SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems最新文献

{"title":"Power production of an ORC system using a stratified molten salt as thermal energy storage integrated in a CSP plant","authors":"R. Liberatore, M. Falchetta, W. Gaggioli, D. Mazzei, V. Russo","doi":"10.1063/1.5117651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117651","url":null,"abstract":"The use of Organic Ranking Cycle (ORC) systems to produce electrical energy in Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants has been significantly increasing over the recent years, mainly for small size plants [1-2]. The project ORC-PLUS, in the frame of Horizon2020, aims to deepen this aspect for an existing CSP plant located in a desert area at Ben Guerir in Morocco and using linear Fresnel collectors as well as thermal oil as heat transfer fluid (HTF). This plant foresees mainly two different operative modes: during daytime with sufficient Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system is directly coupled to a 7 loops solar field; after sunset the ORC is fed by a thermal storage coupled to an additional solar field consisting of 3 loops. In the same context the performances of a stratified molten salt as thermal energy storage (TES) are deepened at ENEA CR Casaccia in Italy. Aim of this paper is the analysis of the power production of the 1 MWe ORC system present in the plant, under different operating conditions using a proper computing model.The use of Organic Ranking Cycle (ORC) systems to produce electrical energy in Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants has been significantly increasing over the recent years, mainly for small size plants [1-2]. The project ORC-PLUS, in the frame of Horizon2020, aims to deepen this aspect for an existing CSP plant located in a desert area at Ben Guerir in Morocco and using linear Fresnel collectors as well as thermal oil as heat transfer fluid (HTF). This plant foresees mainly two different operative modes: during daytime with sufficient Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system is directly coupled to a 7 loops solar field; after sunset the ORC is fed by a thermal storage coupled to an additional solar field consisting of 3 loops. In the same context the performances of a stratified molten salt as thermal energy storage (TES) are deepened at ENEA CR Casaccia in Italy. Aim of this paper is the analysis of the power production of the 1 MWe ORC system present in the plant, under dif...","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81773331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fuel from hydrothermal liquefaction of waste in solar parabolic troughs","authors":"M. Pearce, X. Tonnellier, N. Sengar, C. Sansom","doi":"10.1063/1.5117695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117695","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing production costs of thermo-conversion of waste to fuel technologies depends upon an integrated approach to heat utilisation, nutrient recycling and complete by-product valorisation. Hydrothermal liquefaction is a proven laboratory technology with much recent research interest, though yet to be widely deployed as a commercial technology for third generation biofuels. Notwithstanding increased applied research efforts into hydrothermal liquefaction, energy inputs into waste to fuel formulation remain high, and originate from non-renewable heat sources. The technical approach presented is the field testing of an integrated set-up of concentrated solar power and hydrothermal liquefaction system and bio-crude output compositional analysis. Concentrated solar power is integrated with hydrothermal liquefaction technologies into the conversion process to improve the energy efficiency and the economic case for scaling waste to bio-crude production. This paper presents the hydrothermal liquefaction bio-oil formation and product analysis at a pre-pilot field scale. Waste valorisation and commercial strategy is discussed with reference to post-reactant hydrothermal liquefaction outputs on experimental work carried out in India.Reducing production costs of thermo-conversion of waste to fuel technologies depends upon an integrated approach to heat utilisation, nutrient recycling and complete by-product valorisation. Hydrothermal liquefaction is a proven laboratory technology with much recent research interest, though yet to be widely deployed as a commercial technology for third generation biofuels. Notwithstanding increased applied research efforts into hydrothermal liquefaction, energy inputs into waste to fuel formulation remain high, and originate from non-renewable heat sources. The technical approach presented is the field testing of an integrated set-up of concentrated solar power and hydrothermal liquefaction system and bio-crude output compositional analysis. Concentrated solar power is integrated with hydrothermal liquefaction technologies into the conversion process to improve the energy efficiency and the economic case for scaling waste to bio-crude production. This paper presents the hydrothermal liquefaction bio-oil...","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77618721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of