A. Takahashi, Livia Akemi Ramos Takahashi, Lucas Pereira Abrão Eid, S. Boratto, C. Corsi, J. Waisberg, and Luiz Vinicius de Alcântara Sousa
Esophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of death from malignancies in the world. Given its importance, it is a disease that needs further studies to deepen its understanding and epidemiological behavior. The aim of this work is to evaluate the epidemiological profile of EC in the ABC, Southeast and the national territory of Brazil between 2008 and 2017. This is an ecological study that evaluated the temporal trend of esophageal cancer in the elderly population, between 50 and 79 years of age, between 2008 and 2017 in the ABC region compared to the Southeast region and Brazil as a whole. The number of male hospitalizations has shown an increasing pattern over the years studied in the Southeast and Brazil. The mean number of days of hospitalization tended to decrease for both genders, whereas in the male gender this reduction was expressed in all of the analyzed regions, and in the female gender only in the Southeast and in national scale in Brazil, in a statistically significant way. The average cost of hospitalizations increased in the Southeast and Brazil for males. These findings are important public health markers, which should be considered for the establishment of preventive and health promotion measures for the public network. Key words: Esophagus, cancer, epidemiology
{"title":"Epidemiological pattern of malignant neoplasia of the esophagus in the region of ABC- So Paulo, Brazil between the years of 2008 and 2017","authors":"A. Takahashi, Livia Akemi Ramos Takahashi, Lucas Pereira Abrão Eid, S. Boratto, C. Corsi, J. Waisberg, and Luiz Vinicius de Alcântara Sousa","doi":"10.5897/sre2020.6669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/sre2020.6669","url":null,"abstract":"Esophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of death from malignancies in the world. Given its importance, it is a disease that needs further studies to deepen its understanding and epidemiological behavior. The aim of this work is to evaluate the epidemiological profile of EC in the ABC, Southeast and the national territory of Brazil between 2008 and 2017. This is an ecological study that evaluated the temporal trend of esophageal cancer in the elderly population, between 50 and 79 years of age, between 2008 and 2017 in the ABC region compared to the Southeast region and Brazil as a whole. The number of male hospitalizations has shown an increasing pattern over the years studied in the Southeast and Brazil. The mean number of days of hospitalization tended to decrease for both genders, whereas in the male gender this reduction was expressed in all of the analyzed regions, and in the female gender only in the Southeast and in national scale in Brazil, in a statistically significant way. The average cost of hospitalizations increased in the Southeast and Brazil for males. These findings are important public health markers, which should be considered for the establishment of preventive and health promotion measures for the public network. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Esophagus, cancer, epidemiology","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":"15 1","pages":"45-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/sre2020.6669","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46816921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study investigated Energy Efficiency (EE) measures and practices from the perspectives of Ghana's manufacturing sector. A mixed methods approach that applied both qualitative and quantitative methodologies guided the study. The quantitative approach was relevant to establish statistical inferences and the qualitative methods used to provide further in-depth understanding to statistic(s) provided by the quantitative analysis. A total of 774 respondents (636- food processing Industry, 138- Cement Industry) provided the population for the study. A sample size of 260 informed the study. Various sampling frames including purposive, cluster and simple random were adopted to select respondents. The study concluded that knowledge on EE awareness and practices occurring at the departmental levels was mixed but clear on servicing and cleaning of air-conditioning since the manufacturing industries placed premium on regularity of servicing ACs in their places of work. Also, the findings identified that failure to clean the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems, failure to close doors and windows while ACs were on and avoidance of the use of efficient refrigerants and new ACs as key factors that negatively impacted EE for the manufacturing industries. The contribution of single speed ACs to energy efficiency was minimal compared to the other energy wasting activities associated with the use of air-conditioning. Key words: Air-conditioning, energy, management, efficiency, wastage
