Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.2.1276
Fatma Shawkat Taher Taher, H. E. Othman
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a serious human pathogen that can spread in healthcare facilities and among the general public. This study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence and diversity of SCCmec types of this superbug among hospitalized patients. This study involved phenotypic identification and molecular confirmation of S. aureus based on the nuc gene, molecular detection of MRSA, SCCmec typing, and virulence factor profiling of MRSA clinical isolates obtained from hospitalized patients in Duhok province. Out of the 310 enrolled patients, 33 isolates (10.64%) were identified and confirmed as Staphylococcus aureus, of which 51.5% were identified as MRSA based on phenotypic and molecular targeting of the mecA gene. There were no discernible variations between the prevalence rates of this pathogen in different clinical sources, sexes, or age groups (p-values: 0.71, 0.39, and 0.15 respectively). The isolates had elevated rates of resistance to most antibiotic classes. They were classified as extensive drug-resistant (30.3%), multidrug-resistant (57.5%), and non-multidrug-resistant (12.1%). Additionally, SCCmec typing of MRSA by multiplex PCR identified three different SCCmec types and subtypes, including SCCmec type II (35.5%), followed by 17.64% of SCCmec type IV subtype d (IVd), and SCCmec type III (11.76%). However, 35.3% of the MRSA isolates were found to be non-typeable. Molecular profiling of major virulence factors and toxin genes revealed that 57.5% of the isolates were positive for the exfolitative toxin (ETA), 45.4% of the isolates carried TSST-1 (Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1), the PVL (Panton-Valentine Leukocidin) cytotoxin was identified in 15% of the isolates, and 18.1% of the identified S. aureus isolates were positive for the ACME (arginine catabolic mobile element). The findings of the current investigation pointed out the circulating of highly virulent and extensively resistant MRSA strains among hospitalized patients, which may require active surveillance and better control policies
{"title":"MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION AND GENOTYPING OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) IN DIFFERENT CLINICAL SAMPLES","authors":"Fatma Shawkat Taher Taher, H. E. Othman","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.2.1276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.2.1276","url":null,"abstract":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a serious human pathogen that can spread in healthcare facilities and among the general public. This study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence and diversity of SCCmec types of this superbug among hospitalized patients. This study involved phenotypic identification and molecular confirmation of S. aureus based on the nuc gene, molecular detection of MRSA, SCCmec typing, and virulence factor profiling of MRSA clinical isolates obtained from hospitalized patients in Duhok province. Out of the 310 enrolled patients, 33 isolates (10.64%) were identified and confirmed as Staphylococcus aureus, of which 51.5% were identified as MRSA based on phenotypic and molecular targeting of the mecA gene. There were no discernible variations between the prevalence rates of this pathogen in different clinical sources, sexes, or age groups (p-values: 0.71, 0.39, and 0.15 respectively). The isolates had elevated rates of resistance to most antibiotic classes. They were classified as extensive drug-resistant (30.3%), multidrug-resistant (57.5%), and non-multidrug-resistant (12.1%). Additionally, SCCmec typing of MRSA by multiplex PCR identified three different SCCmec types and subtypes, including SCCmec type II (35.5%), followed by 17.64% of SCCmec type IV subtype d (IVd), and SCCmec type III (11.76%). However, 35.3% of the MRSA isolates were found to be non-typeable. Molecular profiling of major virulence factors and toxin genes revealed that 57.5% of the isolates were positive for the exfolitative toxin (ETA), 45.4% of the isolates carried TSST-1 (Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1), the PVL (Panton-Valentine Leukocidin) cytotoxin was identified in 15% of the isolates, and 18.1% of the identified S. aureus isolates were positive for the ACME (arginine catabolic mobile element). The findings of the current investigation pointed out the circulating of highly virulent and extensively resistant MRSA strains among hospitalized patients, which may require active surveillance and better control policies","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140998920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.2.1260
Mohammed M. Ibrahim
Salmonellosis, a zoonotic illness caused by Salmonella spp., is mostly transmitted to humans through the consumption of raw animal products, particularly poultry meat. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis are the predominant strains responsible for human infection. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium infection in frozen imported poultry using a triplex PCR technique. A total of 110 samples were chosen using the cluster sampling technique from the Ibrahim Khalil border throughout the summer and autumn of 2023. Following the cultivation of the meat samples in enrichment and selective media, suspicious colonies were obtained. Subsequently, DNA extraction was conducted, and the Salmonella isolates were identified using triplex PCR. Three (3) sets of primer pairs were utilised to target the invA gene for the Salmonella genus, the prot6 gene for the S. enteritidis serovar, and the fliC gene for the S. typhimurium serovar. The prevalence of Salmonella infection in frozen poultry meat was 12% (13 out of 110 samples). Among the contaminated samples, 38% (5 out of 13) were recognised as S. enteritidis and 30% (4 out of 13) were recognised as S. typhimurium. The findings of this finding suggest that frozen poultry meat pose a significant danger for zoonotic infections caused by S. typhimurium. and S. enteritidis.
