Pub Date : 2019-06-19DOI: 10.26692/SUJO/2019.06.31
N. Arshad, S. Farooq, M. Ara, A. Batool
Polychaetes are one of the most abundant group of macrobenthos at tropical beaches and considered as important tools to monitor physical health of intertidal systems. A total of 96 sediment samples were collected in duplicate from four stations at Sandspit and Hawksbay beach during 2013-2014. At each station 2 replicate quadrates of 0.25 m2 were excavated up to a depth of 10 cm and the collected sand was immediately sieved by using 0.5 mm mesh sieve. Six polychaete species Cossuracoasta, Magelonacincta, Ophelinacylindricaudata, O. norvegica, Glyceralongipinnis and Glycindeoligodon are recorded for the first time from coastal sediments of Karachi coast. Highest abundance of polychaeteworms were recorded during northeast monsoon season.
{"title":"Seasonal distribution of six newly recorded marinepolychaetes from Karachi Coast","authors":"N. Arshad, S. Farooq, M. Ara, A. Batool","doi":"10.26692/SUJO/2019.06.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SUJO/2019.06.31","url":null,"abstract":"Polychaetes are one of the most abundant group of macrobenthos at tropical beaches and considered as important tools to monitor physical health of intertidal systems. A total of 96 sediment samples were collected in duplicate from four stations at Sandspit and Hawksbay beach during 2013-2014. At each station 2 replicate quadrates of 0.25 m2 were excavated up to a depth of 10 cm and the collected sand was immediately sieved by using 0.5 mm mesh sieve. Six polychaete species Cossuracoasta, Magelonacincta, Ophelinacylindricaudata, O. norvegica, Glyceralongipinnis and Glycindeoligodon are recorded for the first time from coastal sediments of Karachi coast. Highest abundance of polychaeteworms were recorded during northeast monsoon season.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90083791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Nasir, Mahawish Mahawish, S. S. Zia, M. Naseem, I. Mala
With rapid growth of internet applications and communication technologies, more users/devices are entering into the network. The security of these devices and networks is a major concern. An intrusion detection system is a software or hardware tool, which monitors the packet for malicious activity. Various tools and techniques are used for Intrusion detection. This paper presents classification of different IDS, the efforts has been made to put forward a review and comparison of Intrusion detection tools and techniques that are in use today, then bibliometric analysis is performed to locate the trends of IDS tools in the research community in the end a generic framework for developing a hybrid network intrusion detection system is proposed.
{"title":"Intrusion Detection: Tools, Techniques and Trends","authors":"H. Nasir, Mahawish Mahawish, S. S. Zia, M. Naseem, I. Mala","doi":"10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.43","url":null,"abstract":"With rapid growth of internet applications and communication technologies, more users/devices are entering into the network. The security of these devices and networks is a major concern. An intrusion detection system is a software or hardware tool, which monitors the packet for malicious activity. Various tools and techniques are used for Intrusion detection. This paper presents classification of different IDS, the efforts has been made to put forward a review and comparison of Intrusion detection tools and techniques that are in use today, then bibliometric analysis is performed to locate the trends of IDS tools in the research community in the end a generic framework for developing a hybrid network intrusion detection system is proposed.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88533642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Memon, J. Baloch, M. I. Memon, R. A. Leghari, H. K. Kunbhar, N. A. Korejo, A. Sethar, J. Soomro, S. A. Soomro, D. H. Kalhoro, A. B. Kachiwal, B. Kanwal, T. Jamel, J. A. Shaikh
The prevalence of the clinical and sub clinical mastitis in Camelus dromedaries (n=488) was determined along with their causes and risk factors involved in around coastal mangroves areas of upper Sindh. Eighty-two households were selected on the basis of holding milking camel. The milk samples collected aseptically were 1190 from clinical and 378 from sub clinical out of total 1568 samples. To assess the prevalence all these samples were screened for California Mastitis Test (CMT), Surf Test and White Side Test and bacterial culture. Out of 1568 cultured quarter milk samples, 138 found positive for clinical 11.59% (138/1190) and 22.75% (86/378)for subclinical mastitis. At animal (camel) level the prevalence of clinical 50.61% (165/220) and subclinical mastitis was 33.95% (55/220camels).It was concluded that, an overall infection rate is higher in the right fore quarter (36%) as compare to left fore quarter (27%), Similarly the higher infection rate is found in right hind quarter (20%) then left hind quarter (18%) for clinical and