SAHAR. O. Ahmed, Sally H Abou-Khadra, Alaa S. Saad, S. Nagati
In dairy industry, bovine mastitis is the most prevalent disease, which reduces milk production and causes economic losses. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Mycoplasma bovis and some bacteria causing mastitis in dairy farms and partial sequencing of 16SrRNA target genes and Quinolones Resistance Determining Regions (QRDRs) (gyrA and parC) in M. bovis isolates. 370 milk samples were obtained from farms located in villages in Fayoum governorate, Egypt. The examined milk samples (8,91%) were positive for the California mastitis test (CMT). Multiplex RT-PCR was used for the recognition of microorganisms causing mastitis (Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, Streptococcus species (spp.), Escherichia (E.) coli, and Mycoplasma (M.) bovis) from mastitic milk. The results revealed that E. coli was the most predominant (84.8%) followed by S. aureus (81.8%) while M. bovis was the lowest one (51.5%). Mixed infection with two or more mastitic bacterial agents was also identified. All 33 examined mastitic milk samples were diagnosed with mixed infection with E. coli, S. aureus, Streptococcus spp. and M. bovis (36.36%), E. coli and S. aureus (21.21%), and rephrase E. coli, M. bovis, and Streptococcus spp. (6.06%). The sequence analysis of M. bovis 16SrRNA genes illustrated a high similarity of examined isolates to strains previously deposited in the GenBank recovered from the same locality. The gyrA amino acids showed no substitution but showed 100% similarity with M. bovis isolates worldwide. However, the amino acid sequence of parC, showed substitution at positions 2 (Gln to Arg) (CAG >>CGT), 75 (Ile to Ser) (ATT>>AGC), and 79 (Asn to Asp) (AAC>>GAT). Sequence results can lead to the creation of appropriate treatment and control measures for M. bovis, while multiplex RT-PCR, can be exploited as a standard diagnostic method for major mastitis pathogens.
{"title":"MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION SOME BACTERIAL PATHOGENS CAUSING BOVINE MASTITIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO Mycoplasma bovis","authors":"SAHAR. O. Ahmed, Sally H Abou-Khadra, Alaa S. Saad, S. Nagati","doi":"10.26873/svr-1581-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1581-2022","url":null,"abstract":"In dairy industry, bovine mastitis is the most prevalent disease, which reduces milk production and causes economic losses. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Mycoplasma bovis and some bacteria causing mastitis in dairy farms and partial sequencing of 16SrRNA target genes and Quinolones Resistance Determining Regions (QRDRs) (gyrA and parC) in M. bovis isolates. 370 milk samples were obtained from farms located in villages in Fayoum governorate, Egypt. The examined milk samples (8,91%) were positive for the California mastitis test (CMT). Multiplex RT-PCR was used for the recognition of microorganisms causing mastitis (Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, Streptococcus species (spp.), Escherichia (E.) coli, and Mycoplasma (M.) bovis) from mastitic milk. The results revealed that E. coli was the most predominant (84.8%) followed by S. aureus (81.8%) while M. bovis was the lowest one (51.5%). Mixed infection with two or more mastitic bacterial agents was also identified. All 33 examined mastitic milk samples were diagnosed with mixed infection with E. coli, S. aureus, Streptococcus spp. and M. bovis (36.36%), E. coli and S. aureus (21.21%), and rephrase E. coli, M. bovis, and Streptococcus spp. (6.06%). The sequence analysis of M. bovis 16SrRNA genes illustrated a high similarity of examined isolates to strains previously deposited in the GenBank recovered from the same locality. The gyrA amino acids showed no substitution but showed 100% similarity with M. bovis isolates worldwide. However, the amino acid sequence of parC, showed substitution at positions 2 (Gln to Arg) (CAG >>CGT), 75 (Ile to Ser) (ATT>>AGC), and 79 (Asn to Asp) (AAC>>GAT). Sequence results can lead to the creation of appropriate treatment and control measures for M. bovis, while multiplex RT-PCR, can be exploited as a standard diagnostic method for major mastitis pathogens.","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49309710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) has lately arisen as a major problem in poultry production due to poor growth, high mortalities. We successfully used PCR on seven flocks of chickens (three breeder and four broiler) in the Egyptian governorates of Dakahlia and Damietta to detect CIAV in tissues of probable CIAV-infected birds. Numerous substances, including triterpenoids and glycosides, are found in Neem and are assumed to be the source of its antiviral effects. All birds were randomly allocated into eight groups (n=20 each) for different treatments, including vaccination, feeding Neem 8%, feeding infected birds 8%, vaccination and infected birds, feeding infected birds 8%, and finally feeding infected birds 8% and vaccination. One-hundred and sixty birds were randomly divided into eight groups (n=20 each). The groups were differentially-treated as the followings; healthy birds, birds infected with CIAV, birds fed Neem 8%, infected birds fed Neem 8%, vaccinated birds, vaccinated and infected birds, birds fed Neem 8% and vaccinated, and finally the infected ones fed Neem 8% and vaccinated. The study is aimed to