Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.26692/surj.v53i04.4222
K. Memon, M. M. Shaikh, K. Malik, M. S. Chandio, A. W. Shaikh
The main purpose of this research is to develop and improve the Simpson’s 1/3-type quadrature scheme numerically utilizing the geometric mean derivative for the Riemann- Stieltjes integral. The proposed scheme of Simpson’s 1/3-type is described in basic form and also in composite form. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared with existing schemes by experimental results using MATLAB. It has been noted in numerical results that the performance of new proposed scheme is more efficient against the existing schemes in terms of errors, computational cost, and average CPU time.
{"title":"A new Simpson’s 1/3-type quadrature scheme with geometric mean derivative for the Riemann-Stieltjes integral","authors":"K. Memon, M. M. Shaikh, K. Malik, M. S. Chandio, A. W. Shaikh","doi":"10.26692/surj.v53i04.4222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj.v53i04.4222","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this research is to develop and improve the Simpson’s 1/3-type quadrature scheme numerically utilizing the geometric mean derivative for the Riemann- Stieltjes integral. The proposed scheme of Simpson’s 1/3-type is described in basic form and also in composite form. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared with existing schemes by experimental results using MATLAB. It has been noted in numerical results that the performance of new proposed scheme is more efficient against the existing schemes in terms of errors, computational cost, and average CPU time.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86587737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.26692/surj.v53i04.4220
Wajeeha Ishtiyaq, A. Tariq, N. Abbas, K. Ashiq, Mayyda Asif Bajwa, A. Aslam, Azka Fatima, Sana Ashiq
This study aims to develop, characterize and validate analytical method and perform stability studies of Racecadotril capsules to treat acute diarrhea. Six formulations of Racecadotril 100mg Capsules were prepared with different excipients by varying their concentrations. The HPLC method was validated on analytical parameters recommended by ICH Q2R guidelines, including specificity, accuracy and recovery, precision, quantitation limit, detection limit, range, linearity, and robustness. Forced degradation studies were performed as per the Stability Indicating Method under various stress conditions. Accelerated stability studies were performed on three stability batches of best fit formulation of Racecadotril 100mg Capsules as per ICH guidelines. Among the six formulations of Racecadotril 100mg Capsule, F6 was the best fit with a comparatively good dissolution profile with 76.9% release in 60 minutes. The HPLC system was suitable as % R.S.D. was 0.619147%, within the acceptance criteria. Furthermore, parameters including specificity, accuracy and recovery, precision, quantitation limit, detection limit, range, linearity, and robustness lie within the acceptance criteria. The percent degradation of Racecadotril after photolytic (sunlight for 6 hr.), oxidative (3% H2O2), acidic (0.1N HCl) and necessary (0.1N NaOH) stress was found to be 6.5%, 5.8%, 11.4%, and 28.4%, respectively. The product remains unchanged after thermal stress. HPLC method was successfully validated for Racecadotril 100mg Capsule as per ICH Q2R guidelines.
{"title":"Design, Characterization, Analytical HPLC Method Validation, and Stability Studies of Racecadotril Capsules","authors":"Wajeeha Ishtiyaq, A. Tariq, N. Abbas, K. Ashiq, Mayyda Asif Bajwa, A. Aslam, Azka Fatima, Sana Ashiq","doi":"10.26692/surj.v53i04.4220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj.v53i04.4220","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to develop, characterize and validate analytical method and perform stability studies of Racecadotril capsules to treat acute diarrhea. Six formulations of Racecadotril 100mg Capsules were prepared with different excipients by varying their concentrations. The HPLC method was validated on analytical parameters recommended by ICH Q2R guidelines, including specificity, accuracy and recovery, precision, quantitation limit, detection limit, range, linearity, and robustness. Forced degradation studies were performed as per the Stability Indicating Method under various stress conditions. Accelerated stability studies were performed on three stability batches of best fit formulation of Racecadotril 100mg Capsules as per ICH guidelines. Among the six formulations of Racecadotril 100mg Capsule, F6 was the best fit with a comparatively good dissolution profile with 76.9% release in 60 minutes. The HPLC system was suitable as % R.S.D. was 0.619147%, within the acceptance criteria. Furthermore, parameters including specificity, accuracy and recovery, precision, quantitation limit, detection limit, range, linearity, and robustness lie within the acceptance criteria. The percent degradation of Racecadotril after photolytic (sunlight for 6 hr.), oxidative (3% H2O2), acidic (0.1N HCl) and necessary (0.1N NaOH) stress was found to be 6.5%, 5.8%, 11.4%, and 28.4%, respectively. The product remains unchanged after thermal stress. HPLC method was successfully validated for Racecadotril 100mg Capsule as per ICH Q2R guidelines.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"1916 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87724616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.26692/surj.v53i04.4218
