Pub Date : 2019-09-18DOI: 10.26692/surj/2019.09.85
G. Laghari, S. Nizamani, S. Nizamani, M. Memon, Ahsanullah Abro, M. Y. Koondhar
Software architecture helps in developing and understanding software applications at high-level abstraction. Yet, programming languages like Java do not directly support those abstractions. In this paper, we provide the support for architectural abstractions in Java. The support is provided in a middleware that, besides application development and initialization at architectural level, also supports dynamic evolution in the running applications. We demonstrate the use and benefit of the approach with an example scenario.
{"title":"Making the Software Architecture Explicit in Java Programs to Enable Dynamic Evolution","authors":"G. Laghari, S. Nizamani, S. Nizamani, M. Memon, Ahsanullah Abro, M. Y. Koondhar","doi":"10.26692/surj/2019.09.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj/2019.09.85","url":null,"abstract":"Software architecture helps in developing and understanding software applications at high-level abstraction. Yet, programming languages like Java do not directly support those abstractions. In this paper, we provide the support for architectural abstractions in Java. The support is provided in a middleware that, besides application development and initialization at architectural level, also supports dynamic evolution in the running applications. We demonstrate the use and benefit of the approach with an example scenario.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75235235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-18DOI: 10.26692/surj/2019.09.613
S. Qaimkhani, M. A. Moghal, A. Moghal, M. Q. Samejo, A. Bhutto, S. Bughio, N. Rajput, I. Shahid, N. Channa, S. A. Talpur
The present study describes the phytochemical screening and antibacterial study of chloroform, hexane, acetone and ethanol extract of Prosopis glandulosa leaves, flower, stem and seeds. The phytochemicals screening revealed that the solvent extracts contained terpenoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, coumarins and proteins. In vitro antibacterial studies on the solvent leaves and flower extracts were carried out on two medically important bacterial strains (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) using the agar disc diffusion method. The bacterial strains were exposed to the following four different concentrations of extracts: 01μg/ml, 05 μg/ml, and 10 μg/ml solvent. The results of our antibacterial assay revealed that the extract showed good inhibitory activity against all the tested pathogens
{"title":"Investigation of Phytochemical Profile and Antibacterial Potential of Prosopis glandulosa","authors":"S. Qaimkhani, M. A. Moghal, A. Moghal, M. Q. Samejo, A. Bhutto, S. Bughio, N. Rajput, I. Shahid, N. Channa, S. A. Talpur","doi":"10.26692/surj/2019.09.613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj/2019.09.613","url":null,"abstract":"The present study describes the phytochemical screening and antibacterial study of chloroform, hexane, acetone and ethanol extract of Prosopis glandulosa leaves, flower, stem and seeds. The phytochemicals screening revealed that the solvent extracts contained terpenoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, coumarins and proteins. In vitro antibacterial studies on the solvent leaves and flower extracts were carried out on two medically important bacterial strains (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) using the agar disc diffusion method. The bacterial strains were exposed to the following four different concentrations of extracts: 01μg/ml, 05 μg/ml, and 10 μg/ml solvent. The results of our antibacterial assay revealed that the extract showed good inhibitory activity against all the tested pathogens","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77617591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-18DOI: 10.26692/surj/2019.09.81
N. Chandio, H. A. Sahito, N. Chandio
This research was conducted to compare the two research areas NaiGaj, Pakistan and WadiDhahban, Saudi Arabia having Ground Water Potential (GWR). The main objectives of the research was to determine the different parameters that support the ground water availability such as vegetation, nature of slope, Rain Water Rills(RWR), climatic data and land cover area with help of modern techniques. Pakistan and Saudi Arabia emanates under as Arid or Semi-Arid category of land. Both research area have almost same topography, where ground and river water is not found. Growers irrigate land by saline water of different drain canals (in Pakistan) and Rain Water Rills coming from the uplands. A 61 km wide and 326 km long belt is found in slope of Khirthar Mountain in Sindh, Pakistan, this belt is rain shadowarea. Similarly, WadiDhahban has same geographical features, located near the coastal belt of RedSea, where dozens of RWRs are presents and trembled in the Sea.The maps of groundwater potential of both study areas were designed with the help of RS and GIS software.GIS and RS havesignificant role in mapping of ground-water quality and quantity for assessment and monitoring purposes.It was observed through the maps that both areas have ground water potential. Furthermore, the results indicated that NaiGaj has 30.3 % ground water potential and WadiDhahban has 15.8% ground water potential.
