Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.26692/surj-ss.v54i04.4350
In this paper, different applications of stereographic projections are utilized for the structural analysis of Ranikot anticline. Structural data of Ranikot anticline from Southern Kirthar Fold Belt of Pakistan is used to construct different diagrams such as beta-diagrams, pi-diagrams and contour diagrams. These diagrams are used to visualize the inter-limb angle, plunge and trend of fold axis, dip and strike of axial surface, fold symmetry, vergence and principle stress axes. This study shows that studied anticline is nearly N-S trending, open, shallow to horizontal, asymmetrical, and east-vergent anticline. Principle stress axis σ1 and σ2 lie in profile plane while σ1 and σ3 lie in axial surface.
{"title":"Structural Analysis of Ranikot Anticline, Southern Kirthar Fold Belt, Pakistan","authors":"","doi":"10.26692/surj-ss.v54i04.4350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj-ss.v54i04.4350","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, different applications of stereographic projections are utilized for the structural analysis of Ranikot anticline. Structural data of Ranikot anticline from Southern Kirthar Fold Belt of Pakistan is used to construct different diagrams such as beta-diagrams, pi-diagrams and contour diagrams. These diagrams are used to visualize the inter-limb angle, plunge and trend of fold axis, dip and strike of axial surface, fold symmetry, vergence and principle stress axes. This study shows that studied anticline is nearly N-S trending, open, shallow to horizontal, asymmetrical, and east-vergent anticline. Principle stress axis σ1 and σ2 lie in profile plane while σ1 and σ3 lie in axial surface.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76251215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.26692/surj-ss.v54i04.6127
Thermal infrared remote sensing data are used to make estimates of the land surface temperature (LST) by recording the radiant energy emitted by the surface of the Earth. Satellite data and image processing software also allow for LST estimation. Since its launch, two thermal infrared bands aboard the Landsat satellite have been used to continuously observe Earth, providing data for the estimation of LST and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Due to the significant uncertainty in data from both Landsat 5 thematic mapper (TM) thermal band 6, which has a wavelength of 10.40–12.50 m, and Landsat 8 thermal infrared sensor (TIRS) Band 11, as indicated by USGS calibration notifications, it was advised to use TIRS Band 10 data as a single spectral band for LST estimation. For LST estimation from Landsat 5 and Landsat 8, the mono-window (MW) approach was used with TM and TIRS Bands 6, 10, and data with a resolution of 120 and 100 m. (Path-152 and Row-40, 41, 42, and 43). The emission coefficient was calculated using the operational land imager (OLI) Bands 4 and 5 (30 m resolution) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) proportion of vegetation method. Based on the results, the LST was higher in the arid regions, whereas the NDVI was higher in the less arid parts. Also, the LST findings were compared to the air temperature data, both data were found to be consistent with one another. The approach of MW algorithm could be a useful tool for estimating LST from TM data acquired from Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 TIRS Bands 6 and 10.