S. Chandio, Shahida Hassan Memon, Mária, Nosheen Zehra Mangi, I. Ujjan, A. Raza
Present study compares the potential of Ficus carica and Allium sativum on triglyceride to HDL ratio in high fat diet fed male Wistar albino rats. A sample of 36 male Wistar albino rats was randomly divided into 6 groups (A, B, C, D, E and F). Hyperlipidemia was induced by high fat diet (HFD) (banaspati ghee + coconut oil) mixed in normal chow diet. After six weeks, blood was taken through retro – orbital capillary plexus, centrifuged to get sera, stored at -20°C temperature for biochemical analysis of blood lipids. TAG/HDLc ratio (atherogenic index of plasma) was measured as log TAG/HDLc. Statistical package (SPSS ver. 21.0, IBM, incorporation, USA) analyzed the results by 1- ANOVA and post – Hoc Benforinni test (p≤ 0.05). Cholesterol, TAGs, LDLc, and HDLc shows significant decrease in F. carica and A. sativum treated experimental groups C – F compared to positive controls (P=0.0001). A. sativum shows more potent hypolipidemic potential and more significant reduction in TAG/HDLc ratio compared to F. carica (P=0.0001). The present study concludes Ficus carica and Allium sativum show hypolipidemic potential with significant decrease in TAG/HDLc ratio and they may be used to prevent atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease as simple home remedy.
{"title":"Comparing potential of Ficus carica and Allium sativum on triglyceride to HDL ratio in high fat diet fed male Wistar Albino rats","authors":"S. Chandio, Shahida Hassan Memon, Mária, Nosheen Zehra Mangi, I. Ujjan, A. Raza","doi":"10.26692/surj.v53i04.4218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj.v53i04.4218","url":null,"abstract":"Present study compares the potential of Ficus carica and Allium sativum on triglyceride to HDL ratio in high fat diet fed male Wistar albino rats. A sample of 36 male Wistar albino rats was randomly divided into 6 groups (A, B, C, D, E and F). Hyperlipidemia was induced by high fat diet (HFD) (banaspati ghee + coconut oil) mixed in normal chow diet. After six weeks, blood was taken through retro – orbital capillary plexus, centrifuged to get sera, stored at -20°C temperature for biochemical analysis of blood lipids. TAG/HDLc ratio (atherogenic index of plasma) was measured as log TAG/HDLc. Statistical package (SPSS ver. 21.0, IBM, incorporation, USA) analyzed the results by 1- ANOVA and post – Hoc Benforinni test (p≤ 0.05). Cholesterol, TAGs, LDLc, and HDLc shows significant decrease in F. carica and A. sativum treated experimental groups C – F compared to positive controls (P=0.0001). A. sativum shows more potent hypolipidemic potential and more significant reduction in TAG/HDLc ratio compared to F. carica (P=0.0001). The present study concludes Ficus carica and Allium sativum show hypolipidemic potential with significant decrease in TAG/HDLc ratio and they may be used to prevent atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease as simple home remedy.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87148627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.26692/surj.v53i04.4223
Rahmat Ali Rajper, Samina Rajper Samina Rajper, Abdullah Maitlo, Ghulam Nabi
Defining algorithms and techniques to enable computers to understand human language is the Natural Language Processing (NLP), which is an integral part of speech recognition. Parts of Speech (POS) is considered as one of the well understood problems of Natural Language Processing, in which natural language words and sentence are tagged or assigned grammatical classes, because tagging a single word by human hand is a time consuming and tedious job. To automate the tagging job is the way to automate the lexicons of the text of a language. Many of the languages are enriched with their POS tagging systems. Pakistani regional languages are less developed due to the many reasons and much of the work is needed in POS tagging system. Some of the regional languages have their POS tagging systems but still they need some more attention to refine their system. Some of the languages need to develop from the scratch. Balochi language has no any POS tagging system. This study presents the comparative analysis of POS tagging approaches for the national language (Urdu) and other regional languages of Pakistan. The approaches and their data sets used and their reported results are presented here
