The poultry industry depends heavily on immunization, particularly with live attenuated vaccines. These vaccines are commonly not adjuvanted and can be either injected or delivered in birds’ mucosa. In the current study we evaluated the protective efficacy of adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted live Newcastle disease virus (LaSota strain) vaccines. Three non-adjuvanted live NDV vaccines were used to vaccinate three groups of chickens. The same immunizations were administered to three additional groups employing adjuvant technology where a mucosal adjuvant (Montanide TM IMS 1313 nanoparticles) was used. Under experimental conditions, humoral and cellular immune responses were assessed, and challenge test was done for evaluation of the vaccine efficacy in the vaccinated chickens. RT qPCR was used for determination of viral shedding in oropharyngeal swabs of challenged chickens. Mucosal nanoparticles adjuvanted live NDV vaccines significantly improved the antibody titer and the cell mediated immune response in comparison with the non-adjuvanted ones. In the challenged chicken groups with highly virulent NDV sub-genotype VIId at the third week post vaccination, the Montanide adjuvanted vaccines were fully protective and prevention of virus shedding was also noticed while the protection rate of non-adjuvanted vaccines ranged from 90% to 100% and the virus shedding was reduced. The study indicated that, efficacy of live vaccines could be improved by using Montanide™ IMS 1313 nanoparticles adjuvant in a model of mucosal delivery of live NDV vaccine in chickens.
{"title":"ENHANCEMENT OF THE IMMUNE IESPONSE OF CHICKENS VACCINATED WITH ADJUVANTED LIVE NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS VACCINE","authors":"Yasmin A. Shawky, A. Hussein, O. Salman, A. Eid","doi":"10.26873/svr-1578-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1578-2022","url":null,"abstract":"The poultry industry depends heavily on immunization, particularly with live attenuated vaccines. These vaccines are commonly not adjuvanted and can be either injected or delivered in birds’ mucosa. In the current study we evaluated the protective efficacy of adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted live Newcastle disease virus (LaSota strain) vaccines. Three non-adjuvanted live NDV vaccines were used to vaccinate three groups of chickens. The same immunizations were administered to three additional groups employing adjuvant technology where a mucosal adjuvant (Montanide TM IMS 1313 nanoparticles) was used. Under experimental conditions, humoral and cellular immune responses were assessed, and challenge test was done for evaluation of the vaccine efficacy in the vaccinated chickens. RT qPCR was used for determination of viral shedding in oropharyngeal swabs of challenged chickens. Mucosal nanoparticles adjuvanted live NDV vaccines significantly improved the antibody titer and the cell mediated immune response in comparison with the non-adjuvanted ones. In the challenged chicken groups with highly virulent NDV sub-genotype VIId at the third week post vaccination, the Montanide adjuvanted vaccines were fully protective and prevention of virus shedding was also noticed while the protection rate of non-adjuvanted vaccines ranged from 90% to 100% and the virus shedding was reduced. The study indicated that, efficacy of live vaccines could be improved by using Montanide™ IMS 1313 nanoparticles adjuvant in a model of mucosal delivery of live NDV vaccine in chickens.","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44506419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hani Awadh Ba-Awadh, I. O. Olarinre, Abdullah N. Alowaimer, I. Saadeldin, A. Swelum
Information regarding adequate freezing protocols of ram semen considering freezing distance and time during cryopreservation has not been adequately reported. Therefore, this study aimed to compare two freezing protocols for Najdi ram's semen. In the rapid freezing protocol, the straws were frozen at 5 cm over the surface of liquid nitrogen for 15 minutes. While in the slow freezing protocol, the straws were frozen at 8 cm over the surface of liquid nitrogen for 20 minutes. The semen was collected from five rams and extended with tris egg yolk glycerol cryodiluent. The extended semen was chilled slowly to 50C within two hours and equilibrated for two hours before being frozen on the liquid nitrogen vapor and cryopreserved at -1960C. There was no significant (P >0.005) effect of the freezing protocol on the sperm’s total motility, plasma membrane integrity, DNA integrity, and abnormalities. However, the vitality, fast progressive motility, straight-line velocity, average pathway velocity, linearity, and wobble were significantly higher in rapid freezing than in slow freezing protocol. In conclusion, cryopreservation of ram semen using rapid freezing (5 cm for 15 mins) protocol was better than slow freezing (8 cm for 20 mins) protocol regarding post-thawing semen quality. Key words: freezing protocol; cryopreservation; egg yolk; ram; semen