detect the immunostimulant effect of Neem leaves extract 8% on immune response post vaccination against CIAV in broilers. The group taken immunstimulant (Neem leaves extract 8%) along with vaccination increased immune response of birds since titers of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were 15200 (P≤ 0.05) than the group valued 14732 of vaccination only. However, in groups (Neem vaccinated infected, infected and vaccinated infected) were 14663, 12600 and 12091 (P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Infected group exhibited indications of CIAV as despondency, while group vaccinated and treated with Neem leaves extract 8% appeared normal after challenging with CIAV. The hematocrit values of infected group and vaccinated treated infected group were 21 and 30, respectively. Histopathological changes in Neem vaccinated group after challenging with CIAV showed increasing in the thickness of both cortex and medulla of thymic lobules beside over population. In the latest group, bone marrow showed activation and proliferated hemopoitic elements with regenerative centers. We conclude that the combination of Neem leaves extracts 8% and CIAV vaccination is a potent antiviral and has immunstimulant properties during the production cycle of broilers.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF NEEM LEAVES EXTRACT AS IMMUNSTIMULANT BEFORE CHICKEN INFECTIOUS ANEMIA VACCINATION IN BROILERS","authors":"A. Hegazy, A. Kamel, I. Rehan, Hala M N Tolba","doi":"10.26873/svr-1550-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1550-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) has lately arisen as a major problem in poultry production due to poor growth, high mortalities. We successfully used PCR on seven flocks of chickens (three breeder and four broiler) in the Egyptian governorates of Dakahlia and Damietta to detect CIAV in tissues of probable CIAV-infected birds. Numerous substances, including triterpenoids and glycosides, are found in Neem and are assumed to be the source of its antiviral effects. All birds were randomly allocated into eight groups (n=20 each) for different treatments, including vaccination, feeding Neem 8%, feeding infected birds 8%, vaccination and infected birds, feeding infected birds 8%, and finally feeding infected birds 8% and vaccination. One-hundred and sixty birds were randomly divided into eight groups (n=20 each). The groups were differentially-treated as the followings; healthy birds, birds infected with CIAV, birds fed Neem 8%, infected birds fed Neem 8%, vaccinated birds, vaccinated and infected birds, birds fed Neem 8% and vaccinated, and finally the infected ones fed Neem 8% and vaccinated. The study is aimed to detect the immunostimulant effect of Neem leaves extract 8% on immune response post vaccination against CIAV in broilers. The group taken immunstimulant (Neem leaves extract 8%) along with vaccination increased immune response of birds since titers of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were 15200 (P≤ 0.05) than the group valued 14732 of vaccination only. However, in groups (Neem vaccinated infected, infected and vaccinated infected) were 14663, 12600 and 12091 (P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Infected group exhibited indications of CIAV as despondency, while group vaccinated and treated with Neem leaves extract 8% appeared normal after challenging with CIAV. The hematocrit values of infected group and vaccinated treated infected group were 21 and 30, respectively. Histopathological changes in Neem vaccinated group after challenging with CIAV showed increasing in the thickness of both cortex and medulla of thymic lobules beside over population. In the latest group, bone marrow showed activation and proliferated hemopoitic elements with regenerative centers. We conclude that the combination of Neem leaves extracts 8% and CIAV vaccination is a potent antiviral and has immunstimulant properties during the production cycle of broilers.","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48833633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soad Menshawy, B. Essa, Sabah I Shaaban, Mohamed Hamada, Sahar F. Mahmoud, M. AbouLaila, S. Sorour
Sarcocystosis considerably occurs in a wide host range including animals, reptiles, humans, and birds. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. using abattoir inspection, genetic characterization, as well as histopathology in water buffaloes in two provinces, Elbehera and Kafrelsheikh, Egypt. Specimens were collected from esophagus, tongue, and masseters of 400 slaughtered buffaloes in Elbehera (n= 215) and Kafrelsheikh (n= 185). Samples were examined macroscopically and histopathologically. Furthermore, genetic characterization of Sarcocystis spp. was performed using the 18SrRNA gene-based PCR. The total prevalence was 71.0% (75.3% and 65.9% in Elbehera and Kafrelsheikh, respectively). Aged buffaloes had a higher prevalence than young ones. Females had a higher prevalence than males. The esophagus was the most infected organ. Molecular analysis revealed that the recovered species was S. fusiformis. This is the first genetic characterization of S. fusiformis in water buffaloes from Elbehera and Kafrelsheikh, Egypt. Higher prevalence proposed the potential role of cats in the transmission of S. fusiformis, which, in turn, requires strict hygienic measures to protect animals and humans from infection.
