Pub Date : 2023-10-29DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.4.1169
Karwan K. Hama Kareem, Siraj S. Abdulla
Several refinery complexes exist in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq that produce various kinds of petroleum products. During the refining process, different types of gases, metals, hydrocarbons, and liquids are discharged into the environment. This study aimed to determine the concentration of eight heavy metals in soil and plant leaves collected around the refineries along Erbil-Gwer Road on two occasions throughout the study period. Additionally, we aimed to evaluate the levels of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in the soil samples from the area. The results of the analysis revealed significant differences (P<0.05) in the concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr, As, and Mn between the dry and wet seasons in the soil samples. However, no significant differences were observed for Cu and Zn between the two seasons. The levels of metals for both periods were as follows: Mn> Cr> Zn> Ni> Cu> Pb> As> Cd in successive forms. Regarding the plant leaves, significant differences (P<0.05) were found between the study periods for Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd, whereas no significant differences were observed for the other metals. Furthermore, the concentration of TPH in the soil samples located alongside the refinery effluent stream was higher compared to the other areas.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS AND TOTAL PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN SOIL SAMPLES AND PLANT LEAVES AROUND OIL REFINERIES LOCATED ON ERBIL-GWER ROAD","authors":"Karwan K. Hama Kareem, Siraj S. Abdulla","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.4.1169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.4.1169","url":null,"abstract":"Several refinery complexes exist in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq that produce various kinds of petroleum products. During the refining process, different types of gases, metals, hydrocarbons, and liquids are discharged into the environment. This study aimed to determine the concentration of eight heavy metals in soil and plant leaves collected around the refineries along Erbil-Gwer Road on two occasions throughout the study period. Additionally, we aimed to evaluate the levels of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in the soil samples from the area. The results of the analysis revealed significant differences (P<0.05) in the concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr, As, and Mn between the dry and wet seasons in the soil samples. However, no significant differences were observed for Cu and Zn between the two seasons. The levels of metals for both periods were as follows: Mn> Cr> Zn> Ni> Cu> Pb> As> Cd in successive forms. Regarding the plant leaves, significant differences (P<0.05) were found between the study periods for Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd, whereas no significant differences were observed for the other metals. Furthermore, the concentration of TPH in the soil samples located alongside the refinery effluent stream was higher compared to the other areas.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136134596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.4.1165
Soleen J. Ibrahim, Ahmad B. Al-Khalil
The contactless bank card is a replica of the old fashion payment methods. The contactless card saves the customer a lot of time and effort because the cardholder can tap the card on the card reader instead of carrying a massive amount of cash or memorizing a long password. The transaction will be done in a few seconds, which is a magnificent technique for a very rush and speedy world like this. However, because the contactless card does not require a PIN or signature, it is vulnerable to different types of attacks, and the card can be used by every single person who has the card, even if they are not the real cardholder. Nevertheless, for each new problem, there is a unique solution. Hence this paper presents an innovative way to overcome this problem by embedding a fingerprint sensor into the contactless card to add an extra level of security by creating a virtual environment giving a contactless card and using a minutiae-based algorithm for fingerprint recognition in this contactless card. The work is evaluated based on accuracy using two metrics, false acceptance rate (FAR) and false rejection rate (FRR), algorithm’s matching time, and transaction time. This work shows a good result regarding the transaction time and the possibility of integrating the fingerprint into the contactless card. It displays how fingerprint image quality and features affect fingerprint authentication results. However, it also shows that minutiae-based techniques are not adequate when the dataset is relatively small and has data with low-quality and/or noisy data.
