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Fall Books 2024 2024 年秋季书籍
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
Science
Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1126/science.ads4182
Kalpana Shankar, Carolyn Wong Simpkins, Marianne Lalonde, Jessica D. Eisner, Lawrence D. Meinert, Rosemarie Szostak, Sarah Dewey, Xoco A. Shinbrot, Brian Carter, Benn Tannenbaum
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引用次数: 0
Insulating electromagnetic-shielding silicone compound enables direct potting electronics 绝缘电磁屏蔽硅化合物可直接灌封电子器件
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
Science
Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1126/science.adp6581
Xinfeng Zhou, Peng Min, Yue Liu, Meng Jin, Zhong-Zhen Yu, Hao-Bin Zhang
Traditional electromagnetic interference–shielding materials are predominantly electrically conductive, posing short-circuit risks when applied in highly integrated electronics. To overcome this dilemma, we propose a microcapacitor-structure model comprising conductive fillers as polar plates and intermediate polymer as a dielectric layer to develop insulating electromagnetic interference–shielding polymer composites. The electron oscillation in plates and dipole polarization in dielectric layers contribute to the reflection and absorption of electromagnetic waves. Guided by this, the synergistic nonpercolation densification and dielectric enhancement enable our composite to combine high resistivity, shielding performance, and thermal conductivity. Its insulating feature allows for direct potting into the crevices among assembled components to address electromagnetic compatibility and heat-accumulation issues.
传统的电磁干扰屏蔽材料主要是导电性的，在应用于高度集成的电子产品时存在短路风险。为了克服这一困境，我们提出了一种微电容器结构模型，将导电填料作为极板，中间聚合物作为介电层，从而开发出绝缘电磁干扰屏蔽聚合物复合材料。极板中的电子振荡和介电层中的偶极极化有助于电磁波的反射和吸收。在此指导下，非渗透致密化和介电增强的协同作用使我们的复合材料兼具高电阻率、屏蔽性能和导热性能。它的绝缘特性使其可以直接灌封到组装元件的缝隙中，从而解决电磁兼容性和热量积聚问题。
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引用次数: 0
Institutional data repositories are vital 机构数据储存库至关重要
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
Science
Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade0789
Jen Darragh, Mikala R. Narlock, Halle Burns, Peter A. Cerda, Wind Cowles, Leslie Delserone, Seth Erickson, Joel Herndon, Heidi Imker, Lisa R. Johnston, Sherry Lake, Michael Lenard, Alicia Hofelich Mohr, Jennifer Moore, Jonathan Petters, Brandie Pullen, Shawna Taylor, Briana Wham
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引用次数: 0
Old poliovirus sample hints at recent lab leak. 陈旧的脊髓灰质炎病毒样本暗示实验室最近发生泄漏。
IF 56.9 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
Science
Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1126/science.adt0786
Kai Kupferschmidt
Strain that infected a Chinese child in 2014 is close to one Albert Sabin sent to Paris in 1960.
2014 年感染一名中国儿童的菌株与 1960 年阿尔伯特-萨宾送往巴黎的菌株相似。
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引用次数: 0
Offsets, carbon markets, and climate and economic justice 抵消、碳市场以及气候和经济正义
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
Science
Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1126/science.ads1902
Rohini Pande
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引用次数: 0
Mega El Niño instigated the end-Permian mass extinction 特大厄尔尼诺现象引发了二叠纪末大灭绝
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
Science
Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado2030
Yadong Sun, Alexander Farnsworth, Michael M. Joachimski, Paul B. Wignall, Leopold Krystyn, David P. G. Bond, Domenico C. G. Ravidà, Paul J. Valdes
The ultimate driver of the end-Permian mass extinction is a topic of much debate. Here, we used a multiproxy and paleoclimate modeling approach to establish a unifying theory elucidating the heightened susceptibility of the Pangean world to the prolonged and intensified El Niño events leading to an extinction state. As atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide doubled from about 410 to about 860 ppm (parts per million) in the latest Permian, the meridional overturning circulation collapsed, the Hadley cell contracted, and El Niños intensified. The resultant deforestation, reef demise, and plankton crisis marked the start of a cascading environmental disaster. Reduced carbon sequestration initiated positive feedback, producing a warmer hothouse and, consequently, stronger El Niños. The compounding effects of elevated climate variability and mean state warming led to catastrophic but diachronous terrestrial and marine losses.