sub clinical mastitis. Staphylococcus aureus gram-positive bacterium was observed predominant with a prevalence of 29.26% (48/164) and Staphylococcus epidermidis 23.78% (39/164) followed by gram-negative Escherichia coli with prevalence of 20.12% (33/164). Streptococcus agalactiae and Bacillus spp. were the fourth and fifth predominant isolates with prevalence of 13.41% and 8.55% (22/163 & 14/164) respectively. Corynebacterium was the least isolates with 4.88% prevalence. An overall 30.2% (116/384) prevalence of camel mastitis was recorded with clinical mastitis 25.3% (97) and sub- clinical mastitis 4.9% (19/384). The overall prevalence was 25.8% (397/1536) in all quarters of buffaloes. The isolated organisms were analyzed for antibiogram assay using 12 commonly used antibiotics and enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, gentamicin, and kanamycin were found most effective antimicrobials amongst all tested drugs. These results exhibited a high prevalence of mastitis in dromedary camels with significant antimicrobial resistance of bacterial pathogens. Therefore, proper prevention and control strategies are warranted in the area to minimize the economic losses of camel farmers and to avoid public health hazards.
{"title":"A study on prevalence of bacteriological mastitis in dromedary camels (Camelusdromedarius) and its Antibiogram Profile","authors":"M. Memon, J. Baloch, M. I. Memon, R. A. Leghari, H. K. Kunbhar, N. A. Korejo, A. Sethar, J. Soomro, S. A. Soomro, D. H. Kalhoro, A. B. Kachiwal, B. Kanwal, T. Jamel, J. A. Shaikh","doi":"10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.40","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of the clinical and sub clinical mastitis in Camelus dromedaries (n=488) was determined along with their causes and risk factors involved in around coastal mangroves areas of upper Sindh. Eighty-two households were selected on the basis of holding milking camel. The milk samples collected aseptically were 1190 from clinical and 378 from sub clinical out of total 1568 samples. To assess the prevalence all these samples were screened for California Mastitis Test (CMT), Surf Test and White Side Test and bacterial culture. Out of 1568 cultured quarter milk samples, 138 found positive for clinical 11.59% (138/1190) and 22.75% (86/378)for subclinical mastitis. At animal (camel) level the prevalence of clinical 50.61% (165/220) and subclinical mastitis was 33.95% (55/220camels).It was concluded that, an overall infection rate is higher in the right fore quarter (36%) as compare to left fore quarter (27%), Similarly the higher infection rate is found in right hind quarter (20%) then left hind quarter (18%) for clinical and sub clinical mastitis. Staphylococcus aureus gram-positive bacterium was observed predominant with a prevalence of 29.26% (48/164) and Staphylococcus epidermidis 23.78% (39/164) followed by gram-negative Escherichia coli with prevalence of 20.12% (33/164). Streptococcus agalactiae and Bacillus spp. were the fourth and fifth predominant isolates with prevalence of 13.41% and 8.55% (22/163 & 14/164) respectively. Corynebacterium was the least isolates with 4.88% prevalence. An overall 30.2% (116/384) prevalence of camel mastitis was recorded with clinical mastitis 25.3% (97) and sub- clinical mastitis 4.9% (19/384). The overall prevalence was 25.8% (397/1536) in all quarters of buffaloes. The isolated organisms were analyzed for antibiogram assay using 12 commonly used antibiotics and enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, gentamicin, and kanamycin were found most effective antimicrobials amongst all tested drugs. These results exhibited a high prevalence of mastitis in dromedary camels with significant antimicrobial resistance of bacterial pathogens. Therefore, proper prevention and control strategies are warranted in the area to minimize the economic losses of camel farmers and to avoid public health hazards.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83520312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Channer, K. Memon, A. A. Ghoto, A. Siddiqui, S. F. Shah
>The present work analyses the study of thin film flow of a steady, incompressible, non-isothermal under the influence of variable viscosity for Phan Thien Tanner fluid on a vertical belt. We have derived the basic governing non-linear differential equation as of the continuity and momentum equation. Then we have used Perturbation technique to solve resulting equation. Reynold model is used for temperature dependent viscosity. The upper convected Maxwell (UCM), linear PTT (LPTT) and quadratic PTT (QPTT) models have been solved from this considered model. Interpretation for “velocity profile, temperature distribution, volume flow rate and average velocity” has been obtained in this case. Consequence of distinct parameters on “velocity profile” and “temperature distribution” are shown graphically and therefore the comparison is also given for velocity and temperature distribution for all the special cases of PTT by using tables.