{"title":"An Estimation of the Land Surface Temperature, Derived from the Landsat Satellite, for the Major Cities in Sindh Province, Pakistan","authors":"","doi":"10.26692/surj-ss.v54i04.6127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj-ss.v54i04.6127","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal infrared remote sensing data are used to make estimates of the land surface temperature (LST) by recording the radiant energy emitted by the surface of the Earth. Satellite data and image processing software also allow for LST estimation. Since its launch, two thermal infrared bands aboard the Landsat satellite have been used to continuously observe Earth, providing data for the estimation of LST and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Due to the significant uncertainty in data from both Landsat 5 thematic mapper (TM) thermal band 6, which has a wavelength of 10.40–12.50 m, and Landsat 8 thermal infrared sensor (TIRS) Band 11, as indicated by USGS calibration notifications, it was advised to use TIRS Band 10 data as a single spectral band for LST estimation. For LST estimation from Landsat 5 and Landsat 8, the mono-window (MW) approach was used with TM and TIRS Bands 6, 10, and data with a resolution of 120 and 100 m. (Path-152 and Row-40, 41, 42, and 43). The emission coefficient was calculated using the operational land imager (OLI) Bands 4 and 5 (30 m resolution) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) proportion of vegetation method. Based on the results, the LST was higher in the arid regions, whereas the NDVI was higher in the less arid parts. Also, the LST findings were compared to the air temperature data, both data were found to be consistent with one another. The approach of MW algorithm could be a useful tool for estimating LST from TM data acquired from Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 TIRS Bands 6 and 10.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85159872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.26692/surj-ss.v54i04.4260
The stem rust diseases of wheat have historically been the major biotic stress responsible for destabilizing production in Asia and other parts of the world .Stem rust has continuously been in surge of destroying wheat genome especially after its race Ug99 that surfaced in Uganda in year 1999 that suppressed vital stem rust resistance gene Sr31.It was the pivotal gene that had immunity to wheat against lethal stem rust fungus.In order to trace genetic resources inside the wheat genome; a set of 112 landraces was evaluated for stem rust resistance under field condition at Jhuddo, a hot spot of stem rust in southern Pakistan. The results indicated that 80% landraces were susceptible to intensity of stem rust at Jhuddo,4% moderately suscesptible,11% moderately resistant while 17% shown moderetly resistance moderetly susceptible types of reactions according to modified Cobbs Scale. .
{"title":"The Screening of Pakistani Wheat Landraces to Stem Rust (Puccinia gramminis f. sp. tritici) resistance under field conditions.","authors":"","doi":"10.26692/surj-ss.v54i04.4260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj-ss.v54i04.4260","url":null,"abstract":"The stem rust diseases of wheat have historically been the major biotic stress responsible for destabilizing production in Asia and other parts of the world .Stem rust has continuously been in surge of destroying wheat genome especially after its race Ug99 that surfaced in Uganda in year 1999 that suppressed vital stem rust resistance gene Sr31.It was the pivotal gene that had immunity to wheat against lethal stem rust fungus.In order to trace genetic resources inside the wheat genome; a set of 112 landraces was evaluated for stem rust resistance under field condition at Jhuddo, a hot spot of stem rust in southern Pakistan. The results indicated that 80% landraces were susceptible to intensity of stem rust at Jhuddo,4% moderately suscesptible,11% moderately resistant while 17% shown moderetly resistance moderetly susceptible types of reactions according to modified Cobbs Scale. .","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"416 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86840488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.26692/surj-ss.v54i04.4313
Antibiotic resistance develops and spreads among pyogenic bacteria as a result of injudicious antibiotic usage in the treatment of pyogenic illnesses. Significant gaps in research on antibiotic resistance in Quetta, Pakistan have been observed making it difficult to develop trendlines and resistance patterns that can contribute to fighting the dangers associated with the rise of antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates obtained from pus samples. A retrospective analysis was carried on regular pus specimens collected at the Chaghi laboratory in Quetta from January 2018 to December, 2020. A total of 259 specimens were examined for antibiotic susceptibility patterns, with Ciprofloxacin (85.7 %), Cephradine (78.4 %), Ofloxacin (77.6 %), and Augmentin (56%) having the greatest proportion of resistance. All S. aureus strains were vancomycin-sensitive (100%) and Ampicillin-resistant (98.6%), while all gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to Imipenem (97.9%) and Tazobactam (90%) however resistant to Ampicillin (98.6%). A gradual increase in antibiotic resistance was observed among gram-negative isolates and a notable increase in resistance was observed by S. aureus. S. aureus was shown to be the most frequent bacteria in pus samples, followed by K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. We concluded that antibiotic overuse should be avoided to prevent emerging resistance. Regular surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility patterns also aids in the development of improved treatment options for reducing morbidity and death by recognizing the real burden of antibiotic resistance in an organism and preventing its spread.