{"title":"PREVALENCE AND GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF Sarcocystis fusiformis IN WATER BUFFALOES (Bubalus bubalis) IN TWO NORTHERN PROVINCES OF EGYPT","authors":"Soad Menshawy, B. Essa, Sabah I Shaaban, Mohamed Hamada, Sahar F. Mahmoud, M. AbouLaila, S. Sorour","doi":"10.26873/svr-1579-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1579-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Sarcocystosis considerably occurs in a wide host range including animals, reptiles, humans, and birds. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. using abattoir inspection, genetic characterization, as well as histopathology in water buffaloes in two provinces, Elbehera and Kafrelsheikh, Egypt. Specimens were collected from esophagus, tongue, and masseters of 400 slaughtered buffaloes in Elbehera (n= 215) and Kafrelsheikh (n= 185). Samples were examined macroscopically and histopathologically. Furthermore, genetic characterization of Sarcocystis spp. was performed using the 18SrRNA gene-based PCR. The total prevalence was 71.0% (75.3% and 65.9% in Elbehera and Kafrelsheikh, respectively). Aged buffaloes had a higher prevalence than young ones. Females had a higher prevalence than males. The esophagus was the most infected organ. Molecular analysis revealed that the recovered species was S. fusiformis. This is the first genetic characterization of S. fusiformis in water buffaloes from Elbehera and Kafrelsheikh, Egypt. Higher prevalence proposed the potential role of cats in the transmission of S. fusiformis, which, in turn, requires strict hygienic measures to protect animals and humans from infection.","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47327954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Morshdy, A. A. Mahmoud, S. Khalifa, Waiel M. Salah El-Dien, W. Darwish, Rasha M. El Bayomi
Chicken meat products represent an important source of animal derived proteins, vitamins, and minerals. However, chicken meat products might act as potential sources of human exposure to foodborne pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Salmonella species. The objectives of the present study were first to investigate the prevalence rates of S. aureus and Salmonella species in the retailed chicken meat products at Zagazig city, Egypt. Second, serological identification of the isolated bacteria was followed. Third, screening of S. aureus enterotoxin coding genes (sea seb, and sed) as well as Salmonella virulence associated genes including invA, Salmonella hyper-invasive locus (hilA), and Salmonella enterotoxin (stn) was done using PCR. The obtained results revealed isolation of S. aureus from the examined chicken meat products at 22%, and Salmonella spp., at 6.66%. Where S. aureus was isolated at 33.33%, 36.66%, 13.33%, 6.66%, and 20% from the examined chicken burger, fillet, luncheon, nuggets, and panne, respectively. Salmonella spp. could be isolated only from chicken burger and fillet at 10%, and 23.33%, respectively. The recovered S. aureus isolates harbored enterotoxin coding genes (sea, and seb). Likely the recovered Salmonella spp. isolates harbored virulence associated genes such as invA, hilA, and stn. Moreover, antimicrobial sensitivity testing of the recovered isolates showed multidrug resistance profiling. In conclusion, chicken meat products retailed in Egypt might be potential sources for the spread of multidrug resistant S. aureus and Salmonella spp. Therefore, strict hygienic measures should be adopted during manufacturing of such meat products.