{"title":"COMPARISON BETWEEN RAPID AND SLOW CRYOPRESERVATION PROTOCOLS FOR RAM SEMEN","authors":"Hani Awadh Ba-Awadh, I. O. Olarinre, Abdullah N. Alowaimer, I. Saadeldin, A. Swelum","doi":"10.26873/svr-1586-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1586-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Information regarding adequate freezing protocols of ram semen considering freezing distance and time during cryopreservation has not been adequately reported. Therefore, this study aimed to compare two freezing protocols for Najdi ram's semen. In the rapid freezing protocol, the straws were frozen at 5 cm over the surface of liquid nitrogen for 15 minutes. While in the slow freezing protocol, the straws were frozen at 8 cm over the surface of liquid nitrogen for 20 minutes. The semen was collected from five rams and extended with tris egg yolk glycerol cryodiluent. The extended semen was chilled slowly to 50C within two hours and equilibrated for two hours before being frozen on the liquid nitrogen vapor and cryopreserved at -1960C. There was no significant (P >0.005) effect of the freezing protocol on the sperm’s total motility, plasma membrane integrity, DNA integrity, and abnormalities. However, the vitality, fast progressive motility, straight-line velocity, average pathway velocity, linearity, and wobble were significantly higher in rapid freezing than in slow freezing protocol. In conclusion, cryopreservation of ram semen using rapid freezing (5 cm for 15 mins) protocol was better than slow freezing (8 cm for 20 mins) protocol regarding post-thawing semen quality.\u0000Key words: freezing protocol; cryopreservation; egg yolk; ram; semen","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44113833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poultry production is affected by several fungal diseases. Such fungal infection occurs in poultry farms via using a moldy litter, or ingestion of contaminated drinking water or moldy ration. In this study, a total of 210 birds with a history of respiratory distress of different breeds were collected randomly from sporadic different private farms and hatcheries in El–Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. The birds were sacrificed, then a total of 1050 tissue specimens from lung, air sacs, liver, crop and trachea were collected. In addition, 40 samples of poultry ration, 14 bedding materials, 4 air samples and 29 water samples were also collected. The collected samples were cultured on Sabouraud’s agar plates. Macromorphological and micromorphological fungal examinations were performed for phenotypic characterization. Histopathological examinations were also performed using with hematoxylin and eosin stains. Antifungal sensitivity testing was screened using Mueller’s Hinton Agar for studying the susceptibility of the recovered fungal isolates to the most commonly used antifungal drugs in Egypt, namely amphotericin B, clotrimazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and nystatin. The obtained results demonstrated that mold isolation was the highest in the collected samples from birds at 36.84%, followed by drinking water (31.57%). The highest incidence of mold isolation was recorded at the lungs of broilers and baladi birds followed by the air sacs. While in saso birds, the highest incidence was at the air sac. Collectively, 97 mold strains were identified from the lung, 74 from the air sacs, 30 from the liver, 61 from the trachea, and 44 from the crop. In addition, 19 mold isolates were recovered from the bird surroundings. Aspergillus niger as well as Penicillium chrysogenum were recovered and showed resistance to ketoconazole, while Cladosporium perangustum was resistant to fluconazole. All of the isolated molds were sensitive to itraconazole and nystatin except A. flavus that was resistant to nystatin. All Aspergillus spp. were resistant to fluconazole except A. niger. In conclusion, Aspergillus spp. was the most associated mold with poultry species and their surroundings in Egypt farms. Itraconazole and nystatin could be applied as proper antifungal drugs the control of for Aspergillus infection in birds.