{"title":"FINGERPRINTS TO AUTHENTICATE TRANSACTIONS IN CONTACTLESS CARDS","authors":"Soleen J. Ibrahim, Ahmad B. Al-Khalil","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.4.1165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.4.1165","url":null,"abstract":"The contactless bank card is a replica of the old fashion payment methods. The contactless card saves the customer a lot of time and effort because the cardholder can tap the card on the card reader instead of carrying a massive amount of cash or memorizing a long password. The transaction will be done in a few seconds, which is a magnificent technique for a very rush and speedy world like this. However, because the contactless card does not require a PIN or signature, it is vulnerable to different types of attacks, and the card can be used by every single person who has the card, even if they are not the real cardholder. Nevertheless, for each new problem, there is a unique solution. Hence this paper presents an innovative way to overcome this problem by embedding a fingerprint sensor into the contactless card to add an extra level of security by creating a virtual environment giving a contactless card and using a minutiae-based algorithm for fingerprint recognition in this contactless card. The work is evaluated based on accuracy using two metrics, false acceptance rate (FAR) and false rejection rate (FRR), algorithm’s matching time, and transaction time. This work shows a good result regarding the transaction time and the possibility of integrating the fingerprint into the contactless card. It displays how fingerprint image quality and features affect fingerprint authentication results. However, it also shows that minutiae-based techniques are not adequate when the dataset is relatively small and has data with low-quality and/or noisy data.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136114258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.4.1161
Ibrahim M. Ibrahim, Amira B. Sallow
The popularity of using the Android operating system has increased the number of developers and intruders in this field. Many applications are developed in this area and perform malicious activities like ransomware attacks, installing backdoors, phishing, sending premium short message service, and stealing private data. These activities pose many threats to smartphone users. This study provides a review of the main strategies used in intrusion detection systems to detect malicious activities at the application and system levels. The study illustrates the advantages and disadvantages of each method and the significant features used to discriminate against malicious activities and highlights several open issues that warrant further investigation and improvement. It is a comprehensive review that may be useful for academic researchers interested in cybersecurity.
{"title":"GUARDING ANDROID: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF INTRUSION DETECTION TECHNIQUES FOR SMARTPHONES","authors":"Ibrahim M. Ibrahim, Amira B. Sallow","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.4.1161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.4.1161","url":null,"abstract":"The popularity of using the Android operating system has increased the number of developers and intruders in this field. Many applications are developed in this area and perform malicious activities like ransomware attacks, installing backdoors, phishing, sending premium short message service, and stealing private data. These activities pose many threats to smartphone users. This study provides a review of the main strategies used in intrusion detection systems to detect malicious activities at the application and system levels. The study illustrates the advantages and disadvantages of each method and the significant features used to discriminate against malicious activities and highlights several open issues that warrant further investigation and improvement. It is a comprehensive review that may be useful for academic researchers interested in cybersecurity.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136184894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-08DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.4.1156
Farhad S. Armishty
Background: G6PD deficiency, which affects 400 million individuals globally, is an X-linked hereditary enzymopathy that causes acute hemolysis after exposure to specific oxidative agents such as fava beans, more than 37 drugs, and infections viral or bacterial. Neonatal jaundice worsened by kernicterus is one of the condition's significant consequences. It can be prevented by avoiding the oxidative factors that cause a hemolytic episode alongside neonatal screening programs for early detection of afflicted individuals. Objectives: This research aimed at investigating the variability in clinical and biochemical manifestations among children with G6PDD. This is the first study to be carried out in the Zakho area. Methods: A cross-sectional study was used, recruiting 112 children attending Zakho Emergency Hospital from January 2022 to April 2023. Laboratory aids involved in obtaining CBC, liver enzyme activities, and blood grouping were all investigated. The IBM SPSS 26 program was used to analyze the obtained data. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between male and female patients in terms of age, time of admission, hemoglobin level, WBC count, and liver enzymes. The majority of cases who visited Zakho Emergency Hospital within 72 hours of exposure to the triggering agent were males (67.9%), with the most common clinical features being jaundice, dark urine, and abdominal pain. Conclusion: In this study, the three main symptoms in G6PD deficient patients with acute hemolysis were pallor, jaundice, and black urine. These signs appeared several hours or even days after consuming fava beans. The primary clinical symptoms and the patient's gender, family history, or prior newborn jaundice were not related, according to our research.