{"title":"PREVALENCE OF Staphylococcus aureus AND Salmonella SPECIES IN CHICKEN MEAT PRODUCTS RETAILED IN EGYPT","authors":"A. Morshdy, A. A. Mahmoud, S. Khalifa, Waiel M. Salah El-Dien, W. Darwish, Rasha M. El Bayomi","doi":"10.26873/svr-1666-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1666-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Chicken meat products represent an important source of animal derived proteins, vitamins, and minerals. However, chicken meat products might act as potential sources of human exposure to foodborne pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Salmonella species. The objectives of the present study were first to investigate the prevalence rates of S. aureus and Salmonella species in the retailed chicken meat products at Zagazig city, Egypt. Second, serological identification of the isolated bacteria was followed. Third, screening of S. aureus enterotoxin coding genes (sea seb, and sed) as well as Salmonella virulence associated genes including invA, Salmonella hyper-invasive locus (hilA), and Salmonella enterotoxin (stn) was done using PCR. The obtained results revealed isolation of S. aureus from the examined chicken meat products at 22%, and Salmonella spp., at 6.66%. Where S. aureus was isolated at 33.33%, 36.66%, 13.33%, 6.66%, and 20% from the examined chicken burger, fillet, luncheon, nuggets, and panne, respectively. Salmonella spp. could be isolated only from chicken burger and fillet at 10%, and 23.33%, respectively. The recovered S. aureus isolates harbored enterotoxin coding genes (sea, and seb). Likely the recovered Salmonella spp. isolates harbored virulence associated genes such as invA, hilA, and stn. Moreover, antimicrobial sensitivity testing of the recovered isolates showed multidrug resistance profiling. In conclusion, chicken meat products retailed in Egypt might be potential sources for the spread of multidrug resistant S. aureus and Salmonella spp. Therefore, strict hygienic measures should be adopted during manufacturing of such meat products.","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42512624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A.A. Safwat, Abdel-Salam Eidaroos, H. Abdalla, A. Abdallah
The current study was designed to evaluate the changes in vaginal cytology and serum progesterone and estrogen concentration in anestrum bitches treated with a combination of FSH and LH. Seven healthy Mongrel anestrum bitches were treated with daily administration of 75 I.U. FSH plus 75 I.U LH for consecutive nine days and another three bitches were kept as a control without any treatment. Treated and control bitches were examined for the percentages of different vaginal-cytology cells, serum concentration of estrogen and progesterone, and signs of proestrus and estrus in a scheduled timeline. Five of the seven treated bitches (71.4%) showed a gradual decrease in the percentage of parabasal cells, a gradual increase in the percentage of cornified and RBCs, a rapid decrease in the estrogen concentration, and an increase in the progesterone concentration. These five bitches showed signs of proestrus and four of them showed male acceptance and were conceived. These five bitches had high estrogen concentrations before initiation of the treatment. The other two bitches had a low estrogen concentration before the initiation of the treatment and after treatment, they showed a gradual increase in the estrogen concentration, but they did not show characteristic changes in vaginal cytology or progesterone concentration. Control bitches had high estrogen concentrations before treatment, but they did not show characteristic changes in vaginal cytology, estrogen and progesterone concentrations, or signs of proestrus up to one month after the end of the treatment. In conclusion, treating anestrum bitches with a mixture of FSH and LH induced characteristic changes in vaginal cytology and serum estrogen and progesterone concentrations in the majority of bitches. These changes were associated with the induction of fertile estrus in more than half of the treated bitches, and this percentage increased to about 80% in bitches having initial high estrogen concentration. Key words: bitch; estrus-induction; FSH-LH, vaginal cytology, progesterone; estrogen
{"title":"CHANGES IN THE VAGINAL CYTOLOGY AND PROGESTERONE AND ESTROGEN SERUM CONCENTRATIONS AFTER TREATMENT OF ANESTRTUM BITCHES WITH A COMBINATION OF FSH AND LH","authors":"A.A. Safwat, Abdel-Salam Eidaroos, H. Abdalla, A. Abdallah","doi":"10.26873/svr-1556-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1556-2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The current study was designed to evaluate the changes in vaginal cytology and serum progesterone and estrogen concentration in anestrum bitches treated with a combination of FSH and LH. Seven healthy Mongrel anestrum bitches were treated with daily administration of 75 I.U. FSH plus 75 I.U LH for consecutive nine days and another three bitches were kept as a control without any treatment. Treated and control bitches were examined for the percentages of different vaginal-cytology cells, serum concentration of estrogen and progesterone, and signs of proestrus and estrus in a scheduled timeline. Five of the seven treated bitches (71.4%) showed a gradual decrease in the percentage of parabasal cells, a gradual increase in the percentage of cornified and