{"title":"IDENTIFICATION OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM AND SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS IN THE IMPORTED FROZEN POULTRY","authors":"Mohammed M. Ibrahim","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.2.1260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.2.1260","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonellosis, a zoonotic illness caused by Salmonella spp., is mostly transmitted to humans through the consumption of raw animal products, particularly poultry meat. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis are the predominant strains responsible for human infection. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium infection in frozen imported poultry using a triplex PCR technique. A total of 110 samples were chosen using the cluster sampling technique from the Ibrahim Khalil border throughout the summer and autumn of 2023. Following the cultivation of the meat samples in enrichment and selective media, suspicious colonies were obtained. Subsequently, DNA extraction was conducted, and the Salmonella isolates were identified using triplex PCR. Three (3) sets of primer pairs were utilised to target the invA gene for the Salmonella genus, the prot6 gene for the S. enteritidis serovar, and the fliC gene for the S. typhimurium serovar. The prevalence of Salmonella infection in frozen poultry meat was 12% (13 out of 110 samples). Among the contaminated samples, 38% (5 out of 13) were recognised as S. enteritidis and 30% (4 out of 13) were recognised as S. typhimurium. The findings of this finding suggest that frozen poultry meat pose a significant danger for zoonotic infections caused by S. typhimurium. and S. enteritidis.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140662708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.2.1240
Abdulrahman A. Muhsin, A. Atrushi, A. A. AL-doski
In Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) assessment of molecular response to treatment, assessing minimal residual disease (MRD) is a major independent predictor of treatment outcome. Consequently, MRD is implemented in all ALL-treatment protocols to fill up or to redefine stratification of multifactorial risk with optional intensity of customized treatment. Aim: to specify the significance of MRD in the assessment of remission in children with ALL with results discordant between morphology and flow cytometry at the end of induction phase of therapy. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Jin Oncology Center from March 2019 through November 2023. Data were taken out of the records of 58 patients who had ALL less than 16 years old. All patients were less than 16 years old and treated by ukall. They were diagnosed using peripheral blood morphology, bone marrow study and/or flow cytometry when lymphoblasts in peripheral blood or bone marrow aspirate are ≥20% and was confirmed by flow cytometry. On 29th day of induction therapy, bone marrow was examined for morphology and flow cytometry. The presence or absence of MRD was determined, and CD19, CD10 and tdt were tested. By morphologic assessment they were divided patients into: Category 1, C1 (<5% blasts), Category 2, C2 (5-20% blasts), and Category 3, C3 (>20% blasts). Statistical analysis was made using SPSS version 25. P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The study involved 58 patients who had ALL. with a median age of 6.5 years, male to females ratio of 1.76:1, mean platelet count of 96.6 x 10⁹/L ,mean hemoglobin of 8.6 g/dL, mean leucocyte count of 74.3 x 10⁹/L), 48 cases (82.7%) of B-cell lineage and 10 cases (17.3%) of T-cell lineage, 94.6% of the B-cell cases were of the common B-ALL and the rest Pro-BALL type, 54.6% of the T-cell ALL was cortical T-ALL and 44.4% Early T-cell ALL. They were tested for MRD by morphology and flow cytometry on day 29. By morphology, 46 patients had remission but by flow only 24 cases. Seventeen cases had residual blasts >5%. In 19 cases there was a discrepancy between the results of morphology and flow. Twenty-five cases (52.08% of B-cell cases) were positive for MRD by flow results. Eight of the ten cases of T-ALL (80%), were positive for MRD by flow cytometry. Among 48 cases of B-ALL, 36 were in C1 category (morphologically in remission), 11 cases were in C2 category and one case in the C3 category. Of cases in C1 category, 17 were MRD +ve and 19 were MRD –ve by flow cytometry. In the C2 category, only 2 out of the 11 cases (18.18%) had discordant results between morphology and flow results. The correlation between morphology and flow results was 100% in the C3 category. Conclusion: MRD should not be the surrogate of morphology but to be used in conjunction in order to give us a more accurate representation of status of remission.