{"title":"Evaluation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Bacteria in Pus Samples of Last Three Years at Chaghi Laboratory, Quetta, Pakistan","authors":"","doi":"10.26692/surj-ss.v54i04.4313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj-ss.v54i04.4313","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic resistance develops and spreads among pyogenic bacteria as a result of injudicious antibiotic usage in the treatment of pyogenic illnesses. Significant gaps in research on antibiotic resistance in Quetta, Pakistan have been observed making it difficult to develop trendlines and resistance patterns that can contribute to fighting the dangers associated with the rise of antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates obtained from pus samples. A retrospective analysis was carried on regular pus specimens collected at the Chaghi laboratory in Quetta from January 2018 to December, 2020. A total of 259 specimens were examined for antibiotic susceptibility patterns, with Ciprofloxacin (85.7 %), Cephradine (78.4 %), Ofloxacin (77.6 %), and Augmentin (56%) having the greatest proportion of resistance. All S. aureus strains were vancomycin-sensitive (100%) and Ampicillin-resistant (98.6%), while all gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to Imipenem (97.9%) and Tazobactam (90%) however resistant to Ampicillin (98.6%). A gradual increase in antibiotic resistance was observed among gram-negative isolates and a notable increase in resistance was observed by S. aureus. S. aureus was shown to be the most frequent bacteria in pus samples, followed by K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. We concluded that antibiotic overuse should be avoided to prevent emerging resistance. Regular surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility patterns also aids in the development of improved treatment options for reducing morbidity and death by recognizing the real burden of antibiotic resistance in an organism and preventing its spread.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76695311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.26692/surj-ss.v54i04.4308
Notopterus chitala is a member of the primitive teleost lineage and considered as commercially important food fish. To study the concentration of sodium and potassium and the influence of fish size and condition factor on the bioaccumulation of these macro-elements, a total of 16 fish specimens of N. chitala were collected from the River Indus. Mean (±SD) body weight, total length and condition factor was found 250.32±113.93 g, 32.93 ± 4.85 cm and 0.647± 0.094. Fish samples were oven dried, grinded, ashed and digested into 1M HNO3 to make sample solution. Flame atomic absorption measurements were analyzed to detect the concentration of sodium and potassium with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Mean concentration of sodium was found 255.51± 32.45 µgg-1 with range values 206.28-298.70 µgg-1, while potassium was observed 1327.15 ± 234.71 µgg-1 with range 815.08-1694.87 µgg-1 in wet body weight of wild captured N. chitala. Body weight, total length and condition factor represented insignificant correlations with the concentrations of sodium and potassium in N. chitala, indicating no dependence of fish size on the bioaccumulation of these essential minerals in the body of this fish species.
{"title":"Bioaccumulation of two macro-elements (Sodium and Potassium) in relation to body size and condition factor of Notopterus chitala from River Indus, Ghazi Ghat, Pakistan","authors":"","doi":"10.26692/surj-ss.v54i04.4308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj-ss.v54i04.4308","url":null,"abstract":"Notopterus chitala is a member of the primitive teleost lineage and considered as commercially important food fish. To study the concentration of sodium and potassium and the influence of fish size and condition factor on the bioaccumulation of these macro-elements, a total of 16 fish specimens of N. chitala were collected from the River Indus. Mean (±SD) body weight, total length and condition factor was found 250.32±113.93 g, 32.93 ± 4.85 cm and 0.647± 0.094. Fish samples were oven dried, grinded, ashed and digested into 1M HNO3 to make sample solution. Flame atomic absorption measurements were analyzed to detect the concentration of sodium and potassium with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Mean concentration of sodium was found 255.51± 32.45 µgg-1 with range values 206.28-298.70 µgg-1, while potassium was observed 1327.15 ± 234.71 µgg-1 with range 815.08-1694.87 µgg-1 in wet body weight of wild captured N. chitala. Body weight, total length and condition factor represented insignificant correlations with the concentrations of sodium and potassium in N. chitala, indicating no dependence of fish size on the bioaccumulation of these essential minerals in the body of this fish species.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81452411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-23DOI: 10.26692/surj-ss.v54i3.4565
