Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.3.1069
Ghariba. A Omar, L. Y. Mohammed
The research aims to assess different pharmacognostic standards on the Urtica dioica L. leaves with the determination of the total phenol and flavonoid contents using different extracts. U. dioica L. is a species grown commonly in Kurdistan region, Iraq used among the population as a folklore medicine treating different diseases. These standards include; percentage value of extracts using different solvents, phytochemical screening of bioactive compounds, fluorescence analysis using different chemicals under UV and visible light, and physiochemical properties were performed for moisture content, total solid, total ash, water soluble ash, acid insoluble ash, sulphated ash, crude fat and crude fibers. The percentage extracts yielded 22% and 20% of water and ethanol respectively while n- hexane had the lowest one (2%) using the Soxhlet extraction method. The screening of phytochemicals identified the presence of phenols, flavonoids, carbohydrates, proteins, tannins, alkaloids, saponins and terpenoids. The Kjeldahl method's protein assay revealed a high concentration of protein and the analysis of elements by atomic absorption spectroscopy shows the abundance of calcium, magnesium and iron among the six measured elements. Our findings revealed that U. dioica L. leaves are a good source of proteins, minerals, and exhibit a potential source of phytochemicals and these findings will be useful in the identification and development of pharmacopeial standards.
{"title":"PHYSIOCHEMICAL STANDARDIZATION AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF Urtica dioica L. LEAVES GROWING IN ZAKHO, KURDISTAN REGION, IRAQ","authors":"Ghariba. A Omar, L. Y. Mohammed","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.3.1069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.3.1069","url":null,"abstract":"The research aims to assess different pharmacognostic standards on the Urtica dioica L. leaves with the determination of the total phenol and flavonoid contents using different extracts. U. dioica L. is a species grown commonly in Kurdistan region, Iraq used among the population as a folklore medicine treating different diseases. These standards include; percentage value of extracts using different solvents, phytochemical screening of bioactive compounds, fluorescence analysis using different chemicals under UV and visible light, and physiochemical properties were performed for moisture content, total solid, total ash, water soluble ash, acid insoluble ash, sulphated ash, crude fat and crude fibers. The percentage extracts yielded 22% and 20% of water and ethanol respectively while n- hexane had the lowest one (2%) using the Soxhlet extraction method. The screening of phytochemicals identified the presence of phenols, flavonoids, carbohydrates, proteins, tannins, alkaloids, saponins and terpenoids. The Kjeldahl method's protein assay revealed a high concentration of protein and the analysis of elements by atomic absorption spectroscopy shows the abundance of calcium, magnesium and iron among the six measured elements. Our findings revealed that U. dioica L. leaves are a good source of proteins, minerals, and exhibit a potential source of phytochemicals and these findings will be useful in the identification and development of pharmacopeial standards.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87888277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-11DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1060
G. A. Hussain, M. Umer, M. R. Ahmed
The main objective of the present study is to spatially evaluate the water contamination of Khabur River, before it arrives in Zakho City, inside the city, and after it leaves the city of Zakho by heavy metals. Also, the seasonal effects of Zakho municipal wastewater discharged in the Khabur River were detected in this study. The results showed that some heavy metals, such as Ni, were not detected in all studied samples in this study due to their low concentration levels. It is indicated that heavy metals are statistically affected by spatial location and high amounts were detected after leaving, compared to before entering the city which indicates that municipal wastewater is the main source of metal pollution. However, all water tests met the WHO's authorized limits. The average detected concentrations of copper, iron, manganese, and lead ranges from 0.003 to 0.025 mg/L, 0.000 to 0.054 mg/L, and 0.057 to 0.112 mg/L, and 0.014 to 0.135 mg/L respectively, while the highest concentrations of copper and iron were recorded significantly in Bedare (0.025 mg/L, 0.054 mg/L) respectively. The highest concentration of Lead (Pb) was detected in Chamtre and Tawke 0.117 mg/L and 0.135 mg/L respectively and this increase may be due to the presence of oil in the discharged industrial wastewater, in this village. Regarding season’s effects, higher mean concentrations for Mn 0.13423 mg/L, Fe, and 0.04208 mg/L were recorded in the autumn season. However, copper and lead had higher mean concertation 0.02389 mg/L, and 0.097 mg/L respectively, during the winter season, while the lowest mean concentration of copper was recorded in autumn, and lead in the summer season had a minimum concentration. There was a significant difference (P <0.01) in the seasonal variation of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Pb (P=0.001).