{"title":"Conservation of Groundwater Resources in Arid Lands: A comparative study of NaiGaj Pakistan and WadiDhahban Saudi Arabia","authors":"N. Chandio, H. A. Sahito, N. Chandio","doi":"10.26692/surj/2019.09.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj/2019.09.81","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted to compare the two research areas NaiGaj, Pakistan and WadiDhahban, Saudi Arabia having Ground Water Potential (GWR). The main objectives of the research was to determine the different parameters that support the ground water availability such as vegetation, nature of slope, Rain Water Rills(RWR), climatic data and land cover area with help of modern techniques. Pakistan and Saudi Arabia emanates under as Arid or Semi-Arid category of land. Both research area have almost same topography, where ground and river water is not found. Growers irrigate land by saline water of different drain canals (in Pakistan) and Rain Water Rills coming from the uplands. A 61 km wide and 326 km long belt is found in slope of Khirthar Mountain in Sindh, Pakistan, this belt is rain shadowarea. Similarly, WadiDhahban has same geographical features, located near the coastal belt of RedSea, where dozens of RWRs are presents and trembled in the Sea.The maps of groundwater potential of both study areas were designed with the help of RS and GIS software.GIS and RS havesignificant role in mapping of ground-water quality and quantity for assessment and monitoring purposes.It was observed through the maps that both areas have ground water potential. Furthermore, the results indicated that NaiGaj has 30.3 % ground water potential and WadiDhahban has 15.8% ground water potential.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85827685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-18DOI: 10.26692/surj/2019.09.78
A. Q. Chang, K. Lohana, S. Rehman, V. Suthar
Environmental issue associated with various types of power plants, is an international problem. The situation of the environment in developing countries, that it is being damaged and Pakistan is no exception. Energy is produced by different sources, and is creating a range of pollution problems. Consequently, environmental degradation is due to the production of harmful pollution constituents at the source of the energy. The purpose of this research is to determine solutions to such environmental problems and minimize pollution by using environmentally friendly equipment. This paper includes the practical example of ‘Tiefstack Thermal Power station’ in Germany, which is a modern power station with minimum population hazards to the environment. Considering today’s projects of setting up power plants, methods of using sophisticated equipment are chosen to limit the use of landfill and solid waste in the combustion process. Waste minimization measures are produced by modern technology applications, such as improved and efficient furnaces that are economical in fuel use. Increasing the sulphur content in the atmosphere, causing Acid fog, Acid rain, and other factors creating the situation of global warming is examined. Several methods of controlling compounds of sulphur and particulate emissions are described. Various types of nuclear waste are discussed and different types of disposal methods are illustrated. In the end, measures, recommendation and conclusions are drawn, concisely.
{"title":"Protecting Environment through Technology Innovation","authors":"A. Q. Chang, K. Lohana, S. Rehman, V. Suthar","doi":"10.26692/surj/2019.09.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj/2019.09.78","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental issue associated with various types of power plants, is an international problem. The situation of the environment in developing countries, that it is being damaged and Pakistan is no exception. Energy is produced by different sources, and is creating a range of pollution problems. Consequently, environmental degradation is due to the production of harmful pollution constituents at the source of the energy. The purpose of this research is to determine solutions to such environmental problems and minimize pollution by using environmentally friendly equipment. This paper includes the practical example of ‘Tiefstack Thermal Power station’ in Germany, which is a modern power station with minimum population hazards to the environment. Considering today’s projects of setting up power plants, methods of using sophisticated equipment are chosen to limit the use of landfill and solid waste in the combustion process. Waste minimization measures are produced by modern technology applications, such as improved and efficient furnaces that are economical in fuel use. Increasing the sulphur content in the atmosphere, causing Acid fog, Acid rain, and other factors creating the situation of global warming is examined. Several methods of controlling compounds of sulphur and particulate emissions are described. Various types of nuclear waste are discussed and different types of disposal methods are illustrated. In the end, measures, recommendation and conclusions are drawn, concisely.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84803233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-18DOI: 10.26692/surj/2019.09.610
K. Dahri, M. Memon, K. Khoumbati, I. A. Ismaili
The need for integration is not new but it existed since applications moved from central processors to distributed systems and networks. This need has emerged as disparate Information Systems (IS) that automate business processes which run on different computer platforms and have been based on a diversity of standards, operating systems and computer languages. In healthcare, interoperability is the important because of different information systems (IS) to communicate, interchange data, and use of the exchanged information among systems. Blockchain technology can address the interoperability challenges in healthcare systems; it can help healthcare providers, healthcare stakeholders and researchers to share health data in secure way. In this paper, we have proposed a Blockchain based healthcare systems which can address the interoperability issues in healthcare in secure in transparent way.