{"title":"PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME PATHOGENIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM POULTRY AND THEIR SURROUNDINGS IN EL–GHARBIA GOVERNORATE, EGYPT","authors":"E. Ahmed, S. Helmy, A. Moawad","doi":"10.26873/svr-1632-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1632-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Poultry production is affected by several fungal diseases. Such fungal infection occurs in poultry farms via using a moldy litter, or ingestion of contaminated drinking water or moldy ration. In this study, a total of 210 birds with a history of respiratory distress of different breeds were collected randomly from sporadic different private farms and hatcheries in El–Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. The birds were sacrificed, then a total of 1050 tissue specimens from lung, air sacs, liver, crop and trachea were collected. In addition, 40 samples of poultry ration, 14 bedding materials, 4 air samples and 29 water samples were also collected. The collected samples were cultured on Sabouraud’s agar plates. Macromorphological and micromorphological fungal examinations were performed for phenotypic characterization. Histopathological examinations were also performed using with hematoxylin and eosin stains. Antifungal sensitivity testing was screened using Mueller’s Hinton Agar for studying the susceptibility of the recovered fungal isolates to the most commonly used antifungal drugs in Egypt, namely amphotericin B, clotrimazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and nystatin. The obtained results demonstrated that mold isolation was the highest in the collected samples from birds at 36.84%, followed by drinking water (31.57%). The highest incidence of mold isolation was recorded at the lungs of broilers and baladi birds followed by the air sacs. While in saso birds, the highest incidence was at the air sac. Collectively, 97 mold strains were identified from the lung, 74 from the air sacs, 30 from the liver, 61 from the trachea, and 44 from the crop. In addition, 19 mold isolates were recovered from the bird surroundings. Aspergillus niger as well as Penicillium chrysogenum were recovered and showed resistance to ketoconazole, while Cladosporium perangustum was resistant to fluconazole. All of the isolated molds were sensitive to itraconazole and nystatin except A. flavus that was resistant to nystatin. All Aspergillus spp. were resistant to fluconazole except A. niger. In conclusion, Aspergillus spp. was the most associated mold with poultry species and their surroundings in Egypt farms. Itraconazole and nystatin could be applied as proper antifungal drugs the control of for Aspergillus infection in birds.","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41750569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdullah F. Alsayeqh, Asmaa S. M. Mohamed, Rehab E. Mohamed, Nermin Awad Ibrahim, Eman Hamdy, Mohamed E. Alnakip
Regarding high morbidity, mortality, and production losses, fungi infections have their importance among infectious illnesses and seem to be one of the main challenges facing poultry producers. This study aims to identify the genotypic characteristics of some fungi isolated from poultry. To reach this end, in El-Gharbia Governorate, Egypt, a total of 210 birds with a history of respiratory distress were randomly selected from a variety of private farms and hatcheries. The birds were sacrificed; tissue pieces were collected. In addition, a total of 87 samples of the poultry surroundings including 40 samples of poultry ration, 14 bedding materials, 4 air samples, and 29 water samples were collected. Using traditional fungal isolation, four fungal species were recovered, namely, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Cladosporium perangustum, and Penicillium chrysogenum. PCR was performed by fungus-specific universal primer pairs (ITS1 and ITS4) to identify and describe the genotype of isolated fungi. All examined isolates' ITS1-5.8SrDNA regions could be amplified. A purified PCR product was sequenced according to the Emerald Amp GT PCR master mix. This was initially performed to establish sequence identity to GenBank accession numbers. The rRNA gene for 5.8 sRNA divides the two ITS sections, which are situated between the 18S and 28S rRNA genes. ITS-1 gene sequence of the isolated Cladosporium perangustum (GeneBank accession number was OM 407392). The Sequence of the ITS-1 of isolated Penicillium chrysogenum (GeneBank accession numbers for studied nucleotide sequences were OM407401; OM407402; OM403685, and OM403686). For the examined nucleotide sequences, the GeneBank accession number for the ITS-1 internal transcribed spacer region of single Aspergillus niger was OM407391. GeneBank accession numbers for the isolated Aspergillus flavus ITS-1 sequence examined nucleotide sequences were OM403676, OM403677, and OM403678. In conclusion, genotypic characterization confirmed the phenotypic traditional fungal identification in the present study. Aspergillus species are the major fungi associated with birds in Egypt farms. The predominantly identified species were Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium chrysogenum. Key words: phenotypic; genotypic; molecular; fungi; poultry
