The emergence of the Industry 4.0 has been driven by technological advances that brought the need for evolution in the educational sector. Education 4.0 proposes a restructuring of teaching methods to include the socio-emotional skills highly demanded within the current job market. Engineers traditionally have a technical-scientific-based training; they focus on the development of core competencies such as mathematics, physics, chemistry and logic, while the socio-emotional competencies are taken for granted. Among these skills, teamwork stands out, as it includes leadership, networking and multiculturalism, essential for the work performance of the 21st century engineer. The purpose of this research is to propose a training to expand and develop the teamwork soft skills. The research was developed through a systematic bibliographic review (SBR), resulting in 33 base articles. The application method used the studies of Chiavenato and Kirckpatrick as a reference. The study data were collected through a questionnaire that compared the level of this competence before and after the application of the training. The data collected were treated with Bardin's Content Analysis. The results suggest there has been an improvement in skills, and additional fourteen competencies were identified. The improvement in the development of these skills meets the desire of the engineers' job market, which needs professionals trained in soft skills to deal with the demands inherent to teamwork.
{"title":"Training to develop soft skills for engineering students","authors":"Gruber Lauana, Barni de Campos Débora, Pereira Fernanda Hänsch Beuren Delcio, Borges Fagundes Alexandre","doi":"10.5897/sre2022.6753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/sre2022.6753","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of the Industry 4.0 has been driven by technological advances that brought the need for evolution in the educational sector. Education 4.0 proposes a restructuring of teaching methods to include the socio-emotional skills highly demanded within the current job market. Engineers traditionally have a technical-scientific-based training; they focus on the development of core competencies such as mathematics, physics, chemistry and logic, while the socio-emotional competencies are taken for granted. Among these skills, teamwork stands out, as it includes leadership, networking and multiculturalism, essential for the work performance of the 21st century engineer. The purpose of this research is to propose a training to expand and develop the teamwork soft skills. The research was developed through a systematic bibliographic review (SBR), resulting in 33 base articles. The application method used the studies of Chiavenato and Kirckpatrick as a reference. The study data were collected through a questionnaire that compared the level of this competence before and after the application of the training. The data collected were treated with Bardin's Content Analysis. The results suggest there has been an improvement in skills, and additional fourteen competencies were identified. The improvement in the development of these skills meets the desire of the engineers' job market, which needs professionals trained in soft skills to deal with the demands inherent to teamwork.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43582762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The solar sources of 884 geomagnetic storms have been studied for the solar cycles 23 and 24 (1996-2019), regardless of their size ranges; using the Kp index and the NOAA G criteria (minor to extreme storms). It claims from our investigation that fast solar wind streams (HSSWs) is the main factor of small (G1) and medium (G2) storms and occur mostly on the descending phase of the solar cycle. Fast solar wind has contributed to about 59% of G1 storms; 50% of G2; 29% G3; and 10% G4 storm. Large storms (G3 to G5) are the effects of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and they are observed mainly during the maximum and the descending phases of the solar cycle. About 10% of G1 storms, 26% of G2 storms, 59% of G3 (strong) storms, 87% of G4 (severe) storms, and 100% of G5 (extreme) storms were the effect of CMEs. Magnetic clouds contributed 11% of G1 storms, 15% of G2 storms, 9% of G3 storms, and 3% of G4 storms. A comparative statistical occurrence shows that the number of storms decreased during solar cycle 24 when compared with the solar cycle 23. These results showed that the magnetospheric energy transfer decreased in solar cycle 24 and that the magnetosphere was under the influence of intense solar magnetic fields in solar cycle 23. The phenomenon observed in these investigations highlight a drop in solar plasma geoeffectiveness since the long minimum that followed the solar cycle 23.
