Development of industries in the human based area became source of ecological contamination through accumulation of various health hazard pollutants into the water. Water is highly imperative treasure for living creature on earth because of its too much importance in physiochemical and for people’s requirement. The objective of the current study is to synthesize the ecofriendly TiO2 nanoparticles using extract of pharmaceutically important plant Alhagimaurorum. The studies plant was collected locally. The TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared using the simple already reported method, by addition of TiO2 into the crude extract until change in color occurs. The synthesis was confirmed through UV-spectroscopic andFourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, shape and size of particles were measure using scanning electron microscope. The elemental presence was assured through energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometric analysis. The result showed that color change, band shift confirmed the successful synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles. Maximum synthesized nanoparticles were round in shape with varying in size. The waste water cleaning efficacy of prepared nanoparticles was analyzed. The prepared TiO2 nanoparticles significantly reduced the total dissolved salt contents and hardness of water. Therefore these synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles could be the best source for cleaning of waste water particularly hardness and total dissolved salts from waste water without spoiling quality of water.
{"title":"Green Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2 nanoparticles using extract of Alhagimaurorum for the Treatment of Waste Water","authors":"M. A. Kazi, Z. Memon, F. A. Shah, Z. M. Ali","doi":"10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.41","url":null,"abstract":"Development of industries in the human based area became source of ecological contamination through accumulation of various health hazard pollutants into the water. Water is highly imperative treasure for living creature on earth because of its too much importance in physiochemical and for people’s requirement. The objective of the current study is to synthesize the ecofriendly TiO2 nanoparticles using extract of pharmaceutically important plant Alhagimaurorum. The studies plant was collected locally. The TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared using the simple already reported method, by addition of TiO2 into the crude extract until change in color occurs. The synthesis was confirmed through UV-spectroscopic andFourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, shape and size of particles were measure using scanning electron microscope. The elemental presence was assured through energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometric analysis. The result showed that color change, band shift confirmed the successful synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles. Maximum synthesized nanoparticles were round in shape with varying in size. The waste water cleaning efficacy of prepared nanoparticles was analyzed. The prepared TiO2 nanoparticles significantly reduced the total dissolved salt contents and hardness of water. Therefore these synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles could be the best source for cleaning of waste water particularly hardness and total dissolved salts from waste water without spoiling quality of water.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89023519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Ali, S. Samsuri, Arjumand Bano Soomro, I. Brohi, Asadullah Shah
Electronic learning (e-learning) is the new form of learning which is established with Internet and its services. Instructive institutes address the new and modern learning requirements by adopting new developments in the field. In this paper author has presented the integrated hypothesized model for e-learning success among undergraduate students in the contexts of Pakistan. The integrated model is based on Technology acceptance model (TAM) and Delone and Mclean information success (D&M IS) model to examine the effect of quality features, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness on user’s intentions and satisfaction towards the usage of e-learning.
电子学习(e-learning)是伴随着互联网及其服务而建立起来的一种新的学习形式。教育机构通过采用该领域的新发展来满足新的和现代的学习要求。在本文中，作者提出了巴基斯坦背景下大学生电子学习成功的综合假设模型。综合模型以技术接受模型(TAM)和Delone and Mclean信息成功模型(D&M is)为基础，考察质量特征、感知易用性和感知有用性对用户使用电子学习的意图和满意度的影响。
{"title":"Investigating the usage of E-learning: An Integrated model of TAM and IS Success","authors":"N. Ali, S. Samsuri, Arjumand Bano Soomro, I. Brohi, Asadullah Shah","doi":"10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.30","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic learning (e-learning) is the new form of learning which is established with Internet and its services. Instructive institutes address the new and modern learning requirements by adopting new developments in the field. In this paper author has presented the integrated hypothesized model for e-learning success among undergraduate students in the contexts of Pakistan. The integrated model is based on Technology acceptance model (TAM) and Delone and Mclean information success (D&M IS) model to examine the effect of quality features, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness on user’s intentions and satisfaction towards the usage of e-learning.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89956680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Laghari, K. Dahri, S. Nizamani, M. Y. Koondhar, M. Hyder, Ahsanullah Abro
Software code quality is important specifically for the maintenance of the software. However, owing to many factors professional software developers accumulate a large amount of technical debt in their code bases. Students are no exception and they also commit code quality issues in their code. In this paper, we perform an exploratory analysis of student projects to understand which code quality issues are prevalent and more frequent. We find that almost all code quality issues are found in student projects. However, Code Style, Documentation, and Design are more frequently found than other issues.
