方法，用于增强金融市场预测。

IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Royal Society Open Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240699

Lesia Mochurad,Andrii Dereviannyi

Forecasting financial markets is a complex task that requires addressing various challenges, such as market complexity, data heterogeneity, the need for rapid response and constant changes in conditions, to gain a competitive advantage. To effectively address these challenges, it is necessary to constantly improve existing and develop new methods of intelligent forecasting, which will improve the accuracy of forecasts, reduce risks and increase the productivity of financial decision-making processes. In this article, we study and analyse forecasting methods in financial markets, such as support vector regression (SVR), autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), long short-term memory recurrent neural network (LSTM) and extreme gradient boosting algorithm (XG-Boost). Based on this analysis, we propose an ensemble forecasting procedure that integrates LSTM and ARIMA models. Due to the careful combination of these models, our approach yields better results than individual methods. For example, our model demonstrates a significant 15% improvement in root mean square error (RMSE) and a slight improvement in coefficient of determination compared with LSTM. Furthermore, simulation results obtained on three real-world datasets and evaluated using the RMSE criterion confirm the superiority of our proposed method over alternative methods such as LSTMs, transformer models and optimized deep recurrent neural networks with long short-term memory for financial market forecasting. Furthermore, our approach creates the prerequisites for parallelizing both models, thus providing an opportunity to accelerate forecasting results in future research.

金融市场预测是一项复杂的任务，需要应对各种挑战，如市场复杂性、数据异质性、快速反应的需要和条件的不断变化，以获得竞争优势。为了有效应对这些挑战，有必要不断改进现有的智能预测方法并开发新的方法，从而提高预测的准确性，降低风险并提高金融决策过程的效率。本文研究分析了支持向量回归（SVR）、自回归综合移动平均（ARIMA）、长短期记忆递归神经网络（LSTM）和极梯度提升算法（XG-Boost）等金融市场的预测方法。在此分析基础上，我们提出了一种整合 LSTM 和 ARIMA 模型的集合预测程序。由于对这些模型进行了精心组合，我们的方法比单个方法产生了更好的结果。例如，与 LSTM 相比，我们的模型在均方根误差（RMSE）方面显著改善了 15%，在决定系数方面也略有改善。此外，在三个真实世界数据集上获得的模拟结果和使用均方根误差标准进行的评估证实，我们提出的方法在金融市场预测方面优于 LSTM、变压器模型和具有长短期记忆的优化深度递归神经网络等其他方法。此外，我们的方法为两个模型的并行化创造了先决条件，从而为在未来研究中加速预测结果提供了机会。

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引用次数: 0

Individual quality and environmental factors interact to shape reproduction and survival in a resident bird of prey. 个体素质和环境因素相互作用，影响了留鸟的繁殖和生存。

IF 3.5 3区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Royal Society Open Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231934

Roman Bühler,Thomas V Riecke,Kim Schalcher,Alexandre Roulin,Bettina Almasi

Investigating among-individual differences in reproductive success and survival is essential for understanding eco-evolutionary processes. We used 5 years of demographic data from 556 breeding barn owls (Tyto alba) to estimate associations between intrinsic and extrinsic covariates on survival and reproduction throughout the annual cycle. As males and females have distinct roles in reproduction, environmental conditions and individual quality may be differentially linked to their fitness at different time points. Males breeding early and inhabiting prey-rich areas experienced higher reproductive success but faced greater reproductive costs. Indeed, the number of offspring a male cared for was negatively associated with his body condition and survival. However, our results indicate that these influences can be mitigated in males experiencing favourable post-breeding environmental conditions. For female owls, early breeding and high food availability during the breeding period were linked with increased reproductive success. Prey availability during incubation and higher reproductive output were associated with higher survival into the next breeding period in females. Unlike males, females did not exhibit obvious trade-offs between reproductive success and survival. Our research demonstrates trade-offs between fecundity and survival, and that females paired with males able to provide sufficient food experience higher survival and reproduction.

调查个体间繁殖成功率和存活率的差异对于了解生态进化过程至关重要。我们利用 556 只繁殖期谷仓鸮（Tyto alba）5 年的人口统计学数据，估算了内在和外在协变量在整个年周期中对存活率和繁殖率的影响。由于雄性和雌性在繁殖中扮演着不同的角色，环境条件和个体质量可能在不同的时间点与它们的健康状况有着不同的联系。雄性繁殖较早且栖息在猎物丰富的地区，其繁殖成功率较高，但面临的繁殖成本也较高。事实上，雄性照顾的后代数量与其身体状况和存活率呈负相关。然而，我们的研究结果表明，如果雄性在繁殖后的环境条件有利，这些影响可以得到缓解。对于雌性猫头鹰来说，早繁殖和繁殖期间食物供应充足与繁殖成功率的提高有关。雌性猫头鹰在孵化期间的猎物供应量和较高的繁殖产量与较高的下一个繁殖期存活率有关。与雄性不同，雌性在繁殖成功率和存活率之间没有表现出明显的权衡。我们的研究证明了繁殖力和存活率之间的权衡，与能够提供充足食物的雄性配对的雌性存活率和繁殖率更高。

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引用次数: 0

Microbial biomarkers as indicators of sperm viability in an insect.

IF 2.9 3区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Royal Society Open Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-11 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240734

Kathryn B McNamara, Ashley M Dungan, Linda L Blackall, Leigh W Simmons

Our understanding of microbial variation in male reproductive tissues is poorly understood, both regarding how it varies spatially across different tissues and its ability to affect male sperm and semen quality. To redress this gap, we explored the relationship between male sperm viability and male gut and reproductive tract microbiomes in the Pacific field cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus. We selected cohorts of males within our populations with the highest and lowest natural sperm viability and characterized the bacterial microbiota present in the gut, testes, seminal vesicle, accessory glands and the spermatophore (ejaculate) using 16S ribosomal RNA gene metabarcoding. We identified bacterial taxa corresponding to sperm viability, highlighting for the first time an association between the host's microbial communities and male competitive fertilization success. We also found significant spatial variation in bacterial community structure of reproductive tissue types. Our data demonstrate the importance of considering the microbial diversity of both the host gut and reproductive tract when investigating male fertility in wildlife and potentially human clinical settings.

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引用次数: 0