Pub Date : 2024-11-08Epub Date: 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1126/science.adu4093
Adam Mann
Claimed discovery of bizarre pairs of Jupiter-size brown dwarfs spurs debate.
声称发现一对木星大小的奇异褐矮星引发争论。
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Pub Date : 2024-11-08Epub Date: 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1126/science.adu4088
Elizabeth Pennisi
Still looking for funds, Earth BioGenome Project has compiled 3000 eukaryotic genomes.
地球生物基因组计划仍在寻找资金，该计划已汇编了 3000 个真核生物基因组。
{"title":"Effort to sequence all complex life ramps up.","authors":"Elizabeth Pennisi","doi":"10.1126/science.adu4088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adu4088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Still looking for funds, Earth BioGenome Project has compiled 3000 eukaryotic genomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6722","pages":"604-605"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08Epub Date: 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1126/science.adu4090
Vaishnavi Chandrashekhar
Findings from analyses of human bones could be politically sensitive.
人骨分析结果可能具有政治敏感性。
{"title":"India looks to ancient DNA to track migrations.","authors":"Vaishnavi Chandrashekhar","doi":"10.1126/science.adu4090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adu4090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Findings from analyses of human bones could be politically sensitive.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6722","pages":"607"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simultaneous recordings from hundreds or thousands of neurons are becoming routine because of innovations in instrumentation, molecular tools, and data processing software. Such recordings can be analyzed with data science methods, but it is not immediately clear what methods to use or how to adapt them for neuroscience applications. We review, categorize, and illustrate diverse analysis methods for neural population recordings and describe how these methods have been used to make progress on longstanding questions in neuroscience. We review a variety of approaches, ranging from the mathematically simple to the complex, from exploratory to hypothesis-driven, and from recently developed to more established methods. We also illustrate some of the common statistical pitfalls in analyzing large-scale neural data.
{"title":"Analysis methods for large-scale neuronal recordings","authors":"Carsen Stringer, Marius Pachitariu","doi":"10.1126/science.adp7429","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adp7429","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Simultaneous recordings from hundreds or thousands of neurons are becoming routine because of innovations in instrumentation, molecular tools, and data processing software. Such recordings can be analyzed with data science methods, but it is not immediately clear what methods to use or how to adapt them for neuroscience applications. We review, categorize, and illustrate diverse analysis methods for neural population recordings and describe how these methods have been used to make progress on longstanding questions in neuroscience. We review a variety of approaches, ranging from the mathematically simple to the complex, from exploratory to hypothesis-driven, and from recently developed to more established methods. We also illustrate some of the common statistical pitfalls in analyzing large-scale neural data.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6722","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142594612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08Epub Date: 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1126/science.adu4089
Warren Cornwall
When is it too hot to use a fan? Experiments in older people give different numbers.
什么时候使用风扇太热？在老年人身上进行的实验得出了不同的数字。
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Gordon Rix, Rory L. Williams, Vincent J. Hu, Aviv Spinner, Alexander (Olek) Pisera, Debora S. Marks, Chang C. Liu
When nature evolves a gene over eons at scale, it produces a diversity of homologous sequences with patterns of conservation and change that contain rich structural, functional, and historical information about the gene. However, natural gene diversity accumulates slowly and likely excludes large regions of functional sequence space, limiting the information that is encoded and extractable. We introduce upgraded orthogonal DNA replication (OrthoRep) systems that radically accelerate the evolution of chosen genes under selection in yeast. When applied to a maladapted biosynthetic enzyme, we obtained collections of extensively diverged sequences with patterns that revealed structural and environmental constraints shaping the enzyme’s activity. Our upgraded OrthoRep systems should support the discovery of factors influencing gene evolution, uncover previously unknown regions of fitness landscapes, and find broad applications in biomolecular engineering.
当自然界对一个基因进行长时期的大规模进化时，会产生具有保存和变化模式的同源序列多样性，其中包含有关该基因的丰富结构、功能和历史信息。然而，自然基因多样性积累缓慢，很可能排除了功能序列空间的大片区域，从而限制了编码和提取的信息。我们介绍了升级的正交 DNA 复制（OrthoRep）系统，它能从根本上加速酵母中选择基因的进化。当应用于一种适应不良的生物合成酶时，我们获得了广泛分歧的序列集合，其模式揭示了影响酶活性的结构和环境制约因素。我们升级的 OrthoRep 系统将有助于发现影响基因进化的因素，揭示先前未知的适应性景观区域，并在生物分子工程中找到广泛的应用。
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Pub Date : 2024-11-08Epub Date: 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1126/science.adu4091
Paul Voosen
Support grows for "natural law" that applies evolution to mineralogy, chemistry, and fusion.
将进化论应用于矿物学、化学和核聚变的 "自然法 "得到越来越多的支持。
{"title":"Life evolves. How about everything else?","authors":"Paul Voosen","doi":"10.1126/science.adu4091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adu4091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Support grows for \"natural law\" that applies evolution to mineralogy, chemistry, and fusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6722","pages":"608-609"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08Epub Date: 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1126/science.adu4092
Meredith Wadman
Rena D'Souza, who faces allegations of workplace misconduct, is suing the agency for discrimination.
面临工作场所不当行为指控的 Rena D'Souza 控告该机构歧视她。
{"title":"NIH dental institute director on leave for nearly 7 months.","authors":"Meredith Wadman","doi":"10.1126/science.adu4092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adu4092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rena D'Souza, who faces allegations of workplace misconduct, is suing the agency for discrimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6722","pages":"609-610"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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