{"title":"Analytical Solutionof Lift for Thin Film Flow for Phan Thien Tanner Fluid","authors":"S. Channer, K. Memon, A. A. Ghoto, A. Siddiqui, S. F. Shah","doi":"10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.37","url":null,"abstract":">The present work analyses the study of thin film flow of a steady, incompressible, non-isothermal under the influence of variable viscosity for Phan Thien Tanner fluid on a vertical belt. We have derived the basic governing non-linear differential equation as of the continuity and momentum equation. Then we have used Perturbation technique to solve resulting equation. Reynold model is used for temperature dependent viscosity. The upper convected Maxwell (UCM), linear PTT (LPTT) and quadratic PTT (QPTT) models have been solved from this considered model. Interpretation for “velocity profile, temperature distribution, volume flow rate and average velocity” has been obtained in this case. Consequence of distinct parameters on “velocity profile” and “temperature distribution” are shown graphically and therefore the comparison is also given for velocity and temperature distribution for all the special cases of PTT by using tables.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78440077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water resources are the major segments of the sustainable development in any region of the world.The current study identifies the hill torrents and groundwater resourcesin the Kohistan region of district Jamshoro, Sindh province of Pakistan. The study area is a hilly, mountainous range with arid to semi-arid climatic conditions, the high altitude do not allow the source of perennial/canal system, and depending on source of precipitation. Remote sensing data of Alos DEM of 30-meter resolution were obtained throughUSGS earth explorer official website. Shape filewas developed through the Google Earth Pro and ArcGIStechnique. HEC-GeoHMS was used to obtain hill torrents through processing tools and the stream definition was automated fixed to delineate the watershed area covering >= 75 km2.IdentifiedThe Groundwater resource into two categories of dug well and deep well. The study showed various ranges in the length of hill torrents 0.12 to 43.30 km, the depth of dug well aquifer 08.23-33.50 and deep well 91.50 to 164 meters in the region. Due to some research limitations the number 52 hill torrents, 33 dug wells and 11 deep wells were identified. Hill torrents carry runoff for the least period of rainy days, the torrential beds percolate the runoff and recharge shallow aquifers in the region, while deep aquifers recharges through adjoining watersheds. Water resourcepotential in the study area could be established by efficient heavy machinery to strengthening the torrential beds, and farms periphery bund structures, channelize watercourses, developed different ranges of ponds and reservoirs to capture floodwater, which enhance the recharge capacity of groundwater and introduce a high efficiency irrigation system in the study area. The spatial variation of water resources through modeling assessment has a major importance in the planning and development. Remote Sensing and GIS techniques enable the analysis with accurate results by consuming short time.