{"title":"Interoperable Health Care System Using Blockchain Technology","authors":"K. Dahri, M. Memon, K. Khoumbati, I. A. Ismaili","doi":"10.26692/surj/2019.09.610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj/2019.09.610","url":null,"abstract":"The need for integration is not new but it existed since applications moved from central processors to distributed systems and networks. This need has emerged as disparate Information Systems (IS) that automate business processes which run on different computer platforms and have been based on a diversity of standards, operating systems and computer languages. In healthcare, interoperability is the important because of different information systems (IS) to communicate, interchange data, and use of the exchanged information among systems. Blockchain technology can address the interoperability challenges in healthcare systems; it can help healthcare providers, healthcare stakeholders and researchers to share health data in secure way. In this paper, we have proposed a Blockchain based healthcare systems which can address the interoperability issues in healthcare in secure in transparent way.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82253837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-18DOI: 10.26692/surj/2019.09.82
A. A. Ghoto, S. Dero, L. A. Lund, S. A. Kamboh, K. Memon, A. H. Sheikh
In present study the impacts of velocity, thermal and concentration slip boundary conditions of the Williamson nanofluidon the Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow, heat and the mass transfer over a shrinking surface are considered. The magnetohydrodynamic flow is considered in absence of thermal and Joule heating. Using of appropriate similarity transformations, the partial differential equations of the boundary layer have been converted into the ordinary differential equations. To get the required solutions, an efficient Runge-Kutta 4th order technique with shooting method has been utilized in maple programming. In order to check the method precision, we compare our results with published literature and observed to be in excellent agreement. Numerically Gotten solutions have been displayed in form of tables and graphs for a numerous values of flow pertinent parameters, such as, Hartmann number, Schmidt number, thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameter. Furthermore, many other parameters like of non-Newtonian Williamson parameter with slip boundary condition, Prandtl number, Schmidt number and suction parameter have been examined graphically. At long last, the result of the problem is composed as a conclusion in light of the tables and plotted graphs.
{"title":"Slip effects on Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of Williamson Nanofluid over an Exponentially Shrinking Sheet","authors":"A. A. Ghoto, S. Dero, L. A. Lund, S. A. Kamboh, K. Memon, A. H. Sheikh","doi":"10.26692/surj/2019.09.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj/2019.09.82","url":null,"abstract":"In present study the impacts of velocity, thermal and concentration slip boundary conditions of the Williamson nanofluidon the Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow, heat and the mass transfer over a shrinking surface are considered. The magnetohydrodynamic flow is considered in absence of thermal and Joule heating. Using of appropriate similarity transformations, the partial differential equations of the boundary layer have been converted into the ordinary differential equations. To get the required solutions, an efficient Runge-Kutta 4th order technique with shooting method has been utilized in maple programming. In order to check the method precision, we compare our results with published literature and observed to be in excellent agreement. Numerically Gotten solutions have been displayed in form of tables and graphs for a numerous values of flow pertinent parameters, such as, Hartmann number, Schmidt number, thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameter. Furthermore, many other parameters like of non-Newtonian Williamson parameter with slip boundary condition, Prandtl number, Schmidt number and suction parameter have been examined graphically. At long last, the result of the problem is composed as a conclusion in light of the tables and plotted graphs.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83870463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-18DOI: 10.26692/surj/2019.09.76
M. Humayun, R. Siddiqui, S. S. Zia, M. Naseem, I. Mala, A. Nazim
Computer recognize the human written character, words documents comes under the definition of Handwriting Recognition. It’s been and is still an area under research. It has gained prominence due to numerous applications. Like office automation, historic documents preservation, help for the blind etc. In this paper we provide in detail the existing study in Offline Handwritten Characters Recognition. The techniques used in this area of research. We provide a meticulous literature review on different techniques used in Offline Handwritten Character Recognition (HWCR) in different languages.