{"title":"Knowledge and understanding of energy efficiency in air-conditioning: Exploring perceptions from the manufacturing sector in Ghana","authors":"Jones Lewis Arthur, Josephine Fianu","doi":"10.5897/SRE2020.6671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE2020.6671","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated Energy Efficiency (EE) measures and practices from the perspectives of Ghana's manufacturing sector. A mixed methods approach that applied both qualitative and quantitative methodologies guided the study. The quantitative approach was relevant to establish statistical inferences and the qualitative methods used to provide further in-depth understanding to statistic(s) provided by the quantitative analysis. A total of 774 respondents (636- food processing Industry, 138- Cement Industry) provided the population for the study. A sample size of 260 informed the study. Various sampling frames including purposive, cluster and simple random were adopted to select respondents. The study concluded that knowledge on EE awareness and practices occurring at the departmental levels was mixed but clear on servicing and cleaning of air-conditioning since the manufacturing industries placed premium on regularity of servicing ACs in their places of work. Also, the findings identified that failure to clean the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems, failure to close doors and windows while ACs were on and avoidance of the use of efficient refrigerants and new ACs as key factors that negatively impacted EE for the manufacturing industries. The contribution of single speed ACs to energy efficiency was minimal compared to the other energy wasting activities associated with the use of air-conditioning. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Air-conditioning, energy, management, efficiency, wastage","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/SRE2020.6671","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41324781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Potential petroleum degrading bacteria, Pseudomonas aerogenosa and Micrococcus sp. was isolated from petroleum contaminated soil in petroleum microbiology laboratory, Department of Microbiology University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Hydrocarbon utilization in liquid media was assessed through time – course optical density measurement. Concentrations of the heavy metals ranging from 50 to 200 mg/L were introduced into 100 ml of mineral salt medium containing 10 ml of kerosene inoculated with P. aeruginosa or Micrococcus sp. and incubated at room temperature (25-30°C) for 384 h. Control samples contained kerosene but no heavy metals. At low concentrations the heavy metals significantly (p Cadmium > Mercury. Key words: Heavy metals, kerosene, bioremediation, bacteria.
{"title":"Impact of some heavy metals on bacterial utilization of kerosene in liquid medium","authors":"Okobo Uchenna Jude, C. Eze, A. U. Kalu","doi":"10.5897/SRE2019.6660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE2019.6660","url":null,"abstract":"Potential petroleum degrading bacteria, Pseudomonas aerogenosa and Micrococcus sp. was isolated from petroleum contaminated soil in petroleum microbiology laboratory, Department of Microbiology University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Hydrocarbon utilization in liquid media was assessed through time – course optical density measurement. Concentrations of the heavy metals ranging from 50 to 200 mg/L were introduced into 100 ml of mineral salt medium containing 10 ml of kerosene inoculated with P. aeruginosa or Micrococcus sp. and incubated at room temperature (25-30°C) for 384 h. Control samples contained kerosene but no heavy metals. At low concentrations the heavy metals significantly (p Cadmium > Mercury. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Heavy metals, kerosene, bioremediation, bacteria.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/SRE2019.6660","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43314834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become an increasing concern to global health organizations, and may pose major challenges to health care systems in the low-income countries due to the absence of equipment, lack of funding, and insufficient training of healthcare workers. Thus, mitigation measures that involve social distances and personal hygiene may be prioritized. The main objective of this review was to propose guidelines steps that will mitigate the spread of novel emerging COVID-19 in low-income countries. The community mitigation may delay the influenza peak to decrease stress on the health-care system thereby decreasing morbidity and mortality. Social distancing and hygienic practices are among the main community mitigation measures recommended during influenza pandemics. People must separate themselves from others and should regularly wash their hands, avoid touching their face, cover mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and clean frequently touched surfaces. Therefore, in the lack of funding in low-income countries, the public health measures can rely on preventive actions such as social distancing and hygienic practices to mitigate the spread of novel emerging COVID-19. In addition, surveillance, accurate screening, and vaccination remain, whenever possible, effective mechanisms of viral control. Key words: COVID-19, low-income countries, mitigating, personal hygiene, social distancing, corona virus.