{"title":"Identifying the hill torrents and Groundwater Resources for a remote area of District Jamshoro using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System","authors":"A. Memon, K. Ansari, A. Ashraf, A. G. Soomro","doi":"10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.50","url":null,"abstract":"Water resources are the major segments of the sustainable development in any region of the world.The current study identifies the hill torrents and groundwater resourcesin the Kohistan region of district Jamshoro, Sindh province of Pakistan. The study area is a hilly, mountainous range with arid to semi-arid climatic conditions, the high altitude do not allow the source of perennial/canal system, and depending on source of precipitation. Remote sensing data of Alos DEM of 30-meter resolution were obtained throughUSGS earth explorer official website. Shape filewas developed through the Google Earth Pro and ArcGIStechnique. HEC-GeoHMS was used to obtain hill torrents through processing tools and the stream definition was automated fixed to delineate the watershed area covering >= 75 km2.IdentifiedThe Groundwater resource into two categories of dug well and deep well. The study showed various ranges in the length of hill torrents 0.12 to 43.30 km, the depth of dug well aquifer 08.23-33.50 and deep well 91.50 to 164 meters in the region. Due to some research limitations the number 52 hill torrents, 33 dug wells and 11 deep wells were identified. Hill torrents carry runoff for the least period of rainy days, the torrential beds percolate the runoff and recharge shallow aquifers in the region, while deep aquifers recharges through adjoining watersheds. Water resourcepotential in the study area could be established by efficient heavy machinery to strengthening the torrential beds, and farms periphery bund structures, channelize watercourses, developed different ranges of ponds and reservoirs to capture floodwater, which enhance the recharge capacity of groundwater and introduce a high efficiency irrigation system in the study area. The spatial variation of water resources through modeling assessment has a major importance in the planning and development. Remote Sensing and GIS techniques enable the analysis with accurate results by consuming short time.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82508225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The interdisciplinary domain Data Science exists ubiquitously for helping to filter out status of the passive data existing over the internet through analytics techniques on Big Data. In fact, it is intricate procedure of exploring different data set to disclose facts including hidden pattern, unidentified correlations and market trend that could assist organizations make business verdicts by predicting. A number of experts are working on vegetables and fruits yield prediction, the analysis of rice yield prediction using regression analysis with Python language is presented in this paper. The rice data of District Larkana is collected from Agriculture Statistic Department, Islamabad with three factors: Area under Cultivation, Production and Yield. The linear regression technique is applied to calculate the relationship between the Area under Cultivation (Independent) and its effect on Yield (Dependent). The positive, moderate and significant relationship is observed between the dependent and independent variables. This study can helps to researchers for knowing the worth of analytics techniques for prediction of harvest.
{"title":"Regression Analysis of Rice Data for Yield Prediction Using Python Programming Language","authors":"I. A. Supro, J. Mahar, A. Maitlo","doi":"10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.32","url":null,"abstract":"The interdisciplinary domain Data Science exists ubiquitously for helping to filter out status of the passive data existing over the internet through analytics techniques on Big Data. In fact, it is intricate procedure of exploring different data set to disclose facts including hidden pattern, unidentified correlations and market trend that could assist organizations make business verdicts by predicting. A number of experts are working on vegetables and fruits yield prediction, the analysis of rice yield prediction using regression analysis with Python language is presented in this paper. The rice data of District Larkana is collected from Agriculture Statistic Department, Islamabad with three factors: Area under Cultivation, Production and Yield. The linear regression technique is applied to calculate the relationship between the Area under Cultivation (Independent) and its effect on Yield (Dependent). The positive, moderate and significant relationship is observed between the dependent and independent variables. This study can helps to researchers for knowing the worth of analytics techniques for prediction of harvest.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"445 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77415580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Road safety accompanying the growing numbers of Road Traffic Deaths (RTDs), is an alarming issue of the present century which is also recognized in WHO agenda-2030. All countries across the globe are facing this issue, but it pertains in developing world where rapid motorization results into high mortality rates. This study considered Pakistan, a developing country from Global south to discuss the issue of RTDs and its relationship with rapid vehicle growth. The objective of the study is to highlight the present situation of road safety especially RTDs and develop models to identify the possible impacts of vehicle growth on RTDs. Linear Regression was performed to develop three models to explain RTDs vs registered vehicle, registered motor cars and registered motorcycles respectively. Descriptive statistics shows the increasing trend of all selected variables which further explained by liner regression equation. Results indicates that annual proportional change in RTDs explain by total registered vehicles, motor cars and motorcycles are 84%, 66% and 80% respectively and comparatively motor cars, motorcycles contributing more arise of RTDs. Study highlights the need of attention towards RTDs and provide models to predict increasing RTDs with vehicle growth. Study is significant as it highlights present situati