Background: Obesity is now considered as a global issue and its prevalence is increasing day by day especially in developed countries, it is a multifactorial medical condition in which excess fat deposition occurs in the body that causes detrimental effects to the health and leads person to a number of pathologies .Chronic obesity is associated with cardiovascular problems ,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, impaired lipid metabolism and dysregulation in glucose metabolism in the body which itself is a door to many health consequences.Hba1c is a tool used to monitor average blood glucose levels of past 3 months and considered as one of the reliable tool for screening diabetes along with other protocols. This study is aimed to observe the effects of total body fat on the hba1c levels in normal ,non-diabetic and apparently healthy male adults Methodology :A case/control study was conducted between the duration of July 2020 to September 2020,total number of participants was n=118, data was collected from obese and non-obese participants, total body fat was obtained by BIA method ,anthropometric indices was recorded and blood was drawn for Hba1c test .Results: Among 118 individuals 70 (59.3%) were belong to age group 30-39 years and 48(40.7%) were belong to age group 40-49 years. Mean total body fat in normal group aged between 30-39 years is 14.7±3.1 and in the same group mean total body fat in obese is observed as 31.1±5.2, similarly in age group 40-49 years the mean TBF observed in nonobese is 15.3±2.6 whereas mean TBF in obese group is 30.6±5,In case of HbA1c 10(14.2%) participants in obese group of age group 30-39 shows HbA1c in pre diabetic range however 1(1.4%) participant in normal body composition shows prediabetic HbA1c, Whereas among participants of Age Group 40-49 13(27%) participants in obsess group and 02 (4.1%)among nonobese showed Hba1c in prediabetic range. Conclusion. Profound differences were observed in the glucose parameter of healthy obese and non- obese participants, people with more body fat showed derange HbA1c levels.
{"title":"Body composition and its effects on Glucose metabolism in Obese and Nonobese adult males obesity and its effects on glucose and blood parameters","authors":"","doi":"10.26692/surj-ss.v54i3.4565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj-ss.v54i3.4565","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obesity is now considered as a global issue and its prevalence is increasing day by day especially in developed countries, it is a multifactorial medical condition in which excess fat deposition occurs in the body that causes detrimental effects to the health and leads person to a number of pathologies .Chronic obesity is associated with cardiovascular problems ,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, impaired lipid metabolism and dysregulation in glucose metabolism in the body which itself is a door to many health consequences.Hba1c is a tool used to monitor average blood glucose levels of past 3 months and considered as one of the reliable tool for screening diabetes along with other protocols. This study is aimed to observe the effects of total body fat on the hba1c levels in normal ,non-diabetic and apparently healthy male adults Methodology :A case/control study was conducted between the duration of July 2020 to September 2020,total number of participants was n=118, data was collected from obese and non-obese participants, total body fat was obtained by BIA method ,anthropometric indices was recorded and blood was drawn for Hba1c test .Results: Among 118 individuals 70 (59.3%) were belong to age group 30-39 years and 48(40.7%) were belong to age group 40-49 years. Mean total body fat in normal group aged between 30-39 years is 14.7±3.1 and in the same group mean total body fat in obese is observed as 31.1±5.2, similarly in age group 40-49 years the mean TBF observed in nonobese is 15.3±2.6 whereas mean TBF in obese group is 30.6±5,In case of HbA1c 10(14.2%) participants in obese group of age group 30-39 shows HbA1c in pre diabetic range however 1(1.4%) participant in normal body composition shows prediabetic HbA1c, Whereas among participants of Age Group 40-49 13(27%) participants in obsess group and 02 (4.1%)among nonobese showed Hba1c in prediabetic range. Conclusion. Profound differences were observed in the glucose parameter of healthy obese and non- obese participants, people with more body fat showed derange HbA1c levels.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78974288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-23DOI: 10.26692/surj-ss.v54i3.4868
