Slovenian Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"EVALUATION OF COMMERCIAL TORTOISE AND TURTLE FEEDS","authors":"N. Hetényi, E. Andrásofszky","doi":"10.26873/svr-1216-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1216-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Captive chelonians should be fed a natural diet to achieve a growth rate similar to that of free-ranging animals. A wide range of commercially formulated foods dedicated to chelonians is available. Feeding commercial foods has the advantage of convenience. On the other hand, species-specific information on the nutritional requirements of chelonians is not available yet. The aim of this study was to analyse and evaluate commercial pellets and feeds for chelonians. Commercial pellets (ntortoise = 7, nturtle = 7, from 6 companies) dedicated to carnivorous aquatic turtles and herbivorous terrestrial tortoises, and other aquatic turtle feeds (lyophilised beef heart, dried aquatic invertebrates, and whole frozen fish) were bought in pet shops. Whole frozen fish served as a reference feed for carnivorous aquatic turtles. The chemical composition as well as calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) contents were determined. Single-sample t-test was used with the label information as null hypothesis and the results of own parallel analyses for crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF), Ca and P. The labelling of some of the pellets was deficient as nutritive values, Ca or P data were missing (tortoise pellets: 4 out of 7; turtle pellets: 5 out of 7). The label data differed significantly (p<0.05) from the results of our own analysis for 13 out of the 14 pellets. None of the tortoise pellets met the requirements of the animals completely. Because of the inadequate Ca:P ratio only one turtle pellet could be accepted. Accordingly, none of the commercial pellets can be recommended as main or only feed.\u0000Key words: nutrition; pellet; metabolic bone disease; chelonian\u0000 \u0000VREDNOTENJE KOMERCIALNIH ŽELV IN KRME ZA ŽELVE\u0000Izvleček: Želve v ujetništvu je potrebno hraniti z naravno krmo, da dosežejo podobno stopnjo rasti kot živali v prosti reji. Na voljo je širok izbor komercialno pripravljene hrane za želve. Prednost hranjenja želv s komercialno hrano je priročnost, vendar podatki o prehranskih potrebah za posamezne vrste želv še niso na voljo. Namen te raziskave je bil analizirati in ovrednotiti komercialne pelete in krmo za želve. V trgovinah za živali smo od 6 podjetij kupili komercialne pelete  (npeleti za vodne želve = 7, npeleti za kopenkse želve = 7) za mesojede vodne in rastlinojede kopenske želve ter drugo krmo za vodne želve (liofilizirano goveje srce, posušene vodne nevretenčarje in zamrznjene cele ribe). Zamrznjene cele ribe smo uporabili kot referenčno krmo za mesojede vodne želve. Določili smo  kemično sestavo in vsebnost kalcija (Ca) ter fosforja (P). Za ničelno hipotezo smo uporabili T-test enega vzorca s podatki na etiketi  in rezultate lastne paralelne analize za surove beljakovine  (an gl. crude proteins, CP), ekstrakt etra (angl. ether extract, EE), surovo  vlaknino (angl. crude fibre, CF), Ca in P. Oznake nekaterih peletov so bile pomanjkljive, saj so manjkali podatki o hranilnih vrednostih, Ca in P (npeleti za kopenske želve = 4 od 7, npelet","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48140604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PERFORMANCE AND Nosema spp. SPORE LEVEL IN YOUNG HONEYBEE (Apis mellifera carnica, Pollmann 1879) COLONIES SUPPLEMENTED WITH CANDIES","authors":"M. I. Smodiš Škerl, I. Tlak Gajger","doi":"10.26873/svr-1498-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1498-2022","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated the efficacy of supplementation with protein, yeast, or sugar candies of young honeybee colonies origi- nated from artificial swarms, by measuring strength and determining Nosema spp. spore level in adult bees in summer period. At the same time, we aimed to assess longevity of adult worker bees after feeding the same type of candies in controlled laboratory condition. The highest survival was found in Yeast and Protein candy group. On