{"title":"Mitigating the spread of COVID-19 in low-income countries","authors":"O. Ahmed","doi":"10.5897/sre2020.6677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/sre2020.6677","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become an increasing concern to global health organizations, and may pose major challenges to health care systems in the low-income countries due to the absence of equipment, lack of funding, and insufficient training of healthcare workers. Thus, mitigation measures that involve social distances and personal hygiene may be prioritized. The main objective of this review was to propose guidelines steps that will mitigate the spread of novel emerging COVID-19 in low-income countries. The community mitigation may delay the influenza peak to decrease stress on the health-care system thereby decreasing morbidity and mortality. Social distancing and hygienic practices are among the main community mitigation measures recommended during influenza pandemics. People must separate themselves from others and should regularly wash their hands, avoid touching their face, cover mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and clean frequently touched surfaces. Therefore, in the lack of funding in low-income countries, the public health measures can rely on preventive actions such as social distancing and hygienic practices to mitigate the spread of novel emerging COVID-19. In addition, surveillance, accurate screening, and vaccination remain, whenever possible, effective mechanisms of viral control. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: COVID-19, low-income countries, mitigating, personal hygiene, social distancing, corona virus.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":"15 1","pages":"41-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/sre2020.6677","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45998955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. C. Nwuzo, A. A. Emioye, Moses Ib, A. M. Adiat, E. N. Ugbo, J. N. Agbom, T. Ariom, O. D. Okata-Nwali, I. O. Ugadu, E. Ayomoh
This study aims to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV infections among pregnant women visiting Healthcare Institutions within Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 100 pregnant women who visited Rural Improvement Missionary Hospital (RIMH) and General Hospital (GHE) within Ebonyi State. The presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serum was determined using Antec strips (Antec Diagnostics UK) while commercially available Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) based rapid diagnostic test kit (Biotech diagnostic, USA) was used to assay for HIV. Sixteen 16 (11.8%) of the pregnant women examined were sero-positive for HBV, 15(10%) were positive for HIV and 4% were positive for co-infection of HBV and HIV. Occupation was significantly associated with the prevalence of the hepatitis B co-infection in the population examined as 8.8% of housewives and 5.5% of business women had co-infection at p<0.05. The prevalence rate of 11.8% for HBV; 10% for HIV; and 4% for HBV and HIV co-infection reported in this study confirms the endemicity of HBV and HIV within the study area. This could cause serious public health problem if not properly tackled. Thus, it is very pertinent to carry out HBV and HIV screening as a routine in ante-natal care. Key words: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), HIV, pregnant women, co-infection.
{"title":"Prevalence of hepatitis B virus and HIV infections among pregnant women visiting healthcare institutions in Ebonyi State, Nigeria.","authors":"A. C. Nwuzo, A. A. Emioye, Moses Ib, A. M. Adiat, E. N. Ugbo, J. N. Agbom, T. Ariom, O. D. Okata-Nwali, I. O. Ugadu, E. Ayomoh","doi":"10.5897/SRE2019.6646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE2019.6646","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV infections among pregnant women visiting Healthcare Institutions within Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 100 pregnant women who visited Rural Improvement Missionary Hospital (RIMH) and General Hospital (GHE) within Ebonyi State. The presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serum was determined using Antec strips (Antec Diagnostics UK) while commercially available Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) based rapid diagnostic test kit (Biotech diagnostic, USA) was used to assay for HIV. Sixteen 16 (11.8%) of the pregnant women examined were sero-positive for HBV, 15(10%) were positive for HIV and 4% were positive for co-infection of HBV and HIV. Occupation was significantly associated with the prevalence of the hepatitis B co-infection in the population examined as 8.8% of housewives and 5.5% of business women had co-infection at p<0.05. The prevalence rate of 11.8% for HBV; 10% for HIV; and 4% for HBV and HIV co-infection reported in this study confirms the endemicity of HBV and HIV within the study area. This could cause serious public health problem if not properly tackled. Thus, it is very pertinent to carry out HBV and HIV screening as a routine in ante-natal care. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), HIV, pregnant women, co-infection.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":"15 1","pages":"18-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/SRE2019.6646","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46601280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surfactants are petroleum-derived compounds widely used globally in industrial areas such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, textile, among others. The synthesis and use of these compounds has generated environmental pollution, putting public health at risk. For several years, the synthesis of surfactants has been reported by various microorganisms called biosurfactants. Biosurfactants have been shown to reduce surface tension using emulsifying agents, in addition to presenting biodegradability and low toxicity. The objective of this mini review document is to deal with aspects related to the classification, producing microorganisms, physicochemical and biological properties of biosurfactants that have placed them as a potential biotechnological alternative regarding chemical counterparts in various industrial areas, including food production. Key words: Amphiphilic, antimicrobials, biotechnology, biosurfactant, food safety, glycolipids.