{"title":"A Study of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency among Children attending the Emergency Hospital in Zakho City Kurdistan Region, Iraq","authors":"Farhad S. Armishty","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.4.1156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.4.1156","url":null,"abstract":"Background: G6PD deficiency, which affects 400 million individuals globally, is an X-linked hereditary enzymopathy that causes acute hemolysis after exposure to specific oxidative agents such as fava beans, more than 37 drugs, and infections viral or bacterial. Neonatal jaundice worsened by kernicterus is one of the condition's significant consequences. It can be prevented by avoiding the oxidative factors that cause a hemolytic episode alongside neonatal screening programs for early detection of afflicted individuals. Objectives: This research aimed at investigating the variability in clinical and biochemical manifestations among children with G6PDD. This is the first study to be carried out in the Zakho area. Methods: A cross-sectional study was used, recruiting 112 children attending Zakho Emergency Hospital from January 2022 to April 2023. Laboratory aids involved in obtaining CBC, liver enzyme activities, and blood grouping were all investigated. The IBM SPSS 26 program was used to analyze the obtained data. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between male and female patients in terms of age, time of admission, hemoglobin level, WBC count, and liver enzymes. The majority of cases who visited Zakho Emergency Hospital within 72 hours of exposure to the triggering agent were males (67.9%), with the most common clinical features being jaundice, dark urine, and abdominal pain. Conclusion: In this study, the three main symptoms in G6PD deficient patients with acute hemolysis were pallor, jaundice, and black urine. These signs appeared several hours or even days after consuming fava beans. The primary clinical symptoms and the patient's gender, family history, or prior newborn jaundice were not related, according to our research.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135198223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-28DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.3.1150
Shilan A. Mohammed, Nawzat S. Ahmed
Preparing for exams in higher education can be challenging, and students often need help to assess their skills and competencies. This paper presents a self-assessment tool to improve students’ exam preparation and performance. The study involved collecting data from students before and after using the tool, which asked questions related to exam preparation strategies such as understanding the exam format, imagining potential test questions, and following directions carefully. The results were compared to assess the tool's effectiveness in improving students' exam skills. The findings showed a significant improvement in the student’s self-assessment and exam performance after using the tool. This paper provides an overview and comparison of existing e-learning management systems and self-assessment tools to highlight the unique features of the proposed tool. The self-assessment tool was designed and tested, with a pre-feedback and post-feedback evaluation of students' skills. Comparing pre and post results showed a statistically significant improvement in students' skills, leading to a notable shift in the percentage of responses. The "never" category experienced a considerable decrease of 27.91%, while the "always" category witnessed a substantial increase of 53.46%. These findings underscore the positive impact of the self-assessment tool on students' behaviors and attitudes toward exam preparation. Overall, this study showcases how self-assessment tools can effectively improve test readiness and outcomes in higher education.