the contrary, the field study showed that artificial swarms produced significantly more pupae (2510.4 cm 2 , p=0.0001) in the 1 st period of measurement, and more larvae (964.8 cm 2 , p=0.003) and frames with bees (5.6, p=0.008) in the 2 nd period by feeding non-protein candy. In the 3rd period of evaluation of young colonies, the Sugar candy group had the highest number of frames covered by adult bees and honey stores, respectively (5.6, p=0.0009; 3432.0 cm 2, p=0.015). Sugar candy group produced the largest area of wax cells, however, the differences were not statistically significant. Nosema spp. spore level was checked quantitatively in adult bees. The lowest infection was statistically significant in Yeast candy group in June (4.35 million spores per bee, p=0.02), but insignificant in September. Supplementing artificial swarms Sugar candy offers the most promising potential for development of productive young colony. The findings of our study could help beekeepers to choose the effective candy supplement for optimal development of artificial swarms.\u0000Key words: Apis mellifera; artificial swarms; young colonies; supplements; candies; development; Nosema spp.; longevity\u0000 \u0000RAZVOJ DRUŽIN IN ŠTEVILO SPOR Nosema spp. PRI MLADIH DRUŽINAH MEDONOSNE ČEBELE (Apis mellifera carnica, Pollmann 1879), KRMLJENIH S POGAČAMI \u0000Izvleček: Mlade čebelje družine iz umetnih rojev smo krmili z različnimi pogačami z dodatkom beljakovin, kvasa ali sladkorja. Ocenjevali smo razvoj družin in določali število spor Nosema spp. pri odraslih čebelah v poletnem obdobju. V laboratorijskih pogojih smo krmili čebele delavke z isto vrsto pogač. Najboljše preživetje smo ugotovili v skupinah, ki so prejele pogačo s kvasom oziroma beljakovinami. Nasprotno pa je poskus v družinah pokazal, da je bilo v 1. obdobju merjenja bistveno več bub (2510,4 cm 2 , p = 0,0001), v 2. obdobju pa več ličink (964,8 cm 2 , p = 0,003) in okvirjev s čebelami (5,6, p = 0,008) pri krmljenju s sladkorno pogačo. V 3. obdobju ocenjevanja mladih družin je imela skupina s sladkorno pogačo največ pokritih okvirjev z odraslimi čebelami in zalog medu (5,6, p = 0,0009; 3432,0 cm 2 , p = 0,015). Skupina s sladkorno pogačo je zgradila največjo površino satja, vendar razlike niso bile statistično značilne. Število spor Nosema spp. je bilo kvantitativno preverjeno pri odraslih čebelah. Najnižja okužba je bila statistično značilna v skupini s pogačo s kvasom v juniju (4,35 milijona spor na čebelo, p = 0,02), septembra pa spremembe niso bile signifikantne. Dodajanje sladkorne","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43311180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APPLICABILITY OF FLOW CYTOMETRY IN IDENTIFYING AND STAGING LYMPHOMA, LEUKEMIA AND MAST CELL TUMORS IN DOGS: AN OVERVIEW","authors":"Majlind Sulce, A. Munga, Doriana Beqiraj, E. Ozuni, P. Zalla, G. Muça, X. Koleci","doi":"10.26873/svr-1372-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1372-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Lymphomas, leukemias and mast cell tumors belong to the most important group among all neoplasms affecting dog  species. Diagnosis, staging and determining the cell type involved in a specific tumor represent a challenge for researchers and clinicians, and plays a crucial role in treatment efficacy and prognostic purposes. Many different gold standard techniques such as cytology, histopathology, immunohistochemistry and cytochemistry are used to routinely diagnose and stage these tumors. In the recent years flow cytometry is becoming more applicable in veterinary medicine since a wide number of health conditions can be analyzed in a short period of time with a high accuracy. Multiparametric analysis performed by flow cytometry is considered as one of the main advantages of this technique since cell populations can be analyzed for different superficial markers at the same time. Immunophenotyping and staging of tumor cell populations performed by flow cytometry can help in reaching a confirmatory diagnosis and appropriate prognosis of the disease. Moreover, many flow cytometric results have been linked to a high prognostic relevance especially in neoplastic disorders. However, flow cytometry results are compatible and should be interpreted in  compliance with data obtained by histopathology, immunohistochemistry and cytology.