{"title":"A STUDY ON THE CONTAMINATION OF KHABUR RIVER WITH HEAVY METALS DUE TO SPATIAL AND SEASONAL DISCHARGED WASTEWATER IN THE IRAQI KURDISTAN REGION","authors":"G. A. Hussain, M. Umer, M. R. Ahmed","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1060","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of the present study is to spatially evaluate the water contamination of Khabur River, before it arrives in Zakho City, inside the city, and after it leaves the city of Zakho by heavy metals. Also, the seasonal effects of Zakho municipal wastewater discharged in the Khabur River were detected in this study. The results showed that some heavy metals, such as Ni, were not detected in all studied samples in this study due to their low concentration levels. It is indicated that heavy metals are statistically affected by spatial location and high amounts were detected after leaving, compared to before entering the city which indicates that municipal wastewater is the main source of metal pollution. However, all water tests met the WHO's authorized limits. The average detected concentrations of copper, iron, manganese, and lead ranges from 0.003 to 0.025 mg/L, 0.000 to 0.054 mg/L, and 0.057 to 0.112 mg/L, and 0.014 to 0.135 mg/L respectively, while the highest concentrations of copper and iron were recorded significantly in Bedare (0.025 mg/L, 0.054 mg/L) respectively. The highest concentration of Lead (Pb) was detected in Chamtre and Tawke 0.117 mg/L and 0.135 mg/L respectively and this increase may be due to the presence of oil in the discharged industrial wastewater, in this village. Regarding season’s effects, higher mean concentrations for Mn 0.13423 mg/L, Fe, and 0.04208 mg/L were recorded in the autumn season. However, copper and lead had higher mean concertation 0.02389 mg/L, and 0.097 mg/L respectively, during the winter season, while the lowest mean concentration of copper was recorded in autumn, and lead in the summer season had a minimum concentration. There was a significant difference (P <0.01) in the seasonal variation of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Pb (P=0.001).","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84327275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-07DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1087
S. M. Ismail, Sabah M. Ahmed
Pinus Brutia (PB) tree leaf extracts were used to produce zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. The study of the PB tree extracts at several calcination temperatures from (200 to 500) oC on the formation of ZnO NPs' characteristics has been investigated using various characterization techniques. The chosen plant PB had its findings at both examinations of FTIR and UV-Visible spectroscopies shown and offered to be a superior option for the GS ZnO NPs at various pH levels. PB tree leaf extracts' UV-visible spectra revealed one distinguishable absorption peak at 275.3 nm. The study of the FESEM results showed that the Green Synthesized (GS) ZnO NPs' orientation, shape, and dimensions are significantly impacted by the calcination temperatures. The ZnO NPs are also shown by the XRD data to have hexagonal wurtzite crystal structures that have particle sizes at (002) peak falling within the range between (10 to 24) nm. The UV-Visible study of the ZnO NPs showed a strong peak absorbance for ZnO NPs that were calcined at various temperatures, with high UV absorption below 400 nm. The obtained energy band gap (Eg) is located in the region between (2.65 and 2.747) eV, narrowing as the calcination temperature rises. The ZnO NPs that were calcined at a temperature of 500 oC also had superior quality and outperformed those produced at other calcination temperatures, according to all of the analyzed results and properties of the ZnO NPs.