thermocline storage model with experimental data of a laboratory-scale molten salt test facility","authors":"Theda Zoschke, Martin Karl, T. Fluri, Ralf Müller","doi":"10.1063/1.5117749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117749","url":null,"abstract":"The Fraunhofer ISE single-tank simulation model was parameterized and inputs were set according to the Fraunhofer ISE lab-scale storage tank in order to validate the model. The measured stratification during the charging cycle was compared to the temperature distribution of the simulated storage tank. If the effective diffusivity factor was calculated according to literature correlations, it corresponded very well with the measurement data with a mean standard deviation of 1.21%. A parameter identification for the effective diffusivity factor of the storage was performed to reduce these deviations even further. It showed that the ideal effective diffusivity factor is 150. The mean standard deviation was further reduced to 1.14 %.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74353043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"System-level simulation of a solar-driven liquid fuel production plant via gasification-Fischer-Tropsch route","authors":"Ali Shirazi, A. Rahbari, John Pye","doi":"10.1063/1.5117696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117696","url":null,"abstract":"Conversion of algae into liquid fuels via solar-driven supercritical water gasification (SCWG) with steam methane reforming (SMR) and Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis offers a promising approach for production of clean fuels. While much research has been dedicated to the analysis of biomass gasification, methane reforming and FT synthesis separately, little emphasis has been placed on a fully integrated system based on these components especially when a variable heat source – i.e. concentrating solar thermal (CST) – is involved. As such, this paper investigates the annual dynamic performance and techno-economic feasibility of this technology at a system level. A detailed steady-state model of the SCWG-SMR and FT plants is developed in ASPEN Plus software. Based on performance curves of key component quantities at design and off-design points, an energy-based, system-level model of the whole solar fuel plant is developed in OpenModelica. The solar field is sized such that it can deliver 50 MWth to the receiver at design. The results of the parametric study suggest that the optimal solar multiple and syngas storage size are 3.5 and 16 hours, respectively, leading to a levelised cost of fuel (LCOF) of 3.2 AUD/L (∼2.3 USD/L) and a capacity factor of ∼71%. The total capital and annual operational costs of the system are found to be ∼162 M-AUD and ∼24 M-AUD per year, respectively. Although the estimated LCOF in this study seems to be relatively high compared to fossil fuel-based petroleum products, this technology is expected to be economically competitive in the near future through e.g. upscaling the plant size and further reduction in the algae production cost.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87740348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removing biases from rotating shadowband radiometers","authors":"F. Vignola, J. Peterson, F. Mavromatakis, S. Wilbert, Anne Forstinger, M. Dooraghi, M. Sengupta","doi":"10.1063/1.5117714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117714","url":null,"abstract":"Three types of biases are examined for a Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (RSR): temperature bias, spectral bias, and deviation from a Lambertian cosine response. A step by step method is presented to illustrate how to use this information to develop a model for adjustment algorithms for a RSR. Comparisons are made with a RSR adjusted using the model and measure direct normal, diffuse, and global irradiance.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77079601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water saving potential of CSP-PV hybrid plants","authors":"Lukas Haack, M. Schlecht","doi":"10.1063/1.5117762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117762","url":null,"abstract":"Within the consideration of the potential benefits of a CSP-PV hybrid over a CSP stand-alone plant, the usage of water has been analyzed. Specifically at arid locations, which are typically preferred for CSP due to the high irradiance, water is a scarce resource, and options to save water are worth consideration. The conservation of water is an important factor in the further development of CSP sites in these areas. In an effort to identify water saving potential of CSP-PV hybrid plants compared with CSP plants, a case study has been performed on the basis of a fictive project in an arid region with an air-cooled condenser (ACC) cooling system. Besides the required make-up water for the CSP steam cycle, the water consumption for cleaning the solar field has been identified as one of the main driver for the total water consumption and has been analyzed in more detail. Provided that PV performance is less affected by soiling when compared to CSP, less cleaning cycles are required for PV