{"title":"Automated Handwritten Character Recognition using Deep Learning","authors":"M. Humayun, R. Siddiqui, S. S. Zia, M. Naseem, I. Mala, A. Nazim","doi":"10.26692/surj/2019.09.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj/2019.09.76","url":null,"abstract":"Computer recognize the human written character, words documents comes under the definition of Handwriting Recognition. It’s been and is still an area under research. It has gained prominence due to numerous applications. Like office automation, historic documents preservation, help for the blind etc. In this paper we provide in detail the existing study in Offline Handwritten Characters Recognition. The techniques used in this area of research. We provide a meticulous literature review on different techniques used in Offline Handwritten Character Recognition (HWCR) in different languages.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74493910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-18DOI: 10.26692/SURJ/2019.09.65
S. Arshad, H. Hamida, Muhammad Naeem, S. Saddozai, S. Rasul, R. Iqbal
Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are globally endemic affecting the health, growth and development of children world-wide including Pakistan. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the current epidemiological status of IPIs and identify associated risk factors among children from day-care centers in Quetta, Pakistan. Methods: The study involved pre-structured questionnaire and stool tests to obtain epidemiological and disease data. Stool specimens were collected from 150 children [87 males (58%), 63 females (42%)], aged ≤5 years (3.8±1.6). Data were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics and univariate logistic regression methods. Specimens were examined for parasitic infections using saline and Lugol’s wet mount preparation and formol-ether concentration technique. Results: The overall prevalence of IPIs was 28.7% (43/150) (95% CI:21.5-35.9). Children infected with single parasite were 22.7% while 6% represented ployparasitism. The prevalence of protozoan parasitic infections were higher 21.3% (32/150) than helminthic infection 15.3% (23/150). The most common parasite was Entamoebahistolytica 14% (21/150), followed by Hymenolepis nana 8.7% (13/150), Giardia lamblia 7.3% (11/150). Other parasites with lower rates of occurrence were Ascarislumbricoides (4.0%), Taeniaspp (1.3%), and Trichuristrichiura (1.3%). Age (OR=3.5;95% CI:1.56 –8.08), Maternal education (OR=2.5;95% CI:1.2-5.2), type of drinking water (treated/untreated) (OR=2.44;95% CI:1.14 –5.26), hand-washing practice (OR=2.19, 95% CI:1.0-4.6), and soil-eating habit (OR=4.5;95% CI:2.0-10.0) were significantly associated with IPIs. However, no significant difference was found with gender and family size (p>0.05). Conclusion: Due to high occurrence of IPIs among children in Quetta day-care centers, the need for screening, deworming programmes, treatment and health education is advocated.
{"title":"Epidemiological study on Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Children attending Day-Care Centers, Quetta, Pakistan","authors":"S. Arshad, H. Hamida, Muhammad Naeem, S. Saddozai, S. Rasul, R. Iqbal","doi":"10.26692/SURJ/2019.09.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SURJ/2019.09.65","url":null,"abstract":"Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are globally endemic affecting the health, growth and development of children world-wide including Pakistan. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the current epidemiological status of IPIs and identify associated risk factors among children from day-care centers in Quetta, Pakistan. Methods: The study involved pre-structured questionnaire and stool tests to obtain epidemiological and disease data. Stool specimens were collected from 150 children [87 males (58%), 63 females (42%)], aged ≤5 years (3.8±1.6). Data were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics and univariate logistic regression methods. Specimens were examined for parasitic infections using saline and Lugol’s wet mount preparation and formol-ether concentration technique. Results: The overall prevalence of IPIs was 28.7% (43/150) (95% CI:21.5-35.9). Children infected with single parasite were 22.7% while 6% represented ployparasitism. The prevalence of protozoan parasitic infections were higher 21.3% (32/150) than helminthic infection 15.3% (23/150). The most common parasite was Entamoebahistolytica 14% (21/150), followed by Hymenolepis nana 8.7% (13/150), Giardia lamblia 7.3% (11/150). Other parasites with lower rates of occurrence were Ascarislumbricoides (4.0%), Taeniaspp (1.3%), and Trichuristrichiura (1.3%). Age (OR=3.5;95% CI:1.56 –8.08), Maternal education (OR=2.5;95% CI:1.2-5.2), type of drinking water (treated/untreated) (OR=2.44;95% CI:1.14 –5.26), hand-washing practice (OR=2.19, 95% CI:1.0-4.6), and soil-eating habit (OR=4.5;95% CI:2.0-10.0) were significantly associated with IPIs. However, no significant difference was found with gender and family size (p>0.05). Conclusion: Due to high occurrence of IPIs among children in Quetta day-care centers, the need for screening, deworming programmes, treatment and health education is advocated.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89888511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-18DOI: 10.26692/SURJ/2019.09.67
M. H. Zafar, Muhammad Ilyas, Saad Razzaq, F. Maqbool, W. Ahmad, W. Ahmad, S. M. Adnan
Building new software by using existing software that has been developed by using reusability principles is known as software reuse. It results in reduction of effort and time to develop software. It also increases reliability, portability, maintainability and productivity of software product. But the problem is a lack to symmetric way to store reusable components so that retrieval of component done with less time. One of the solutions is to classify reusable components. We use clustering technique to classify reusable components because clustering results in reduction of search space by cataloguing similar objects together. In this research we propose a framework that is used to understand the process of clustering and to give a practical shape to this framework. In this framework software reusable components are provide with their associated parameters. On the basis of these parameters, software reusable components are clustered. Finally proposed clustering algorithm is evaluated by applying this algorithm on different software reusable components. Presentation of results is in the form of table and graph which shows the successful clustering of reusable components.