{"title":"Identifying Code Quality issues in Student Projects","authors":"G. Laghari, K. Dahri, S. Nizamani, M. Y. Koondhar, M. Hyder, Ahsanullah Abro","doi":"10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.53","url":null,"abstract":"Software code quality is important specifically for the maintenance of the software. However, owing to many factors professional software developers accumulate a large amount of technical debt in their code bases. Students are no exception and they also commit code quality issues in their code. In this paper, we perform an exploratory analysis of student projects to understand which code quality issues are prevalent and more frequent. We find that almost all code quality issues are found in student projects. However, Code Style, Documentation, and Design are more frequently found than other issues.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83804215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Virtual Organizations (VOs) and Virtual Breeding Environments (VBEs) are resilient, dependable and fault-tolerant by virtue of being virtual in existence. In this article, Virtual Organization Modeling Language framework is evaluated against dependability and fault-tolerance aspects.
{"title":"Evaluating VOML Framework as a Dependable System","authors":"N. J. Rajper","doi":"10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.58","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual Organizations (VOs) and Virtual Breeding Environments (VBEs) are resilient, dependable and fault-tolerant by virtue of being virtual in existence. In this article, Virtual Organization Modeling Language framework is evaluated against dependability and fault-tolerance aspects.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"53 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76936137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ishteyaque, S. Jabeen, S. Abro, A. A. Ghani, S. Sikandar, Q. Saim
Daily huge amount of oil and gas (O&G) is consumed around the world which is mainly transported and distributed through pipelines. The integrity and safety of these pipelines is of primary interest for Oil & Gas companies, consultants, Government agencies, and other stakeholders due to adverse consequences and heavy financial losses in case of operational failure. HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study) is a widely used technique for the identification of process hazards in the design and operation of a facility. The main objective of this work is to analyze the hazards of existing gas & oil transportation plant located in a rural area of Pakistan. A detailed study was conducted by a team of 4-5 professional Engineers and identified the hazards by using specific guide words afterward, proper safety measure was suggested. The whole study was carried out in 6-9 months. After detailed HAZOP study in gas processing unit about 14 risks were identified. Out of which only 01 risk is unacceptable and 03 are undesirable that should be mitigated to risk rank 3, the others are acceptable with controls. Based on which about 13 safety measures were recommended and most of them about 53% include regular or periodic checkups and maintenance. This article presents the cause and work stream of HAZOP and gives real case study for the utilization of HAZOP in gas processing fields. This study reveals the deviation occurs in the incoming gas flow pipeline which causes the plant to shut down and increases the downtime in production.