{"title":"Effected Road Traffic Deaths over rising Vehicle Growth a Linear relation: A Case of KPK, Pakistan","authors":"S. Shaikh, F. Baig, S. Kalwar","doi":"10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.44","url":null,"abstract":"Road safety accompanying the growing numbers of Road Traffic Deaths (RTDs), is an alarming issue of the present century which is also recognized in WHO agenda-2030. All countries across the globe are facing this issue, but it pertains in developing world where rapid motorization results into high mortality rates. This study considered Pakistan, a developing country from Global south to discuss the issue of RTDs and its relationship with rapid vehicle growth. The objective of the study is to highlight the present situation of road safety especially RTDs and develop models to identify the possible impacts of vehicle growth on RTDs. Linear Regression was performed to develop three models to explain RTDs vs registered vehicle, registered motor cars and registered motorcycles respectively. Descriptive statistics shows the increasing trend of all selected variables which further explained by liner regression equation. Results indicates that annual proportional change in RTDs explain by total registered vehicles, motor cars and motorcycles are 84%, 66% and 80% respectively and comparatively motor cars, motorcycles contributing more arise of RTDs. Study highlights the need of attention towards RTDs and provide models to predict increasing RTDs with vehicle growth. Study is significant as it highlights present situati","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78439517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents the development and experimental analysis of a triple band dielectric resonator antenna (DRA). The ground plane and feeding line was printed on FR-4 substrate. The antenna has been excited using aperture coupling. The antenna was loaded with an indigenously prepared hexagonal shaped ceramic (Al2O3) dielectric material of permittivity 9.6 and loss tangent 0.0003. The proposed antenna was designed and simulated with the help of CST Microwave Studio. It was practically fabricated and the results were verified using Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). A promising match between simulated and measured results was found. The fabricated DRA resonates at three different frequencies in S and C bands with bandwidths of 191 MHz (2.347 GHz2.538GHz), 331 MHz (4.63 GHz-4.961 GHz) and 609 MHz (5.649 GHz-6.258 GHz). The VSWR is under the magnitude of 2 for all the three bands and the Return Loss (RL) at resonance of the bands is -21.18 dB, -36.48 dB and -32.48 dB respectively. A good impedance matching at the resonant frequencies is achieved. The designed DRA is a good candidate for ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) and C-band radar, Wireless LAN (WLAN) and satellite applications.
{"title":"Investigations of a Dieleric Resonator Antenna for ISM, WLAN and C-Band Applications","authors":"K. Sultan, G. Ahmad, A. Sultan","doi":"10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.35","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the development and experimental analysis of a triple band dielectric resonator antenna (DRA). The ground plane and feeding line was printed on FR-4 substrate. The antenna has been excited using aperture coupling. The antenna was loaded with an indigenously prepared hexagonal shaped ceramic (Al2O3) dielectric material of permittivity 9.6 and loss tangent 0.0003. The proposed antenna was designed and simulated with the help of CST Microwave Studio. It was practically fabricated and the results were verified using Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). A promising match between simulated and measured results was found. The fabricated DRA resonates at three different frequencies in S and C bands with bandwidths of 191 MHz (2.347 GHz2.538GHz), 331 MHz (4.63 GHz-4.961 GHz) and 609 MHz (5.649 GHz-6.258 GHz). The VSWR is under the magnitude of 2 for all the three bands and the Return Loss (RL) at resonance of the bands is -21.18 dB, -36.48 dB and -32.48 dB respectively. A good impedance matching at the resonant frequencies is achieved. The designed DRA is a good candidate for ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) and C-band radar, Wireless LAN (WLAN) and satellite applications.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84918004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. A. Jamali, B. Das, S. Afridi, M. Anjum, K. Kanwar, A. Shuaib
The Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) system is used for the detection of buried objects inside the earth and the classification of the subsurface structures. Ultra-wide band antenna is one of the major component of the GPR system; which is used to transmit and receive short pulse of electromagnetic nature. The performance of the GPR system in detecting buried object is mainly affected by the reflections of the GPR antenna. The reflections from the antennas itself is a basis of late-time ringing and distortion of antenna. These factors create problem in the identification of the objects. Several UWB antennas are used in the GPR system. This paper presents theoretical study for the design of ultra-wideband Bow-tie antenna as a GPR antenna. Bow-tie antenna is designed for a frequency range of 4-18 GHz. Transient and spectral behavior of the antenna is simulated. The time behavior of the antenna shows a reflected signal from the bow-tie antenna of the duration of 2.0 ns. The antenna provides a VSWR less than 2.0 and a return loss of less than -15 dB in the operating frequency range. Bow-tie antenna is then modeled and simulated in the GPR environments which includes the buried object (i.e. scatterer) and beam floor. The design, modeling and simulations are performed by using CST Microwave Studio.
