Marwan Alraggad, Bart D. Johnsen-Harris, A. Shdaifat, Mohd Kotaiba Abugazleh, A. Hamaideh
Pumping of 82 MCM/yr from Mujib Basin (Eastern Dead Sea), coupled with the 54 MCM/yr recharge rate, has led to diminished groundwater levels and dramatically affects ecosystem services. Climate change compounds these issues by reducing recharge and increasing the ecosystem’s hydrological demand. This paper investigates groundwater resilience to climatic changes in Mujib Basin by modeling resilience for the years 2014 and 2050. Resilience of groundwater was modeled to long term changes as “low” in the central parts of the study area due to low saturated thickness and high pumping rates. Resilience was modeled as “high” to “very high” in areas with high saturated thickness and higher replenishment rates. Water budget components were modeled through the J2000 hydrological model, giving a groundwater recharge of 54 MCM/yr. Statistical downscaling of global circulation models indicated a 21% decline in precipitation by the year 2080 with 2 and 3° increases in maximum and minimum temperature respectively. Recharge for the year 2050 was recalculated based on the downscaling and prediction results to be 30% less than current recharge. Continuous over-pumping with recharge reduction will cause a 30-70% reduction in saturated thickness by the same year. Modeling groundwater resilience under the new conditions showed a severe impact on the study area especially the central parts which are expected to comprise a semi dry aquifer by 2050. Key words: Jordan, Dead Sea, groundwater resilience, climate change.
{"title":"Groundwater resilience to climate change in the eastern Dead Sea basin - Jordan.","authors":"Marwan Alraggad, Bart D. Johnsen-Harris, A. Shdaifat, Mohd Kotaiba Abugazleh, A. Hamaideh","doi":"10.5897/SRE2016.6459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE2016.6459","url":null,"abstract":"Pumping of 82 MCM/yr from Mujib Basin (Eastern Dead Sea), coupled with the 54 MCM/yr recharge rate, has led to diminished groundwater levels and dramatically affects ecosystem services. Climate change compounds these issues by reducing recharge and increasing the ecosystem’s hydrological demand. This paper investigates groundwater resilience to climatic changes in Mujib Basin by modeling resilience for the years 2014 and 2050. Resilience of groundwater was modeled to long term changes as “low” in the central parts of the study area due to low saturated thickness and high pumping rates. Resilience was modeled as “high” to “very high” in areas with high saturated thickness and higher replenishment rates. Water budget components were modeled through the J2000 hydrological model, giving a groundwater recharge of 54 MCM/yr. Statistical downscaling of global circulation models indicated a 21% decline in precipitation by the year 2080 with 2 and 3° increases in maximum and minimum temperature respectively. Recharge for the year 2050 was recalculated based on the downscaling and prediction results to be 30% less than current recharge. Continuous over-pumping with recharge reduction will cause a 30-70% reduction in saturated thickness by the same year. Modeling groundwater resilience under the new conditions showed a severe impact on the study area especially the central parts which are expected to comprise a semi dry aquifer by 2050. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Jordan, Dead Sea, groundwater resilience, climate change.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":"12 1","pages":"24-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/SRE2016.6459","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42316689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wadi Ishe pilot project is a trial project set to illustrate the recharge of runoff and storage in an artificial groundwater reservoir to minimize evaporation losses and as a substitute of water supply for rural arid areas that could be used for stock watering and some agricultural activities. The HEC-Hydrologic modeling System was used to estimate the runoff potential. The model in the research will provide possibilities for the simulation of precipitation-runoff procedures. The hydrographs shows a 10 years return period with a total yearly precipitation of 44 mm and total loss of 35.3 mm gave a total runoff of 8.7 mm. The total precipitation volume for the years 2000-2010 within the catchment area was approximately 36.14 Mm³. Designed to intercept the groundwater flow in connection with a flood in the Wadi Ishe basin, an underground dam was constructed from the base of the wadi channel all the way up to the surface (about 3 m height). A well was incorporated upstream of the barrier to extract the stored water from the underground reservoir. The porosity of the refilled reservoir test section was calculated to be 20-23%. The annual storage of the subsurface reservoir is approximately around 300 m³/year, where there is an average of 5 annual rain events in that area. In the catchment area another 11 potential sites were identified using the site selection criteria that was developed. Those sites once implemented using this technique would make a clear difference in water availability and enhance development around Wadi Madoneh. With this study the in different regions of the world already applied technique of groundwater dams could be first time also effectively implemented in small arid wadi catchments by using an adapted improved new technology by combining harvesting and artificial recharge effects. Key words: Groundwater reservoir, Jordan, rainfall-runoff model, surface runoff Wadi Ishe, water harvesting.