RBCs, a rapid decrease in the estrogen concentration, and an increase in the progesterone concentration. These five bitches showed signs of proestrus and four of them showed male acceptance and were conceived. These five bitches had high estrogen concentrations before initiation of the treatment. The other two bitches had a low estrogen concentration before the initiation of the treatment and after treatment, they showed a gradual increase in the estrogen concentration, but they did not show characteristic changes in vaginal cytology or progesterone concentration. Control bitches had high estrogen concentrations before treatment, but they did not show characteristic changes in vaginal cytology, estrogen and progesterone concentrations, or signs of proestrus up to one month after the end of the treatment. In conclusion, treating anestrum bitches with a mixture of FSH and LH induced characteristic changes in vaginal cytology and serum estrogen and progesterone concentrations in the majority of bitches. These changes were associated with the induction of fertile estrus in more than half of the treated bitches, and this percentage increased to about 80% in bitches having initial high estrogen concentration.\u0000Key words: bitch; estrus-induction; FSH-LH, vaginal cytology, progesterone; estrogen\u0000","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48261614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sawsan El Basuni, Maison H. Osman, R. Soliman, Y. Magdy, E. Abdalla, Reda Fathy
Newcastle disease (ND) is an important viral disease that threatens the global poultry industry. The urgent need for a safe and effective antiviral alternative prompted us to evaluate neem methanolic leaf extract against Newcastle disease virus (NDv) in broilers. A total of Sixty Cobb chicks (day old) were allocated randomly into 4 equal groups; group A was a control negative, and group B was a control positive. Groups C and D received a methanolic neem leaf extract (MNLE) in drinking water for five days at 500 and 1000 µg/kg BW, respectively. At 25th days old, chicks in groups B, C and D were challenged via the oculonasal route with 0.2 ml of virulent NDv. The use of MNLE in groups C and D significantly reduced morbidity and mortality as well as the macroscopic and microscopic scoring lesions of all examined organs compared to the infected untreated group B. The high dose of MNLE (1000 µg/ kg BW; group D) was more efficient and significant in relieving the clinical and pathological abnormalities caused by ND challenge compared with the low dose (500 µg/ kg BW; group C). Moreover, positive effects of the herbal treatment on the experimentally ND-infected chickens were evidenced by reducing viral RNA concentrations in the oropharyngeal swabs at 3, 5, and 7 days post challenge and the infectivity titer of the virus isolated from the trachea, spleen, and cecal tonsils at 7 days post challenge. In conclusion, MNLE possesses potential antioxidant to have a power to control NDv shedding and infection. So, MNLE could be a source of inspiration for new alternative antivirals.
新城疫病是威胁全球家禽业的重要病毒性疫病。迫切需要一种安全有效的抗病毒替代品，促使我们对印楝醇叶提取物对肉鸡新城疫病毒(NDv)进行了研究。试验选用60只日龄科布雏鸡，随机分为4组;A组为对照阴性，B组为对照阳性。C组和D组小鼠分别以500和1000µg/kg BW的剂量在饮水中添加甲醇印楝叶提取物(MNLE) 5 D。25日龄时，B、C、D组雏鸡经眼鼻途径攻毒，毒力为0.2 ml。与未治疗的感染b组相比，C组和D组使用MNLE显著降低了发病率和死亡率，以及所有检查器官的宏观和微观评分病变。与低剂量组(500µg/ kg BW;此外，通过降低攻毒后第3、5和7天口咽拭子中的病毒RNA浓度以及攻毒后第7天从气管、脾脏和盲肠扁桃体分离的病毒的感染性滴度，证实了草药治疗对实验感染nd的鸡的积极作用。综上所述，MNLE具有潜在的抗氧化能力，具有控制NDv脱落和感染的能力。因此，MNLE可能是新的替代抗病毒药物的灵感来源。
{"title":"AN ALTERNATIVE ANTIVIRAL THERAPY OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN BROILER CHICKENS: A CLINICAL STUDY OF METHANOLIC NEEM LEAVES EXTRACT","authors":"Sawsan El Basuni, Maison H. Osman, R. Soliman, Y. Magdy, E. Abdalla, Reda Fathy","doi":"10.26873/svr-1593-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1593-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Newcastle disease (ND) is an important viral disease that threatens the global poultry industry. The urgent need for a safe and effective antiviral alternative prompted us to evaluate neem methanolic leaf extract against Newcastle disease virus (NDv) in broilers. A total of Sixty Cobb chicks (day old) were allocated randomly into 4 equal groups; group A was a control negative, and group B was a control positive. Groups C and D received a methanolic neem leaf extract (MNLE) in drinking water for five days at 500 and 1000 µg/kg BW, respectively. At 25th days old, chicks in groups B, C and D were challenged via the oculonasal route with 0.2 ml of virulent NDv. The use of MNLE in groups C and D significantly reduced morbidity and mortality as well as the macroscopic and microscopic scoring lesions of all examined organs compared to the infected untreated group B. The high dose of MNLE (1000 µg/ kg BW; group D) was more efficient and significant in relieving the clinical and pathological abnormalities caused by ND challenge compared with the low dose (500 µg/ kg BW; group C). Moreover, positive effects of the herbal treatment on the experimentally ND-infected chickens were evidenced by reducing viral RNA concentrations in the oropharyngeal swabs at 3, 5, and 7 days post challenge and the infectivity titer of the virus isolated from the trachea, spleen, and cecal tonsils at 7 days post challenge. In conclusion, MNLE possesses potential antioxidant to have a power to control NDv shedding and infection. So, MNLE