{"title":"Parametric Based Clustering of Reusable Components","authors":"M. H. Zafar, Muhammad Ilyas, Saad Razzaq, F. Maqbool, W. Ahmad, W. Ahmad, S. M. Adnan","doi":"10.26692/SURJ/2019.09.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/SURJ/2019.09.67","url":null,"abstract":"Building new software by using existing software that has been developed by using reusability principles is known as software reuse. It results in reduction of effort and time to develop software. It also increases reliability, portability, maintainability and productivity of software product. But the problem is a lack to symmetric way to store reusable components so that retrieval of component done with less time. One of the solutions is to classify reusable components. We use clustering technique to classify reusable components because clustering results in reduction of search space by cataloguing similar objects together. In this research we propose a framework that is used to understand the process of clustering and to give a practical shape to this framework. In this framework software reusable components are provide with their associated parameters. On the basis of these parameters, software reusable components are clustered. Finally proposed clustering algorithm is evaluated by applying this algorithm on different software reusable components. Presentation of results is in the form of table and graph which shows the successful clustering of reusable components.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83766657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-18DOI: 10.26692/surj/2019.09.74
F. Abbasi, A. Burdi, R. S. Khan, S. H. F. Naqvi, M. S. Abbasi, A. Nizamani
In process of software development, requirement engineering is one of the main pillars and important elements because of the role it plays. Requirements acts as baseline upon which the pacts between the team members, people using it and those purchasing it are affirmed. For an increasing number of globalization and technological reasons, it is imperative to note that software development has grown in recent years and has resulted in several changes that are crucial in the establishment of development projects. The change is supported and geared by the desire to work round the clock and capitalize on the extensive number of available resources, reduce on expenses and the urge to be near or closer to the users but the negative effect of such applications is the risks associated with gaps in communications. The distributed development of software is a complex phenomenon, facing the challenges like: geographical separation of project members, different time zones, different languages, different backgrounds, team structure, organizational structure, communication and technology to be used for communication and coordination.
{"title":"Requirement Engineering Challenges in Distributed Software Development","authors":"F. Abbasi, A. Burdi, R. S. Khan, S. H. F. Naqvi, M. S. Abbasi, A. Nizamani","doi":"10.26692/surj/2019.09.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26692/surj/2019.09.74","url":null,"abstract":"In process of software development, requirement engineering is one of the main pillars and important elements because of the role it plays. Requirements acts as baseline upon which the pacts between the team members, people using it and those purchasing it are affirmed. For an increasing number of globalization and technological reasons, it is imperative to note that software development has grown in recent years and has resulted in several changes that are crucial in the establishment of development projects. The change is supported and geared by the desire to work round the clock and capitalize on the extensive number of available resources, reduce on expenses and the urge to be near or closer to the users but the negative effect of such applications is the risks associated with gaps in communications. The distributed development of software is a complex phenomenon, facing the challenges like: geographical separation of project members, different time zones, different languages, different backgrounds, team structure, organizational structure, communication and technology to be used for communication and coordination.","PeriodicalId":21635,"journal":{"name":"SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73121543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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