{"title":"Water harvesting: Groundwater storage reservoir in Wadi Ishe, Jordan","authors":"A. Hamaideh, H. Hoetzl, M. Raggad","doi":"10.5897/SRE2016.6464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE2016.6464","url":null,"abstract":"Wadi Ishe pilot project is a trial project set to illustrate the recharge of runoff and storage in an artificial groundwater reservoir to minimize evaporation losses and as a substitute of water supply for rural arid areas that could be used for stock watering and some agricultural activities. The HEC-Hydrologic modeling System was used to estimate the runoff potential. The model in the research will provide possibilities for the simulation of precipitation-runoff procedures. The hydrographs shows a 10 years return period with a total yearly precipitation of 44 mm and total loss of 35.3 mm gave a total runoff of 8.7 mm. The total precipitation volume for the years 2000-2010 within the catchment area was approximately 36.14 Mm³. Designed to intercept the groundwater flow in connection with a flood in the Wadi Ishe basin, an underground dam was constructed from the base of the wadi channel all the way up to the surface (about 3 m height). A well was incorporated upstream of the barrier to extract the stored water from the underground reservoir. The porosity of the refilled reservoir test section was calculated to be 20-23%. The annual storage of the subsurface reservoir is approximately around 300 m³/year, where there is an average of 5 annual rain events in that area. In the catchment area another 11 potential sites were identified using the site selection criteria that was developed. Those sites once implemented using this technique would make a clear difference in water availability and enhance development around Wadi Madoneh. With this study the in different regions of the world already applied technique of groundwater dams could be first time also effectively implemented in small arid wadi catchments by using an adapted improved new technology by combining harvesting and artificial recharge effects. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Groundwater reservoir, Jordan, rainfall-runoff model, surface runoff Wadi Ishe, water harvesting.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":"12 1","pages":"9-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/SRE2016.6464","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49135396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research presents an experimental study on the Faraday instability in one-dimensional cells filled with a mixture of water and glycerol, and for a range forcing frequency between 10 and 60 Hz. It showed that for a particular forcing frequency, whose value depends on the width of the cell, an anomalous surface oscillation arises, that appears as a large wavelength mode oscillating subharmonically with respect to the normal modes predicted by the linear stability analysis. Since all others studied forcing frequency, the observed modes are in agreement with the ones theoretically predicted. Key words: Faraday Instability, non-linear dynamics PACS: 47.20.Dr, 47.20.Gv, 47.35.+i, 47.54.+r
本研究提出了一个实验研究的法拉第不稳定性的一维细胞充满水和甘油的混合物，范围强迫频率在10和60赫兹之间。结果表明，对于特定的强迫频率，其值取决于单元的宽度，会产生异常的表面振荡，其表现为与线性稳定性分析预测的正常模式相比，以次谐波方式振荡的大波长模式。由于所有其他研究强迫频率，观测到的模态与理论预测的模态一致。关键词:法拉第不稳定性，非线性动力学，PACS: 47.20博士,47.20。全球之声,47.35。+我,47.54 + r
{"title":"Anomalous modes in Faraday instability","authors":"Alessio Guarino","doi":"10.5897/SRE2016.6392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE2016.6392","url":null,"abstract":"This research presents an experimental study on the Faraday instability in one-dimensional cells filled with a mixture of water and glycerol, and for a range forcing frequency between 10 and 60 Hz. It showed that for a particular forcing frequency, whose value depends on the width of the cell, an anomalous surface oscillation arises, that appears as a large wavelength mode oscillating subharmonically with respect to the normal modes predicted by the linear stability analysis. Since all others studied forcing frequency, the observed modes are in agreement with the ones theoretically predicted. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Faraday Instability, non-linear dynamics \u0000 \u0000 PACS: 47.20.Dr, 47.20.Gv, 47.35.+i, 47.54.+r","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/SRE2016.6392","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45760274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The spectral scheme for spacetime geometry is a totally new framework for quantitatively describing the spacetime geometry in terms of the spectra of a certain elliptic operator (typically the Laplacian operator) on the space in question. The central idea of the framework can be symbolically stated as ``Let us hear the shape of the Universe!" There are several advantages of this framework compared to the traditional geometrical description in terms of the Riemannian metric. After sketching the basics of the spectral scheme, we give a new formula for the Einstein-Hilbert action, which is a central quantity for the general relativity theory, in terms of the spectral scheme. We then pay attention to its application to the quantum universes and see how the quantum fluctuations of spacetimes can be effectively described in terms of the spectral scheme. Key words: General relativity, spacetime structures, spectral scheme, cosmology.