{"title":"SELF-ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR IMPROVING STUDENT’S SKILLS REGARDING THE EXAMS IN HIGHER EDUCATION","authors":"Shilan A. Mohammed, Nawzat S. Ahmed","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.3.1150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.3.1150","url":null,"abstract":"Preparing for exams in higher education can be challenging, and students often need help to assess their skills and competencies. This paper presents a self-assessment tool to improve students’ exam preparation and performance. The study involved collecting data from students before and after using the tool, which asked questions related to exam preparation strategies such as understanding the exam format, imagining potential test questions, and following directions carefully. The results were compared to assess the tool's effectiveness in improving students' exam skills. The findings showed a significant improvement in the student’s self-assessment and exam performance after using the tool. This paper provides an overview and comparison of existing e-learning management systems and self-assessment tools to highlight the unique features of the proposed tool. The self-assessment tool was designed and tested, with a pre-feedback and post-feedback evaluation of students' skills. Comparing pre and post results showed a statistically significant improvement in students' skills, leading to a notable shift in the percentage of responses. The \"never\" category experienced a considerable decrease of 27.91%, while the \"always\" category witnessed a substantial increase of 53.46%. These findings underscore the positive impact of the self-assessment tool on students' behaviors and attitudes toward exam preparation. Overall, this study showcases how self-assessment tools can effectively improve test readiness and outcomes in higher education.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135344795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.3.1105
Scherko H. Murad, Ardalan H. Awlla, Brzu T. Moahmmed
Many people around the world have lung cancer. Lung cancer has a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. Through image recognition and data analytics, computers can play a significant role in detecting various types of cancer disease. This paper provides an effective method to predict lung cancer in an early stage with high accuracy ratio. This research proposed data analytics to determine the accuracy ratio of lung cancer patients using supervised machine learning algorithms (Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), and Random Forest (RF). The dataset for this study was obtained from "Data World," which contains 1,000 diseases. Machine learning algorithms enable us to identify lung cancer risk factors, which aid in diagnosing lung cancer. This study shows that those algorithms can classify lung cancer patients, with Random Forest having the highest accuracy of 98.507%.
{"title":"PREDICTION LUNG CANCER BASED CRITICAL FACTORS USING MACHINE LEARNING","authors":"Scherko H. Murad, Ardalan H. Awlla, Brzu T. Moahmmed","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.3.1105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.3.1105","url":null,"abstract":"Many people around the world have lung cancer. Lung cancer has a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. Through image recognition and data analytics, computers can play a significant role in detecting various types of cancer disease. This paper provides an effective method to predict lung cancer in an early stage with high accuracy ratio. This research proposed data analytics to determine the accuracy ratio of lung cancer patients using supervised machine learning algorithms (Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), and Random Forest (RF). The dataset for this study was obtained from \"Data World,\" which contains 1,000 diseases. Machine learning algorithms enable us to identify lung cancer risk factors, which aid in diagnosing lung cancer. This study shows that those algorithms can classify lung cancer patients, with Random Forest having the highest accuracy of 98.507%.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135817509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.3.1146
Ara F. Abdullah, Ikbal M. Albarznjii
Paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa) is considered as one of the world's fastest-growing species of trees and most widely used for commercial. This research was done as a factorial experiment in Koya city, Erbil, Iraq during 2021-2022 to study the effects of magnetic water (MW) at (0, 500,1000, 1500 and 2000) gauss and cadmium chloride (Cd) at (0, 3.33, 6.66 and 10 mg Kg-1soil) on some growth, physiological and biochemical properties of this plant. Results demonstrate that MW had non-significant differ regarding the survived and the velocity of cutting outgrowth compare to using tap water, whereas Cd application increased the velocity of cutting outgrowth. At least one of MW powers increased significantly each of plant leaf-area, stem diameter, shoot and root fresh weight and dry matter content, as well as all Cd concentrations increased the plants leaves number, leaf-area, stem diameter. Cd had more effects on roots than plant shoots, where it has non-significant effects on shoot high or dry matter, whereas it increased each of shoot and root fresh weight significantly compared to the control treatment. Low power MW (500 and 1000) gauss performed better than high powers (1500 and 2000) gauss in increasing the content of photosynthesis pigments. Utilizing magnetic water greatly enhanced total carotenoids and chlorophyll a, b, regardless to device power. Chlorophyll (a and b) were both significantly reduced by high Cd concentrations; however it was significantly increased at low concentrations as compared to other treatments. High power MW decreased significantly peroxidase enzyme activity and proline content whereas it decreased the percent of total carbohydrate compared to other treatments. Cd application decreased each of peroxidase enzyme activity, percent of total carbohydrate content, increased ascorbic acid and proline significantly in comparing to the control.