{"title":"Ultra-Wideband Bow-tie Antenna for Ground Penetrating Radar Applications","authors":"A. A. Jamali, B. Das, S. Afridi, M. Anjum, K. Kanwar, A. Shuaib","doi":"10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.39","url":null,"abstract":"The Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) system is used for the detection of buried objects inside the earth and the classification of the subsurface structures. Ultra-wide band antenna is one of the major component of the GPR system; which is used to transmit and receive short pulse of electromagnetic nature. The performance of the GPR system in detecting buried object is mainly affected by the reflections of the GPR antenna. The reflections from the antennas itself is a basis of late-time ringing and distortion of antenna. These factors create problem in the identification of the objects. Several UWB antennas are used in the GPR system. This paper presents theoretical study for the design of ultra-wideband Bow-tie antenna as a GPR antenna. Bow-tie antenna is designed for a frequency range of 4-18 GHz. Transient and spectral behavior of the antenna is simulated. The time behavior of the antenna shows a reflected signal from the bow-tie antenna of the duration of 2.0 ns. The antenna provides a VSWR less than 2.0 and a return loss of less than -15 dB in the operating frequency range. Bow-tie antenna is then modeled and simulated in the GPR environments which includes the buried object (i.e. scatterer) and beam floor. The design, modeling and simulations are performed by using CST Microwave Studio.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80716321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kazmi, A. Niaz, J. Khan, S. Z. A. Gurdazi, J. Niaz
Soil sinking is a major engineering concern need to be addressed through proper planning and investigation. Usually Engineers depend on borehole data or soil tests for designing the solution for such problems. In view of cost, time and less destruction, geophysical methods are best to probe such engineering and environmental problems. Therefore, Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method used to investigate soil sinking in Satellite town Langerpura, Sub Himalayas Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad Pakistan. Two profiles acquired overlap the zone under study with electrode spacing 5m and average depth of 40-50m. Three different geological zones are identified on the base of resistivity data. Low resistivity zone having resistivity 3.0 – 15Ωm is water saturated friable sandstone. Intermediate resistivity zone with resistivity range 100-1000 Ωm consists of alternate layers of sand, clay and river deposits. High resistivity zone with resistivity range 1000-4000 Ωm show cavities in subsurface. The room size cavity detected which cause the soil sinking at surface. Muck filling or compaction grouting recommended as engineering solution for stabilization of sink soil.
{"title":"The use of Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Soil Sinking Investigation a case study in Satellite Town Langerpura Sub Himalaya Azad Jammu and Kashmir Pakistan","authors":"S. Kazmi, A. Niaz, J. Khan, S. Z. A. Gurdazi, J. Niaz","doi":"10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SUJO/2019.6.46","url":null,"abstract":"Soil sinking is a major engineering concern need to be addressed through proper planning and investigation. Usually Engineers depend on borehole data or soil tests for designing the solution for such problems. In view of cost, time and less destruction, geophysical methods are best to probe such engineering and environmental problems. Therefore, Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method used to investigate soil sinking in Satellite town Langerpura, Sub Himalayas Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad Pakistan. Two profiles acquired overlap the zone under study with electrode spacing 5m and average depth of 40-50m. Three different geological zones are identified on the base of resistivity data. Low resistivity zone having resistivity 3.0 – 15Ωm is water saturated friable sandstone. Intermediate resistivity zone with resistivity range 100-1000 Ωm consists of alternate layers of sand, clay and river deposits. High resistivity zone with resistivity range 1000-4000 Ωm show cavities in subsurface. The room size cavity detected which cause the soil sinking at surface. Muck filling or compaction grouting recommended as engineering solution for stabilization of sink soil.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84664314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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