{"title":"Quantum fluctuations of the spacetime geometry in the spectral scheme","authors":"M. Seriu","doi":"10.5897/SRE2016.6420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE2016.6420","url":null,"abstract":"The spectral scheme for spacetime geometry is a totally new framework for quantitatively describing the spacetime geometry in terms of the spectra of a certain elliptic operator (typically the Laplacian operator) on the space in question. The central idea of the framework can be symbolically stated as ``Let us hear the shape of the Universe!\" There are several advantages of this framework compared to the traditional geometrical description in terms of the Riemannian metric. After sketching the basics of the spectral scheme, we give a new formula for the Einstein-Hilbert action, which is a central quantity for the general relativity theory, in terms of the spectral scheme. We then pay attention to its application to the quantum universes and see how the quantum fluctuations of spacetimes can be effectively described in terms of the spectral scheme. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: General relativity, spacetime structures, spectral scheme, cosmology.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":"11 1","pages":"247-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/SRE2016.6420","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71216966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This experiment was carried out in order to evaluate productivity and rates of poultry manure used to amend kerosene oil contaminated soil on 0.18 ha of land. The land area was contaminated with 5% of kerosene oil equivalent to 50,000 mgkg-1 and thereafter the field laid out using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments of 10, 20, 30 tha-1 of poultry manure and control which were replicated five times. Maize hybrid (Oba super II) variety was used as an evaluation crop. Results showed except for bulk density, poultry manure amended at 30 tha-1 was significantly (P<0.05) higher by 57, 10 and 56% in total porosity, aggregate stability and gravimetric moisture content (GMC) compared to control. Eventhough, there was no significant (P<0.05) treatment effect of poultry manure amendment on chemical properties of studied soil properties except for sodium, Organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, CEC and base saturation were respectively higher by 33, 17, 37, 27 and 24% in plot amended with 30 tha-1 of poultry manure than when compared to control. Plant height and grain yields of maize followed the trend obtained in improvements of physicochemical properties of soil as reflected by amendments but significant (P<0.05) tallest maize plant and grain yield of maize were obtained in plot amended with 30tha-1 of poultry manure compared to control. Rate of poultry manure is necessary for sustainable productivity of kerosene oil contaminated soil. Key words: Kerosene oil, maize yield, poultry droppings, productivity, remediation.
{"title":"Evaluation of productivity and rates of application of poultry manure for remediation of kerosene oil contaminated soil in Abakaliki, Southeastern Nigeria","authors":"J. Nwite, F. C. Aya, C. Okeh","doi":"10.5897/SRE2016.6449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE2016.6449","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment was carried out in order to evaluate productivity and rates of poultry manure used to amend kerosene oil contaminated soil on 0.18 ha of land. The land area was contaminated with 5% of kerosene oil equivalent to 50,000 mgkg-1 and thereafter the field laid out using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments of 10, 20, 30 tha-1 of poultry manure and control which were replicated five times. Maize hybrid (Oba super II) variety was used as an evaluation crop. Results showed except for bulk density, poultry manure amended at 30 tha-1 was significantly (P<0.05) higher by 57, 10 and 56% in total porosity, aggregate stability and gravimetric moisture content (GMC) compared to control. Eventhough, there was no significant (P<0.05) treatment effect of poultry manure amendment on chemical properties of studied soil properties except for sodium, Organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, CEC and base saturation were respectively higher by 33, 17, 37, 27 and 24% in plot amended with 30 tha-1 of poultry manure than when compared to control. Plant height and grain yields of maize followed the trend obtained in improvements of physicochemical properties of soil as reflected by amendments but significant (P<0.05) tallest maize plant and grain yield of maize were obtained in plot amended with 30tha-1 of poultry manure compared to control. Rate of poultry manure is necessary for sustainable productivity of kerosene oil contaminated soil. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Kerosene oil, maize yield, poultry droppings, productivity, remediation.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":"14 1","pages":"239-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/SRE2016.6449","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71217086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Naim, Oettel Heinrich, Dilo Teuta, Aliaj Fisnik
TiN coatings were deposited onto mirror polished stainless steel substrates by reactive DC magnetron sputtering using a pure Ti target and Ar+N2 atmosphere. The deposited TiN coatings were thermally treated in ambient air at temperatures ranging from 500 to 700°C for times between 1 and 16 h. The as-deposited and thermally treated coatings were characterized using glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Titanium oxide layers were identified at the surface of thermally treated TiN coatings, which grow according to oxygen diffusion controlled parabolic time law. Phase composition of the oxide layers is found to depend strongly on temperature and exposure time. At low temperatures and shorter exposure times the oxide layers were found to be a mixture of anatase and rutile polymorphs of TiO2, while at high temperatures and longer exposure times the oxide layers consisted only of the rutile polymorph of TiO2. The results show that the microstructure of the oxide layers is porous and non-uniform across the oxide layer thickness. The porous microstructure is explained by the accumulation of nitrogen by short-range diffusion and transition into a gaseous state. Key words: TiN, coating, magnetron sputtering, rutile, thermal treatment, X-ray diffraction (XRD), glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES).