{"title":"THE SIGNIFICANCE OF MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE IN ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA: A SINGLE CENTRE STUDY","authors":"Abdulrahman A. Muhsin, A. Atrushi, A. A. AL-doski","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.2.1240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.2.1240","url":null,"abstract":"In Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) assessment of molecular response to treatment, assessing minimal residual disease (MRD) is a major independent predictor of treatment outcome. Consequently, MRD is implemented in all ALL-treatment protocols to fill up or to redefine stratification of multifactorial risk with optional intensity of customized treatment.\u0000Aim: to specify the significance of MRD in the assessment of remission in children with ALL with results discordant between morphology and flow cytometry at the end of induction phase of therapy.\u0000Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Jin Oncology Center from March 2019 through November 2023. Data were taken out of the records of 58 patients who had ALL less than 16 years old. All patients were less than 16 years old and treated by ukall. They were diagnosed using peripheral blood morphology, bone marrow study and/or flow cytometry when lymphoblasts in peripheral blood or bone marrow aspirate are ≥20% and was confirmed by flow cytometry. On 29th day of induction therapy, bone marrow was examined for morphology and flow cytometry. The presence or absence of MRD was determined, and CD19, CD10 and tdt were tested. By morphologic assessment they were divided patients into: Category 1, C1 (<5% blasts), Category 2, C2 (5-20% blasts), and Category 3, C3 (>20% blasts). Statistical analysis was made using SPSS version 25. P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.\u0000Results: The study involved 58 patients who had ALL. with a median age of 6.5 years, male to females ratio of 1.76:1, mean platelet count of 96.6 x 10⁹/L ,mean hemoglobin of 8.6 g/dL, mean leucocyte count of 74.3 x 10⁹/L), 48 cases (82.7%) of B-cell lineage and 10 cases (17.3%) of T-cell lineage, 94.6% of the B-cell cases were of the common B-ALL and the rest Pro-BALL type, 54.6% of the T-cell ALL was cortical T-ALL and 44.4% Early T-cell ALL. They were tested for MRD by morphology and flow cytometry on day 29. By morphology, 46 patients had remission but by flow only 24 cases. Seventeen cases had residual blasts >5%. In 19 cases there was a discrepancy between the results of morphology and flow. Twenty-five cases (52.08% of B-cell cases) were positive for MRD by flow results. Eight of the ten cases of T-ALL (80%), were positive for MRD by flow cytometry. Among 48 cases of B-ALL, 36 were in C1 category (morphologically in remission), 11 cases were in C2 category and one case in the C3 category. Of cases in C1 category, 17 were MRD +ve and 19 were MRD –ve by flow cytometry. In the C2 category, only 2 out of the 11 cases (18.18%) had discordant results between morphology and flow results. The correlation between morphology and flow results was 100% in the C3 category.\u0000Conclusion: MRD should not be the surrogate of morphology but to be used in conjunction in order to give us a more accurate representation of status of remission.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140723754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.1.1223
S. A. Othman, Kurdistan M. Omar
In the realm of economic (financial) time series analysis, accurate prediction holds paramount importance. However, these data often suffer from the presence of noise, particularly in highly random and non-stationary datasets like stock market data. Dealing with noisy data makes predicting noise-free economic models exceedingly challenging. This research paper introduces an innovative shrinkage (thresholding) function designed to improve the efficiency of wavelet shrinkage denoising in the context of financial time series data. The proposed function is constructed based on an arctangent model with adjustable parameters meticulously chosen to ensure the function maintains continuous differentiability. The application of this novel shrinkage function effectively reduces noise in stock data. Employing R program for data analysis and figure plotting, the performance of this approach is rigorously validated using closing price data from the Shanghai Composite Index, spanning the period from January 4, 2000 to August 28, 2023. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed thresholding function outperforms classical shrinkage functions (hard, soft, and nonnegative garrote) in both continuous derivative property and denoising efficacy.
