Plants are frequently challenged by osmotic stresses. How plant cells sense environmental osmolarity changes is not fully understood. We report that Arabidopsis Decapping 5 (DCP5) functions as a multifunctional cytoplasmic osmosensor that senses and responds to extracellular hyperosmolarity. DCP5 harbors a plant-specific intramolecular crowding sensor (ICS) that undergoes conformational change and drives phase separation in response to osmotically intensified molecular crowding. Upon hyperosmolarity exposure, DCP5 rapidly and reversibly assembles to DCP5-enriched osmotic stress granules (DOSGs), which sequestrate plenty of mRNA and regulatory proteins, and thus adaptively reprograms both the translatome and transcriptome to facilitate plant osmotic stress adaptation. Our findings uncover a cytoplasmic osmosensing mechanism mediated by DCP5 with plant-specific molecular crowding sensitivity and suggest a stress sensory function for hyperosmotically induced stress granules.
{"title":"A cytoplasmic osmosensing mechanism mediated by molecular crowding–sensitive DCP5","authors":"Zhenyu Wang, Qiuhua Yang, Dan Zhang, Yuanyi Lu, Yichuan Wang, Yajie Pan, Yuping Qiu, Yongfan Men, Wei Yan, Zhina Xiao, Ruixue Sun, Wenyang Li, Hongda Huang, Hongwei Guo","doi":"10.1126/science.adk9067","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adk9067","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Plants are frequently challenged by osmotic stresses. How plant cells sense environmental osmolarity changes is not fully understood. We report that <i>Arabidopsis</i> Decapping 5 (DCP5) functions as a multifunctional cytoplasmic osmosensor that senses and responds to extracellular hyperosmolarity. DCP5 harbors a plant-specific intramolecular crowding sensor (ICS) that undergoes conformational change and drives phase separation in response to osmotically intensified molecular crowding. Upon hyperosmolarity exposure, DCP5 rapidly and reversibly assembles to DCP5-enriched osmotic stress granules (DOSGs), which sequestrate plenty of mRNA and regulatory proteins, and thus adaptively reprograms both the translatome and transcriptome to facilitate plant osmotic stress adaptation. Our findings uncover a cytoplasmic osmosensing mechanism mediated by DCP5 with plant-specific molecular crowding sensitivity and suggest a stress sensory function for hyperosmotically induced stress granules.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6721","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jerika J. Barron, Nicholas M. Mroz, Sunrae E. Taloma, Madelene W. Dahlgren, Jorge F. Ortiz-Carpena, Matthew G. Keefe, Caroline C. Escoubas, Leah C. Dorman, Ilia D. Vainchtein, Pailin Chiaranunt, Maya E. Kotas, Tomasz J. Nowakowski, Kevin J. Bender, Ari B. Molofsky, Anna V. Molofsky
The innate immune system shapes brain development and is implicated in neurodevelopmental diseases. It is critical to define the relevant immune cells and signals and their impact on brain circuits. In this work, we found that group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and their cytokine interleukin-13 (IL-13) signaled directly to inhibitory interneurons to increase inhibitory synapse density in the developing mouse brain. ILC2s expanded and produced IL-13 in the developing brain meninges. Loss of ILC2s or IL-13 signaling to interneurons decreased inhibitory, but not excitatory, cortical synapses. Conversely, ILC2s and IL-13 were sufficient to increase inhibitory synapses. Loss of this signaling pathway led to selective impairments in social interaction. These data define a type 2 neuroimmune circuit in early life that shapes inhibitory synapse development and behavior.