{"title":"Analysis and Comparative Study of POS Tagging Techniques for National (Urdu) Language and other Regional Languages of Pakistan","authors":"Rahmat Ali Rajper, Samina Rajper Samina Rajper, Abdullah Maitlo, Ghulam Nabi","doi":"10.26692/surj.v53i04.4223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj.v53i04.4223","url":null,"abstract":"Defining algorithms and techniques to enable computers to understand human language is the Natural Language Processing (NLP), which is an integral part of speech recognition. Parts of Speech (POS) is considered as one of the well understood problems of Natural Language Processing, in which natural language words and sentence are tagged or assigned grammatical classes, because tagging a single word by human hand is a time consuming and tedious job. To automate the tagging job is the way to automate the lexicons of the text of a language. Many of the languages are enriched with their POS tagging systems. Pakistani regional languages are less developed due to the many reasons and much of the work is needed in POS tagging system. Some of the regional languages have their POS tagging systems but still they need some more attention to refine their system. Some of the languages need to develop from the scratch. Balochi language has no any POS tagging system. This study presents the comparative analysis of POS tagging approaches for the national language (Urdu) and other regional languages of Pakistan. The approaches and their data sets used and their reported results are presented here","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87818312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-17DOI: 10.26692/surj/2020.03.02
Z. Naeem, S. Masud, S. Hassan, M. Naeem
High yields of extracted DNA from tissues for a number of molecular research work are depended on acquiring tissues that should not highly degraded and must give a sufficient yield of DNA. Current experiments were performed on tissues using various methods, the DNA extraction can be done to get high quality and quantity of DNA. DNA was extracted from preserved tissues after specified intervals; quantification was performed using spectrophotometer and polymerase chain reaction amplifications through identification primers. Genomic DNA extraction method was used for good quantity and reproducibility for molecular markers studies. Phenol-chloroform method agreed clear, reproducible, and high quality of bands and the purity near was 1.7. For DNA isolation four DNA extraction methods were compared. The concentration, purity, and amplificability of DNA were tested. The results revealed the variability among extraction procedures in terms of DNA quality and quantity in catla catla muscle tissue processed under different processing technologies.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of Genomic DNA extraction protocols: Maxi-Preparation of Quality DNA for Genetic Evaluation","authors":"Z. Naeem, S. Masud, S. Hassan, M. Naeem","doi":"10.26692/surj/2020.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj/2020.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"High yields of extracted DNA from tissues for a number of molecular research work are depended on acquiring tissues that should not highly degraded and must give a sufficient yield of DNA. Current experiments were performed on tissues using various methods, the DNA extraction can be done to get high quality and quantity of DNA. DNA was extracted from preserved tissues after specified intervals; quantification was performed using spectrophotometer and polymerase chain reaction amplifications through identification primers. Genomic DNA extraction method was used for good quantity and reproducibility for molecular markers studies. Phenol-chloroform method agreed clear, reproducible, and high quality of bands and the purity near was 1.7. For DNA isolation four DNA extraction methods were compared. The concentration, purity, and amplificability of DNA were tested. The results revealed the variability among extraction procedures in terms of DNA quality and quantity in catla catla muscle tissue processed under different processing technologies.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75289577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-22DOI: 10.26692/surj/2019.09.89
S. Abro, Z. Channa, M. A. Gadehi, A. A. Abro, S. Tunio, I. S. Hulio, A. Samo
Crop residues being organic in nature are rich source of organic carbon; essential nutrients need to be recycled for nutrient cycling sustaining soil quality & health and reduced environmental pollution. An experiment was carried out for preparation of banana crop residue based compost enriched with other organic sources and its nutrient analysis. Three recipes of the banana residues for compost making, designed in randomized complete block design (RCBD) were made in piles separately prepared i.e. consisting banana leaves (BL) with sugar cane press mud (SPM), goat manure (GM) and poultry manure (PM). The compost prepared was subjected to laboratory analysis for electrical conductivity, pH, organic matter, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and C/N ratio. The results indicated that the maximum EC (6.12) was recorded for C2 and minimum EC (5.67) was recorded for C1. The results revealed that banana crop residue enriched with other organic sources hastened the composting process and significantly increased the organic matter (OM) (55.6%), organic carbon (36.35%), total nitrogen (TN) (2.77%), P (1.75%) K value (3.05%). Further, results revealed that C1= (Banana leaves with sugar cane press mud) compost blend was optimum and best, because this blend has rich nutrient contents. It was concluded that higher OM%, OC%, TN, P, K were observed for C1= Banana crop residues enriched with sugar cane press mud.