{"title":"AN ENHANCED SHRINKAGE FUNCTION FOR DENOISING ECONOMIC TIME SERIES DATA USING WAVELET ANALYSIS","authors":"S. A. Othman, Kurdistan M. Omar","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.1.1223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.1.1223","url":null,"abstract":"In the realm of economic (financial) time series analysis, accurate prediction holds paramount importance. However, these data often suffer from the presence of noise, particularly in highly random and non-stationary datasets like stock market data. Dealing with noisy data makes predicting noise-free economic models exceedingly challenging. This research paper introduces an innovative shrinkage (thresholding) function designed to improve the efficiency of wavelet shrinkage denoising in the context of financial time series data. The proposed function is constructed based on an arctangent model with adjustable parameters meticulously chosen to ensure the function maintains continuous differentiability. The application of this novel shrinkage function effectively reduces noise in stock data. Employing R program for data analysis and figure plotting, the performance of this approach is rigorously validated using closing price data from the Shanghai Composite Index, spanning the period from January 4, 2000 to August 28, 2023. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed thresholding function outperforms classical shrinkage functions (hard, soft, and nonnegative garrote) in both continuous derivative property and denoising efficacy.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140361417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.1.1212
Halgurd N. Azeez, Abdulqader O. Ameen
This study focuses on MATLAB code programs of the entire stages of solving Stochastic Transportation Linear Programming Problems with Fuzzy Uncertainty Information on Probability Distribution Space (STLPPFI) with its algorithm outlines. A MATLAB code program of STLPPFI problem solver with algorithm outlines are proposed to solve STLPPFI model problems, and it utilizes many concepts as Alpha-Cut technique, Truth Degrees technique, Linear Fuzzy Membership Function (LFMF), Trapezoidal Fuzzy Number , Triangular Fuzzy Number , Linear Fuzzy Ranking Function (LFRF), Expectation Weighted Summation technique (EWS) and analyzing cases via second condition test of alpha-cut technique. The STLPPFI problem solver is utlized to convert STLPPFI into its corresponding equivalent Deterministic Transportation Linear Programming Problem (DTLPP) via defuzzifying from fuzziness on probability distribution space and derandomization randomness of problem formulation respectively. In addition, Dual-Simplex algorithm method with Vogel Approximation Algorithm Method (VAM) are used to obtain optimal solution from DTLPP. All MATLAB code programs with their proposed algorithm outlines are new except Dual-Simplex and VAM. The MATLAB code program of STLPPFI problem solver are more efficient along with a numerical example on electricity field illustrating practicability of this proposed MATLAB code program with its algorithm. Finally, the solution procedure illustrates the MATLAB code program of the proposed method is practical and applicable in the fields of energy and industry as it facilitates the method of transforming the energy at the lowest cost, least time running and is commercially applicable. Comparative comments are provided between Dual-Simplex and VAM in solution process.