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF CALCINATION TEMPERATURES ON THE PROPERTIES OF ZNO NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED BY USING LEAVES EXTRACTS OF PINUS BRUTIA TREE","authors":"S. M. Ismail, Sabah M. Ahmed","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1087","url":null,"abstract":"Pinus Brutia (PB) tree leaf extracts were used to produce zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. The study of the PB tree extracts at several calcination temperatures from (200 to 500) oC on the formation of ZnO NPs' characteristics has been investigated using various characterization techniques. The chosen plant PB had its findings at both examinations of FTIR and UV-Visible spectroscopies shown and offered to be a superior option for the GS ZnO NPs at various pH levels. PB tree leaf extracts' UV-visible spectra revealed one distinguishable absorption peak at 275.3 nm. The study of the FESEM results showed that the Green Synthesized (GS) ZnO NPs' orientation, shape, and dimensions are significantly impacted by the calcination temperatures. The ZnO NPs are also shown by the XRD data to have hexagonal wurtzite crystal structures that have particle sizes at (002) peak falling within the range between (10 to 24) nm. The UV-Visible study of the ZnO NPs showed a strong peak absorbance for ZnO NPs that were calcined at various temperatures, with high UV absorption below 400 nm. The obtained energy band gap (Eg) is located in the region between (2.65 and 2.747) eV, narrowing as the calcination temperature rises. The ZnO NPs that were calcined at a temperature of 500 oC also had superior quality and outperformed those produced at other calcination temperatures, according to all of the analyzed results and properties of the ZnO NPs.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81226409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1045
Awat M. Abbas, Jaladet M. Jubrael, Ahmed B. Mohammed
In Iraq generally and Kurdistan region specifically, goats are an important resource for meat and milk production. It is well known that Myostatin genes (MSTN) have the essential role in growth and development due to its crucial involvement in muscle growth. The goal of this research was to reveal the polymorphism of MSTN gene in different Capra hircus breeds (native, Shami, Meriz and Kamori goat) and in wild mountain goat (Capra aegagrus) via PCR-RFLP technique and direct seqencing The MSTN (exon 1) polymorphisms were investigated in all breeds, MSTN-Dra I/RFLP revealed three genotypes AA and BB were homozygous and AB was heterozygous. The calculated genotype frequencies were 0.270, 0.368 and 0.362 for AA, BB and AB genotype respectively. The allelic frequency was 0.451 for the A allele and 0.549 for the B allele. The average of the observed heterozygosity was 0.362 and the observed homozygosity was 0.638. The sequence data of MSTN gene of Native and Shami goats revealed 31 SNPs in nonfunctional region. In addition, in exon region there was 1 SNPs in both breed samples which did not change amino acid sequence and its silence mutation. In conclusion, the result of PCR-RFLP and SNP experiments obtained in this investigation were evaluated as very useful in genotype analysis of local goat breeds/populations. Thus, DNA polymorphisms in the Myostatin gene could be used as reliable genetic marker in breeding programs in this region.
{"title":"Caprine Myostatin Gene Polymorphism in Domestic and Wild Goat Breeds in Duhok Province/Kurdistan Region of Iraq Using PCR-RFLP and SNP Markers","authors":"Awat M. Abbas, Jaladet M. Jubrael, Ahmed B. Mohammed","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1045","url":null,"abstract":"In Iraq generally and Kurdistan region specifically, goats are an important resource for meat and milk production. It is well known that Myostatin genes (MSTN) have the essential role in growth and development due to its crucial involvement in muscle growth. The goal of this research was to reveal the polymorphism of MSTN gene in different Capra hircus breeds (native, Shami, Meriz and Kamori goat) and in wild mountain goat (Capra aegagrus) via PCR-RFLP technique and direct seqencing The MSTN (exon 1) polymorphisms were investigated in all breeds, MSTN-Dra I/RFLP revealed three genotypes AA and BB were homozygous and AB was heterozygous. The calculated genotype frequencies were 0.270, 0.368 and 0.362 for AA, BB and AB genotype respectively. The allelic frequency was 0.451 for the A allele and 0.549 for the B allele. The average of the observed heterozygosity was 0.362 and the observed homozygosity was 0.638. The sequence data of MSTN gene of Native and Shami goats revealed 31 SNPs in nonfunctional region. In addition, in exon region there was 1 SNPs in both breed samples which did not change amino acid sequence and its silence mutation. In conclusion, the result of PCR-RFLP and SNP experiments obtained in this investigation were evaluated as very useful in genotype analysis of local goat breeds/populations. Thus, DNA polymorphisms in the Myostatin gene could be used as reliable genetic marker in breeding programs in this region.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135558587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-04DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1126