{"title":"PREVALENCE OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANT SHIGA TOXIN PRODUCING E. coli IN THE MILK OF CATTLE, BUFFALOES, AND CAMEL","authors":"Abdullah F. Alsayeqh, Asmaa S. M. Mohamed, Rehab E. Mohamed, Nermin Awad Ibrahim, Eman Hamdy, Mohamed E. Alnakip","doi":"10.26873/svr-1599-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1599-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Regarding high morbidity, mortality, and production losses, fungi infections have their importance among infectious illnesses and seem to be one of the main challenges facing poultry producers. This study aims to identify the genotypic characteristics of some fungi isolated from poultry. To reach this end, in El-Gharbia Governorate, Egypt, a total of 210 birds with a history of respiratory distress were randomly selected from a variety of private farms and hatcheries. The birds were sacrificed; tissue pieces were collected. In addition, a total of 87 samples of the poultry surroundings including 40 samples of poultry ration, 14 bedding materials, 4 air samples, and 29 water samples were collected. Using traditional fungal isolation, four fungal species were recovered, namely, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Cladosporium perangustum, and Penicillium chrysogenum. PCR was performed by fungus-specific universal primer pairs (ITS1 and ITS4) to identify and describe the genotype of isolated fungi. All examined isolates' ITS1-5.8SrDNA regions could be amplified. A purified PCR product was sequenced according to the Emerald Amp GT PCR master mix. This was initially performed to establish sequence identity to GenBank accession numbers. The rRNA gene for 5.8 sRNA divides the two ITS sections, which are situated between the 18S and 28S rRNA genes. ITS-1 gene sequence of the isolated Cladosporium perangustum (GeneBank accession number was OM 407392). The Sequence of the ITS-1 of isolated Penicillium chrysogenum (GeneBank accession numbers for studied nucleotide sequences were OM407401; OM407402; OM403685, and OM403686). For the examined nucleotide sequences, the GeneBank accession number for the ITS-1 internal transcribed spacer region of single Aspergillus niger was OM407391. GeneBank accession numbers for the isolated Aspergillus flavus ITS-1 sequence examined nucleotide sequences were OM403676, OM403677, and OM403678. In conclusion, genotypic characterization confirmed the phenotypic traditional fungal identification in the present study. Aspergillus species are the major fungi associated with birds in Egypt farms. The predominantly identified species were Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium chrysogenum. \u0000Key words: phenotypic; genotypic; molecular; fungi; poultry","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44931470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Alsufiani, Ghaynat A. Aldhaheri, U. Omar, Taraji M. Bahdilah, Rasha A Mansouri
The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect of 2,4,4'-trihydroxychalcone on digestive enzymes related to obesity, including sucrase, α-amylase, and lipase. The in vitro antioxidant activities of three concentrations of 2,4,4'-trihydroxychalcone (100, 300, and 500 µg/ml) were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, reducing power, and ferrous ion chelating assays. Moreover, in vitro inhibition of lipase, α-amylase, and sucrase enzyme activities by 2,4,4'-trihydroxychalcone was determined using a specific assay for each enzyme. 2,4,4'-Trihydroxychalcone has been shown to have antioxidant properties and inhibits sucrase, α-amylase and lipase activities. These findings suggest that 2,4,4′-trihydroxychalcone demonstrated an antioxidant activity and can effectively inhibit the key enzymes related to obesity.
{"title":"ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND INHIBITORY EFFECT OF 2,4,4'-TRIHYDROXYCHALCONE ON DIGESTIVE ENZYMES RELATED TO OBESITY","authors":"H. Alsufiani, Ghaynat A. Aldhaheri, U. Omar, Taraji M. Bahdilah, Rasha A Mansouri","doi":"10.26873/svr-1625-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1625-2022","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect of 2,4,4'-trihydroxychalcone on digestive enzymes related to obesity, including sucrase, α-amylase, and lipase. The in vitro antioxidant activities of three concentrations of 2,4,4'-trihydroxychalcone (100, 300, and 500 µg/ml) were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, reducing power, and ferrous ion chelating assays. Moreover, in vitro inhibition of lipase, α-amylase, and sucrase enzyme activities by 2,4,4'-trihydroxychalcone was determined using a specific assay for each enzyme. 2,4,4'-Trihydroxychalcone has been shown to have antioxidant properties and inhibits sucrase, α-amylase and lipase activities. These findings suggest that 2,4,4′-trihydroxychalcone demonstrated an antioxidant activity and can effectively inhibit the key enzymes related to obesity.","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47873677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Morshdy, A. Tharwat, A. Merwad, Nada A. M. Abdallah, Taisir Saber