{"title":"Thermal treatment in air of direct current (DC) magnetron sputtered TiN coatings","authors":"S. Naim, Oettel Heinrich, Dilo Teuta, Aliaj Fisnik","doi":"10.5897/SRE2016.6456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE2016.6456","url":null,"abstract":"TiN coatings were deposited onto mirror polished stainless steel substrates by reactive DC magnetron sputtering using a pure Ti target and Ar+N2 atmosphere. The deposited TiN coatings were thermally treated in ambient air at temperatures ranging from 500 to 700°C for times between 1 and 16 h. The as-deposited and thermally treated coatings were characterized using glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Titanium oxide layers were identified at the surface of thermally treated TiN coatings, which grow according to oxygen diffusion controlled parabolic time law. Phase composition of the oxide layers is found to depend strongly on temperature and exposure time. At low temperatures and shorter exposure times the oxide layers were found to be a mixture of anatase and rutile polymorphs of TiO2, while at high temperatures and longer exposure times the oxide layers consisted only of the rutile polymorph of TiO2. The results show that the microstructure of the oxide layers is porous and non-uniform across the oxide layer thickness. The porous microstructure is explained by the accumulation of nitrogen by short-range diffusion and transition into a gaseous state. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: TiN, coating, magnetron sputtering, rutile, thermal treatment, X-ray diffraction (XRD), glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES).","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":"11 1","pages":"230-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/SRE2016.6456","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71217812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wireless sensor network based applications have gained a significant importance in recent years. However, it creates problems when sending the detected data over distant stations even though establishment of sensor networks by means of ZigBee communication modules as the communication range of these modules are limited. For this reason, in this study, design of a gateway node which can be used in the sensor network applications was developed. The gateway node developed consists of a CC2530 ZigBee Module, an MSP430G2553 ultra low power microcontroller and a SIM900 GSM/GPRS module. As a result of this node, the sudden changes can be sent as data packets (SMS), also, the data can easily be monitored on web based and mobile platforms. It is anticipated that the study will be useful for the researchers conducting sensor network applications. Key words: Wireless sensor networks, ZigBee, sensor node, gateway node.
{"title":"A new gateway node for wireless sensor network applications","authors":"Dener Murat","doi":"10.5897/SRE2015.6292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE2015.6292","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor network based applications have gained a significant importance in recent years. However, it creates problems when sending the detected data over distant stations even though establishment of sensor networks by means of ZigBee communication modules as the communication range of these modules are limited. For this reason, in this study, design of a gateway node which can be used in the sensor network applications was developed. The gateway node developed consists of a CC2530 ZigBee Module, an MSP430G2553 ultra low power microcontroller and a SIM900 GSM/GPRS module. As a result of this node, the sudden changes can be sent as data packets (SMS), also, the data can easily be monitored on web based and mobile platforms. It is anticipated that the study will be useful for the researchers conducting sensor network applications. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Wireless sensor networks, ZigBee, sensor node, gateway node.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":"11 1","pages":"213-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/SRE2015.6292","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71217050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Sintondji, J. Huat, E. Dossou-Yovo, J. Fusillier, E. Agbossou, J. F. Djagba, F. Gbaguidi
In a context of greater climate variability and increasing population pressure, inland valleys are considered as high potential agricultural area. This agricultural potential has been subject to multiple initiatives for characterization which were generally based on the physical characteristics. However, support strategies based on such inventories often fail to fit with the promoters’ expectations. One of the reasons is that approaches used to classify inland valleys do not generally take into account socio-economic factors. This study aims to characterize the diversity of inland valleys in the departments of Mono and Couffo based on a joint consideration of biophysical, agronomic and socio-economic characteristics and to prioritize the factors affecting their agricultural use. Data were collected on 158 inland valleys and were related to biophysical characteristics, uses, management and economic productivity. Six types of inland valleys differentiated by the production systems, economic productivities and socioeconomic characteristics were identified. The production system based on rainfed rice and off-season vegetable with application of chemical fertilizer generated the highest economic productivity. Strengthening farmers’ technical abilities was important for a better capitalization on inland valleys. These results support the importance to combine several approaches in the classification of inland valleys and to fully understand the factors affecting their valorization by rural populations. Key words: Diversification, inland valleys, intensification, performance, typology, uses.