Ziyad H. Abid Al Jabbar, Z. A. Ali, Hanan A. Taher
This research focuses on the development of encryption algorithms for the Kurdish language, specifically tailored to the Kurdish alphabet. With the rapid growth and digital advancements in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, there is a pressing need for accurate encryption methods that can be applied to Kurdish texts in administration and digital governance. To address this need, a mathematical encryption model is proposed, leveraging the Kurdish central font supported by Microsoft Windows to ensure compatibility between sender and receiver. The model utilizes the Unicode representation of Kurdish letters to calculate offset and mod values accurately. The effectiveness of the proposed model is validated through its implementation using the Caesar cipher method. Computation tasks are performed using Excel, while the encryption system is designed and programmed in C#. Extensive testing of the system with diverse key values demonstrates its high accuracy, achieving a high success rate in encrypting Kurdish texts. This research contributes significantly to the field of encryption for the Kurdish language, providing a scientific framework for further advancements in this area.
{"title":"DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A MATHEMATICAL ENCRYPTION MODEL FOR THE CENTRAL KURDISH FONT BASED ON UNICODE","authors":"Ziyad H. Abid Al Jabbar, Z. A. Ali, Hanan A. Taher","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1126","url":null,"abstract":"This research focuses on the development of encryption algorithms for the Kurdish language, specifically tailored to the Kurdish alphabet. With the rapid growth and digital advancements in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, there is a pressing need for accurate encryption methods that can be applied to Kurdish texts in administration and digital governance. To address this need, a mathematical encryption model is proposed, leveraging the Kurdish central font supported by Microsoft Windows to ensure compatibility between sender and receiver. The model utilizes the Unicode representation of Kurdish letters to calculate offset and mod values accurately. The effectiveness of the proposed model is validated through its implementation using the Caesar cipher method. Computation tasks are performed using Excel, while the encryption system is designed and programmed in C#. Extensive testing of the system with diverse key values demonstrates its high accuracy, achieving a high success rate in encrypting Kurdish texts. This research contributes significantly to the field of encryption for the Kurdish language, providing a scientific framework for further advancements in this area.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77661580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1106
A. R. Khdhr, Sarbast A. Mahmud
The study was designed to investigates the therapeutic roles of Crataegus azarolus Var. aronia L. (C. aronia) in kidney stone treatment male albino rats’ model induced by ethylene glycol (EG). Twenty animals weighing 220–270 g were divided into control group which set as group A, while the rats in B and C groups, received 1% EG for 28 days, but group C also received C. aronia (7.5g of plant/100ml water and 10g of plant/ 90 g diet) from day 15 to 28. Kidney function tests, liver function tests, serum electrolytes, serum lipid profiles, and glucose were measured. The obtain body weight, kidneys' weight and kidneys' weight/ body weight were measured, in addition microscopic analysis of formed crystals from urine was studied. Crataegus aronia administration showed a marked declination in serum creatinine, urea, cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL cholesterol) inverse to rats received EG. Also, the obtain body weight, kidneys' weight and kidneys' weight/ body weight markedly decreased in C group when compared to group B. In conclusion: C. aronia has clear therapeutic actions on formed kidney stone might be used employee as natural antiurolithiasis drug.