{"title":"Preparation of Banana Residue Based Compost and its Nutrient Analysis","authors":"S. Abro, Z. Channa, M. A. Gadehi, A. A. Abro, S. Tunio, I. S. Hulio, A. Samo","doi":"10.26692/surj/2019.09.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj/2019.09.89","url":null,"abstract":"Crop residues being organic in nature are rich source of organic carbon; essential nutrients need to be recycled for nutrient cycling sustaining soil quality & health and reduced environmental pollution. An experiment was carried out for preparation of banana crop residue based compost enriched with other organic sources and its nutrient analysis. Three recipes of the banana residues for compost making, designed in randomized complete block design (RCBD) were made in piles separately prepared i.e. consisting banana leaves (BL) with sugar cane press mud (SPM), goat manure (GM) and poultry manure (PM). The compost prepared was subjected to laboratory analysis for electrical conductivity, pH, organic matter, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and C/N ratio. The results indicated that the maximum EC (6.12) was recorded for C2 and minimum EC (5.67) was recorded for C1. The results revealed that banana crop residue enriched with other organic sources hastened the composting process and significantly increased the organic matter (OM) (55.6%), organic carbon (36.35%), total nitrogen (TN) (2.77%), P (1.75%) K value (3.05%). Further, results revealed that C1= (Banana leaves with sugar cane press mud) compost blend was optimum and best, because this blend has rich nutrient contents. It was concluded that higher OM%, OC%, TN, P, K were observed for C1= Banana crop residues enriched with sugar cane press mud.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86581184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-18DOI: 10.26692/SURJ/2019.09.62
A. Batool, S. Farooq, M. Ara, A. A. Muhammad, F. Begum
A copepod parasite, Argulusmonodi Fryer, 1959 was recorded first time from the freshwater fish Labeorohita (Ham.) captured from Haleji Lake Sindh in Pakistan. Argulusmonodi is a rare species and was only reported from Africa and India. This is the first report on the occurrence of this species from Pakistan.
{"title":"Description of Parasitic Branchiuran, Argulusmonodi Fryer, 1959 from Freshwater Fish Caught from Haleji Lake Sindh, Pakistan","authors":"A. Batool, S. Farooq, M. Ara, A. A. Muhammad, F. Begum","doi":"10.26692/SURJ/2019.09.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SURJ/2019.09.62","url":null,"abstract":"A copepod parasite, Argulusmonodi Fryer, 1959 was recorded first time from the freshwater fish Labeorohita (Ham.) captured from Haleji Lake Sindh in Pakistan. Argulusmonodi is a rare species and was only reported from Africa and India. This is the first report on the occurrence of this species from Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80975063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-18DOI: 10.26692/surj/2019.09.79
S. Shaikh, A. M. Soomro, A. A. Sahito, A. Chachar
The variations in loads can be defined as either increment or decrement in the load. Variation in load causes a similar change in the amount of current which produces opposite variation in output voltage. Microgrids typically use renewable energy resources to meet varying load demands of the local area. Such sources need power electronic converters for controlling proper voltage level for efficient operation. Hence it becomes essential to design control scheme for the DC-DC converters to stabilize the voltage in DC micro grids under any type of load variations. This research work proposes a DC micro grid structure in which sliding mode controller based DC-DC converters are implemented. Microgrid structure is then simulated using MATLAB SIMULINK where output voltage regulation is achieved efficiently in case of rise as well as fall in the load connected on DC micro gird.