{"title":"Hazard and Operability Study of Gas Exploration Field Located in Pakistan","authors":"S. Ishteyaque, S. Jabeen, S. Abro, A. A. Ghani, S. Sikandar, Q. Saim","doi":"10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.33","url":null,"abstract":"Daily huge amount of oil and gas (O&G) is consumed around the world which is mainly transported and distributed through pipelines. The integrity and safety of these pipelines is of primary interest for Oil & Gas companies, consultants, Government agencies, and other stakeholders due to adverse consequences and heavy financial losses in case of operational failure. HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study) is a widely used technique for the identification of process hazards in the design and operation of a facility. The main objective of this work is to analyze the hazards of existing gas & oil transportation plant located in a rural area of Pakistan. A detailed study was conducted by a team of 4-5 professional Engineers and identified the hazards by using specific guide words afterward, proper safety measure was suggested. The whole study was carried out in 6-9 months. After detailed HAZOP study in gas processing unit about 14 risks were identified. Out of which only 01 risk is unacceptable and 03 are undesirable that should be mitigated to risk rank 3, the others are acceptable with controls. Based on which about 13 safety measures were recommended and most of them about 53% include regular or periodic checkups and maintenance. This article presents the cause and work stream of HAZOP and gives real case study for the utilization of HAZOP in gas processing fields. This study reveals the deviation occurs in the incoming gas flow pipeline which causes the plant to shut down and increases the downtime in production.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86535175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-06DOI: 10.26692/SUJO/2019.01.08
M. K. Shaikh
A cue-driven retrospection (CDR) method is presented here that is developed for modeling the decision making process of naturalistic decision makers. The method is obtained from analysis of data obtained for nonroutine situations from fireground incident commanders and focuses on the use of cues instead of patterns. The method revolves around the tenet that in no routine situations, the decision makers think in a bottom-up fashion using the important, relevant and diagnostic cues intuitively (Shaikh, 2011); the method intends to capture the arguments that the firefighters give to term or not term a cue important, relevant and diagnostic. The thematic analysis of data gathered for Shaikh (2011) gave rise to this method. For testing the method, a total of 12 firefighters were asked to recall an incident that was of no routine nature and they were asked to fill the CDR template. The firefighters were provided a set of cues to assist in the activity and extract more mentally. The results shows that the firefighters were able to identify the relevance, importance and diagnosticity of cues. The CDR method can be used for naturalistic decision makers as well as for professionals such as design engineers, paramedics, and computer programmers etc. The method can be used for developing decision support systems, evaluating performance of decision makers, as certaining areas where more training is required, and for investigating the decision making process. This research in itself is one of its kind because fire brigade in Pakistan is mostly unexplored and how firefighters make decisions in the absence of even water and other basic resources needs to be investigated. Moreover this researcher found them highly non cooperative in this research endeavor.
{"title":"CUE-driven Retrospection–a data Capturing Technique","authors":"M. K. Shaikh","doi":"10.26692/SUJO/2019.01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SUJO/2019.01.08","url":null,"abstract":"A cue-driven retrospection (CDR) method is presented here that is developed for modeling the decision making process of naturalistic decision makers. The method is obtained from analysis of data obtained for nonroutine situations from fireground incident commanders and focuses on the use of cues instead of patterns. The method revolves around the tenet that in no routine situations, the decision makers think in a bottom-up fashion using the important, relevant and diagnostic cues intuitively (Shaikh, 2011); the method intends to capture the arguments that the firefighters give to term or not term a cue important, relevant and diagnostic. The thematic analysis of data gathered for Shaikh (2011) gave rise to this method. For testing the method, a total of 12 firefighters were asked to recall an incident that was of no routine nature and they were asked to fill the CDR template. The firefighters were provided a set of cues to assist in the activity and extract more mentally. The results shows that the firefighters were able to identify the relevance, importance and diagnosticity of cues. The CDR method can be used for naturalistic decision makers as well as for professionals such as design engineers, paramedics, and computer programmers etc. The method can be used for developing decision support systems, evaluating performance of decision makers, as certaining areas where more training is required, and for investigating the decision making process. This research in itself is one of its kind because fire brigade in Pakistan is mostly unexplored and how firefighters make decisions in the absence of even water and other basic resources needs to be investigated. Moreover this researcher found them highly non cooperative in this research endeavor.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75583458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-06DOI: 10.26692/SUJO/2019.01.04
S. Afridi, A. A. Jamali, M. Anjum, A. Samejo
This work presents the 3rd order ceramic waveguide filters with improved stopband performance. The idea utilizes ceramic loaded resonators with different permittivity’s and TEM loading. The overall response spreads out the higher order resonances by integrating the effects of different 𝜀𝑟 and TEM without affecting the overall performance of a filter. The simulated results of a 3rd order ceramic loaded waveguide filter is presented, which is in good agreement with the idea.