泡桐(Paulownia tomentosa)被认为是世界上增长最快的树种之一，也是商业用途最广泛的树种。本研究于2021-2022年在伊拉克埃尔比勒的Koya市进行了因子试验，研究了(0,500,1000,1500和2000)高斯磁水(MW)和(0,3.33,6.66和10 mg kg -1土壤)氯化镉(Cd)对该植物生长和生理生化特性的影响。结果表明，与自来水处理相比，MW处理对叶片成活率和生长速度的影响不显著，而Cd处理对叶片生长速度的影响显著。至少有一种MW浓度显著提高了植株叶面积、茎粗、地上部和根部鲜重和干物质含量，所有Cd浓度均显著提高了植株叶数、叶面积和茎粗。Cd对根的影响大于对茎高和干物质的影响，对茎高和干物质的影响不显著，但对茎重和根鲜重的影响均显著高于对照处理。低功率(500和1000)高斯比高功率(1500和2000)高斯在提高光合色素含量方面表现得更好。利用磁性水大大提高了总类胡萝卜素和叶绿素a, b，无论设备功率。叶绿素(a和b)在高镉浓度下均显著降低;然而，与其他处理相比，低浓度处理显著增加。与其他处理相比，高功率MW显著降低了过氧化物酶活性和脯氨酸含量，降低了总碳水化合物的百分比。施用镉显著降低了过氧化物酶活性和总碳水化合物含量，显著提高了抗坏血酸和脯氨酸含量。
{"title":"MAGNETIC WATER EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PAULOWNIA TOMENTOSA THUNB UNDER CADMIUM STRESS CONDITIONS","authors":"Ara F. Abdullah, Ikbal M. Albarznjii","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.3.1146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.3.1146","url":null,"abstract":"Paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa) is considered as one of the world's fastest-growing species of trees and most widely used for commercial. This research was done as a factorial experiment in Koya city, Erbil, Iraq during 2021-2022 to study the effects of magnetic water (MW) at (0, 500,1000, 1500 and 2000) gauss and cadmium chloride (Cd) at (0, 3.33, 6.66 and 10 mg Kg-1soil) on some growth, physiological and biochemical properties of this plant. Results demonstrate that MW had non-significant differ regarding the survived and the velocity of cutting outgrowth compare to using tap water, whereas Cd application increased the velocity of cutting outgrowth. At least one of MW powers increased significantly each of plant leaf-area, stem diameter, shoot and root fresh weight and dry matter content, as well as all Cd concentrations increased the plants leaves number, leaf-area, stem diameter. Cd had more effects on roots than plant shoots, where it has non-significant effects on shoot high or dry matter, whereas it increased each of shoot and root fresh weight significantly compared to the control treatment. Low power MW (500 and 1000) gauss performed better than high powers (1500 and 2000) gauss in increasing the content of photosynthesis pigments. Utilizing magnetic water greatly enhanced total carotenoids and chlorophyll a, b, regardless to device power. Chlorophyll (a and b) were both significantly reduced by high Cd concentrations; however it was significantly increased at low concentrations as compared to other treatments. High power MW decreased significantly peroxidase enzyme activity and proline content whereas it decreased the percent of total carbohydrate compared to other treatments. Cd application decreased each of peroxidase enzyme activity, percent of total carbohydrate content, increased ascorbic acid and proline significantly in comparing to the control.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136154145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.3.1112
Sanya S. Omar, Raghad Y. Mohammed
CuO nanoparticles are synthesized from Ferulago angulate leaf extract under different pH values. The structural, morphological, as well as optical properties of the green synthesized CuO NPs are studied. Besides, the functional groups in the Ferulago angulate stabilizer capping the copper nanoparticles were examined using FTIR spectra. The primary factor that led to the first confirmation of CuO NP production was the reaction mixture's color change. A phytochemical test revealed the presence of proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. FTIR spectrum shows a peak at 532.35 cm-1, this may be attributed to CuO's vibrations confirming the presence of copper oxide nanoparticles. XRD analysis shows the presence of crystalline monoclinic cupric oxide (CuO). The morphological study (FESEM) shows different morphology (different shapes and sizes) under different pH values. EDS data shows the O-richness of the prepared CuO NPs extracted from Ferulago angulate [ Schltdl.] BOISS leaf extract shows pure CuO phases. In this investigation, fabricated CuO's estimated energy band gap values were higher than those of bulk CuO. Results show Eg increment with increasing pH values.