{"title":"SOLVING STOCHASTIC TRANSPORTATION ELECTRICITY PROBLEM WITH FUZZY INFORMATION ON PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION USING MATLAB PROGRAM","authors":"Halgurd N. Azeez, Abdulqader O. Ameen","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.1.1212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.1.1212","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on MATLAB code programs of the entire stages of solving Stochastic Transportation Linear Programming Problems with Fuzzy Uncertainty Information on Probability Distribution Space (STLPPFI) with its algorithm outlines. A MATLAB code program of STLPPFI problem solver with algorithm outlines are proposed to solve STLPPFI model problems, and it utilizes many concepts as Alpha-Cut technique, Truth Degrees technique, Linear Fuzzy Membership Function (LFMF), Trapezoidal Fuzzy Number , Triangular Fuzzy Number , Linear Fuzzy Ranking Function (LFRF), Expectation Weighted Summation technique (EWS) and analyzing cases via second condition test of alpha-cut technique. The STLPPFI problem solver is utlized to convert STLPPFI into its corresponding equivalent Deterministic Transportation Linear Programming Problem (DTLPP) via defuzzifying from fuzziness on probability distribution space and derandomization randomness of problem formulation respectively. In addition, Dual-Simplex algorithm method with Vogel Approximation Algorithm Method (VAM) are used to obtain optimal solution from DTLPP. All MATLAB code programs with their proposed algorithm outlines are new except Dual-Simplex and VAM. The MATLAB code program of STLPPFI problem solver are more efficient along with a numerical example on electricity field illustrating practicability of this proposed MATLAB code program with its algorithm. Finally, the solution procedure illustrates the MATLAB code program of the proposed method is practical and applicable in the fields of energy and industry as it facilitates the method of transforming the energy at the lowest cost, least time running and is commercially applicable. Comparative comments are provided between Dual-Simplex and VAM in solution process.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140363279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.1.1189
Revella E. A. Armya, M. Abdulrazzaq
Academics and researchers worldwide have paid close attention to biometric handwriting recognition using deep learning as much research has been proposed to enhance biometric recognition in the past and in recent years. Several solutions for character recognition systems in various languages, including Chinese, English, Japanese, Arabic, and Kurdish have been developed. Unfortunately, there has been minimal growth in the Assyrian language. There is still little research on Assyrian handwriting. In this paper, a new Assyrian language dataset was created as part of the procedure by distributing 500 forms consisting of 36 Assyrian characters to people between the ages of 13 and 60 of both genders. The preprocessing operation includes cleaning the noisy data and segmenting each image to 224x224 pixels. This effort resulted in the collection of 18,000 images of these characters to be trained 70% and tested 30% in four CNN models, VGG16, VGG19, MobileNet-V2, and ResNet-50, over 30 epochs to give an accuracy rate of 90.97%, 92.06%, 95.70%, and 94.97%., respectively.
{"title":"HANDWRITTEN CHARACTER RECOGNITION IN ASSYRIAN LANGUAGE USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK","authors":"Revella E. A. Armya, M. Abdulrazzaq","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.1.1189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.1.1189","url":null,"abstract":"Academics and researchers worldwide have paid close attention to biometric handwriting recognition using deep learning as much research has been proposed to enhance biometric recognition in the past and in recent years. Several solutions for character recognition systems in various languages, including Chinese, English, Japanese, Arabic, and Kurdish have been developed. Unfortunately, there has been minimal growth in the Assyrian language. There is still little research on Assyrian handwriting. In this paper, a new Assyrian language dataset was created as part of the procedure by distributing 500 forms consisting of 36 Assyrian characters to people between the ages of 13 and 60 of both genders. The preprocessing operation includes cleaning the noisy data and segmenting each image to 224x224 pixels. This effort resulted in the collection of 18,000 images of these characters to be trained 70% and tested 30% in four CNN models, VGG16, VGG19, MobileNet-V2, and ResNet-50, over 30 epochs to give an accuracy rate of 90.97%, 92.06%, 95.70%, and 94.97%., respectively.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140372342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-10DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.1.1242
Shayma M. Ahmed, Azhen H. Jarjes, A. Abdulrahman, Raghad Y. Mohammed, Sabah M. Ahmed
The impact of different annealing temperatures on the Bi-doped GeTe thin films were investigated. The thin films have been prepared by using physical vapor deposition techniques (PVD). The Bismuth (Bi) is doped GeTe with ratio of 5%. Different characterizations techniques have been used to study the different properties of thin films with several annealing temperatures. It has been found that the film thickness decreases as the annealing temperature increases. The XRD patterns show that as-deposited and annealed Bi-doped GeTe films at 150°C,200°C, and 250°C were fully amorphous, while the film annealed at 100 °C was crystalline. FESEM image shows that the structure is amorphous with no grain appearing for the crystallite GeTe compound. Whereas the annealed thin films at 100°C are well-appeared crystallites of GeTe with an average size of (110.64 nm). The thin films are annealed at (150, 200, and 250)°C which reveals that the crystallite or grain is increased. An increase in the annealing temperature has been found to cause a significant shift in the absorption edge toward an extended wavelength and an overall reduction in transmittance. At a wavelength of 1100 nm, the transmittance dropped from 65.25% for as-deposited thin films to 32.57% for annealed thin films at 250 °C. Furthermore, when the annealing temperature rises from 100°C to 250°C, the optical band gap reduces from 0.95 eV to 0.42 eV.