{"title":"Factors of geomagnetic storms during the solar cycles 23 and 24: A comparative statistical study","authors":"Y. Sawadogo, Somaïla Koala, J. Zerbo","doi":"10.5897/sre2022.6751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/sre2022.6751","url":null,"abstract":"The solar sources of 884 geomagnetic storms have been studied for the solar cycles 23 and 24 (1996-2019), regardless of their size ranges; using the Kp index and the NOAA G criteria (minor to extreme storms). It claims from our investigation that fast solar wind streams (HSSWs) is the main factor of small (G1) and medium (G2) storms and occur mostly on the descending phase of the solar cycle. Fast solar wind has contributed to about 59% of G1 storms; 50% of G2; 29% G3; and 10% G4 storm. Large storms (G3 to G5) are the effects of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and they are observed mainly during the maximum and the descending phases of the solar cycle. About 10% of G1 storms, 26% of G2 storms, 59% of G3 (strong) storms, 87% of G4 (severe) storms, and 100% of G5 (extreme) storms were the effect of CMEs. Magnetic clouds contributed 11% of G1 storms, 15% of G2 storms, 9% of G3 storms, and 3% of G4 storms. A comparative statistical occurrence shows that the number of storms decreased during solar cycle 24 when compared with the solar cycle 23. These results showed that the magnetospheric energy transfer decreased in solar cycle 24 and that the magnetosphere was under the influence of intense solar magnetic fields in solar cycle 23. The phenomenon observed in these investigations highlight a drop in solar plasma geoeffectiveness since the long minimum that followed the solar cycle 23.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42214337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ully Depolo Barcelos, Barcelos Passos Lima Gontijo Andreia, Alves Araujo Adriano, Ralph Falqueto Antelmo, Soares Pascoalini Sávia, Meire de Santana Lopes Dielle, Romais Schmildt Edilson, Leite Samira, Maria Pereira Tognella Mônica
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{"title":"The role of iron on the growth and development of the seedlings of Rhizophora mangle L.","authors":"Ully Depolo Barcelos, Barcelos Passos Lima Gontijo Andreia, Alves Araujo Adriano, Ralph Falqueto Antelmo, Soares Pascoalini Sávia, Meire de Santana Lopes Dielle, Romais Schmildt Edilson, Leite Samira, Maria Pereira Tognella Mônica","doi":"10.5897/sre2022.6748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/sre2022.6748","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42828377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M’Ella Darina Livia Medza, ép Mezui-Mbeng Marie Andrée N’Negue, Engonga Prosper Edou, L. Mengome, Obiang Nestor Engone, Sophie Aboughe-Angone
The report focused on phytochemical tests and evaluation of the antiradical activity of seed extracts of Staudtia kamerunensis var. gabonensis . The successive extraction of seed powders from S. kamerunensis var. gabonensis was carried out by maceration at room temperature with solvents of increasing polarities: Cyclohexane, trichlorethylene, acetone, ethanol and distilled water. The antiradical activity was measured by trapping the radical cation of 2,2'-azinobis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] (ABTS•+) with gallic acid as reference antioxidant. The total extraction yields were the order of 44.6%. Phytochemical tests demonstrated the presence of secondary metabolites of alkaloids, tannins, polyphenols types, reducing compounds, free anthracene derivatives, anthraquinones, total sugars, coumarins, free quinones, sterols and triterpenes, carotenoids, flavonoids, mucilages and traces of cardiac glycosides and saponins. The results of the anti-free radical activity showed that the polar extracts were much anti-free of the free radicals than the non-polar extracts. The ethanolic extract was the most active with an IC 50 of 20 µgmL -1 , followed by the aqueous and acetone extracts with IC 50 of 25 µgmL -1 . The cyclohexane and trichlorethylene extracts have lower antiradical activities with IC 50 of 400 µgmL -1 . Gallic acid, the reference antioxidant, showed an IC 50 of 0.37 µgmL -1 .