could be a source of inspiration for new alternative antivirals.","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42317844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Engineered T cell-based therapies are an advanced approach for cancer immunotherapy using genetically modified T cells. To date, CD19 and BCMA targeting Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells have been approved for the treatment of certain hematologic malignancies. The success of CAR-T cells is offset by limited efficacy, particularly in solid tumors, and safety risks. Preclinical in vivo research, which is highly dependent on reliable mouse models, has been a cornerstone of the success story of adoptive cell therapies and continues to provide invaluable information for the development of the next generation of cellular immunotherapies. In this review we describe four of the most common preclinical mouse models: Xenograft models, syngeneic models, immunocompetent transgenic models and humanized mouse models. All of these have advantages and disadvantages and no mouse model can fully recapitulate the human situation because of inherent differences and treatment complexity. Reports suggest that using a combination of mouse models in preclinical in vivo research prior to translating the treatment to humans in clinical trials can help incrementally improve the quality, safety, and efficacy of the treatment and provide more comprehensive information than a single model. PREDKLINIČNI MIŠJI MODELI PRI ADOPTIVNIH CELIČNIH TERAPIJAH RAKA Povzetek: Napredne terapije na osnovi biotehnološko spremenjenih limfocitov T predstavljajo moderen pristop k imunoterapiji raka z uporabo genetsko spremenjenih limfocitov T. Do danes sta bili za zdravljenje hematoloških malignosti odobreni terapiji s himernimi antigenskimi receptorji usmerjenimi proti antigenoma CD19 in BCMA. Uspeh zdravljenja s celicami CAR-T pa ovirajo omejena učinkovitost, še posebej pri solidnih tumorjih in varnostna tveganja. Predklinične raziskave in vivo, ki so močno odvisne od zanesljivih mišjih modelov, so bile kritični dejavnik zgodbe o uspehu adoptivnih celičnih terapij in še vedno zagotavljajo neprecenljive podatke za razvoj naslednje generacije celičnih imunoterapij. V preglednem članku povzemamo štiri najpogostejše predklinične mišje modele: ksenografte, singenetske modele, imunokompetentne transgenske modele in humanizirane mišje modele. Vsi opisani modeli imajo svoje prednosti in slabosti in noben mišji model ne more do popolnosti preslikati situacije v človeškem pacientu zaradi med-vrstnih razlik ter izjemne zapletenosti zdravljenja. Podatki iz literature kažejo na to, da lahko uporaba kombinacije mišjih modelov v predkliničnih in vivo raziskavah pred translacijo zdravljenja na ljudi v kliničnih poskusih pripomore k postopnemu izboljšanju kakovosti, varnosti in učinkovitosti zdravljenja in zagotovi bolj celostni nabor podatkov kot en sam model. Ključne besede: mišji model; ksenograft; singenetski; transgenski; humanizirani; CAR-T; adoptivna celična terapija
{"title":"PRECLINICAL MOUSE MODELS IN ADOPTIVE CELL THERAPIES OF CANCER","authors":"U. Rajčevič, Anže Smole","doi":"10.26873/svr-1513-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1513-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Engineered T cell-based therapies are an advanced approach for cancer immunotherapy using genetically modified T cells. To date, CD19 and BCMA targeting Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells have been approved for the treatment of certain hematologic malignancies. The success of CAR-T cells is offset by limited efficacy, particularly in solid tumors, and safety risks. Preclinical in vivo research, which is highly dependent on reliable mouse models, has been a cornerstone of the success story of adoptive cell therapies and continues to provide invaluable information for the development of the next generation of cellular immunotherapies. In this review we describe four of the most common preclinical mouse models: Xenograft models, syngeneic models, immunocompetent transgenic models and humanized mouse models. All of these have advantages and disadvantages and no mouse model can fully recapitulate the human situation because of inherent differences and treatment complexity. Reports suggest that using a combination of mouse models in preclinical in vivo research prior to translating the treatment to humans in clinical trials can help incrementally improve the quality, safety, and efficacy of the treatment and provide more comprehensive information than a single model.\u0000 \u0000PREDKLINIČNI MIŠJI MODELI PRI ADOPTIVNIH CELIČNIH TERAPIJAH RAKA \u0000Povzetek: Napredne terapije na osnovi biotehnološko spremenjenih limfocitov T predstavljajo moderen pristop k imunoterapiji raka z uporabo genetsko spremenjenih limfocitov T. Do danes sta bili za zdravljenje hematoloških malignosti odobreni terapiji s himernimi antigenskimi receptorji usmerjenimi proti antigenoma CD19 in BCMA. Uspeh zdravljenja s celicami CAR-T pa ovirajo omejena učinkovitost, še posebej pri solidnih tumorjih in varnostna tveganja. Predklinične raziskave in vivo, ki so močno odvisne od zanesljivih mišjih modelov, so bile kritični dejavnik zgodbe o uspehu adoptivnih celičnih terapij in še vedno zagotavljajo neprecenljive podatke za razvoj naslednje generacije celičnih imunoterapij. V preglednem članku povzemamo štiri najpogostejše predklinične mišje modele: ksenografte, singenetske modele, imunokompetentne transgenske modele in humanizirane mišje modele. Vsi opisani modeli imajo svoje prednosti in slabosti in noben mišji model ne more do popolnosti preslikati situacije v človeškem pacientu zaradi med-vrstnih razlik ter izjemne zapletenosti zdravljenja. Podatki iz literature kažejo na to, da lahko uporaba kombinacije mišjih modelov v predkliničnih in vivo raziskavah pred translacijo zdravljenja na ljudi v kliničnih poskusih pripomore k postopnemu izboljšanju kakovosti, varnosti in učinkovitosti zdravljenja in zagotovi bolj celostni nabor podatkov kot en sam model.