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance in S. aureus and presence of enterotoxigenic as well as biofilm-forming genes in S. aureus bacteria isolated from broiler meat from traditional shops and supermarkets in Sharkia, Egypt. For this determination, two hundred fresh raw chicken meat cotton swabs were collected from the breast and thighs (100 each). S. aureus was highlighted through a coagulase test, and then phenotypic and genotypic characterizations were studied. Uniplex PCR was used to identify the occurrence of enterotoxin genes in the selected isolates. Finally, they were subjected to a biofilm formation test using 96-well flat bottom polystyrene microtiter plates; besides, biofilm-forming genes were investigated. Nineteen isolates out of the 200 samples tested positive for S. aureus (9.5 percent), No Vancomycin resistance strains were obtained, nor did any ciprofloxacin isolates for S. aureus while, all isolates were 100 % resistant for streptomycin, amoxicillin- clavulanic acid and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim S. aureus isolates were found resistant to at least one antibiotic. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of S. aureus isolates was ranged from 0.3 to 0.7 with an average of 0.4. In The mecicillin resistant S.aureus (MRSA) strains carried mecA gene with a percentage of 5%, while the blaZ gene was distributed with a percentage of 5.5%, 11/200). The obtained isolates gave 60% strong biofilm formation and 40% were non-formers, with nil results for moderate or weak production isolates. The icaA gene was 100%, in comparison to icaD which was zero. It should be noted that strong biofilm former strains were only 100% positive for sea and seb. This study pointed out the higher prevalence of MDR isolates of S. aureus isolates in chicken meat due to inadequate handling and insufficient sanitary equipment and post microbial contamination. This finding highlighted the importance of broiler meat as a reservoir for antimicrobial-resistant strains of S. aureus and biofilm-forming of Staphylococcus aureus.
{"title":"PREVALENCE, PHENOTYPIC-GENOTYPIC RESISTANCE AND BIOFILM FORMATION OF Staphylococcus aureus IN CHICKEN MEAT WITH REFERENCE TO ITS PUBLIC HEALTH HAZARD","authors":"A. Morshdy, A. Tharwat, A. Merwad, Nada A. M. Abdallah, Taisir Saber","doi":"10.26873/svr-1646-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1646-2022","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance in S. aureus and presence of enterotoxigenic as well as biofilm-forming genes in S. aureus bacteria isolated from broiler meat from traditional shops and supermarkets in Sharkia, Egypt. For this determination, two hundred fresh raw chicken meat cotton swabs were collected from the breast and thighs (100 each). S. aureus was highlighted through a coagulase test, and then phenotypic and genotypic characterizations were studied. Uniplex PCR was used to identify the occurrence of enterotoxin genes in the selected isolates. Finally, they were subjected to a biofilm formation test using 96-well flat bottom polystyrene microtiter plates; besides, biofilm-forming genes were investigated. Nineteen isolates out of the 200 samples tested positive for S. aureus (9.5 percent), No Vancomycin resistance strains were obtained, nor did any ciprofloxacin isolates for S. aureus while, all isolates were 100 % resistant for streptomycin, amoxicillin- clavulanic acid and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim S. aureus isolates were found resistant to at least one antibiotic. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of S. aureus isolates was ranged from 0.3 to 0.7 with an average of 0.4. In The mecicillin resistant S.aureus (MRSA) strains carried mecA gene with a percentage of 5%, while the blaZ gene was distributed with a percentage of 5.5%, 11/200). The obtained isolates gave 60% strong biofilm formation and 40% were non-formers, with nil results for moderate or weak production isolates. The icaA gene was 100%, in comparison to icaD which was zero. It should be noted that strong biofilm former strains were only 100% positive for sea and seb. This study pointed out the higher prevalence of MDR isolates of S. aureus isolates in chicken meat due to inadequate handling and insufficient sanitary equipment and post microbial contamination. This finding highlighted the importance of broiler meat as a reservoir for antimicrobial-resistant strains of S. aureus and biofilm-forming of Staphylococcus aureus.","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46488991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Regarding high morbidity, mortality, and production losses, fungi infections have their importance among infectious illnesses and seem to be one of the main challenges facing poultry producers. This study aims to identify the genotypic characteristics of some fungi isolated from poultry. To reach this end, in El-Gharbia Governorate, Egypt, a total of 210 birds with a history of respiratory distress were randomly selected from a variety of private farms and hatcheries. The birds were sacrificed; tissue pieces were collected. In addition, a total of 87 samples of the poultry surroundings including 40 samples of poultry ration, 14 bedding materials, 4 air samples, and 29 water samples were collected. Using traditional fungal isolation, four fungal species were