{"title":"Phytochemical study of the extracts of oilseeds of Staudtia kamerunensis var. gabonensis (Warb.) from Gabon and evaluation of their antiradical activity","authors":"M’Ella Darina Livia Medza, ép Mezui-Mbeng Marie Andrée N’Negue, Engonga Prosper Edou, L. Mengome, Obiang Nestor Engone, Sophie Aboughe-Angone","doi":"10.5897/sre2021.6739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/sre2021.6739","url":null,"abstract":"The report focused on phytochemical tests and evaluation of the antiradical activity of seed extracts of Staudtia kamerunensis var. gabonensis . The successive extraction of seed powders from S. kamerunensis var. gabonensis was carried out by maceration at room temperature with solvents of increasing polarities: Cyclohexane, trichlorethylene, acetone, ethanol and distilled water. The antiradical activity was measured by trapping the radical cation of 2,2'-azinobis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] (ABTS•+) with gallic acid as reference antioxidant. The total extraction yields were the order of 44.6%. Phytochemical tests demonstrated the presence of secondary metabolites of alkaloids, tannins, polyphenols types, reducing compounds, free anthracene derivatives, anthraquinones, total sugars, coumarins, free quinones, sterols and triterpenes, carotenoids, flavonoids, mucilages and traces of cardiac glycosides and saponins. The results of the anti-free radical activity showed that the polar extracts were much anti-free of the free radicals than the non-polar extracts. The ethanolic extract was the most active with an IC 50 of 20 µgmL -1 , followed by the aqueous and acetone extracts with IC 50 of 25 µgmL -1 . The cyclohexane and trichlorethylene extracts have lower antiradical activities with IC 50 of 400 µgmL -1 . Gallic acid, the reference antioxidant, showed an IC 50 of 0.37 µgmL -1 .","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47207965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Green economy is a sustainable concept that has set the pace for industrial innovations across the globe. This is reflected in manufacturing, processing, and production industrial processes. There is a paradigm shift in the definition and understanding of green economy (GE) linkages to industrial symbiosis (IS), industrial ecology (IE) and clean development mechanism (CDM). We hypothesize in this study by responding to the question, "How is green economy defined in the model of eco-friendly industrial processes and their links to circularity? “We use systematic review design with the reporting system reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) and the Publish or Perish review tool for qualitative analytical synthesis. A total of (N = 1264) review articles were screened, and from the total, only (n = 56) articles were qualitatively synthesized. Based on previous research, we believe there are significant linkages and paradigms along the industrial symbiosis and circularity aspects. We conclude by recommending that research should explicitly inculcate incompatibilities of the green economy nexus on industrialization, the development of industrial policies that foster circularity and the combination of multiple solutions that inculcate sustainable innovations in industrial circularity.
{"title":"Defining green economy aspects for eco-friendly industrial approaches; their linkages across the sustainable innovation paradigm","authors":"Ngare Innocent, Otieno Dorcas, Omwami Duncan, Ogutu Emma, Opiyo Lamech, Gikonyo Salome, O. Edwin","doi":"10.5897/sre2022.6745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/sre2022.6745","url":null,"abstract":"Green economy is a sustainable concept that has set the pace for industrial innovations across the globe. This is reflected in manufacturing, processing, and production industrial processes. There is a paradigm shift in the definition and understanding of green economy (GE) linkages to industrial symbiosis (IS), industrial ecology (IE) and clean development mechanism (CDM). We hypothesize in this study by responding to the question, \"How is green economy defined in the model of eco-friendly industrial processes and their links to circularity? “We use systematic review design with the reporting system reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) and the Publish or Perish review tool for qualitative analytical synthesis. A total of (N = 1264) review articles were screened, and from the total, only (n = 56) articles were qualitatively synthesized. Based on previous research, we believe there are significant linkages and paradigms along the industrial symbiosis and circularity aspects. We conclude by recommending that research should explicitly inculcate incompatibilities of the green economy nexus on industrialization, the development of industrial policies that foster circularity and the combination of multiple solutions that inculcate sustainable innovations in industrial circularity.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43276536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inza Gnanou, Christian Zoundi, W. E. Sawadogo, F. Ouattara
Earth's magnetosphere is a magnetic shield that protects the Earth from the energetic emissions of the high-speed Solar Wind (HSSW). We perform a statistical analysis of the response of Earth's magnetosphere inner part under the impact of HSSW over 40 years of data encompassing solar cycles 20-23. With misidentified events or events interacting with interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) removed, only 23552 events were identified. The results we obtained show that more than 85% of the events recorded from 1964 to 2009 are generated by coronal holes (CHs). Almost all observations were confined between 250-800 km/s and show a unimodal distribution per solar cycle: (1) 93% of the solar wind (SW) velocities are on the order of 567.77 ± 2.46 km/s for solar cycle 20, (2) 81% of the SW velocities are worth 524.30 ± 2.69 km/s for cycle 21, (3) 92% of the SW velocities progress to 565.15 ± 2.72 km/s for cycle 22, and (4) 75% of the SW velocities show a value on the order of 530.38 ± 2.22 km/s for cycle 23. Furthermore, our analysis shows a lower electron density at the beginning of the cycle (48%) than at the end of the solar cycle (52%). Thus HSSWs are more frequent at the end of solar cycles, while the magnetospheric electric field (EM) instead shows dominant features during the upward phase of odd cycles and the downward phase of even cycles. Therefore, the stability of the inner magnetosphere is more significant during the decline of solar cycles.