{"title":"Sliding Mode Controller for Voltage Regulation in DC Micro grid","authors":"S. Shaikh, A. M. Soomro, A. A. Sahito, A. Chachar","doi":"10.26692/surj/2019.09.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj/2019.09.79","url":null,"abstract":"The variations in loads can be defined as either increment or decrement in the load. Variation in load causes a similar change in the amount of current which produces opposite variation in output voltage. Microgrids typically use renewable energy resources to meet varying load demands of the local area. Such sources need power electronic converters for controlling proper voltage level for efficient operation. Hence it becomes essential to design control scheme for the DC-DC converters to stabilize the voltage in DC micro grids under any type of load variations. This research work proposes a DC micro grid structure in which sliding mode controller based DC-DC converters are implemented. Microgrid structure is then simulated using MATLAB SIMULINK where output voltage regulation is achieved efficiently in case of rise as well as fall in the load connected on DC micro gird.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84820006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-18DOI: 10.26692/surj/2019.09.611
A. Naveed, W. Baradi, K. L. Punhal, M. Faiz, I. Malik, A. Pirzado
Thirteen body proportions of the clupeid species, Tenualosailisha were investigated from Manjhand locality on the Indus River, Pakistan. Negative allometricgrowths for all morphometric traits examined were attained. The highest value of ‘b’ coefficient obtained was at its highest level for fork length (0.8834) and its lowest value for eye diameter (0.0398). The correlation coefficient value (R2) was at its lowest value for the relationship of the pectoral fin length-total fish length (0.46), the medium value of 0.77 and 0.80 were obtained for dorsal fin base length and anal fin base length respectively, while the highest value of 0.99 was attained for the relationship of both fork and standard lengths-total length and 0.98 for caudal peduncle length followed by 0.94 for the relationship of postorbital length-total fish length. The present report provides data to fishery biologists on body proportions of T. ilisha from the Indus River valley, Pakistan to support in development of management policies for this fish species.
{"title":"Phenotypic Characteristics of the Clupeid Fish Tenualosa ilisha (Family: Clupeidae) collected from Manjhand Vicinity, Pakistan","authors":"A. Naveed, W. Baradi, K. L. Punhal, M. Faiz, I. Malik, A. Pirzado","doi":"10.26692/surj/2019.09.611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj/2019.09.611","url":null,"abstract":"Thirteen body proportions of the clupeid species, Tenualosailisha were investigated from Manjhand locality on the Indus River, Pakistan. Negative allometricgrowths for all morphometric traits examined were attained. The highest value of ‘b’ coefficient obtained was at its highest level for fork length (0.8834) and its lowest value for eye diameter (0.0398). The correlation coefficient value (R2) was at its lowest value for the relationship of the pectoral fin length-total fish length (0.46), the medium value of 0.77 and 0.80 were obtained for dorsal fin base length and anal fin base length respectively, while the highest value of 0.99 was attained for the relationship of both fork and standard lengths-total length and 0.98 for caudal peduncle length followed by 0.94 for the relationship of postorbital length-total fish length. The present report provides data to fishery biologists on body proportions of T. ilisha from the Indus River valley, Pakistan to support in development of management policies for this fish species.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"400 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84846051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-18DOI: 10.26692/surj/2019.09.84
I. A. Channa, N. H. Kalhoro, A. A. Channa, N. A. Korejo, A. Sethar, A. H. Soomro, U. Munir, H. Soomro, G. Yaseen
The quality, quantity and management of litter affects the growth and performance of broiler. It also has been reported to acts as a reservoir of microbes that may infect, reinfect, mutate and may cause disease therefore this study was designed for analysis of prevalence, biochemical characteristics and antibiotic susceptibly of microbes isolated from different poultry litters used in Sindh province of Pakistan. A total of (n) =66 litter samples including rice husk (33), wooden bran (21) and sand (12) were collected from different broiler farms. The prevalence of bacteria were recorded as 36(54.54%) samples were positive with rice husk 20(60.60%), wooden bran 10(47.61%) and sand 6 (50.00%).The isolated bacteria were identified as E. coli in 9(45.0%) samples, followed by L.monocytogenin 3(15.0%), S. arizonaein 3(15.0%), S. aureusin 3(15.0) and P.aeroginosain 2(10.0%) samples collected from rice husk litter. Similarly, E. coliin 4(40.0%) samples, S.arizonaein 3(30.0%), S. aureusin 3(30.0%) and P.aeroginosa1(10.0%) were isolated from wooden bran, respectively. However, from sand litter only E. coliin5(83.33%) samples and S.arizonaein 1(16.67%) samples were isolated. The morphological characteristics show that E. coliwere observed as cocco-bacilli, short rods & straight rods, arranged either singly or in pairs, non-motile and gram negative. Similarly, L. monocytogeneswere coccoid rods, arranged singly & in short chains, motile and gram positive. P. aeruginosa were found in short to long cylinder or singly curved rods, arranged in pairs and short chains, motile and gram negative. Similarly, S. arizonaewere observed as rod to cocco bacilli shape, arranged single, pairs, tetrads, short curved chains & in few clusters, G -ve. However, the shape of S. aureus was round and grape like structure, arranged as in pairs, tetrads, short & irregular clusters, non-motile and gram positive. Biochemical analysis revealed that E. coli, L. monocytogen, S. arizonae and S. aureus were urease negative, catalase positive, produced acidic slant and acidic butt whereas P. aeroginosa was urease and catalase positive and produced alkaline slant and butt. Sugar fermentation indicated that E. coli, L. monocytogen, P. aeroginosa, S. arizonae and S. aureus was ferment glucose, mannitol and mannose but failed to ferment dulcitol except S.aureus. Antibiotic sensitivity test shows that E. coli and L. monocytogenwere highly sensitive to chloramphenicol and gentamycin, P. aeruginosa and S.aureus was highly sensitive to sulphamethazole and tetracycline while S. arizonae were sensitive to ampicillin and neomycin. antibiotic sensitivity further revealed multiple drug resistant or moderate sensitivity of E. coli with amoxicillin and sulphamethaoxazole, S. arizonae were particularly resistant to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, sulphamethaoxazole and tetracycline. Similarly, S. aurus were moderately sensitive to ampicillin, amoxicillin, gentamycin and chloramphenicol.