{"title":"INVESTIGATION THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT ANNEALING TEMPERATURES ON STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF BI-DOPED GETE (BI: 5 %) THIN FILMS FABRICATED BY PVD TECHNIQUE)","authors":"Shayma M. Ahmed, Azhen H. Jarjes, A. Abdulrahman, Raghad Y. Mohammed, Sabah M. Ahmed","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.1.1242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.1.1242","url":null,"abstract":" The impact of different annealing temperatures on the Bi-doped GeTe thin films were investigated. The thin films have been prepared by using physical vapor deposition techniques (PVD). The Bismuth (Bi) is doped GeTe with ratio of 5%. Different characterizations techniques have been used to study the different properties of thin films with several annealing temperatures. It has been found that the film thickness decreases as the annealing temperature increases. The XRD patterns show that as-deposited and annealed Bi-doped GeTe films at 150°C,200°C, and 250°C were fully amorphous, while the film annealed at 100 °C was crystalline. FESEM image shows that the structure is amorphous with no grain appearing for the crystallite GeTe compound. Whereas the annealed thin films at 100°C are well-appeared crystallites of GeTe with an average size of (110.64 nm). The thin films are annealed at (150, 200, and 250)°C which reveals that the crystallite or grain is increased. An increase in the annealing temperature has been found to cause a significant shift in the absorption edge toward an extended wavelength and an overall reduction in transmittance. At a wavelength of 1100 nm, the transmittance dropped from 65.25% for as-deposited thin films to 32.57% for annealed thin films at 250 °C. Furthermore, when the annealing temperature rises from 100°C to 250°C, the optical band gap reduces from 0.95 eV to 0.42 eV.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140254840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.1.1239
D. S. Bari
Electrodermal activity (EDA) represents changes in the electrical properties of the skin due to the opening of sweat pores and sweat secretion. EDA responses are classified into specific and nonspecific responses. Nonspecific EDA responses (NS.EDRs) are EDA responses without external stimuli or motor activity and are shown to be a good measure of psychophysiological states and traits. Studies investigating NSEDRs are rare, especially on responses, which occur following specific responses at resting periods. This study aimed to investigate variations in NS.EDRs (in terms of frequency and amplitude) at a sequence of resting periods (pre and post of various stimuli). NS.EDRs parameters were recorded from 20 subjects simultaneously in the same skin area. They were computed at resting periods before and following specific responses due to five external stimuli. The study results indicated that there were differences in the frequency and amplitude of NS.EDRs recorded at different resting periods. Additionally, the frequency of NS.EDRs obtained before stimuli were more than those detected at other resting periods, whereas amplitudes of NS.EDRs following sound stimulus were higher than those computed before and after other stimuli; however, these results were statistically nonsignificant (p>0.05). This study suggests that nonspecific skin potential responses (NS.SPRs) are very sensitive to capture variations in the frequency and amplitude of NS.EDRs, whereas nonspecific skin susceptance responses (NS.SSRs) are the least sensitive compared to nonspecific skin conductance responses (NS.SCRs) and NS.SPRs. NS.EDRs may be an important indicator for tracking arousal, emotional behavior, psychophysiological variables, and goal-directed thinking in clinical applications due to their sensitivity to such responses.