地球的磁层是一个磁屏障，保护地球免受高速太阳风(HSSW)的高能辐射。我们统计分析了近40年来太阳周期20-23的数据对地球磁层内部在高强度太阳副波影响下的响应。除去错误识别的事件或与行星际日冕物质抛射(ICMEs)相互作用的事件，只识别了23552个事件。我们得到的结果表明，1964年至2009年记录的事件中有85%以上是由日冕洞(CHs)产生的。几乎所有的观察都是限制在250 - 800公里/秒,显示每个太阳活动周期的单峰分布:(1)93%的太阳风(SW)速度是567.77±2.46 km / s的太阳周期20,(2)81%的SW速度是值得为524.30±2.69公里/秒周期21日西南(3)92%的速度进展为565.15±2.72公里/秒周期22,和(4)75%的SW速度显示值的530.38±2.22公里/秒为周期23。此外，我们的分析表明，太阳活动周期开始时的电子密度(48%)低于太阳活动周期结束时的电子密度(52%)。因此，在太阳活动周期结束时，高强度太阳风暴更为频繁，而磁层电场(EM)则在奇周期的上升阶段和偶周期的下降阶段表现出主导特征。因此，在太阳活动周期下降期间，内磁层的稳定性更为显著。
{"title":"Geoeffectiveness of the inner magnetosphere under the impact of fast solar wind currents: Case of solar cycles 20 to 23","authors":"Inza Gnanou, Christian Zoundi, W. E. Sawadogo, F. Ouattara","doi":"10.5897/sre2022.6740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/sre2022.6740","url":null,"abstract":"Earth's magnetosphere is a magnetic shield that protects the Earth from the energetic emissions of the high-speed Solar Wind (HSSW). We perform a statistical analysis of the response of Earth's magnetosphere inner part under the impact of HSSW over 40 years of data encompassing solar cycles 20-23. With misidentified events or events interacting with interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) removed, only 23552 events were identified. The results we obtained show that more than 85% of the events recorded from 1964 to 2009 are generated by coronal holes (CHs). Almost all observations were confined between 250-800 km/s and show a unimodal distribution per solar cycle: (1) 93% of the solar wind (SW) velocities are on the order of 567.77 ± 2.46 km/s for solar cycle 20, (2) 81% of the SW velocities are worth 524.30 ± 2.69 km/s for cycle 21, (3) 92% of the SW velocities progress to 565.15 ± 2.72 km/s for cycle 22, and (4) 75% of the SW velocities show a value on the order of 530.38 ± 2.22 km/s for cycle 23. Furthermore, our analysis shows a lower electron density at the beginning of the cycle (48%) than at the end of the solar cycle (52%). Thus HSSWs are more frequent at the end of solar cycles, while the magnetospheric electric field (EM) instead shows dominant features during the upward phase of odd cycles and the downward phase of even cycles. Therefore, the stability of the inner magnetosphere is more significant during the decline of solar cycles.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48797976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Uhunmwangho S. Esosa, Olafusi Celestina, Akinyemi Ifeoluwatomi
Prostate cancer is the leading cause of mortality in men worldwide, and dietary fat influence its incidence. This study investigated the effect of feeding Tetracarpidium conophorum seed oil (TCSO) on 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) induced prostate cancer in Wistar rats, the expression of cyclooxygenase2 (COX-2) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-ɣ) in the prostatic tissues. The TCSO was extracted with n-hexane in a Soxhlet apparatus and characterized by gas chromatography. Forty-eight male wistar rats (4 weeks old) were divided into three groups of 16 rats each and fed for 12 weeks. Group A and B animals were fed with diet containing TCSO extract. The animals in Groups A and C received intraperitoneally a dose of MCA (150 mg/kg) after 30 days of feeding. Groups A and B rats were fed with diet containing 10% of extracted TCSO throughout the period of the experiment. Results showed that COX-2 activity significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in Group A (0.71±0.07) and B (0.60±0.05) when compared with Group C (1.17±0.10) with increased COX-2 expression. PPAR-gamma activity was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in Group A (1.89±0.13) and B (2.30±0.15) in comparison with Group C (1.16±0.10) which has the lowest PPAR-gamma expression. TCSO extract delayed latency period in Group A where lumps were observed after 4 weeks of 3-methylcholanthrene induction in comparison with Group C where lumps were observed in less than 2 weeks of MCA induction. Gammalinoleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and myristoleic acid were higher in the liver cell membrane of animals in Group A compared to animals in Group C. This work therefore showed that TCSO contains bioactive components that may oppose prostate carcinogenesis induced by MCA.