{"title":"BIOSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CuO NANOPARTICLES USING DIFFERENT pH","authors":"Sanya S. Omar, Raghad Y. Mohammed","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.3.1112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.3.1112","url":null,"abstract":"CuO nanoparticles are synthesized from Ferulago angulate leaf extract under different pH values. The structural, morphological, as well as optical properties of the green synthesized CuO NPs are studied. Besides, the functional groups in the Ferulago angulate stabilizer capping the copper nanoparticles were examined using FTIR spectra. The primary factor that led to the first confirmation of CuO NP production was the reaction mixture's color change. A phytochemical test revealed the presence of proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. FTIR spectrum shows a peak at 532.35 cm-1, this may be attributed to CuO's vibrations confirming the presence of copper oxide nanoparticles. XRD analysis shows the presence of crystalline monoclinic cupric oxide (CuO). The morphological study (FESEM) shows different morphology (different shapes and sizes) under different pH values. EDS data shows the O-richness of the prepared CuO NPs extracted from Ferulago angulate [ Schltdl.] BOISS leaf extract shows pure CuO phases. In this investigation, fabricated CuO's estimated energy band gap values were higher than those of bulk CuO. Results show Eg increment with increasing pH values.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79026630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-20DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.3.1110
M. Abdulrazzaq, Shivan M. Othman
Health-related issues are a top priority for anyone in the world, and if there is any issue related to health, then solutions should be found as soon as possible. Medicine is one of the most important causes of recovery, so storing medicines of the highest possible quality is necessary. Storing medicines is very important for the hospital because they are used for hormones, viruses, and ointments, which are of great value to the hospital's sustainability and must always be preserved. This study designed and implemented a system to continuously control and monitor sensitive atmospheric information for drug storage, such as temperature, humidity, and light exposure. The system starts by reading the environment sensors around the drug store by the microcontroller. Then the microcontroller passes the data to the fuzzy logic. Mamdani-type fuzzy control is implemented to control and monitor devices that are used on fuzzy rules. The system has the ability to send an alarm when any of the temperature and humidity-related parameters are higher or lower than normal. The data collected using this system is sent via two methods: the first is the website platform, and the second is GSM notification. Drug storage is designed and implemented using a microcontroller and IoT sensors. During the system analysis phase, the SWOT method was utilized to obtain user perspectives and preferences, which were then incorporated into the system output specifications for the development phase. This approach helped to identify the necessary system requirements. During the implementation phase of the system and to measure the capabilities of the system, the technique of measuring the system usability scale was used, with the contribution of 22 users of the system, and the percentage recorded as general satisfaction with the system was 91%. The new system improves the overall quality of drug storage, reduces the risk of drug deterioration to patients' health, and reduces the incidence of adverse events associated with drug mismanagement.