{"title":"Prevalence, Biochemical Characteristics and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Pathogenic Bacteria in Poultry Litter","authors":"I. A. Channa, N. H. Kalhoro, A. A. Channa, N. A. Korejo, A. Sethar, A. H. Soomro, U. Munir, H. Soomro, G. Yaseen","doi":"10.26692/surj/2019.09.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj/2019.09.84","url":null,"abstract":"The quality, quantity and management of litter affects the growth and performance of broiler. It also has been reported to acts as a reservoir of microbes that may infect, reinfect, mutate and may cause disease therefore this study was designed for analysis of prevalence, biochemical characteristics and antibiotic susceptibly of microbes isolated from different poultry litters used in Sindh province of Pakistan. A total of (n) =66 litter samples including rice husk (33), wooden bran (21) and sand (12) were collected from different broiler farms. The prevalence of bacteria were recorded as 36(54.54%) samples were positive with rice husk 20(60.60%), wooden bran 10(47.61%) and sand 6 (50.00%).The isolated bacteria were identified as E. coli in 9(45.0%) samples, followed by L.monocytogenin 3(15.0%), S. arizonaein 3(15.0%), S. aureusin 3(15.0) and P.aeroginosain 2(10.0%) samples collected from rice husk litter. Similarly, E. coliin 4(40.0%) samples, S.arizonaein 3(30.0%), S. aureusin 3(30.0%) and P.aeroginosa1(10.0%) were isolated from wooden bran, respectively. However, from sand litter only E. coliin5(83.33%) samples and S.arizonaein 1(16.67%) samples were isolated. The morphological characteristics show that E. coliwere observed as cocco-bacilli, short rods & straight rods, arranged either singly or in pairs, non-motile and gram negative. Similarly, L. monocytogeneswere coccoid rods, arranged singly & in short chains, motile and gram positive. P. aeruginosa were found in short to long cylinder or singly curved rods, arranged in pairs and short chains, motile and gram negative. Similarly, S. arizonaewere observed as rod to cocco bacilli shape, arranged single, pairs, tetrads, short curved chains & in few clusters, G -ve. However, the shape of S. aureus was round and grape like structure, arranged as in pairs, tetrads, short & irregular clusters, non-motile and gram positive. Biochemical analysis revealed that E. coli, L. monocytogen, S. arizonae and S. aureus were urease negative, catalase positive, produced acidic slant and acidic butt whereas P. aeroginosa was urease and catalase positive and produced alkaline slant and butt. Sugar fermentation indicated that E. coli, L. monocytogen, P. aeroginosa, S. arizonae and S. aureus was ferment glucose, mannitol and mannose but failed to ferment dulcitol except S.aureus. Antibiotic sensitivity test shows that E. coli and L. monocytogenwere highly sensitive to chloramphenicol and gentamycin, P. aeruginosa and S.aureus was highly sensitive to sulphamethazole and tetracycline while S. arizonae were sensitive to ampicillin and neomycin. antibiotic sensitivity further revealed multiple drug resistant or moderate sensitivity of E. coli with amoxicillin and sulphamethaoxazole, S. arizonae were particularly resistant to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, sulphamethaoxazole and tetracycline. Similarly, S. aurus were moderately sensitive to ampicillin, amoxicillin, gentamycin and chloramphenicol.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75380471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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