Palm oil is commonly used to prepare laundry soap by treating it with alkaline solutions. However, using it for this purpose is becoming expensive as palm oil is imported from few major exerting countries. Moreover, it is used for biodiesel production. Therefore, looking for alternative raw material that substitutes palm oil for soap production is imperative. Used cooking oils (UCOs) are good candidates in this regard. In the present study, laundry soaps were prepared using UCOs and sodium hydroxide solution. The cleaning actions and physicochemical properties were evaluated and compared with that commercial soaps purchased from local market. The pH, moisture content, free caustic alkali, % chloride and total alkali content values of the prepared soap materials were found to be in range of 9.31 to 10.56, 6.67 to 14.47%, 0.19 to 0.22%, 0.12 to 0.21%, 0.78 to 1.09%, 75.42 to 88.53%, 70.35 to 84.68%, 0.98 to 1.52%, and 0.28 to 0.67%, respectively. The results obtained in this study were comparable with the physicochemical properties of the commercial soap products used in the study. Moreover, the observed data were comparable with similar data reported in literature and East African Standards (EAS) suggesting that UCOs can be used as raw materials to prepare good quality laundry soap by replacing imported palm oil. Key words: Laundry soap, used cooking oil, saponification, physicochemical properties, saponification.
{"title":"Preparation of Laundry Soap from Used Cooking Oils: Getting value out of waste","authors":"L. Adane","doi":"10.5897/SRE2019.6649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE2019.6649","url":null,"abstract":"Palm oil is commonly used to prepare laundry soap by treating it with alkaline solutions. However, using it for this purpose is becoming expensive as palm oil is imported from few major exerting countries. Moreover, it is used for biodiesel production. Therefore, looking for alternative raw material that substitutes palm oil for soap production is imperative. Used cooking oils (UCOs) are good candidates in this regard. In the present study, laundry soaps were prepared using UCOs and sodium hydroxide solution. The cleaning actions and physicochemical properties were evaluated and compared with that commercial soaps purchased from local market. The pH, moisture content, free caustic alkali, % chloride and total alkali content values of the prepared soap materials were found to be in range of 9.31 to 10.56, 6.67 to 14.47%, 0.19 to 0.22%, 0.12 to 0.21%, 0.78 to 1.09%, 75.42 to 88.53%, 70.35 to 84.68%, 0.98 to 1.52%, and 0.28 to 0.67%, respectively. The results obtained in this study were comparable with the physicochemical properties of the commercial soap products used in the study. Moreover, the observed data were comparable with similar data reported in literature and East African Standards (EAS) suggesting that UCOs can be used as raw materials to prepare good quality laundry soap by replacing imported palm oil. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Laundry soap, used cooking oil, saponification, physicochemical properties, saponification.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/SRE2019.6649","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48556156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Koroma, A. Jalloh, A. B. Gogra, Musa Aziz Yokie
Agriculture is dominated by smallholder farmers who occupy the majority of land, and produce most of the crop and livestock products in Sierra Leone. Nonetheless, the key long-standing challenge of the smallholder farmers is low productivity that stems from the lack of access to markets, credit and technology, and in recent years these are compounded by the volatile food and energy prices and very recently by the global financial crisis. Holistically, smallholder farmers in Sierra Leone can be categorized on the basis of: (i) The agro-ecological zones in which they operate; (ii) the type and composition of their farm portfolio and landholding; or (iii) on the basis of annual revenue they generate from farming activities. Developing successful smallholder farming in country-specific context for agricultural productivity and food security to understanding that household food insecurity largely depends on three interdependent components: Food availability as a function of production; food access/entitlements as a function of purchasing power or job availability; and food absorption/utilization as a function of environmental hygiene, family healthcare and drinking water security. Overcoming these challenges to ending food insecurity and poverty, the ultimate goal is to establish relevant indicators for agricultural productivity and food security planning at the local level, mainly emphasizing the basis for comprehensive food availability, access and absorption. Retrospectively, translating specific indicators to interpret who and how many smallholder household famers are better-off or very poor in the implementation process provide a platform for fruitful agenda with smallholder farmer inclusiveness. This conceptual framework provides the enabling environment to showcase the future of smallholder agricultural productivity and food security in Sierra Leone. Key words: Smallholder farming, agricultural productivity, food security, relevant indicators, Sierra Leone.