{"title":"Drug Storage System based on Fuzzy Logic and the Internet of Things","authors":"M. Abdulrazzaq, Shivan M. Othman","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.3.1110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.3.1110","url":null,"abstract":"Health-related issues are a top priority for anyone in the world, and if there is any issue related to health, then solutions should be found as soon as possible. Medicine is one of the most important causes of recovery, so storing medicines of the highest possible quality is necessary. Storing medicines is very important for the hospital because they are used for hormones, viruses, and ointments, which are of great value to the hospital's sustainability and must always be preserved. This study designed and implemented a system to continuously control and monitor sensitive atmospheric information for drug storage, such as temperature, humidity, and light exposure. The system starts by reading the environment sensors around the drug store by the microcontroller. Then the microcontroller passes the data to the fuzzy logic. Mamdani-type fuzzy control is implemented to control and monitor devices that are used on fuzzy rules. The system has the ability to send an alarm when any of the temperature and humidity-related parameters are higher or lower than normal. The data collected using this system is sent via two methods: the first is the website platform, and the second is GSM notification. Drug storage is designed and implemented using a microcontroller and IoT sensors. During the system analysis phase, the SWOT method was utilized to obtain user perspectives and preferences, which were then incorporated into the system output specifications for the development phase. This approach helped to identify the necessary system requirements. During the implementation phase of the system and to measure the capabilities of the system, the technique of measuring the system usability scale was used, with the contribution of 22 users of the system, and the percentage recorded as general satisfaction with the system was 91%. The new system improves the overall quality of drug storage, reduces the risk of drug deterioration to patients' health, and reduces the incidence of adverse events associated with drug mismanagement.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82938232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.3.1145
A. A. Saleem, M. Hassan, I. Ali
Smart homes is an emerging technology that is transforming the way people live and interact with their homes. These homes are equipped with various devices and technologies that allow the homeowner to control, monitor, and automate various aspects of their home. This can include lighting, heating and cooling, security systems, and appliances. However, to enhance the efficiency of these homes, machine learning algorithms can be utilized to analyze the data generated from the home environment and adapt to user behaviors. This paper proposes a smart home system empowered by machine learning algorithms for enhanced user behavior prediction and automation. The proposed system is composed of three modes, including manual, automatic, and intelligent, with the objectives of maximizing security, minimizing human effort, reducing power consumption, and facilitating user interaction. The manual mode offers control and monitoring capabilities through a web-based user interface, accessible from anywhere and at any time. The automatic mode provides security alerts and appliances control to minimize human intervention. Additionally, the intelligent mode employs machine learning classification algorithms, such as decision tree, K-nearest neighbors, and multi-layer perceptron, to track and predict user actions, thereby reducing user intervention and providing additional comfort to homeowners. Experiments conducted employing the three classifiers resulted in accuracies of 97.4%, 97.22%, and 97.36%, respectively. The proposed smart home system can potentially enhance the quality of life for homeowners while reducing energy consumption and increasing security.
{"title":"INTELLIGENT HOME: EMPOWERING SMART HOME WITH MACHINE LEARNING FOR USER ACTION PREDICTION","authors":"A. A. Saleem, M. Hassan, I. Ali","doi":"10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.3.1145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2023.11.3.1145","url":null,"abstract":"Smart homes is an emerging technology that is transforming the way people live and interact with their homes. These homes are equipped with various devices and technologies that allow the homeowner to control, monitor, and automate various aspects of their home. This can include lighting, heating and cooling, security systems, and appliances. However, to enhance the efficiency of these homes, machine learning algorithms can be utilized to analyze the data generated from the home environment and adapt to user behaviors. This paper proposes a smart home system empowered by machine learning algorithms for enhanced user behavior prediction and automation. The proposed system is composed of three modes, including manual, automatic, and intelligent, with the objectives of maximizing security, minimizing human effort, reducing power consumption, and facilitating user interaction. The manual mode offers control and monitoring capabilities through a web-based user interface, accessible from anywhere and at any time. The automatic mode provides security alerts and appliances control to minimize human intervention. Additionally, the intelligent mode employs machine learning classification algorithms, such as decision tree, K-nearest neighbors, and multi-layer perceptron, to track and predict user actions, thereby reducing user intervention and providing additional comfort to homeowners. Experiments conducted employing the three classifiers resulted in accuracies of 97.4%, 97.22%, and 97.36%, respectively. The proposed smart home system can potentially enhance the quality of life for homeowners while reducing energy consumption and increasing security.","PeriodicalId":21627,"journal":{"name":"Science Journal of University of Zakho","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81347531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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