{"title":"Spurious Suppression of Ceramic loaded filter with different Ceramic Permittivity","authors":"S. Afridi, A. A. Jamali, M. Anjum, A. Samejo","doi":"10.26692/SUJO/2019.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SUJO/2019.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the 3rd order ceramic waveguide filters with improved stopband performance. The idea utilizes ceramic loaded resonators with different permittivity’s and TEM loading. The overall response spreads out the higher order resonances by integrating the effects of different 𝜀𝑟 and TEM without affecting the overall performance of a filter. The simulated results of a 3rd order ceramic loaded waveguide filter is presented, which is in good agreement with the idea.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"478 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79948336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-06DOI: 10.26692/SUJO/2019.01.18
A. Jatt, B. Waryani, S. A. Tunio, S. Memon, T. A. Arain
Aquaculture products can anchorage several pathogenic bacterial species, which are known as part of the micro-flora of the environment. The pathogenic bacteria associated with fish can be transmitted to humans as a food source or by handling. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify pathogenic bacteria associated with diseased fish in aquarium. Sampling was carried out under aseptic conditions following standard protocol. Bacterial growth was obtained on different growth media. Total 26 bacterial species were isolated and identified on the basis of cultural, morphological, staining reactions and biochemical analysis. Of the 26 bacterial species, Escherichia coli was the most common bacterium accounting 34.62% (n=09) followed by Aeromonas salmonicida 30.77% (n=08), Staphylococcus aureus 23.07% (n=06) and Salmonella typhi 11.54% (n=03). The isolation of pathogenic bacterial species from fish samples may represent high risk for development of lethal infections in humans utilizing such contaminated/diseased fish as a food source. In summary, the present study has revealed the presence of pathogenic bacterial species in diseased aqua fish. It is therefore suggested to take authentic measures to limit the access of bacterial pathogens in fish acquirams.
{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria Associated with Diseased Fish Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham) in Glass Aquarium","authors":"A. Jatt, B. Waryani, S. A. Tunio, S. Memon, T. A. Arain","doi":"10.26692/SUJO/2019.01.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SUJO/2019.01.18","url":null,"abstract":"Aquaculture products can anchorage several pathogenic bacterial species, which are known as part of the micro-flora of the environment. The pathogenic bacteria associated with fish can be transmitted to humans as a food source or by handling. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify pathogenic bacteria associated with diseased fish in aquarium. Sampling was carried out under aseptic conditions following standard protocol. Bacterial growth was obtained on different growth media. Total 26 bacterial species were isolated and identified on the basis of cultural, morphological, staining reactions and biochemical analysis. Of the 26 bacterial species, Escherichia coli was the most common bacterium accounting 34.62% (n=09) followed by Aeromonas salmonicida 30.77% (n=08), Staphylococcus aureus 23.07% (n=06) and Salmonella typhi 11.54% (n=03). The isolation of pathogenic bacterial species from fish samples may represent high risk for development of lethal infections in humans utilizing such contaminated/diseased fish as a food source. In summary, the present study has revealed the presence of pathogenic bacterial species in diseased aqua fish. It is therefore suggested to take authentic measures to limit the access of bacterial pathogens in fish acquirams.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82264568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-06DOI: 10.26692/SUJO/2019.01.28
S. Meghwar, G. M. Mastoi, K. F. Almani, K. Lashari
The drought diastrophic instigated over the plant existences in the Thar Desert. While exploiting precisely of the SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) and SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) for the climatic model, shows rainfall fluctuation and a gradual significant decrease led to Plant extinction. The result of Meteorological data indicated rainfall decreased in the range of 100-200mm during late twentieth century. This research suggested a new intuition of determine the period of temporal correlation between drought and rainfall. From research perspective it’s a significant finding which contributes to the aftermath as to how plant species eradicated from the region.