二叠纪末大灭绝的最终驱动因素是一个备受争议的话题。在这里，我们采用了多代理和古气候建模的方法，建立了一个统一的理论，阐明了潘吉安世界更容易受到长期和加剧的厄尔尼诺现象的影响，从而导致大灭绝状态。在最近的二叠纪，大气中的二氧化碳分压翻了一番，从约 410ppm 增加到约 860ppm（百万分率），经向翻转环流崩溃，哈德利气室收缩，厄尔尼诺现象加剧。随之而来的森林砍伐、珊瑚礁消亡和浮游生物危机标志着一连串环境灾难的开始。碳封存的减少引发了正反馈，产生了更温暖的温室，从而导致更强烈的厄尔尼诺现象。气候变异性增加和平均状态变暖的复合效应导致了灾难性的、但不同步的陆地和海洋损失。
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引用次数: 0
Stoichiometric reconstruction of the Al2O3(0001) surface Al2O3(0001) 表面的化学计量重构
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
Science
Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1126/science.adq4744
Johanna I. Hütner, Andrea Conti, David Kugler, Florian Mittendorfer, Georg Kresse, Michael Schmid, Ulrike Diebold, Jan Balajka
Macroscopic properties of materials stem from fundamental atomic-scale details, yet for insulators, resolving surface structures remains a challenge. We imaged the basal (0001) plane of α–aluminum oxide (α-Al2O3) using noncontact atomic force microscopy with an atomically defined tip apex. The surface formed a complex (31 × 31)R±9° reconstruction. The lateral positions of the individual oxygen and aluminum surface atoms come directly from experiment; we determined with computational modeling how these connect to the underlying crystal bulk. Before the restructuring, the surface Al atoms assume an unfavorable, threefold planar coordination; the reconstruction allows a rehybridization with subsurface O that leads to a substantial energy gain. The reconstructed surface remains stoichiometric, Al2O3.
材料的宏观特性源于基本的原子尺度细节，然而对于绝缘体来说，解析表面结构仍然是一项挑战。我们利用非接触式原子力显微镜和原子定义的尖端顶点，对α-氧化铝（α-Al2O3）的基底（0001）面进行了成像。表面形成了复杂的 (31 × 31)R±9° 重构。各个氧和铝表面原子的横向位置直接来自实验；我们通过计算建模确定了这些原子与底层晶体体的连接方式。重构前，表面铝原子具有不利的三倍平面配位；重构后，表面下的 O 原子重新杂化，从而获得了大量的能量增益。重构后的表面仍然是化学计量的 Al2O3。
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引用次数: 0
In Science Journals 科学杂志
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
Science
Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1126/science.adt0512
Brent Grocholski, Aaron Shaw, Bianca Lopez, Ankit Walia, Michael A. Funk, Marc S. Lavine, Hannah M. Isles, Sarah H. Ross, Ekeoma Uzogara, Yevgeniya Nusinovich, Caroline Ash, Phil Szuromi, Jake S. Yeston, Courtney Malo, Jesse Smith, Wei Wong
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引用次数: 0
Decoding the surface of a complex oxide 解码复杂氧化物的表面
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
Science
Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1126/science.ads0942
Franz J. Giessibl, Alfred John Weymouth
Nature usually finds a way to lower the free energy at the surface of a crystal. It is often too costly, thermodynamically, for surface atoms to maintain the bulk termination—the structure of the atoms and bonds deep below the surface. Thus, the surface of a crystal undergoes reconstruction through rearrangement and distortion, which affect materials’ properties. Elucidating complex surface reconstruction of crystals is challenging for insulating materials such as aluminum oxide (Al2O3) because conventional surface imaging tools that provide atomic resolution require a conducting or semiconducting surface. On page 1241 of this issue, Hütner et al. (1) report a milestone in surface science by revealing the precise atomic ordering of a reconstructed α-Al2O3 surface by use of atomic force microscopy (AFM). This contributes to building a complete model of the atomic layers connecting the surface to the bulk, which is not accessible by imaging tools.
大自然通常会想办法降低晶体表面的自由能。从热力学角度来看，表面原子要维持表面深处的原子和键的整体终止结构，往往代价太高。因此，晶体表面会通过重排和变形进行重构，从而影响材料的特性。对于氧化铝 (Al2O3) 等绝缘材料来说，阐明复杂的晶体表面重构具有挑战性，因为提供原子分辨率的传统表面成像工具需要导电或半导体表面。本期第 1241 页上，Hütner 等人（1）通过使用原子力显微镜（AFM）揭示了重建的 αAl2O3 表面的精确原子排序，报告了表面科学领域的一个里程碑。这有助于建立一个连接表面和主体的原子层的完整模型，而成像工具是无法实现这一点的。
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引用次数: 0
ChatGPT to the rescue? ChatGPT 来帮忙？
IF 44.7 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
Science
Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1126/science.adt0007
H. Holden Thorp
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引用次数: 0
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