\u0000Key words: flow cytometry; antibodies; diagnosis; lymphoma; leukemia\u0000 \u0000UPORABNOST PRETOČNE CITOMETRIJE PRI PREPOZNAVANJU IN DOLOČANJU STADIJA LIMFOMA, LEVKEMIJE IN TUMORJEV MASTOCITOV PRI PSIH – PREGLED\u0000Izvleček: Limfomi, levkemije in tumorji mastocitov so najpomembnejše skupine neoplazem, ki prizadenejo pse. Diagnostika, določanje stopenj tumorja in tipa celic v določenem tumorju predstavljajo izziv za raziskovalce in klinike in igrajo ključno vlogo pri učinkovitosti zdravljenja in postavljanju prognoze. Za rutinsko diagnosticiranje in določanje stopenj teh tumorjev se uporablja veliko različnih temeljnih metod, kot so citologija, histopatologija, imunohistokemija in citokemija. V zadnjih letih je pretočna  citometrija vse bolj uporabljana metoda v veterinarski medicini, saj je mogoče v kratkem času in z visoko natančnostjo analizirati  veliko število zdravstvenih stanj. Ena izmed najpomembnejših prednosti te tehnike je multiparametrična analiza, s katero lahko v  populaciji celic istočasno analiziramo različne površinske označevalce. Določanje površinskih označevalcev in stopenj populacij tumorskih celic s pretočno citometrijo lahko pripomore k potrditvi diagnoze in postavitvi ustrezne prognoze bolezni. Številni  rezultati pretočne citometrije so imeli pomemben prognostični pomen zlasti pri neoplastičnih obolenjih. Vendar je rezultate pretočne citometrije potrebno združiti in razlagati v skladu s podatki, pridobljenimi s histopatologijo, imunohistokemijo in citologijo.\u0000Ključne besede: pretočna citometrija; protitelesa; diagnoza; limfom; levkemija","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41967141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USE OF CANNABIDIOL PRODUCTS BY PET OWNERS IN SLOVENIA: A SURVEY-BASED STUDY","authors":"Nina Milevoj, N. Tozon, Katerina Tomsič","doi":"10.26873/svr-1294-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1294-2022","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to obtain information about the experiences of Slovenian pet owners on the use of cannabidiol (CBD) products in their pets. An open online survey targeted Slovenian owners of cats and dogs who have used CBD to treat their pets. Questions pertained to demographic data, animal data, health status of the animals, CBD formulations and experiences with use. Descriptive statistics and frequency distributions were performed using the survey software. A total of 41 respondents participated in the survey, most of whom were female (87.8 %) and between 31 and 50 years old (56.1 %). Most respondents (90.2 %) were dog owners. Cannabidiol (CBD)-based products were mainly used to treat orthopedic and oncologic conditions, as adjunctive therapy to other medications. Oil formulations were used by most dog (85.2 %) and all cat owners. Participants predominantly re-ported positive effects, such as improved well-being, increased activity, and reduced pain. The results suggest that Slovenian pet owners who used CBD-based products as a treatment for their pets were overall satisfied with the effects of these products. However, there were still reports of some adverse effects, such as drowsiness, increased appetite, and thirst. Further research is essential to improve practices related to cannabis-based medicines for pets, especially CBD, and to put an end to the trial- and error- based therapeutic approach of pet owners and veterinarians. Long-term, large-scale research studies are needed to clarify the role of CBD as a treatment option for osteoarthritis, chronic pain, cancer, behavioral problems, and other chronic inflammatory conditions in dogs and cats.\u0000Key words: cannabis; cannabidiol; cats; dogs; survey\u0000 \u0000UPORABA KANABIDIOLA PRI LASTNIKIH HIŠNIH LJUBLJENČKOV V SLOVENIJI – ANKETNA ŠTUDIJA \u0000Izvleček: Namen raziskave je bil pridobiti informacije o izkušnjah slovenskih lastnikov psov in mačk z uporabo izdelkov s kanabidiolom (CBD) pri svojih živalih. Raziskavo smo izvedli na podlagi anonimne spletne ankete, ki je bila namenjena slovenskim lastnikom psov in mačk, ki so uporabljali CBD za zdravljenje svojih živali. Vprašanja so se nanašala na demografske podatke, podatke o živalih, njihovem zdravstvenem stanju, vrste pripravkov s CBD-jem in izkušnjah z uporabo. Za opisno statistiko in frekvenčno porazdelitev smo uporabili programsko opremo za anketiranje. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 41 anketirancev, med katerimi je bilo največ žensk (87,8%) in starih med 31 in 50 let (56,1%). Večina anketirancev (90,2%) je bila lastnikov psov. Izdelki na osnovi CBD-ja so se večinoma uporabljali za zdravljenje ortopedskih in onkoloških obolenj kot dopolnilno zdravljenje. Največ lastnikov psov (85,2%) in vsi lastniki mačk so uporabljali oljne pripravke. Sodelujoči so večinoma poročali o pozitivnih učinkih, kot so boljše počutje, povečanje aktivnosti in zmanjšanje bolečine. Rezultati kažejo, da so slovenski lastniki psov in mačk, ki uporabljajo izdelke na o","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46742026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECTS OF SELECTION IN TERMS OF MEAT YIELD TRAITS ON LEPTIN RECEPTOR GENE IN JAPANESE QUAIL LINES","authors":"K. Karabağ, S. Alkan, T. Karslı, C. İkten, I. Sahin, M. Mendeș","doi":"10.26873/svr-1316-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1316-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the effects of selection on the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in coding sequence of leptin receptor (LEPR) gene and possible associations between SNPs’ and some meat yield traits of Japanese quail lines. Fifteen generations divergently selected two lines (HBW and LBW) for 5-weeks of age body weight and a control were used as materials for this study. A 348-bp part of the LEPR coding region (18th exon) were sequenced in a total of 113 individuals from the three quail lines and shown that the fragments contained four SNPs loci (T490C, C528T, G537A, T571C) and five haplotypes (TTGT, CTGT, TCGT, TCAT, TCAC). T490C replacement caused the missense mutation of phenylalanine to convert to leucine (PheLeu). However, other SNPs were synonymous and there were no changes in transcripts. It was determined that the quails with higher phenotypic values were in the TT genotype at the T390C locus. Statistical analyses showed that there were significant differences among the quail lines, SNP alleles and haplotypes in terms of interested phenotypic traits (P0.05), and also SNP and haplotype distributions changed depending on quail lines (P0.001). When all results were evaluated together, it was concluded that the fifteen generations of selection caused significant changes in the LEPR gene in terms of economically important traits in Japanese quail lines (C. coturnix japonica). Key words: SNP; haplotype; leptin receptor; selection; Japanese quail0.05) and also SNP and haplotype distributions changed depending on quail lines (P0.001). When all results were evaluated together, it was concluded that the fifteen generations of selection caused significant changes in the LEPR gene in terms of economically important traits in Japanese quail lines (C. coturnix japonica).Key words: SNP; haplotype; leptin receptor; selection; Japanese quailUČINKI SELEKCIJE LINIJ JAPONSKIH PREPELIC NA GEN ZA LEPTINSKI RECEPTOR, POVEZAN S PRIREJO MESAIzvleček: Ta študija je bila izvedena z namenom raziskati učinke selekcije na polimorfizme posameznih nukleotidov (Angl., Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, SNP) v kodnem zaporedju gena za leptinski receptor (LEPR) in možne povezave med SNP in nekaterimi značilnostmi prireje mesa pri japonskih prepelicah. V študiji je bilo poleg kontrole uporabljenih petnajst generacij različno izbranih dveh linij (HBW in LBW) s telesno maso pri starosti petih tednov. 348-bp del kodne regije LEPR (18. ekson) je bil sekvenciran pri skupno 113 posameznikih iz treh linij prepelic, fragmenti pa so vsebovali štiri lokuse SNP (T490C, C528T, G537A, T571C) in pet haplotipov (TTGT, CTGT, TCGT, TCAT, TCAC). Zamenjava T490C je povzročila drugačnosmiselno mutacijo fenilalanina v levcin (Phe Leu), vendar so bili drugi SNP-ji sinonimni in v transkriptih ni bilo sprememb. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da so prepelice z višjimi fenotipskimi vrednostmi imele genotip TT na lokusu T390C. Statistične analize so z vidika fenotipskih las","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42522369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REGIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ASSOCIATED RISK FATORS OF PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS IN ASIA – A REVIEW","authors":"Munibullah Munibullah, Yanmin Li, Kainat Munib, Zhidong Zhang","doi":"10.26873/svr-1464-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1464-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) notifiable, economically important transboundary, highly contagious, and an acute viral disease of small ruminants. The disease is caused by the PPR virus (PPRV). PPRV belongs to the genus Morbillivirus of the family Paramyxoviridae. The recent epidemiological and molecular characterization of PPR virus isolates subdivides them into four genetically distinct lineages (I, II, III and IV). The disease is endemic across Asia, the Middle East and African regions and is considered a major obstacle to the development of sustainable agriculture across the developing world due to its huge burden on the economy and development of the affected countries and has recently been targeted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the OIE for global eradication by 2030. PPR-endemic countries should join the regional force, and implement regional road maps for the progressive and successful control and elimination of PPRV. In this review, the regional epidemiology of PPR outbreaks and associated risk factors, including animal factors (age, species and sex), environmental factors (season, spatial distribution of disease in various locations) and trade associated factors with special reference to the PPR affected countries in South, Central and East Asia are comprehensively discussed.Key words: epidemiology; PPR-virus; risk factors; control; eradication; AsiaREGIONALNA EPIDEMIOLOGIJA IN Z NJO POVEZANI DEJAVNIKI TVEGANJA ZA KUGO DROBNICE V AZIJI – PREGLEDIzvleček: Kuga drobnice (angl., Peste des petits ruminants, PPR) je gospodarsko pomembna, čezmejno nevarna, visoko nalezljiva, akutna virusna bolezen drobnice, ki jo je potrebno prijaviti Svetovni organizaciji za zdravje živali (OIE). Bolezen povzroča virus PPR (PPRV). PPRV spada v rod virusov Morbillivirus iz družine Paramyxoviridae. Nedavna epidemiološka in molekularna karakterizacija izolatov virusa PPRV deli izolate na štiri genetsko različne linije (I, II, III in IV). Bolezen je endemična v Aziji, na bližnjem vzhodu in v Afriki. Zaradi močnega bremena za gospodarstvo in razvoj prizadetih držav velja za glavno oviro pri razvoju trajnostnega kmetijstva v državah v razvoju. Organizacija Združenih narodov za prehrano in kmetijstvo (FAO) in OIE sta nedavno določili, da je bolezen potrebno do leta 2030 izkoreniniti po vsem svetu. Države z endemijo PPR bi se morale pridružiti regionalnim silam in izvajati regionalne načrte za postopen in uspešen nadzor in izkoreninjenje PPRV. V tem pregledu so izčrpno obravnavani regionalna epidemiologija izbruhov PPR in povezani dejavniki tveganja, vključno z dejavniki živali (starost, vrsta in spol), okolja (letni čas, prostorska razširjenost bolezni na različnih lokacijah) in trgovine, s posebnim poudarkom na državah s PPR v južni, osrednji in vzhodni Aziji.Ključne besede: epidemiologija; virus PPR; dejavniki tveganja; nadzor; izkoreninjenje; Azija","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46767179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MORPHOMETRICAL FEATURES OF THE CAVE BEAR AND BROWN BEAR HEAD SKELETON: A COMPARATIVE STUDY","authors":"M. Uršič","doi":"10.26873/svr-1317-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1317-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The extinct cave bear (CB) is often depicted as a large heavy animal with a prominent, massive skull and severely shortened pelvic limbs. The size and robustness of the CB are comparable to those of the largest living ursids. Great similarities between CB and the brown bear (BB) species prompted our morphometric comparison. The goal