Pakistan Kifayatullah Korejo, Waqas Jamil, Muhammad Siddique Samoon, Abdul Majid Channa, M. Y. Talpur, Zakir Hussain Shah
Thiourea derivatives are well known class of organic compounds having diverse application in the field of medicine, agriculture, coordination, and analytical chemistry. This study reports novel N1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N2-phenyl-1,2-hydrazinedicarbothioamide and its Mn (II),Co(II), Ni(II),Cu(II), metal complexes. These synthesized compounds were characterized by H1NMR, UV-Vis, IR spectroscopy and elemental (CHN/S) analysis. Moreover, antioxidant activity was screened for synthesized compounds. All the compounds showed significant antioxidant potential with IC50 values ranges from 23.81± 1.57µM - 58.32± 1.23µM. It was revealed that synthesized compounds displayed better antioxidant activity with IC50 values between 127.10-271.41 µM to256.42 ± 0.34 µM. The ligand (IC50 =33.41 ± 1.32µM)as well as metal complex Cu(L)2 (IC50 = 28.10± 1.05µM ), Zn(L)2 (IC50 = 24.53± 1.12µM), ZrO(L)2 (IC50 = 58.32± 1.23µM), Hg(L)2 (IC50 = 23.81± 1.57µM ), UO2(L)2 (IC50 =52.14± 1.45µM) showed far better activity than the standard (IC50 = 44.7± 1.21). Among these metal complexes, Hg complex (IC50 = 23.81 ± 1.57) showed highest antioxidant activity, while Zn complex (IC50= 24.53 ± 1.12), Cu complex (28.10 ± 1.05) and Co complex (IC50= 29.76 ± 1.21), The metal complexes UO2(L)2, ZrO(L)2 showed moderate anti-oxidant activity. These compounds were found be less active than other metal complexes as well as standard. The antioxidant activity pattern of these compounds is Hg(L)2 > Zn(L)2 > Cu(L)2 > UO2(L) > ZrO(L)2. These metal complexes showed remarkable antioxidant activity which may find their importance in avoiding or reducing the development of both heart disease and some forms of cancer.
{"title":"Characterization and antioxidant activity of newly synthesized N1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N2-phenyl-1,2-hydrazinedicarbothioamide and its Cu(II), Zn(II), ZrO(II), Hg(II) and UO2(II) metal complexes","authors":"Pakistan Kifayatullah Korejo, Waqas Jamil, Muhammad Siddique Samoon, Abdul Majid Channa, M. Y. Talpur, Zakir Hussain Shah","doi":"10.26692/surj-ss.v54i3.4868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj-ss.v54i3.4868","url":null,"abstract":"Thiourea derivatives are well known class of organic compounds having diverse application in the field of medicine, agriculture, coordination, and analytical chemistry.\u0000\u0000\u0000This study reports novel N1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N2-phenyl-1,2-hydrazinedicarbothioamide and its Mn (II),Co(II), Ni(II),Cu(II), metal complexes. These synthesized compounds were characterized by H1NMR, UV-Vis, IR spectroscopy and elemental (CHN/S) analysis. Moreover, antioxidant activity was screened for synthesized compounds. All the compounds showed significant antioxidant potential with IC50 values ranges from 23.81± 1.57µM - 58.32± 1.23µM.\u0000\u0000\u0000It was revealed that synthesized compounds displayed better antioxidant activity with IC50 values between 127.10-271.41 µM to256.42 ± 0.34 µM. The ligand (IC50 =33.41 ± 1.32µM)as well as metal complex Cu(L)2 (IC50 = 28.10± 1.05µM ), Zn(L)2 (IC50 = 24.53± 1.12µM), ZrO(L)2 (IC50 = 58.32± 1.23µM), Hg(L)2 (IC50 = 23.81± 1.57µM ), UO2(L)2 (IC50 =52.14± 1.45µM) showed far better activity than the standard (IC50 = 44.7± 1.21). Among these metal complexes, Hg complex (IC50 = 23.81 ± 1.57) showed highest antioxidant activity, while Zn complex (IC50= 24.53 ± 1.12), Cu complex (28.10 ± 1.05) and Co complex (IC50= 29.76 ± 1.21), The metal complexes UO2(L)2, ZrO(L)2 showed moderate anti-oxidant activity. These compounds were found be less active than other metal complexes as well as standard. The antioxidant activity pattern of these compounds is Hg(L)2 > Zn(L)2 > Cu(L)2 > UO2(L) > ZrO(L)2. These metal complexes showed remarkable antioxidant activity which may find their importance in avoiding or reducing the development of both heart disease and some forms of cancer.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84228650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-23DOI: 10.26692/surj-ss.v54i3.4595
Pakistan Abdullah Channo, Abid Ali Sanjrani, Muhammad Bakhsh, A. Kaka, A. A. Memon, Q. Kalwar, D. H. Kalhoro, Abdul Subhan, A. Tunio