{"title":"THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF Cratargus azarolus VAR. aronia IN UROLITHIATIC MALE ALBINO RATS","authors":"A. R. Khdhr, Sarbast A. Mahmud","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1106","url":null,"abstract":"The study was designed to investigates the therapeutic roles of Crataegus azarolus Var. aronia L. (C. aronia) in kidney stone treatment male albino rats’ model induced by ethylene glycol (EG). Twenty animals weighing 220–270 g were divided into control group which set as group A, while the rats in B and C groups, received 1% EG for 28 days, but group C also received C. aronia (7.5g of plant/100ml water and 10g of plant/ 90 g diet) from day 15 to 28. Kidney function tests, liver function tests, serum electrolytes, serum lipid profiles, and glucose were measured. The obtain body weight, kidneys' weight and kidneys' weight/ body weight were measured, in addition microscopic analysis of formed crystals from urine was studied. Crataegus aronia administration showed a marked declination in serum creatinine, urea, cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL cholesterol) inverse to rats received EG. Also, the obtain body weight, kidneys' weight and kidneys' weight/ body weight markedly decreased in C group when compared to group B. In conclusion: C. aronia has clear therapeutic actions on formed kidney stone might be used employee as natural antiurolithiasis drug.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80724644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1007
Zhina M. Hussein, M. R. Ahmed
Wastewater contains poisonous metals which can be moved and accumulated in plants before entering the human body through the food chain. The aim of this research was to investigate the concentrations of toxic metals such as Nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and copper (Cu) in wastewater, celery plant and farmlands soils of Duhok city Kurdistan of, Iraq. The heavy metals accumulation in the Celery plants, soil and water samples were analyzed by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results obtained showed that the mean concentrations of Pb, Ni, and Cu in the wastewater and Celery plants samples ranged from 0.45±0.08 to 5.95±0.2, 0.18±0.01 to 1.95±0.28, 0.02± 0.01 to1.13±0.23 mg/L respectively. The pattern of metal buildup in wastewater-irrigated soil is in the order: Cu > Pb > Ni, and the mean concentration of Pb, Ni and Cu in soil ranged between 21.68±0.42 to 118.57±0.07, 1.27±0.47 to 5.70±0.23, 1.28±0.24 to ± 15.12 0.53 mg/kg-1, respectively. While the mean concentration of Pb, Ni and Cu in celery leaves ranged from 1.04±0.22 to 5.22±0.60, 0.52± 0.22 to 4.31± 0.12, respectively. 1.34 ±0.22 to 19.47±0.82, 1.23±0.04 to 7.29± 2.53, 1.01±0.05 to 5.76±1.32 mg/ kg-1, respectively. According to this study, roots contain more heavy metals than leaves. According to the findings, a few of the sampling sites had Pb, Ni, and Cu values that were exceeded the permissible concentration. Celery plants cannot be planted in the Duhok Valley to prevent excessive heavy metal exposure to human health through vegetables, where the main irrigated water source is sewage from the local municipalities. Celery plant irrigation with wastewater has much greater levels of heavy metals than the controls.
{"title":"ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN CELERY PLANT APIUM GRAVEOLENS AND SOIL IRRIGATED WITH WASTEWATER WITHIN DUHOK CITY KURDISTAN OF IRAQ","authors":"Zhina M. Hussein, M. R. Ahmed","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1007","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater contains poisonous metals which can be moved and accumulated in plants before entering the human body through the food chain. The aim of this research was to investigate the concentrations of toxic metals such as Nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and copper (Cu) in wastewater, celery plant and farmlands soils of Duhok city Kurdistan of, Iraq. The heavy metals accumulation in the Celery plants, soil and water samples were analyzed by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results obtained showed that the mean concentrations of Pb, Ni, and Cu in the wastewater and Celery plants samples ranged from 0.45±0.08 to 5.95±0.2, 0.18±0.01 to 1.95±0.28, 0.02± 0.01 to1.13±0.23 mg/L respectively. The pattern of metal buildup in wastewater-irrigated soil is in the order: Cu > Pb > Ni, and the mean concentration of Pb, Ni and Cu in soil ranged between 21.68±0.42 to 118.57±0.07, 1.27±0.47 to 5.70±0.23, 1.28±0.24 to ± 15.12 0.53 mg/kg-1, respectively. While the mean concentration of Pb, Ni and Cu in celery leaves ranged from 1.04±0.22 to 5.22±0.60, 0.52± 0.22 to 4.31± 0.12, respectively. 1.34 ±0.22 to 19.47±0.82, 1.23±0.04 to 7.29± 2.53, 1.01±0.05 to 5.76±1.32 mg/ kg-1, respectively. According to this study, roots contain more heavy metals than leaves. According to the findings, a few of the sampling sites had Pb, Ni, and Cu values that were exceeded the permissible concentration. Celery plants cannot be planted in the Duhok Valley to prevent excessive heavy metal exposure to human health through vegetables, where the main irrigated water source is sewage from the local municipalities. Celery plant irrigation with wastewater has much greater levels of heavy metals than the controls.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89669268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1047