modules. The results of this case study show that a CSP-PV hybrid has the potential to reduce the total water consumption of a plant by approximately 43% compared with a CSP only plant configuration. Moreover, the results indicate that the water consumption can further be reduced by almost 60% if dry cleaning is used for the PV modules.Within the consideration of the potential benefits of a CSP-PV hybrid over a CSP stand-alone plant, the usage of water has been analyzed. Specifically at arid locations, which are typically preferred for CSP due to the high irradiance, water is a scarce resource, and options to save water are worth consideration. The conservation of water is an important factor in the further development of CSP sites in these areas. In an effort to identify water saving potential of CSP-PV hybrid plants compared with CSP plants, a case study has been performed on the basis of a fictive project in an arid region with an air-cooled condenser (ACC) cooling system. Besides the required make-up water for the CSP steam cycle, the water consumption for cleaning the solar field has been identified as one of the main driver for the total water consumption and has been analyzed in more detail. Provided that PV performance is less affected by soiling when compared to CSP, less cleaning cycles are required for PV modules. The results...","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75836761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“MOSAIC”, A new CSP plant concept for the highest concentration ratios at the lowest cost","authors":"C. Villasante, Í. Pagola, A. Peña, Marcelino Sánchez, A. Olarra, E. Gomez-Acedo, S. Herrero","doi":"10.1063/1.5117594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117594","url":null,"abstract":"The MOSAIC project aims to develop a commercial CSP plant concept over 1GW nominal capacity. High nominal capacity is reached in a modular way, where each MOSAIC module delivers thermal energy to connected thermal energy storage systems that supply their energy to a high capacity power block (>1GW). This modular configuration significantly reduces the specific cost of the power block (€/MW installed). Each MOSAIC module consists of an innovative fixed spherical mirror concentrator arranged in the form of a semi-Fresnel and a moving receiver driven by a low-cost cable tracking system. This configuration reduces the amount of moving parts of the entire system, lowering the cost of the solar field and keeping high concentration ratios. This will ensure high working temperatures and therefore high cycle efficiencies and cost-effective use of thermal storage systems. Energy from the sun is collected, concentrated and transferred to the heat transfer fluid at module level, where, due to the modular concept, the distances from the solar concentrator to the receiver are much shorter than in typical solar tower technologies. As a result, energy collection efficiency is maximized, atmospheric attenuation is minimized, and precision requirements can be lowered. All these technical benefits can contribute to a lower capital cost of the whole system, while ensuring efficiency and reliability. This therefore has a strong impact on the final cost of electricity production.The MOSAIC project aims to develop a commercial CSP plant concept over 1GW nominal capacity. High nominal capacity is reached in a modular way, where each MOSAIC module delivers thermal energy to connected thermal energy storage systems that supply their energy to a high capacity power block (>1GW). This modular configuration significantly reduces the specific cost of the power block (€/MW installed). Each MOSAIC module consists of an innovative fixed spherical mirror concentrator arranged in the form of a semi-Fresnel and a moving receiver driven by a low-cost cable tracking system. This configuration reduces the amount of moving parts of the entire system, lowering the cost of the solar field and keeping high concentration ratios. This will ensure high working temperatures and therefore high cycle efficiencies and cost-effective use of thermal storage systems. Energy from the sun is collected, concentrated and transferred to the heat transfer fluid at module level, where, due to the modular concept, the...","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"221 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73268082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reticulated porous ceramic ceria structures with modified surface geometry for solar thermochemical splitting of water and carbon dioxide","authors":"M. Hoes, Erik Koepf, P. Davenport, A. Steinfeld","doi":"10.1063/1.5117690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117690","url":null,"abstract":"Reticulated porous ceramic structures made of ceria are investigated for their ability to volumetrically absorb concentrated solar radiation and drive the thermochemical redox splitting of H2O and CO2. Various geometric modifications to the RPC (Reticulated Porous Ceramics) exposed surface area are considered to improve radiation penetration and enable uniform heating. The structures were exposed to high-flux irradiation, their temperature distribution was measured, and their performance was analyzed, including calculation of oxygen release.Reticulated porous ceramic structures made of ceria are investigated for their ability to volumetrically absorb concentrated solar radiation and drive the thermochemical redox splitting of H2O and CO2. Various geometric modifications to the RPC (Reticulated Porous Ceramics) exposed surface area are considered to improve radiation penetration and enable uniform heating. The structures were exposed to high-flux irradiation, their temperature distribution was measured, and their performance was analyzed, including calculation of oxygen release.