{"title":"Group 2 innate lymphoid cells promote inhibitory synapse development and social behavior","authors":"Jerika J. Barron, Nicholas M. Mroz, Sunrae E. Taloma, Madelene W. Dahlgren, Jorge F. Ortiz-Carpena, Matthew G. Keefe, Caroline C. Escoubas, Leah C. Dorman, Ilia D. Vainchtein, Pailin Chiaranunt, Maya E. Kotas, Tomasz J. Nowakowski, Kevin J. Bender, Ari B. Molofsky, Anna V. Molofsky","doi":"10.1126/science.adi1025","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adi1025","url":null,"abstract":"<div >The innate immune system shapes brain development and is implicated in neurodevelopmental diseases. It is critical to define the relevant immune cells and signals and their impact on brain circuits. In this work, we found that group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and their cytokine interleukin-13 (IL-13) signaled directly to inhibitory interneurons to increase inhibitory synapse density in the developing mouse brain. ILC2s expanded and produced IL-13 in the developing brain meninges. Loss of ILC2s or IL-13 signaling to interneurons decreased inhibitory, but not excitatory, cortical synapses. Conversely, ILC2s and IL-13 were sufficient to increase inhibitory synapses. Loss of this signaling pathway led to selective impairments in social interaction. These data define a type 2 neuroimmune circuit in early life that shapes inhibitory synapse development and behavior.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6721","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roberto Arbore, Soraia Barbosa, Jindich Brejcha, Yohey Ogawa, Yu Liu, Michaël P. J. Nicolaï, Paulo Pereira, Stephen J. Sabatino, Alison Cloutier, Emily Shui Kei Poon, Cristiana I. Marques, Pedro Andrade, Gerben Debruyn, Sandra Afonso, Rita Afonso, Shatadru Ghosh Roy, Uri Abdu, Ricardo J. Lopes, Peter Mojzeš, Petr Marík, Simon Yung Wa Sin, Michael A. White, Pedro M. Araújo, Joseph C. Corbo, Miguel Carneiro
Parrots produce stunning plumage colors through unique pigments called psittacofulvins. However, the mechanism underlying their ability to generate a spectrum of vibrant yellows, reds, and greens remains enigmatic. We uncover a unifying chemical basis for a wide range of parrot plumage colors, which result from the selective deposition of red aldehyde- and yellow carboxyl-containing psittacofulvin molecules in developing feathers. Through genetic mapping, biochemical assays, and single-cell genomics, we identified a critical player in this process, the aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH3A2, which oxidizes aldehyde psittacofulvins into carboxyl forms in late-differentiating keratinocytes during feather development. The simplicity of the underlying molecular mechanism, in which a single enzyme influences the balance of red and yellow pigments, offers an explanation for the exceptional evolutionary lability of parrot coloration.
{"title":"A molecular mechanism for bright color variation in parrots","authors":"Roberto Arbore, Soraia Barbosa, Jindich Brejcha, Yohey Ogawa, Yu Liu, Michaël P. J. Nicolaï, Paulo Pereira, Stephen J. Sabatino, Alison Cloutier, Emily Shui Kei Poon, Cristiana I. Marques, Pedro Andrade, Gerben Debruyn, Sandra Afonso, Rita Afonso, Shatadru Ghosh Roy, Uri Abdu, Ricardo J. Lopes, Peter Mojzeš, Petr Marík, Simon Yung Wa Sin, Michael A. White, Pedro M. Araújo, Joseph C. Corbo, Miguel Carneiro","doi":"10.1126/science.adp7710","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adp7710","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Parrots produce stunning plumage colors through unique pigments called psittacofulvins. However, the mechanism underlying their ability to generate a spectrum of vibrant yellows, reds, and greens remains enigmatic. We uncover a unifying chemical basis for a wide range of parrot plumage colors, which result from the selective deposition of red aldehyde- and yellow carboxyl-containing psittacofulvin molecules in developing feathers. Through genetic mapping, biochemical assays, and single-cell genomics, we identified a critical player in this process, the aldehyde dehydrogenase <i>ALDH3A2</i>, which oxidizes aldehyde psittacofulvins into carboxyl forms in late-differentiating keratinocytes during feather development. The simplicity of the underlying molecular mechanism, in which a single enzyme influences the balance of red and yellow pigments, offers an explanation for the exceptional evolutionary lability of parrot coloration.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6721","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1126/science.adu2383
Jennifer Couzin-Frankel
Clinicians and patients weigh modest benefits of the antibodies against sometimes-serious side effects.
临床医生和患者会权衡抗体的适度益处和有时严重的副作用。
{"title":"Alzheimer's drug approvals create prescribing dilemmas.","authors":"Jennifer Couzin-Frankel","doi":"10.1126/science.adu2383","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adu2383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinicians and patients weigh modest benefits of the antibodies against sometimes-serious side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6721","pages":"472-473"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1126/science.adu2388
{"title":"News at a glance.","authors":"","doi":"10.1126/science.adu2388","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adu2388","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6721","pages":"470-471"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1126/science.adu2101
Kai Kupferschmidt
Researchers are trying to "inoculate" people against misinformation by giving them small doses.
研究人员正试图通过小剂量给人们 "接种 "错误信息。
{"title":"You won't believe this.","authors":"Kai Kupferschmidt","doi":"10.1126/science.adu2101","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adu2101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Researchers are trying to \"inoculate\" people against misinformation by giving them small doses.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6721","pages":"483-485"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shenyang Huang, Boyang Yu, Yixuan Ma, Chenghao Pan, Junwei Ma, Yuxuan Zhou, Yaozhenghang Ma, Ke Yang, Hua Wu, Yuchen Lei, Qiaoxia Xing, Lei Mu, Jiasheng Zhang, Yanlin Mou, Hugen Yan
Bright dipolar excitons, which contain electrical dipoles and have high oscillator strength, are an ideal platform for studying correlated quantum phenomena. They usually rely on carrier tunneling between two quantum wells or two layers to hybridize with nondipolar excitons to gain oscillator strength. In this work, we uncovered a new type of bright infrared dipolar exciton by stacking 90°-twisted black phosphorus (BP) structures. These excitons, inherent to the reconstructed band structure, exhibit high oscillator strength. Most importantly, they inherit the linear polarization from BP, which allows light polarization to be used to select the dipole direction. Moreover, the dipole moment and resonance energy can be widely tuned by the thickness of the BP. Our results demonstrate a useful platform for exploring tunable correlated dipolar excitons.