{"title":"VARIATIONS IN FREQUENCY AND AMPLITUDE OF NONSPECIFIC ELECTRODERMAL RESPONSES","authors":"D. S. Bari","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.1.1239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.1.1239","url":null,"abstract":"Electrodermal activity (EDA) represents changes in the electrical properties of the skin due to the opening of sweat pores and sweat secretion. EDA responses are classified into specific and nonspecific responses. Nonspecific EDA responses (NS.EDRs) are EDA responses without external stimuli or motor activity and are shown to be a good measure of psychophysiological states and traits. Studies investigating NSEDRs are rare, especially on responses, which occur following specific responses at resting periods. This study aimed to investigate variations in NS.EDRs (in terms of frequency and amplitude) at a sequence of resting periods (pre and post of various stimuli). NS.EDRs parameters were recorded from 20 subjects simultaneously in the same skin area. They were computed at resting periods before and following specific responses due to five external stimuli. The study results indicated that there were differences in the frequency and amplitude of NS.EDRs recorded at different resting periods. Additionally, the frequency of NS.EDRs obtained before stimuli were more than those detected at other resting periods, whereas amplitudes of NS.EDRs following sound stimulus were higher than those computed before and after other stimuli; however, these results were statistically nonsignificant (p>0.05). This study suggests that nonspecific skin potential responses (NS.SPRs) are very sensitive to capture variations in the frequency and amplitude of NS.EDRs, whereas nonspecific skin susceptance responses (NS.SSRs) are the least sensitive compared to nonspecific skin conductance responses (NS.SCRs) and NS.SPRs. NS.EDRs may be an important indicator for tracking arousal, emotional behavior, psychophysiological variables, and goal-directed thinking in clinical applications due to their sensitivity to such responses.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140265935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.1.1231
S. K. Talal
The current experimental study investigates some aspects of the electrical discharge properties between two planar electrodes. These properties involve the relationships of the minimum sparking potential to the electrode separation, the spark repetition rate, and the distribution of discharge pulse height concerning both the applied voltage and electrode separation. These discharge parameters tend to show nonlinear relationship with both applied voltage and electrode separation.
{"title":"EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SOME PROPERTIES OF THE SPARKING DISCHARGE IN ATMOSPHERIC AIR","authors":"S. K. Talal","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.1.1231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.1.1231","url":null,"abstract":"The current experimental study investigates some aspects of the electrical discharge properties between two planar electrodes. These properties involve the relationships of the minimum sparking potential to the electrode separation, the spark repetition rate, and the distribution of discharge pulse height concerning both the applied voltage and electrode separation. These discharge parameters tend to show nonlinear relationship with both applied voltage and electrode separation.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.1.1235
F. Bamerni
The present study was conducted at Zakho City in Northern Iraq to evaluate three different types of gasoline: Regular, Midgrade, and Premium. These types of gasoline are categorized based on their octane rating, which was measured to verify their classification. The results showed that the initial classification was accurate, with respective values of 87.5, 89.8, and 91.1. The study evaluated the three grades of gasoline available at Zakho Gas Stations in Northern Iraq, including Regular, Midgrade, and Premium. The study also compared the chemical composition of the three gasoline grades in terms of aromatics, olefin, sulfur content, and oxygen content. All the three gasoline grades met the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard for chemical composition, and all had acceptable specific gravities. However, Midgrade gasoline is not recommended for use during the summer due to its high Reid vapor pressure (RVP) value, low Initial boiling point (IBP), and final boiling point( FBP). In general, the study showed that the Regular and Premium gasoline types sold in North of Iraq meet international quality standards. However, Midgrade gasoline is not recommended for use during the summer due to its high RVP value, low IBP, and FBP, which can lead to increased volatility and environmental pollution, Moreover, using this type of gasoline may cause problems with the car engine.
{"title":"A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE OCTANE NUMBER AND THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF REGULAR, MIDGRADE, AND PREMIUM GASOLINE","authors":"F. Bamerni","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.1.1235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2024.12.1.1235","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted at Zakho City in Northern Iraq to evaluate three different types of gasoline: Regular, Midgrade, and Premium. These types of gasoline are categorized based on their octane rating, which was measured to verify their classification. The results showed that the initial classification was accurate, with respective values of 87.5, 89.8, and 91.1. The study evaluated the three grades of gasoline available at Zakho Gas Stations in Northern Iraq, including Regular, Midgrade, and Premium. The study also compared the chemical composition of the three gasoline grades in terms of aromatics, olefin, sulfur content, and oxygen content. All the three gasoline grades met the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard for chemical composition, and all had acceptable specific gravities. However, Midgrade gasoline is not recommended for use during the summer due to its high Reid vapor pressure (RVP) value, low Initial boiling point (IBP), and final boiling point( FBP). In general, the study showed that the Regular and Premium gasoline types sold in North of Iraq meet international quality standards. However, Midgrade gasoline is not recommended for use during the summer due to its high RVP value, low IBP, and FBP, which can lead to increased volatility and environmental pollution,\u0000Moreover, using this type of gasoline may cause problems with the car engine.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140423063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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