Safa A. Ali, Haval B. Mohammed Ali
One of the main issues for intermediate-level nuclear waste (ILW) is atmospheric corrosion in stainless steel. The impact of microstructure on the pit shapes on three orientations of the duplex stainless steel DSS 2205 plate and the relative humidity impact on the atmospheric corrosion pits of DSS beneath MgCl2 drops is determined through the use of four characterization tools: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy. The pits on the top surface (LT) appears layered like an attack and mostly hemispherical, while the long transverse (LS) and short transverse (ST) planes reveal elongated strings. The map scan of EDX indicates mixed oxide inclusions and MnS inclusion existing in the steel alloy and the XRD analyses present the existence of two-phase both austenite γ and ferrite α peaks. The pit shape and area were influenced by relative humidity (RH) change. At RH 35% the trend of pits in 1-week exposure revealed a larger area of pit mouth than in RH 45%. For the same exposure time and in both RHs, the area seemed to be greater at the droplet’s center than in the edge of the droplet.
{"title":"EFFECT OF MICROSTRUCTURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY ON ATMOSPHERIC PITTING CORROSION OF DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL BENEATH MGCL2 DROPS","authors":"Safa A. Ali, Haval B. Mohammed Ali","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1047","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main issues for intermediate-level nuclear waste (ILW) is atmospheric corrosion in stainless steel. The impact of microstructure on the pit shapes on three orientations of the duplex stainless steel DSS 2205 plate and the relative humidity impact on the atmospheric corrosion pits of DSS beneath MgCl2 drops is determined through the use of four characterization tools: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy. The pits on the top surface (LT) appears layered like an attack and mostly hemispherical, while the long transverse (LS) and short transverse (ST) planes reveal elongated strings. The map scan of EDX indicates mixed oxide inclusions and MnS inclusion existing in the steel alloy and the XRD analyses present the existence of two-phase both austenite γ and ferrite α peaks. The pit shape and area were influenced by relative humidity (RH) change. At RH 35% the trend of pits in 1-week exposure revealed a larger area of pit mouth than in RH 45%. For the same exposure time and in both RHs, the area seemed to be greater at the droplet’s center than in the edge of the droplet.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135690192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-29DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1063
Pshtiwan K. Othman, Ismail S. Kakey
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and thyroid disorders are both caused by endocrine abnormalities, and both have been shown to have a reciprocal influence and frequently coexist. Hence, the current study aims to detect the thyroid functions markers among patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In this research study, 90 enrolled participants aged 40 to 60 years were taken as samples for the study. There were 66 with T2DM and 24 who were non diabetic healthy individual. All individuals were investigated in terms of age, gender, diabetes duration, glycemic control (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), diabetic complications, Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and family history of DM. Samples were to assess serum thyroid hormones (TSH, FT3 and FT4), HbA1c, FBG, and insulin levels. The study's findings showed higher glucose incidence, hyperinsulinemia and higher insulin resistance (IR) in diabetic patients. Additionally, it has been noted that T2DM patients have low TSH concentrations and elevated blood concentrations of FT4 and FT3 than controls. Moreover, there was a highly significant correlation between serum FT4 and FT3 with values of FBG, insulin and IR. Also, a significant association between WC with insulin and Homa – Ir was noted. In conclusion, the diabetic patients showed significant relations with thyroid functions status.