{"title":"Drought and its Extermination of the Diastrophic Plants in the TharDesert, Pakistan","authors":"S. Meghwar, G. M. Mastoi, K. F. Almani, K. Lashari","doi":"10.26692/SUJO/2019.01.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SUJO/2019.01.28","url":null,"abstract":"The drought diastrophic instigated over the plant existences in the Thar Desert. While exploiting precisely of the SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) and SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) for the climatic model, shows rainfall fluctuation and a gradual significant decrease led to Plant extinction. The result of Meteorological data indicated rainfall decreased in the range of 100-200mm during late twentieth century. This research suggested a new intuition of determine the period of temporal correlation between drought and rainfall. From research perspective it’s a significant finding which contributes to the aftermath as to how plant species eradicated from the region.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86078356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-06DOI: 10.26692/SUJO/2019.01.24
A. A. Khan, A. Burdi, S. Awan, H. Shah, F. Abbasi
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major disease spreading whole over the world. TB caused by bacteria known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nowadays, TB is increasing widely in the region of Karachi and now it’s becoming a challenging task for all researchers. The process is to partitioning digital image into different segments according to the set of pixels known as image segmentation. It’s used to find segments & extract meaningful information of an image. Image segmentation approaches are providing new ways in the field of medical and it’s exactly suitable for TB images, block-based & layer-based segmentation helps to identify edges, thresholding regional growth, clustering, water shading, erosion & dilation, utilizing histogram for the betterment of TB patients. Chest X-ray is playing a vital role to diagnose TB rapidly. TB image contains binary colors, it’s either black & white but it would have been different level of the color shades. Diagnosing symptoms and intensity of TB in a patients’ x-ray is such a critical problem. The purposed solution is to overcome the problem and reduce the ratio of TB patients in Karachi region by using image segmentation approaches on chest X-ray and calculates the alternative way to detect the intensity level of TB in individual patient’s report with effectively, efficiently & accurately with minimum amount of time by using Python Open CV.
结核病(TB)是全球流行的主要疾病之一。由结核分枝杆菌引起的结核病。如今，结核病在卡拉奇地区正在广泛增加，现在它已成为所有研究人员面临的一项具有挑战性的任务。该过程是根据称为图像分割的像素集将数字图像划分为不同的段。它用于寻找图像的片段和提取有意义的信息。图像分割方法为医学领域提供了新的方法，它非常适用于结核病图像，基于块和基于层的分割有助于识别边缘，阈值区域增长，聚类，水阴影，侵蚀和扩张，利用直方图来改善结核病患者。胸部x光在快速诊断结核病方面发挥着至关重要的作用。TB图像包含二进制颜色，它是黑色和白色，但它会有不同层次的颜色深浅。在病人的x光片中诊断结核病的症状和强度是一个非常关键的问题。目的解决方案是通过使用胸部x射线的图像分割方法来克服问题并降低卡拉奇地区结核病患者的比例，并通过使用Python Open CV计算出在最短时间内有效，高效和准确地检测个体患者报告中结核病强度水平的替代方法。
{"title":"Image Segmentation Approach Using Python OpenCV to Detect Tuberculosis","authors":"A. A. Khan, A. Burdi, S. Awan, H. Shah, F. Abbasi","doi":"10.26692/SUJO/2019.01.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SUJO/2019.01.24","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major disease spreading whole over the world. TB caused by bacteria known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nowadays, TB is increasing widely in the region of Karachi and now it’s becoming a challenging task for all researchers. The process is to partitioning digital image into different segments according to the set of pixels known as image segmentation. It’s used to find segments & extract meaningful information of an image. Image segmentation approaches are providing new ways in the field of medical and it’s exactly suitable for TB images, block-based & layer-based segmentation helps to identify edges, thresholding regional growth, clustering, water shading, erosion & dilation, utilizing histogram for the betterment of TB patients. Chest X-ray is playing a vital role to diagnose TB rapidly. TB image contains binary colors, it’s either black & white but it would have been different level of the color shades. Diagnosing symptoms and intensity of TB in a patients’ x-ray is such a critical problem. The purposed solution is to overcome the problem and reduce the ratio of TB patients in Karachi region by using image segmentation approaches on chest X-ray and calculates the alternative way to detect the intensity level of TB in individual patient’s report with effectively, efficiently & accurately with minimum amount of time by using Python Open CV.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83955021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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