\u0000Ključne besede: mišji model; ksenograft; singenetski; transgenski; humanizirani; CAR-T; adoptivna celična terapija","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42864981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. El-Bahr, S. Al-Sultan, Ahlam F Hamouda, S. Atwa, Seham Y. Abo kora, A. Amin, S. Shousha, S. Alhojaily, Aymmen Alnehas, Rabab R. Elzogby
Publications concerning the protective effect of pectin against lead induced toxicity in rats are not available. In order to study such effect, 40 male rats were divided into 3 groups. The first group was contained 10 rats that kept as control group. The second group was contained 10 rats that received pectin at dose of 100 mg/kg BW during experimental period (8 weeks). The third group was contained 20 rats that received 400mg/kg BW of lead acetate daily for 4 weeks then divided into two subgroups (3A and 3B). Subgroup 3A contained 10 rats that still receive lead acetate in the same dosage whereas, subgroup B co-treated with lead acetate and pectin daily for another 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected after 2, 4 and 8 weeks from the start of the experiment. Liver, kidney and bone marrows were collected only at the end of the experiment. Lead acetate induced anemia only after 4 weeks of administration as reflected on decreased values of Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC. These indices remained at lower levels in lead acetate treated groups until the end of the experiment. Concentrations of serum ferritin, iron, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and the expression of hepatic hepcidin gene were decreased significantly in lead acetate intoxicated rats compared to control. Activities of ALT and AST and concentrations of urea, creatinine, Nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, IL-6, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and lead were increased significantly in lead acetate intoxicated group compared to control. Hepatic degeneration and hemorrhage, renal lytic necrosis and apoptosis of myeloid cells were most prominent changes in lead intoxicated rats. Lead acetated related changes were improved by co-treatment with pectin however; normal control values have not been achieved. Conclusively, pectin is recommended to protect against lead acetate toxicity in rats. Key words: lead acetate; toxicity; pectin; hepcidin; oxidative stress biomarkers; histopathology
{"title":"PECTIN MODULATES HEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETER, HISTOPATHOLOGY, OXIDATIVE STRESS BIOMARKERS, CYTOKINES AND EXPRESSION OF HEPCIDN GENE IN LEAD INTOXICATED RATS","authors":"S. El-Bahr, S. Al-Sultan, Ahlam F Hamouda, S. Atwa, Seham Y. Abo kora, A. Amin, S. Shousha, S. Alhojaily, Aymmen Alnehas, Rabab R. Elzogby","doi":"10.26873/svr-1591-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1591-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Publications concerning the protective effect of pectin against lead induced toxicity in rats are not available. In order to study such effect, 40 male rats were divided into 3 groups. The first group was contained 10 rats that kept as control group. The second group was contained 10 rats that received pectin at dose of 100 mg/kg BW during experimental period (8 weeks). The third group was contained 20 rats that received 400mg/kg BW of lead acetate daily for 4 weeks then divided into two subgroups (3A and 3B). Subgroup 3A contained 10 rats that still receive lead acetate in the same dosage whereas, subgroup B co-treated with lead acetate and pectin daily for another 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected after 2, 4 and 8 weeks from the start of the experiment. Liver, kidney and bone marrows were collected only at the end of the experiment. Lead acetate induced anemia only after 4 weeks of administration as reflected on decreased values of Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC. These indices remained at lower levels in lead acetate treated groups until the end of the experiment. Concentrations of serum ferritin, iron, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and the expression of hepatic hepcidin gene were decreased significantly in lead acetate intoxicated rats compared to control. Activities of ALT and AST and concentrations of urea, creatinine, Nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, IL-6, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and lead were increased significantly in lead acetate intoxicated group compared to control. Hepatic degeneration and hemorrhage, renal lytic necrosis and apoptosis of myeloid cells were most prominent changes in lead intoxicated rats. Lead acetated related changes were improved by co-treatment with pectin however; normal control values have not been achieved. Conclusively, pectin is recommended to protect against lead acetate toxicity in rats.\u0000Key words: lead acetate; toxicity; pectin; hepcidin; oxidative stress biomarkers; histopathology","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42703137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Parlak, A. Naseri, Mustafa Yalçın, Eyüp Tolga Akyol, M. Ok, M. Arıcan