of this study was to elucidate the potential differences in the morphometric skull characteristics of CB and BB species. Craniometric measurements  were performed on the skulls of both bear species and were compared to identify craniometric features indicative of possible adaptations in both bear species. The results revealed a marked difference in skull size; however, the shape of the CB cranium  is generally known to be similar to that of the BB. In CB, the total length of the skull was approximately 1.5 times longer, and the  external bony nasal aperture was larger due to the relatively shorter nasal bones. The nose length and median palate length were relatively longer in the CB, and the infraorbital foramen was located more caudally and closer to the zygomatic process. The infraorbital channel of the CB was located over to the second superior molar roots whereas in BB the latter extends beyond the roots of the first to the second superior molar roots. A marked difference was the non-existence of the three most anterior premolars in the maxilla and mandible of the CB, Higher body of the mandible, which, together with the extensive biting  surfaces of the cheeks teeth, indicates a predominantly plant-based diet of the CB. The braincase length was considerably shorter in the CB, resulting in a relatively small neurocranium volume. The pronounced frontal fossa in the CB skull continues caudally into a strongly developed frontal area, which gives the CB skull a prominent steep profile. In summary, comparative  craniometry showed that CB had a smaller neurocranial volume and had herbivore-adapted jaws and teeth. These metric features of the head skeleton may be related to a lower adaptability to extreme climatic conditions to which they were exposed to  during the last Pleistocene glacial period, which may have contributed to their extinction.  Key words: head skeleton; skull; mandible; craniometrical features; bearMORFOMETRIČNE ZNAČILNOSTI SKELETA GLAVE JAMSKEGA IN RJAVEGA MEDVEDA: PRIMERJALNA ŠTUDIJAIzvleček: Izumrli jamski medved je pogosto upodobljen kot robustna, težka žival z masivno lobanjo in izrazito skrajšanima medeničnima okončinama. Po velikosti ga lahko primerjamo z največjimi vrstami današnjih medvedov. Domnevne podobnosti med jamskim in rjavim medvedom so spodbudile našo primerjalno študijo, s katero želimo pojasniti morebitne razlike v morfometričnih značilnostih lobanj, iz česar je mogoče sklepati na možne prilagoditve pri obeh vrstah. Oblika lobanje je pri jamskem  medvedu precej podobna obliki pri rjavem medvedu, ugotovili pa smo izrazito razliko v velikosti. Pri jamskem medvedu je celotna ","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45854287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMMUNOLOCALIZATION OF HOXA11 AND HLX PROTEINS IN COW PLACENTA DURING PREGNANCY","authors":"U. Topaloğlu, M. Ketani, Mehmet Erdem Aakbalink, H. Saǧsöz, B. Güney Saruhan, B. Bayram","doi":"10.26873/svr-1347-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1347-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: In addition to its many functions, the placenta is characterized by the intensity and characteristics of its hormonal functions. It has been reported that the development and vascularization of the placenta with normal fetal growth is regulated by many factors such as growth factors, transcriptional factors, and homeobox proteins. This study was conducted to determine the distribution and possible physiological roles of HOXA11 and HLX in the uterus and placenta of pregnant cows. In  this study, 27 pregnant Holstein breed cow uteri and placentas obtained from private slaughterhouses were used as tissue  samples. In order to determine the pregnancy period of the obtained uterus, the ages of the fetuses were calculated according  to the age calculation formula. The uteri were classified under three different groups as the first (69-89 days), second (99-178  days), and third (190-269 days) periods of pregnancy so that there are 9 animals in each group. Tissue samples were then subjected to immunohistochemistry to demonstrate the presence of HOXA11 and HLX proteins. It was observed that HOXA11 and  HLX immunoreactions