recovered, namely, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Cladosporium perangustum, and Penicillium chrysogenum. PCR was performed by fungus-specific universal primer pairs (ITS1 and ITS4) to identify and describe the genotype of isolated fungi. All examined isolates' ITS1-5.8SrDNA regions could be amplified. A purified PCR product was sequenced according to the Emerald Amp GT PCR master mix. This was initially performed to establish sequence identity to GenBank accession numbers. The rRNA gene for 5.8 sRNA divides the two ITS sections, which are situated between the 18S and 28S rRNA genes. ITS-1 gene sequence of the isolated Cladosporium perangustum (GeneBank accession number was OM 407392). The Sequence of the ITS-1 of isolated Penicillium chrysogenum (GeneBank accession numbers for studied nucleotide sequences were OM407401; OM407402; OM403685, and OM403686). For the examined nucleotide sequences, the GeneBank accession number for the ITS-1 internal transcribed spacer region of single Aspergillus niger was OM407391. GeneBank accession numbers for the isolated Aspergillus flavus ITS-1 sequence examined nucleotide sequences were OM403676, OM403677, and OM403678. In conclusion, genotypic characterization confirmed the phenotypic traditional fungal identification in the present study. Aspergillus species are the major fungi associated with birds in Egypt farms. The predominantly identified species were Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium chrysogenum.
{"title":"GENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME PATHOGENIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM POULTRY AND THEIR SURROUNDINGS","authors":"Esraa S. Ahmed, Salwa M. Helmy, Amgad A. Moawad","doi":"10.26873/svr-1603-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1603-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Regarding high morbidity, mortality, and production losses, fungi infections have their importance among infectious illnesses and seem to be one of the main challenges facing poultry producers. This study aims to identify the genotypic characteristics of some fungi isolated from poultry. To reach this end, in El-Gharbia Governorate, Egypt, a total of 210 birds with a history of respiratory distress were randomly selected from a variety of private farms and hatcheries. The birds were sacrificed; tissue pieces were collected. In addition, a total of 87 samples of the poultry surroundings including 40 samples of poultry ration, 14 bedding materials, 4 air samples, and 29 water samples were collected. Using traditional fungal isolation, four fungal species were recovered, namely, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Cladosporium perangustum, and Penicillium chrysogenum. PCR was performed by fungus-specific universal primer pairs (ITS1 and ITS4) to identify and describe the genotype of isolated fungi. All examined isolates' ITS1-5.8SrDNA regions could be amplified. A purified PCR product was sequenced according to the Emerald Amp GT PCR master mix. This was initially performed to establish sequence identity to GenBank accession numbers. The rRNA gene for 5.8 sRNA divides the two ITS sections, which are situated between the 18S and 28S rRNA genes. ITS-1 gene sequence of the isolated Cladosporium perangustum (GeneBank accession number was OM 407392). The Sequence of the ITS-1 of isolated Penicillium chrysogenum (GeneBank accession numbers for studied nucleotide sequences were OM407401; OM407402; OM403685, and OM403686). For the examined nucleotide sequences, the GeneBank accession number for the ITS-1 internal transcribed spacer region of single Aspergillus niger was OM407391. GeneBank accession numbers for the isolated Aspergillus flavus ITS-1 sequence examined nucleotide sequences were OM403676, OM403677, and OM403678. In conclusion, genotypic characterization confirmed the phenotypic traditional fungal identification in the present study. Aspergillus species are the major fungi associated with birds in Egypt farms. The predominantly identified species were Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium chrysogenum.","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45732541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dalia Makkia, A. Bahout, M. Bayoumi, Mohamed E. Alnakip, Adel H. Moustafa
Obtaining healthy food, free from chemical or synthetic additives, is a major challenge. In this study, we developed a preservation method using essential oils and evaluated their effect on multidrug resistant pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. Different concentrations (1%,0.1%,0.17% and 0.35%) of Thyme oil and black seed oil were employed in this study against pathogenic E. coli and A. hydrophila in soft cheese. The used oils at a concentration of 0.1% through dipping method resulted in accepted color and odor, little effect on flavor and normal texture and appearance, while 0.1% during inoculation had the same effect as in dipping method except moderate odor. Thyme oil had the highest reduction rate in case of 1% dipping and 0.17% inoculation on A. hydrophila, while against E. coli it was found that 0.17% inoculation and 0.35% of the dipping method had the highest reduction effect. Thyme essential oil seems to be a suitable natural food preservative alternative.