{"title":"Lessons withdrawn from the diversity of inland valleys cultivation at a regional scale: A case study of Mono and Couffo departments in south Benin","authors":"L. Sintondji, J. Huat, E. Dossou-Yovo, J. Fusillier, E. Agbossou, J. F. Djagba, F. Gbaguidi","doi":"10.5897/SRE2016.6424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE2016.6424","url":null,"abstract":"In a context of greater climate variability and increasing population pressure, inland valleys are considered as high potential agricultural area. This agricultural potential has been subject to multiple initiatives for characterization which were generally based on the physical characteristics. However, support strategies based on such inventories often fail to fit with the promoters’ expectations. One of the reasons is that approaches used to classify inland valleys do not generally take into account socio-economic factors. This study aims to characterize the diversity of inland valleys in the departments of Mono and Couffo based on a joint consideration of biophysical, agronomic and socio-economic characteristics and to prioritize the factors affecting their agricultural use. Data were collected on 158 inland valleys and were related to biophysical characteristics, uses, management and economic productivity. Six types of inland valleys differentiated by the production systems, economic productivities and socioeconomic characteristics were identified. The production system based on rainfed rice and off-season vegetable with application of chemical fertilizer generated the highest economic productivity. Strengthening farmers’ technical abilities was important for a better capitalization on inland valleys. These results support the importance to combine several approaches in the classification of inland valleys and to fully understand the factors affecting their valorization by rural populations. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Diversification, inland valleys, intensification, performance, typology, uses.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":"67 1","pages":"221-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/SRE2016.6424","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71217031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of reinforced concrete buildings in Northern Cyprus using TEC2007 and EC8 in respect of cost estimation","authors":"Resatoglu Rifat, S. Rami","doi":"10.5897/SRE2016.6452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE2016.6452","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":"11 1","pages":"194-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/SRE2016.6452","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71217803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Chellil, I. Gahlouz, S. Lecheb, S. Chellil, A. Nour, H. Mechakra
The aim of this study is to investigate the critical speed analysis and response of a rotating machinery. The search for increasingly high performances in the field of the vibration phenomena which is subject rotor are increasingly important and can lead to system instability. The use of the finite element method makes to establish dynamic equations of the movement. Numerical calculations of the model developed, can extract the natural frequencies and modal deformed of the rotor, and this reduce is nonlinear. The Campbell diagram plot used to determine the critical speeds. Experimentally the study of the rotor in transient system allowed the determination of the spectral responses due to the unbalances and various excitations. Key words: Stability, rotor, dynamic, critical speed.
{"title":"Dynamic modelling and predictive health monitoring for vibration control and resonance of rotating machinery","authors":"A. Chellil, I. Gahlouz, S. Lecheb, S. Chellil, A. Nour, H. Mechakra","doi":"10.5897/SRE2016.6401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE2016.6401","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to investigate the critical speed analysis and response of a rotating machinery. The search for increasingly high performances in the field of the vibration phenomena which is subject rotor are increasingly important and can lead to system instability. The use of the finite element method makes to establish dynamic equations of the movement. Numerical calculations of the model developed, can extract the natural frequencies and modal deformed of the rotor, and this reduce is nonlinear. The Campbell diagram plot used to determine the critical speeds. Experimentally the study of the rotor in transient system allowed the determination of the spectral responses due to the unbalances and various excitations. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Stability, rotor, dynamic, critical speed.","PeriodicalId":21603,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Research and Essays","volume":"11 1","pages":"202-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/SRE2016.6401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71217286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：