occurred prominently in the luminal and glandular epithelial cells of the uterus during pregnancy, and  the maternal epithelial cells of the placenta and UTC and TGC/BNCs. In addition, it was determined that HOXA11 immunoreaction also formed in some vascular endothelial cells. Immunohistochemical findings in this study suggested that Hoxa11 and  HLX may affect the proliferation and differentiation of cells in the uterus and placenta during pregnancy in cows, and that these  proteins may contribute to normal uterine physiology, placentation formation, and continuity of pregnancy in cows.Key words: Hox proteins; HOXA11; HLX; placentaIMUNOLOKALIZACIJA PROTEINOV HOXA11 IN HLX V POSTELJICI KRAVE MED BREJOSTJOIzvleček: Za posteljico so poleg številnih funkcij značilne intenzivnost in karakteristike njenih hormonskih funkcij. Poročali so,da razvoj in ožiljenost posteljice pri normalni rasti ploda uravnavajo številni dejavniki, kot so rastni dejavniki, transkripcijski djavniki in homeoboks proteini. Ta študija je bila izvedena z namenom določiti porazdelitev in morebitno fiziološko vlogo protnov HOXA11 in HLX v maternici in posteljici brejih krav. Za vzorce tkiv smo uporabili maternice in posteljice 27 krav pasem Holstein, pridobljenih v zasebnih klavnicah. Obdobje brejosti smo izračunali na podlagi starosti plodov po formuli. Maternice smoglede na obdobje brejosti uvrstili v tri skupine po 9 vzorcev: 1 (69-89 dni), 2 (99-178 dni) in 3 (190-269 dni). Prisotnost proteinoHOXA11 in HLX v vzorcih tkiv smo preverili z imunohistokemijo. Proteini HOXA11 in HLX so bili prisotni predvsem v luminalnihin žleznih epitelijskih celicah maternice ter v epitelijskih celicah maternalne posteljice, UTC in TGC/BNC. Prisotnost HOXA1je bila zaznavna tudi v nekaterih žilnih endotelijskih celicah. Rezultati imunohistokemije v tej študiji kažejo na morebiten ","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42458940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF Buchholzia coriacea ETHANOL LEAF-EXTRACT AND FRACTIONS ON FREUND’S ADJUVANT-INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN ALBINO RATS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY","authors":"E. Alum","doi":"10.26873/svr-1150-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1150-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Several studies have implicated reactive oxygen species in perpetuation of inflammation and subsequent destruction of joints in patients with arthritis. Antioxidant effects of Buchholzia coriacea ethanol leaf-extract, aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions on oxidative stress indices in rheumatoid arthritic female wistar albino rats were examined. 180 rats were randomly divided into 12 groups. Fifteen rats were placed in each group. Rats without arthritis were placed in Group 1. Rheumatoid arthritis was induced in groups 2 to 12 by intradermal injection of 0.1 ml complete Freund’s adjuvant into the left hind paws of rats. Group 2 (arthritic rats) did not receive any treatment but rather were given normal saline while group 3 (arthritic rats) received 5 mg/kg indomethacinTM (a standard drug). Rats in Groups 4 to 12 were administered the samples at doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight. Freund’s adjuvant administration led to inflammation and oxidative stress which were marked by significant (P0.05) increase in paw sizes, oxidative stress markers and reduced body weight of the rats. Arthritic rats were treated with standard drug and samples (at varied doses) and this resulted to reversal of the trend of those parameters in a time and dose-dependent manner. Rats that received 800 mg/kg of the aqueous fraction displayed the best desirable result which was similar to the effect of indomethacin. Thus, Buchholzia coriacea ethanol extract and fractions may be useful in the management of oxidative stress which is very common among individuals with rheumatoid arthritis.Key words: rheumatoid arthritis; Buchholzia coriacea; free radicals; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen speciesANTIOKSIDATIVNI UČINEK ETANOLNEGA IZVLEČKA IN FRAKCIJ LISTOV Buchholzia coriacea NA FREUNDOV ADJUVANTNI ARTRITIS PRI ALBINO PODGANAH: PRIMERJALNA ŠTUDIJAIzvleček: V več študijah je bil nakazan pomen reaktivnih kisikovih zvrsti pri ohranjanju vnetja in poznejšem uničenju sklepov pri pacientih z osteoartritisom. Proučevali smo antioksidantivne učinke etanolovega izvlečka ter vodnih in etil acetatnih frakcij listov Buchholzia coriacea na kazalce oksidativnega stresa pri samicah albino podgan Wistar z revmatoidnih artritisom. 