Estrus Synchronization is the main application of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART), it helps in the control of the estrus cycle with the basic help of Hormones and adds controlled Artificial Insemination, reduction in Calving interval which saves time, labor cost and effective dairy farm management. Moreover, old reproductive management is too expensive and it becomes the root of the loss of milk and meat production, it is also costly in case of labor, feed, estrus detection, long inter calving interval, postpartum estrus detection and other disease problems. To get rid of these expensive traditional practices ART has developed many methods to control estrus cycle physiology and endocrinology. Estrus synchronization tools developed in recent breeding management of dairy herds in dairy industries have become an essential part of reproduction. Many of them rely on protocols that allow timed artificial insemination (TAI) to overcome the practical anomalies during estrus detection. Currently developed programs consist of protocols that are used for re-synchronization following first or consequent inseminations. Many programs include scheduled injections of Prostaglandin (PgF2α) and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Meanwhile, progesterone and estradiol based supplements are also required in many techniques. The main program used for synchronization is "Ovsynch" protocol. Moreover, this review is based on the introduction, history, principles, factors and methods of estrus synchronization that are mostly used for profitable dairy farming, it will assist in the understanding of the basic mechanism that is involved in the control of estrus cycle.
{"title":"Applications to Control the Estrus Cycle in Bovines via Estrus Synchronization: A Review","authors":"Pakistan Abdullah Channo, Abid Ali Sanjrani, Muhammad Bakhsh, A. Kaka, A. A. Memon, Q. Kalwar, D. H. Kalhoro, Abdul Subhan, A. Tunio","doi":"10.26692/surj-ss.v54i3.4595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj-ss.v54i3.4595","url":null,"abstract":"Estrus Synchronization is the main application of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART), it helps in the control of the estrus cycle with the basic help of Hormones and adds controlled Artificial Insemination, reduction in Calving interval which saves time, labor cost and effective dairy farm management. Moreover, old reproductive management is too expensive and it becomes the root of the loss of milk and meat production, it is also costly in case of labor, feed, estrus detection, long inter calving interval, postpartum estrus detection and other disease problems. To get rid of these expensive traditional practices ART has developed many methods to control estrus cycle physiology and endocrinology. Estrus synchronization tools developed in recent breeding management of dairy herds in dairy industries have become an essential part of reproduction. Many of them rely on protocols that allow timed artificial insemination (TAI) to overcome the practical anomalies during estrus detection. Currently developed programs consist of protocols that are used for re-synchronization following first or consequent inseminations. Many programs include scheduled injections of Prostaglandin (PgF2α) and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Meanwhile, progesterone and estradiol based supplements are also required in many techniques. The main program used for synchronization is \"Ovsynch\" protocol. Moreover, this review is based on the introduction, history, principles, factors and methods of estrus synchronization that are mostly used for profitable dairy farming, it will assist in the understanding of the basic mechanism that is involved in the control of estrus cycle.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83801040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-23DOI: 10.26692/surj-ss.v54i3.5827
Cirrhinus mrigala is a member of the cyprindae renowned for its delectable flavor. It has a unique market status in Quetta due to its high consumer demand and delicacy. Current study was conducted to determine the Gut Content Analysis and Gastrosomatic index of C. mrigala from local fish market of Quetta city Balochistan. About 280 fish samples were collected from local fish market of Quetta City during the month of June to December 2022. The gut contents were analyzed by using volumetric and occurrence method. The gut fullness was determined by gravimetric method. The index of preponderance of this fish suggested that the basic food items were Euglenophyta (41.08%), Chlorophyta (21.83%), Bacillariophyta (15.42%), Cynophyta (11.47%), Detritus (4.77%), Plant matter (3.71%) Mud (1.25%), Cladoceran (0.37%), Copepods (0.08%) and Rotifera (0.02%). In overall study it was concluded that Cirrhinus mrigala is phytoplanktonic fish in feeding habits.