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF THYROID FUNCTION MARKERS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS IN RELATION TO INSULIN RESISTANCE","authors":"Pshtiwan K. Othman, Ismail S. Kakey","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1063","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM) and thyroid disorders are both caused by endocrine abnormalities, and both have been shown to have a reciprocal influence and frequently coexist. Hence, the current study aims to detect the thyroid functions markers among patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In this research study, 90 enrolled participants aged 40 to 60 years were taken as samples for the study. There were 66 with T2DM and 24 who were non diabetic healthy individual. All individuals were investigated in terms of age, gender, diabetes duration, glycemic control (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), diabetic complications, Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and family history of DM. Samples were to assess serum thyroid hormones (TSH, FT3 and FT4), HbA1c, FBG, and insulin levels. The study's findings showed higher glucose incidence, hyperinsulinemia and higher insulin resistance (IR) in diabetic patients. Additionally, it has been noted that T2DM patients have low TSH concentrations and elevated blood concentrations of FT4 and FT3 than controls. Moreover, there was a highly significant correlation between serum FT4 and FT3 with values of FBG, insulin and IR. Also, a significant association between WC with insulin and Homa – Ir was noted. In conclusion, the diabetic patients showed significant relations with thyroid functions status.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79085772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-28DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1059
Suzan B. Bapeer, D. Darwesh
The study was carried out to assess the effect of open dump site leachate on soil enzymes activity. Soil samples were collected in Kani-Qrzhala open dump site in Erbil city in four sites (Site1, Site2, Site3 and Site4) for different depths; surface ,30cm,60cm and 90 cm following the edge drainage pathway of leachate. The results of dehydrogenase, urease and catalase show a significant variation at significant levels (P⩽0.01) and (P⩽0.05) respectively. The highest rates of dehydrogenase, urease and catalase (77.69 µg TPF.g-1, 454.50 µg N.g-1, and 1.927µg H2O2.g-1), were recorded at surface point in all sites, while the lowest rates of all enzymes were recorded at 90 cm respectively, this is indicating that the soil depth adversely affected enzymes activity. Using oak tree wood and walnut shell biochar by 10% as a treatment to polluted soil, significantly increased enzymes activity. Walnut shell biochar was more suitable than oak tree wood biochar to catalase and urease activity, where urease was increased by 133.61% and catalase by 63.40%, while dehydrogenase activity was increased by 95.07% after using oak tree wood biochar which was more suitable than walnut shell biochar. This was related to the feedstock and technology production of biochar that affected on biochar structure and activity, however in this study, biochar application generally had a positive effect on enzymes activity and soil depth had an adverse effect.
{"title":"IMPACTS OF OPEN DUMPSITE LEACHATE ON SOIL ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY IN KANI-QRZHALA OPEN DUMPSITE – ERBIL CITY","authors":"Suzan B. Bapeer, D. Darwesh","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.2.1059","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to assess the effect of open dump site leachate on soil enzymes activity. Soil samples were collected in Kani-Qrzhala open dump site in Erbil city in four sites (Site1, Site2, Site3 and Site4) for different depths; surface ,30cm,60cm and 90 cm following the edge drainage pathway of leachate. The results of dehydrogenase, urease and catalase show a significant variation at significant levels (P⩽0.01) and (P⩽0.05) respectively. The highest rates of dehydrogenase, urease and catalase (77.69 µg TPF.g-1, 454.50 µg N.g-1, and 1.927µg H2O2.g-1), were recorded at surface point in all sites, while the lowest rates of all enzymes were recorded at 90 cm respectively, this is indicating that the soil depth adversely affected enzymes activity. Using oak tree wood and walnut shell biochar by 10% as a treatment to polluted soil, significantly increased enzymes activity. Walnut shell biochar was more suitable than oak tree wood biochar to catalase and urease activity, where urease was increased by 133.61% and catalase by 63.40%, while dehydrogenase activity was increased by 95.07% after using oak tree wood biochar which was more suitable than walnut shell biochar. This was related to the feedstock and technology production of biochar that affected on biochar structure and activity, however in this study, biochar application generally had a positive effect on enzymes activity and soil depth had an adverse effect.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77341047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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