180 podgan smo naključno porazdelili v 12 skupin. V vsaki skupini je bilo 15 podgan. Podgane brez artritisa so bile uvrščene v skupino 1. V skupinah 2  do 12 so bile podgane z revmatoidnim artritisom, povzročenim z  intradermalno injekcijo 0,1 ml Freundovega kompletnega adjuvansa v zadnjo levo taco podgan. Skupina 2 (podgane z artritisom) ni bila zdravljena, prejela je fiziološko raztopino, skupina 3 (podgane z artritisom) pa je prejela 5 mg/kg indometacinaTM (standardno zdravilo). Podgane v skupinah 4 do 12 so prejele vzorce adjuvansa v odmerkih 200, 400 in 800 mg/kg telesne mase. Aplikacija Freundovega adjuvansa je povzročila vnetje in oksidativni stres, kar se je kazalo v značilnem (p0.05) povišanju velikosti tac in kazalcev oksidativnega stresa ter ","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49376708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HERNIORRHAPHY AND SURGICAL OUTCOMES OF DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA IN CATS","authors":"M. Deveci, Z. Yurtal, C. İşler, Sara Busra Emiroglu, İbrahim Alakuş, M. Altuğ","doi":"10.26873/svr-1295-2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1295-2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcome and mortality of diaphragmatic hernia in cats and present herniorrhaphy results. Diagnostic and surgical data from 25 cats with diaphragmatic hernias were analyzed retrospectively. The cats were between the ages of 2 months and 4 years, included 9 cases of males (5/9 neutered) and 16 cases of females (9/16 spayed). acute cases were 12/25 and chronic cases were 13/25. Diaphragmatic rupture locations were defined according to the points that are determined based on a clockwise scale. Location was classified as multiple in 10 (40 %), ventral in 7 (28 %), right in 5 (20 %), and left in 3 (12 %) cases. The three most frequently herniated organs were small intestine (20, 80 %), liver (16, 64 %), and omentum (15, 60 %). Postoperative survival rates were 83.3 % for acute cases and 69.2 % for chronic. Full recovery was achieved in 19 (76 %) of the cats. Results suggest that the location and size of diaphragm ruptures, the organs herniated, and the presence of concurrent pathologies directly affect mortality. Mortality is higher in cases with concurrent injuries, large diaphragmatic ruptures, and excessively herniated organs.Key words: prognosis; feline diseases; hernia; rupture; survivalHERNIORAFIJA IN KIRURŠKI IZIDI DIAFRAGMALNE KILE PRI MAČKAHIzvleček: Namen te študije je bil ovrednotiti kirurški izid in smrtnost diafragmalne kile pri mačkah ter predstaviti rezultate herniorafije. Retrospektivno smo analizirali diagnostične in kirurške podatke pri 25 mačkah z diafragmalno kilo. Mačke so bile stare od 2 mesecev do 4 let, med njimi je bilo 9 samcev (5/9 kastriranih) in 16 samic (9/16 steriliziranih). Akutnih primerov je bilo 12/25 in kroničnih 13/25. Mesta pretrganja diafragme so bila opredeljena glede na točke, določene na podlagi lestvice v smeri urinega kazalca. Pretrganje je bilo določeno kot večmestno v 10 (40 %) primerih, ventralno v 7 (28 %), desno v  5 (20 %) in levo v 3 (12 %) primerih. Trije najpogosteje vrinjeni organi so bili tanko črevo (20, 80 %), jetra (16, 64 %) in omentum (15, 60 %). Preživetje po operaciji je bilo pri akutnih primerih 83,3 %, pri kroničnih pa 69,2 %. Popolno okrevanje je bilo doseženo pri 19 (76 %) mačkah. Rezultati kažejo, da na umrljivost neposredno vplivajo mesto in velikost raztrganine diafragme, vrinjeni organi in prisotnost sočasnih patologij. Smrtnost je večja pri sočasnih poškodbah, velikih raztrganinah diafragme in prekomernem vrinjenju organov.Ključne besede: prognoza; bolezni mačk; kila; raztrganina; preživetje","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43647484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}