This study aim to evaluate the modified Glasgow Coma Scale (mGCS) and Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) scores, laboratory variables, and prognostic features of trauma-induced endothelial glycocalyx injury in cats with head trauma. Twenty-five cats with head trauma and 10 healthy cats were evaluated in this study. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to measure the levels of syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin in the serum of the 25 cats with head trauma (within 48 hours) and the 10 healthy cats. In addition, mGCS scores, ATT scores, laboratory values, syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin levels were compared between the cats that survived following treatment and the cats that did not survive despite treatment. Syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin levels were not statistically different between healthy cats and cats with head trauma. In the cats with head trauma, the mGCS scoring system was found to be more sensitive than the ATT scoring system. In conclusion, syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin levels did not yield statistically significant results in the cats with head trauma.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF TRAUMA SCORING AND ENDOTHELIAL GLYCOCALYX INJURY IN CATS WITH HEAD TRAUMA","authors":"K. Parlak, A. Naseri, Mustafa Yalçın, Eyüp Tolga Akyol, M. Ok, M. Arıcan","doi":"10.26873/svr-1368-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1368-2022","url":null,"abstract":"This study aim to evaluate the modified Glasgow Coma Scale (mGCS) and Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) scores, laboratory variables, and prognostic features of trauma-induced endothelial glycocalyx injury in cats with head trauma. Twenty-five cats with head trauma and 10 healthy cats were evaluated in this study. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to measure the levels of syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin in the serum of the 25 cats with head trauma (within 48 hours) and the 10 healthy cats. In addition, mGCS scores, ATT scores, laboratory values, syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin levels were compared between the cats that survived following treatment and the cats that did not survive despite treatment. Syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin levels were not statistically different between healthy cats and cats with head trauma. In the cats with head trauma, the mGCS scoring system was found to be more sensitive than the ATT scoring system. In conclusion, syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin levels did not yield statistically significant results in the cats with head trauma.","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46724249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bangyuan Wu, Juan Wang, Tong Cai, Chengdong Wang, Desheng Li, L. Deng, Xianjin Peng
The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is one of the most endangered species in the world. Climate change and susceptibility to disease are two of the greatest threats to this species. We performed a necropsy and histopathological examination of the organs of an old panda and investigated the pathogenesis associated with death. Necropsy and histopathological observation revealed some typical age-related lesions, such as cataract, atherosclerosis, renal insufficiency and splenic atrophy. We also confirmed hepatic lesions associated with parasitic infection. Overall, our observations revealed that the predominant cause of mortality in this panda was multiple organ dysfunction (MOD). Key words: aged; giant panda; multiple organ dysfunction; pathology
{"title":"PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN AN OLD FEMALE GIANT PANDA – A CASE REPORT","authors":"Bangyuan Wu, Juan Wang, Tong Cai, Chengdong Wang, Desheng Li, L. Deng, Xianjin Peng","doi":"10.26873/svr-1286-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1286-2022","url":null,"abstract":"The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is one of the most endangered species in the world. Climate change and susceptibility to disease are two of the greatest threats to this species. We performed a necropsy and histopathological examination of the organs of an old panda and investigated the pathogenesis associated with death. Necropsy and histopathological observation revealed some typical age-related lesions, such as cataract, atherosclerosis, renal insufficiency and splenic atrophy. We also confirmed hepatic lesions associated with parasitic infection. Overall, our observations revealed that the predominant cause of mortality in this panda was multiple organ dysfunction (MOD).\u0000Key words: aged; giant panda; multiple organ dysfunction; pathology","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45858808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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