{"title":"Positioning smallholder farming in the agricultural productivity and food security in resource limited Sierra Leone","authors":"B. Koroma, A. Jalloh, A. B. Gogra, Musa Aziz Yokie","doi":"10.5897/SRE2018.6593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE2018.6593","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture is dominated by smallholder farmers who occupy the majority of land, and produce most of the crop and livestock products in Sierra Leone. Nonetheless, the key long-standing challenge of the smallholder farmers is low productivity that stems from the lack of access to markets, credit and technology, and in recent years these are compounded by the volatile food and energy prices and very recently by the global financial crisis. Holistically, smallholder farmers in Sierra Leone can be categorized on the basis of: (i) The agro-ecological zones in which they operate; (ii) the type and composition of their farm portfolio and landholding; or (iii) on the basis of annual revenue they generate from farming activities. Developing successful smallholder farming in country-specific context for agricultural productivity and food security to understanding that household food insecurity largely depends on three interdependent components: Food availability as a function of production; food access/entitlements as a function of purchasing power or job availability; and food absorption/utilization as a function of environmental hygiene, family healthcare and drinking water security. Overcoming these challenges to ending food insecurity and poverty, the ultimate goal is to establish relevant indicators for agricultural productivity and food security planning at the local level, mainly emphasizing the basis for comprehensive food availability, access and absorption. Retrospectively, translating specific indicators to interpret who and how many smallholder household famers are better-off or very poor in the implementation process provide a platform for fruitful agenda with smallholder farmer inclusiveness. This conceptual framework provides the enabling environment to showcase the future of smallholder agricultural productivity and food security in Sierra Leone. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Smallholder farming, agricultural productivity, food security, relevant indicators, Sierra Leone.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":"14 1","pages":"119-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42793957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. S. Pascoalini, M. Tognella, Karen Otoni de Oliveira Lima, Antelmo Ralph Falquetto
The goal of this study was to evaluate the structural plasticity and distribution of mangrove species in the Estuarine System of Greater Vitoria (ESGV). Four areas distributed along the estuary were analyzed. Fringe and basin forests were sampled in each station. Concomitantly to the forest sampling, interstitial salinity was measured in the field, and sediment was collected for analysis of organic matter (OM) content. There was variation in species distribution along the ESGV. Regarding the structural variables, comparative analysis between physiographic types indicated that basin forests were more mature than fringe forests. OM content values were higher in basin forests. There was an inverse relationship between values of mean DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) and live trunk density (R2 = 0.8795, p <0.0001), and a positive relationship between OM content in the sediment and mean DBH (R2 = 0.3215, p = 0.00593). Multivariate analysis evidenced the formation of three groups: The first with higher structural development and dominated by Rhizophora mangle, in areas with higher OM content; the second dominated by Laguncularia racemosa with more impoverished soils; and third group, which aggregated plots subjected to environmental and anthropic stress (like tree cutting), restricted to more urbanized areas. Key words: Forest maturity, organic matter, multivariate analysis.