明亮的偶极激子含有电偶极子，具有很高的振荡器强度，是研究相关量子现象的理想平台。它们通常依赖两个量子阱或两个层之间的载流子隧道，与非偶极激子杂化，从而获得振荡强度。在这项工作中，我们通过堆叠 90° 扭曲的黑磷（BP）结构，发现了一种新型明亮的红外双极性激子。这些激子是重建带状结构所固有的，具有很高的振荡器强度。最重要的是，它们继承了 BP 的线性偏振，从而可以利用光偏振来选择偶极子方向。此外，偶极矩和共振能量可以通过 BP 的厚度进行广泛调整。我们的研究结果为探索可调谐相关偶极激子提供了一个有用的平台。
{"title":"Bright dipolar excitons in twisted black phosphorus homostructures","authors":"Shenyang Huang, Boyang Yu, Yixuan Ma, Chenghao Pan, Junwei Ma, Yuxuan Zhou, Yaozhenghang Ma, Ke Yang, Hua Wu, Yuchen Lei, Qiaoxia Xing, Lei Mu, Jiasheng Zhang, Yanlin Mou, Hugen Yan","doi":"10.1126/science.adq2977","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adq2977","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Bright dipolar excitons, which contain electrical dipoles and have high oscillator strength, are an ideal platform for studying correlated quantum phenomena. They usually rely on carrier tunneling between two quantum wells or two layers to hybridize with nondipolar excitons to gain oscillator strength. In this work, we uncovered a new type of bright infrared dipolar exciton by stacking 90°-twisted black phosphorus (BP) structures. These excitons, inherent to the reconstructed band structure, exhibit high oscillator strength. Most importantly, they inherit the linear polarization from BP, which allows light polarization to be used to select the dipole direction. Moreover, the dipole moment and resonance energy can be widely tuned by the thickness of the BP. Our results demonstrate a useful platform for exploring tunable correlated dipolar excitons.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6721","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Schwarzer, Dmitriy Borodin, Yingqi Wang, Jan Fingerhut, Theofanis N. Kitsopoulos, Daniel J. Auerbach, Hua Guo, Alec M. Wodtke
Atomic-scale structures that account for the acceleration of reactivity by heterogeneous catalysts often form only under reaction conditions of high temperatures and pressures, making them impossible to observe with low-temperature, ultra-high-vacuum methods. We present velocity-resolved kinetics measurements for catalytic hydrogen oxidation on palladium over a wide range of surface concentrations and at high temperatures. The rates exhibit a complex dependence on oxygen coverage and step density, which can be quantitatively explained by a density functional and transition-state theory–based kinetic model involving a cooperatively stabilized configuration of at least three oxygen atoms at steps. Here, two oxygen atoms recruit a third oxygen atom to a nearby binding site to produce an active configuration that is far more reactive than isolated oxygen atoms. Thus, hydrogen oxidation on palladium provides a clear example of how reactivity can be enhanced on a working catalyst.
{"title":"Cooperative adsorbate binding catalyzes high-temperature hydrogen oxidation on palladium","authors":"Michael Schwarzer, Dmitriy Borodin, Yingqi Wang, Jan Fingerhut, Theofanis N. Kitsopoulos, Daniel J. Auerbach, Hua Guo, Alec M. Wodtke","doi":"10.1126/science.adk1334","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adk1334","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Atomic-scale structures that account for the acceleration of reactivity by heterogeneous catalysts often form only under reaction conditions of high temperatures and pressures, making them impossible to observe with low-temperature, ultra-high-vacuum methods. We present velocity-resolved kinetics measurements for catalytic hydrogen oxidation on palladium over a wide range of surface concentrations and at high temperatures. The rates exhibit a complex dependence on oxygen coverage and step density, which can be quantitatively explained by a density functional and transition-state theory–based kinetic model involving a cooperatively stabilized configuration of at least three oxygen atoms at steps. Here, two oxygen atoms recruit a third oxygen atom to a nearby binding site to produce an active configuration that is far more reactive than isolated oxygen atoms. Thus, hydrogen oxidation on palladium provides a clear example of how reactivity can be enhanced on a working catalyst.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6721","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Di Jiang, Sarah H. Ross, Bianca Lopez, Sumin Jin, Marc S. Lavine, Ekeoma Uzogara, Jake S. Yeston
{"title":"In Other Journals","authors":"Di Jiang, Sarah H. Ross, Bianca Lopez, Sumin Jin, Marc S. Lavine, Ekeoma Uzogara, Jake S. Yeston","doi":"10.1126/science.adu2105","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adu2105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"386 6721","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/science.adu2105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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