{"title":"EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OILS ON MULTIDRUG RESISTANT GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA","authors":"Dalia Makkia, A. Bahout, M. Bayoumi, Mohamed E. Alnakip, Adel H. Moustafa","doi":"10.26873/svr-1574-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1574-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Obtaining healthy food, free from chemical or synthetic additives, is a major challenge. In this study, we developed a preservation method using essential oils and evaluated their effect on multidrug resistant pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. Different concentrations (1%,0.1%,0.17% and 0.35%) of Thyme oil and black seed oil were employed in this study against pathogenic E. coli and A. hydrophila in soft cheese. The used oils at a concentration of 0.1% through dipping method resulted in accepted color and odor, little effect on flavor and normal texture and appearance, while 0.1% during inoculation had the same effect as in dipping method except moderate odor. Thyme oil had the highest reduction rate in case of 1% dipping and 0.17% inoculation on A. hydrophila, while against E. coli it was found that 0.17% inoculation and 0.35% of the dipping method had the highest reduction effect. Thyme essential oil seems to be a suitable natural food preservative alternative.","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41470634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have various applications such as their use in the medical field. As they have been reported to show antimicrobial and anti-tumor effects. The main purpose of the current study was to explore the anti-cancer effects of AgNPs administration alone or in a combination with cisplatin (CP) against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats. Seventy-five rats (Sprague Dawley albino rats) were used in the present study. Rats were assigned to 5 groups. Group 1 served as normal control. Group 2 was injected intraperitoneally (IP) with a single dose (200 ml/kg) of diethylnitrosamine (DEN), then one week later carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was injected IP (0.2 ml/kg) two times weekly for 14 successive weeks for the induction of HCC. Group 3 was treated with AgNPs (4 mg/kg) daily. Group 4 was treated with CP (6 mg/kg) once a week. Group 5 was treated with a combination of AgNPs (4 mg/kg/daily) and CP (2.5 mg/kg/weekly). Groups 3, 4, and 5 were treated for 3 successive weeks after induction of HCC. Hematological, biochemical, antioxidant activities, proinflammatory cytokines, and apoptotic genes were evaluated in the current study. Hematological results denoted normocytic normochromic anemia in all examined groups except group 2 which showed macrocytic hypochromic anemia, with thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis in all groups. Significant hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hypoglobulinemia were detected in all groups, with no significant changes (P < 0.05) in globulin in group 5. Significantly decreases in GSH and SOD were recorded in all groups. While the serum AST, ALT activities, and levels of total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, IL-6, TNF-α, AFP, VEGF, BAX, and caspase-3 were markedly elevated. The results revealed a remarkable improvement in group 4 than groups 3, and 5. The obtained results were supported by immunohistochemical and histopathological investigations of the liver tissue.
{"title":"POTENTIAL PERFECTION EFFECTS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST CISPLATIN SIDE EFFECTS IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA INDUCED IN SPRAGUE DAWLEY ALBINO RATS: HEMATOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL, HISTOPATHOLOGICAL, AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS","authors":"M. Hashem, Asmaa M. Zidan, Shefaa Ali El-Mandrawy","doi":"10.26873/svr-1554-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1554-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have various applications such as their use in the medical field. As they have been reported to show antimicrobial and anti-tumor effects. The main purpose of the current study was to explore the anti-cancer effects of AgNPs administration alone or in a combination with cisplatin (CP) against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats. Seventy-five rats (Sprague Dawley albino rats) were used in the present study. Rats were assigned to 5 groups. Group 1 served as normal control. Group 2 was injected intraperitoneally (IP) with a single dose (200 ml/kg) of diethylnitrosamine (DEN), then one week later carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was injected IP (0.2 ml/kg) two times weekly for 14 successive weeks for the induction of HCC. Group 3 was treated with AgNPs (4 mg/kg) daily. Group 4 was treated with CP (6 mg/kg) once a week. Group 5 was treated with a combination of AgNPs (4 mg/kg/daily) and CP (2.5 mg/kg/weekly). Groups 3, 4, and 5 were treated for 3 successive weeks after induction of HCC. Hematological, biochemical, antioxidant activities, proinflammatory cytokines, and apoptotic genes were evaluated in the current study. Hematological results denoted normocytic normochromic anemia in all examined groups except group 2 which showed macrocytic hypochromic anemia, with thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis in all groups. Significant hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hypoglobulinemia were detected in all groups, with no significant changes (P < 0.05) in globulin in group 5. Significantly decreases in GSH and SOD were recorded in all groups. While the serum AST, ALT activities, and levels of total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, IL-6, TNF-α, AFP, VEGF, BAX, and caspase-3 were markedly elevated. The results revealed a remarkable improvement in group 4 than groups 3, and 5. The obtained results were supported by immunohistochemical and histopathological investigations of the liver tissue.","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43522451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) genotype VII is incriminated in the currently circulating NDV outbreaks in the Middle East region. In this study, evaluation of different vaccination regimes including genetically-matched or mismatched vaccines to the currently circulating field virulent NDV (vNDV) genotype VII was performed. One-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were divided into nine groups; groups 1 to 3 were vaccinated with live or inactivated genetic-mismatched vaccines (genotype II) or both of them. Groups 4 to 6 were vaccinated with either live or inactivated genetic-matched vaccine to vNDV genotype VII or combination of them. Group (Gp) 7 was vaccinated with a combination of inactivated genetic-matched and live genetic-mismatched vaccines to vNDV genotype VII while groups 8 and 9 were kept as control non-vaccinated. The groups that received a combination of live and inactivated vaccines from either genetically-matched or mismatched origins had the highest serological responses and protection against mortality which was 100%. The two groups received a combination of inactivated genetic matched vaccine and live vaccines of either genetic-matched or mismatched origins had the lowest clinical index and were nearly completely protected against vNDV clinical signs. The virus tracheal and cloacal shedding titers and number of shedders were significantly reduced or nearly neglicable in the instance of application of inactivated genetic-matched vaccine to the challenge virus either alone or boosted with live genetic-matched or mismatched vaccine. In consistent inactivated genetic-matched vaccine inhibited the transmissibility of the challenged virus to contacted birds. We concluded from our results that application of NDV vaccination regimes included a combination of inactivated NDV genotype VII vaccine and live vaccine regardless of its genotype provides better clinical protection and minimize virus shedding and subsequently decrease transmissibility and virus load to the surrounding environment.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS VACCINATION REGIMES AGAINST CHALLENGE WITH RECENTLY ISOLATED GENOTYPE VII VIRUS FROM EGYPT","authors":"M. Megahed, W. Mohamed, Ola Hassanin","doi":"10.26873/svr-1553-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1553-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Newcastle disease virus (NDV) genotype VII is incriminated in the currently circulating NDV outbreaks in the Middle East region. In this study, evaluation of different vaccination regimes including genetically-matched or mismatched vaccines to the currently circulating field virulent NDV (vNDV) genotype VII was performed. One-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were divided into nine groups; groups 1 to 3 were vaccinated with live or inactivated genetic-mismatched vaccines (genotype II) or both of them. Groups 4 to 6 were vaccinated with either live or inactivated genetic-matched vaccine to vNDV genotype VII or combination of them. Group (Gp) 7 was vaccinated with a combination of inactivated genetic-matched and live genetic-mismatched vaccines to vNDV genotype VII while groups 8 and 9 were kept as control non-vaccinated. The groups that received a combination of live and inactivated vaccines from either genetically-matched or mismatched origins had the highest serological responses and protection against mortality which was 100%. The two groups received a combination of inactivated genetic matched vaccine and live vaccines of either genetic-matched or mismatched origins had the lowest clinical index and were nearly completely protected against vNDV clinical signs. The virus tracheal and cloacal shedding titers and number of shedders were significantly reduced or nearly neglicable in the instance of application of inactivated genetic-matched vaccine to the challenge virus either alone or boosted with live genetic-matched or mismatched vaccine. In consistent inactivated genetic-matched vaccine inhibited the transmissibility of the challenged virus to contacted birds. We concluded from our results that application of NDV vaccination regimes included a combination of inactivated NDV genotype VII vaccine and live vaccine regardless of its genotype provides better clinical protection and minimize virus shedding and subsequently decrease transmissibility and virus load to the surrounding environment.","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47847715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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