{"title":"Anti-cancer potential of Tetracarpidium conophorum (African walnut) seed oil on prostate carcinogenesis","authors":"Uhunmwangho S. Esosa, Olafusi Celestina, Akinyemi Ifeoluwatomi","doi":"10.5897/sre2021.6731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/sre2021.6731","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate cancer is the leading cause of mortality in men worldwide, and dietary fat influence its incidence. This study investigated the effect of feeding Tetracarpidium conophorum seed oil (TCSO) on 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) induced prostate cancer in Wistar rats, the expression of cyclooxygenase2 (COX-2) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-ɣ) in the prostatic tissues. The TCSO was extracted with n-hexane in a Soxhlet apparatus and characterized by gas chromatography. Forty-eight male wistar rats (4 weeks old) were divided into three groups of 16 rats each and fed for 12 weeks. Group A and B animals were fed with diet containing TCSO extract. The animals in Groups A and C received intraperitoneally a dose of MCA (150 mg/kg) after 30 days of feeding. Groups A and B rats were fed with diet containing 10% of extracted TCSO throughout the period of the experiment. Results showed that COX-2 activity significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in Group A (0.71±0.07) and B (0.60±0.05) when compared with Group C (1.17±0.10) with increased COX-2 expression. PPAR-gamma activity was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in Group A (1.89±0.13) and B (2.30±0.15) in comparison with Group C (1.16±0.10) which has the lowest PPAR-gamma expression. TCSO extract delayed latency period in Group A where lumps were observed after 4 weeks of 3-methylcholanthrene induction in comparison with Group C where lumps were observed in less than 2 weeks of MCA induction. Gammalinoleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and myristoleic acid were higher in the liver cell membrane of animals in Group A compared to animals in Group C. This work therefore showed that TCSO contains bioactive components that may oppose prostate carcinogenesis induced by MCA.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41729243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christian Zoundi, Stéphane Dama, Nonlo Drabo Kadidia, F. Ouattara
The present paper reviews CODG TEC response to the moderate storm of July 26, 2003 and that of July 29 at Niamey station in West African equatorial station (Geo Lat 13° 28'45.3 "N; Geo long: 02° 10'59.5" E) in Niger. These two moderate geomagnetic storms are of solar wind origin. The study showed an increase in CODG TEC values during the initial phase of the storm and a decrease in CODG TEC values during the main and recovery phases of the storm. In general, in the equatorial region, positive and negative storms occurred (increase and decrease in TEC values). Here we highlight the prereversal enhancement (PRE), a particularity of the equatorial ionosphere. Our investigations show M, B and R profiles in addition to the well-known dome profile in the variation of the CODG TEC in Niamey. This work suggests a variation of the equatorial electrojet intensity during the storm recovery phase, the appearance of the counter-electrojet as well as a disturbance of the ExB drift. This study is local, in the equatorial region in the West African sector. Data are needed to corroborate some hypotheses such as changes in profiles associated with the presence or absence of electrojet and counter-electrojet currents. We advocate for a new IHY for Africa and for data exchange between researchers.
本文回顾了CODG TEC对2003年7月26日和7月29日西非赤道站尼亚美站(Geo Lat 13°28′45.3”N;地理长度:尼日尔东经02°10′59.5”。这两个温和的地磁风暴是太阳风的起源。研究表明，在风暴初始阶段，CODG TEC值增加，而在风暴主要阶段和恢复阶段，CODG TEC值减少。总的来说，赤道地区出现了正风暴和负风暴(TEC值增加和减少)。在这里，我们强调了前反转增强(PRE)，这是赤道电离层的一个特点。我们的调查显示，除了众所周知的圆顶剖面外，尼亚美CODG TEC的变化还存在M、B和R剖面。这项工作表明，在风暴恢复阶段赤道电喷强度的变化，反电喷的出现以及ExB漂移的干扰。这项研究是局部的，在西非的赤道地区。需要数据来证实一些假设，例如与电射流和反电射流存在或不存在有关的剖面变化。我们提倡为非洲建立一个新的IHY，并促进研究人员之间的数据交换。
{"title":"Total electron content response to two moderate geomagnetic storms in July 2003 at Niamey Station in Niger","authors":"Christian Zoundi, Stéphane Dama, Nonlo Drabo Kadidia, F. Ouattara","doi":"10.5897/sre2021.6730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/sre2021.6730","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper reviews CODG TEC response to the moderate storm of July 26, 2003 and that of July 29 at Niamey station in West African equatorial station (Geo Lat 13° 28'45.3 \"N; Geo long: 02° 10'59.5\" E) in Niger. These two moderate geomagnetic storms are of solar wind origin. The study showed an increase in CODG TEC values during the initial phase of the storm and a decrease in CODG TEC values during the main and recovery phases of the storm. In general, in the equatorial region, positive and negative storms occurred (increase and decrease in TEC values). Here we highlight the prereversal enhancement (PRE), a particularity of the equatorial ionosphere. Our investigations show M, B and R profiles in addition to the well-known dome profile in the variation of the CODG TEC in Niamey. This work suggests a variation of the equatorial electrojet intensity during the storm recovery phase, the appearance of the counter-electrojet as well as a disturbance of the ExB drift. This study is local, in the equatorial region in the West African sector. Data are needed to corroborate some hypotheses such as changes in profiles associated with the presence or absence of electrojet and counter-electrojet currents. We advocate for a new IHY for Africa and for data exchange between researchers.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46732467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benjamin Ikechukwu Ugwu Ernest, Desmond Okechukwu Ugbor, J. U. Agbo