本研究的目的是评估大维多利亚河口系统(ESGV)红树林的结构可塑性和分布。分析了沿河口分布的4个区域。在每个站点取样边缘林和盆地林。在森林取样的同时，在野外测量了间隙盐度，并收集了沉积物以分析有机质(OM)含量。沿ESGV的物种分布存在差异。在结构变量方面，不同地理类型的对比分析表明，盆地林比边缘林更成熟。盆地林的OM含量较高。平均胸径与活树干密度呈负相关(R2 = 0.8795, p <0.0001)，沉积物中OM含量与平均胸径呈正相关(R2 = 0.3215, p = 0.00593)。多因素分析表明，在OM含量较高的地区，结构发育程度较高，以根霉混杂菌为主;第二类土壤较贫瘠，以总状拉筋为主;第三组集中了受环境和人为压力(如砍伐树木)影响的地块，仅限于城市化程度较高的地区。关键词:森林成熟度，有机质，多变量分析。
{"title":"Structural plasticity and species distribution in a peri-urban mangrove of Southeastern Brazil","authors":"S. S. Pascoalini, M. Tognella, Karen Otoni de Oliveira Lima, Antelmo Ralph Falquetto","doi":"10.5897/SRE2018.6645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE2018.6645","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this study was to evaluate the structural plasticity and distribution of mangrove species in the Estuarine System of Greater Vitoria (ESGV). Four areas distributed along the estuary were analyzed. Fringe and basin forests were sampled in each station. Concomitantly to the forest sampling, interstitial salinity was measured in the field, and sediment was collected for analysis of organic matter (OM) content. There was variation in species distribution along the ESGV. Regarding the structural variables, comparative analysis between physiographic types indicated that basin forests were more mature than fringe forests. OM content values were higher in basin forests. There was an inverse relationship between values of mean DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) and live trunk density (R2 = 0.8795, p <0.0001), and a positive relationship between OM content in the sediment and mean DBH (R2 = 0.3215, p = 0.00593). Multivariate analysis evidenced the formation of three groups: The first with higher structural development and dominated by Rhizophora mangle, in areas with higher OM content; the second dominated by Laguncularia racemosa with more impoverished soils; and third group, which aggregated plots subjected to environmental and anthropic stress (like tree cutting), restricted to more urbanized areas. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Forest maturity, organic matter, multivariate analysis.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":"14 1","pages":"129-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/SRE2018.6645","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43844938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Sawadogo, J. Zerbo, Nour Ali Mahamat, F. Ouattara
This paper presents foF2 data recorded at Ouagadougou Ionosonde Station and compares them with IRI-2012 model results through its two subroutines, Union Radio Scientifique Internationale (URSI) and Comite Consultatif International des Radio Communications (CCIR) during recurrent solar activity. Except for the solar cycle maximum period, measured data profiles corroborate with the signatures of E×B drift. IRI- 2012 subroutine URSI is not consistent with observed electrodynamics during any solar cycle phase, while CCIR predictions are consistent with the measured data during the solar maximum and declining phases. Investigation on the relative deviation module mean (RDMM) shows poor agreement between measurements and predictions with IRI most of the time. However, the deviation percentages indicate good correlation between URSI predictions and data from the ionosonde, except for solar ascending phase. Good correlation with CCIR is only obtained during the solar cycle minimum and maximum phases. From a quantitative point of view, this study shows that predictions with URSI are closer to experimental measurements. The investigations show good agreement between model and in situ measurement during the day. Significant differences are recorded at night, especially from midnight to sunrise. There is necessity to improve IRI model for equatorial regions to better predict foF2 variation. Key words: Ionosphere, foF2, Solar cycle, IRI model.
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