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"139 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76400893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A technical assessment of pneumatic conveying of solids for a high temperature particle receiver","authors":"P. Guo, Quyen H. Ly, W. Saw, K. Lim, P. Ashman, G. Nathan","doi":"10.1063/1.5117537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117537","url":null,"abstract":"A technical assessment of pneumatic conveying of solids at various operating temperatures for a high temperature solar particle receiver is reported. The power consumption of the conveying system was determined from a calculation of the pressure drop in the conveying pipes. The enthalpy loss of the transported particles was estimated from an energy balance and the heat losses through the wall. The power consumption of the pneumatic conveying system was found to decrease significantly with an increase in conveying temperature and to be less for a dense phase conveying system that for a skip hoist conveyor, where the solid input temperature is higher than 150 °C. The equivalent threshold temperature is 400 °C for a dilute phase conveying system. Nevertheless, including the enthalpy loss of the particles caused by the increases in both mechanical energy and gas enthalpy, the dense phase conveying is more energy efficient than skip hoist if the solid input temperature is higher than 450 °C while the dilute phase conveying always consumes more energy than skip hoist, under the studied conditions.A technical assessment of pneumatic conveying of solids at various operating temperatures for a high temperature solar particle receiver is reported. The power consumption of the conveying system was determined from a calculation of the pressure drop in the conveying pipes. The enthalpy loss of the transported particles was estimated from an energy balance and the heat losses through the wall. The power consumption of the pneumatic conveying system was found to decrease significantly with an increase in conveying temperature and to be less for a dense phase conveying system that for a skip hoist conveyor, where the solid input temperature is higher than 150 °C. The equivalent threshold temperature is 400 °C for a dilute phase conveying system. Nevertheless, including the enthalpy loss of the particles caused by the increases in both mechanical energy and gas enthalpy, the dense phase conveying is more energy efficient than skip hoist if the solid input temperature is higher than 450 °C while the dilute ph...","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74584240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized mirror cleaning strategies in PTC plants reducing the water consumption and the levelized cost of cleaning","authors":"S. Rohani, Nada Abdelnabi, T. Fluri, A. Heimsath, C. Wittwer, Javier García Pérez Ainsua","doi":"10.1063/1.5117763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117763","url":null,"abstract":"Soiling reduces the optical efficiency of the reflectors in a CSP plant and thus has a negative effect on the plant power output and LCOE. To mitigate this effect, regular cleaning should be performed which in turn increases the operation cost and consumes large amounts of water. In this study, potential improved cleaning strategies were tested through detailed dynamic simulation with an attempt to realize the relation between the cleaning water consumption and the specific cost of cleaning as well as to identify the optimum cleaning strategy for a specific site answering the question when and which collector should be cleaned. The aim of the study is to evaluate different cleaning strategies through a CSP performance model which is able to simulate the behavior of a CSP plant as close as possible to the real conditions. For this reason, spatiotemporal distribution of cleanliness in the solar field and individual loop simulation were taken into account in order to consider the effect of the non-homogenous cleanliness on the outlet temperature of the solar field. Additionally, the cleaning processes have been modelled based on the characteristics of ECILIMP cleaning trucks obtained from several on-site and laboratory scale tests. The simulation results show that the proposed cleaning strategy with variable threshold can reduce the cleaning water consumption by up to 19% and reduce the levelized cost of cleaning by 25% without any negative effect on the plant performance.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75197001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}