The mutual dependence of solar flare and geomagnetic H and Z components during the period of least (2009) and maximum (2002) solar activity using archived and observed data were examined. Solar flares were identified by sudden ionosphric monitor (SIDMON) constructed by staff of Centre for Basic Space Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria. However, SIDMON results were still confirmed by satellite data since it was still at the rudimentary stage. Results show that during solar minimum and solar maximum solar flare affects the geomagnetic H component but appears to have little or no effect on the Z component across all the latitudes. The effect is pronounced at the equatorial latitude more than at the high latitudes. Results from SIDMON is though not very reliable but encouraging, thus the instrument needs a lot of improvement.
{"title":"On the effects of solar flare on geomagnetic components across all latitudes during solar minimum and maximum","authors":"Benjamin Ikechukwu Ugwu Ernest, Desmond Okechukwu Ugbor, J. U. Agbo","doi":"10.5897/sre2021.6727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/sre2021.6727","url":null,"abstract":"The mutual dependence of solar flare and geomagnetic H and Z components during the period of least (2009) and maximum (2002) solar activity using archived and observed data were examined. Solar flares were identified by sudden ionosphric monitor (SIDMON) constructed by staff of Centre for Basic Space Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria. However, SIDMON results were still confirmed by satellite data since it was still at the rudimentary stage. Results show that during solar minimum and solar maximum solar flare affects the geomagnetic H component but appears to have little or no effect on the Z component across all the latitudes. The effect is pronounced at the equatorial latitude more than at the high latitudes. Results from SIDMON is though not very reliable but encouraging, thus the instrument needs a lot of improvement.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48989837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, spalling is naturally initiated on the bearing raceway during its operation on the test bench. The experimental procedure used consists of monitoring the deterioration of the ball bearing until its failure with an online acquisition of vibration signals. Vibration analysis is the method used to characterize the damage. In order to obtain a significant trend curve, spalling surface has been measured several times during the lifetime of the tested bearing. These measurements allowed plotting the fatigue curve which has been found to follow a power law. The root mean square (RMS) indicator has been used to follow the bearing’s degradation using vibration time signals. The RMS trend curve has been established, and its reliability in following the spall growth has been discussed. Finally, the RMS falling problem has been addressed and well discussed using experimental investigation. Key words: Predictive maintenance, fatigue spalling, root mean square falling, vibration monitoring, rolling contact fatigue.
{"title":"Reliability of vibratory indications during the follow-up of bearing spalling","authors":"O. Djebili, Oussama Berbri","doi":"10.5897/sre2021.6722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/sre2021.6722","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, spalling is naturally initiated on the bearing raceway during its operation on the test bench. The experimental procedure used consists of monitoring the deterioration of the ball bearing until its failure with an online acquisition of vibration signals. Vibration analysis is the method used to characterize the damage. In order to obtain a significant trend curve, spalling surface has been measured several times during the lifetime of the tested bearing. These measurements allowed plotting the fatigue curve which has been found to follow a power law. The root mean square (RMS) indicator has been used to follow the bearing’s degradation using vibration time signals. The RMS trend curve has been established, and its reliability in following the spall growth has been discussed. Finally, the RMS falling problem has been addressed and well discussed using experimental investigation. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Predictive maintenance, fatigue spalling, root mean square falling, vibration monitoring, rolling contact fatigue.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48206419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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