{"title":"Gut Content Analysis and Gastrosomatic Index of Cirrhinus mrigala from Local Fish Market Quetta City","authors":"","doi":"10.26692/surj-ss.v54i3.5827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj-ss.v54i3.5827","url":null,"abstract":"Cirrhinus mrigala is a member of the cyprindae renowned for its delectable flavor. It has a unique market status in Quetta due to its high consumer demand and delicacy. Current study was conducted to determine the Gut Content Analysis and Gastrosomatic index of C. mrigala from local fish market of Quetta city Balochistan. About 280 fish samples were collected from local fish market of Quetta City during the month of June to December 2022. The gut contents were analyzed by using volumetric and occurrence method. The gut fullness was determined by gravimetric method. The index of preponderance of this fish suggested that the basic food items were Euglenophyta (41.08%), Chlorophyta (21.83%), Bacillariophyta (15.42%), Cynophyta (11.47%), Detritus (4.77%), Plant matter (3.71%) Mud (1.25%), Cladoceran (0.37%), Copepods (0.08%) and Rotifera (0.02%). In overall study it was concluded that Cirrhinus mrigala is phytoplanktonic fish in feeding habits.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88764055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-23DOI: 10.26692/surj-ss.v54i3.4169
Optimization is the ability of the computers when multiple destinations are available and one of the easiest and shortest paths has to be obtained where the human being are failed to solve the problem. Many people find a challenging task to find out NADRA registration center and, in this case, NADRA has started mobile registration van in which a vehicle has to visit various routes for the registration of CNIC. Various teams are asked to visit sites and provide services to common people. During this journey the teams has to go multiple locations, and, in this case, the repetition may occur, more fuel has to be consumed so the time is consumed more. In this paper a GUI based integrated application has been created in which Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been used to find out the optimal path for the NADRA mobile registration van. The registration teams were given the optimal path or the shortest path so that they can visit the shortest route and save fuel and time. The study can be extended to compare other optimization algorithms and the scheme can be extended to further districts or provinces of Pakistan.
{"title":"The Route optimization for NADRA Mobile Registration Van (MRV) for Karachi","authors":"","doi":"10.26692/surj-ss.v54i3.4169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj-ss.v54i3.4169","url":null,"abstract":"Optimization is the ability of the computers when multiple destinations are available and one of the easiest and shortest paths has to be obtained where the human being are failed to solve the problem. Many people find a challenging task to find out NADRA registration center and, in this case, NADRA has started mobile registration van in which a vehicle has to visit various routes for the registration of CNIC. Various teams are asked to visit sites and provide services to common people. During this journey the teams has to go multiple locations, and, in this case, the repetition may occur, more fuel has to be consumed so the time is consumed more. In this paper a GUI based integrated application has been created in which Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been used to find out the optimal path for the NADRA mobile registration van. The registration teams were given the optimal path or the shortest path so that they can visit the shortest route and save fuel and time. The study can be extended to compare other optimization algorithms and the scheme can be extended to further districts or provinces of Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91138130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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