Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.1177/19485506241253359
Casper Sakstrup, Henrikas Bartusevičius
Political violence causes immense human suffering. Scholars pinpoint economic inequalities between ethnic groups as a major cause of such violence. However, the relationships between group-based inequality, group-based injustice, and political violence are not fully understood. Combining insights from social psychological research on collective action and political science research on civil conflict, we underscore that it is group-based injustice that motivates violence. A perception that one’s group has been treated unfairly tends to produce conflict-related emotions (e.g., anger). By contrast, a mere perception that one’s group is of lower economic status rarely produces such emotions. Furthermore, perceived economic disadvantage negatively relates to perceived political efficacy, which may dissuade engagement in political violence. To assess these arguments, we analyzed attitudes toward, intentions to engage in, and self-reported engagement in political violence, utilizing probability samples from 18 African countries ( N > 37,000). We found that measures of group-based perceived injustice, whether controlling or not for group-based economic inequality, predicted all violent outcomes; whereas measures of perceived group-based inequality predicted (negatively) self-reported participation in violence but not the other outcomes. We advance both social psychological and political science literatures, suggesting that group-based injustice and inequality are distinct constructs, relating to political violence via different pathways.
{"title":"Group-Based Injustice, but Not Group-Based Economic Inequality, Predicts Political Violence Across 18 African Countries","authors":"Casper Sakstrup, Henrikas Bartusevičius","doi":"10.1177/19485506241253359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506241253359","url":null,"abstract":"Political violence causes immense human suffering. Scholars pinpoint economic inequalities between ethnic groups as a major cause of such violence. However, the relationships between group-based inequality, group-based injustice, and political violence are not fully understood. Combining insights from social psychological research on collective action and political science research on civil conflict, we underscore that it is group-based injustice that motivates violence. A perception that one’s group has been treated unfairly tends to produce conflict-related emotions (e.g., anger). By contrast, a mere perception that one’s group is of lower economic status rarely produces such emotions. Furthermore, perceived economic disadvantage negatively relates to perceived political efficacy, which may dissuade engagement in political violence. To assess these arguments, we analyzed attitudes toward, intentions to engage in, and self-reported engagement in political violence, utilizing probability samples from 18 African countries ( N > 37,000). We found that measures of group-based perceived injustice, whether controlling or not for group-based economic inequality, predicted all violent outcomes; whereas measures of perceived group-based inequality predicted (negatively) self-reported participation in violence but not the other outcomes. We advance both social psychological and political science literatures, suggesting that group-based injustice and inequality are distinct constructs, relating to political violence via different pathways.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141170788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-27DOI: 10.1177/19485506241254157
Simon Columbus, Isabel Thielmann, Robert Böhm, Ingo Zettler
Motivated by theoretical accounts positing that participation in intergroup conflict is driven by a desire to promote the in-group, past studies have explored the link between prosocial personality dimensions and out-group harm. However, while dimensions such as Honesty-Humility predict in-group cooperation, they do not explain out-group harm. Across two incentivized experimental studies (one preregistered; overall N = 1,584), we show that out-group harm is uniquely associated with higher levels of the Dark Factor of Personality (D), a personality dimension capturing the core of all aversive personality characteristics. Conversely, high levels of D, alongside low levels of Honesty-Humility, are associated with less in-group cooperation. Our results show that in-group cooperation and out-group harm are associated with distinct personality dimensions.
有理论认为，参与群体间冲突的动机是为了促进本群体的利益，受此理论的驱动，过去的研究探索了亲社会人格维度与群体外伤害之间的联系。然而，虽然诚实-谦逊等人格维度可以预测群内合作，但却无法解释群外伤害。通过两项激励实验研究（其中一项是预先注册的，总人数=1,584），我们发现，群体外伤害与较高的人格黑暗因子（D）水平有独特的关联，D是一个人格维度，捕捉了所有厌恶型人格特征的核心。相反，高水平的 D 与低水平的诚实-谦逊（Honesty-Humility）与较少的群内合作相关。我们的研究结果表明，群内合作和群外伤害与不同的人格维度有关。
{"title":"Personality Correlates of Out-Group Harm","authors":"Simon Columbus, Isabel Thielmann, Robert Böhm, Ingo Zettler","doi":"10.1177/19485506241254157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506241254157","url":null,"abstract":"Motivated by theoretical accounts positing that participation in intergroup conflict is driven by a desire to promote the in-group, past studies have explored the link between prosocial personality dimensions and out-group harm. However, while dimensions such as Honesty-Humility predict in-group cooperation, they do not explain out-group harm. Across two incentivized experimental studies (one preregistered; overall N = 1,584), we show that out-group harm is uniquely associated with higher levels of the Dark Factor of Personality (D), a personality dimension capturing the core of all aversive personality characteristics. Conversely, high levels of D, alongside low levels of Honesty-Humility, are associated with less in-group cooperation. Our results show that in-group cooperation and out-group harm are associated with distinct personality dimensions.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141170795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1177/19485506241249816
Anna Köhler, Christoph Heine, Birk Hagemeyer, Michael Dufner
The amount of social support partners provide and receive in romantic relationships is important for psychological well-being. But in what sense exactly? Divergent and highly nuanced hypotheses exist in the literature. We explicitly spelled out these hypotheses, specified a statistical model for each using response surface analyses, and simultaneously tested which model had the most empirical support. We analyzed data from more than 16,000 participants and investigated how the amount of social support relates to relationship satisfaction (of participants themselves and partners) and self-esteem (of participants themselves). For participants’ own relationship satisfaction, models postulating that more provided and received social support is linked to higher satisfaction had the most empirical support. For partners’ relationship satisfaction and participants’ self-esteem, models that also take partners’ (dis)-similarity in supportiveness into account received support. In total, the absolute amount of support seems to generally matter and, in some cases, partners’ (dis)-similarity seems relevant.
{"title":"How Are Provided and Received Social Support Related to Relationship Satisfaction and Self-Esteem? A Comprehensive Test of Competing Hypotheses","authors":"Anna Köhler, Christoph Heine, Birk Hagemeyer, Michael Dufner","doi":"10.1177/19485506241249816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506241249816","url":null,"abstract":"The amount of social support partners provide and receive in romantic relationships is important for psychological well-being. But in what sense exactly? Divergent and highly nuanced hypotheses exist in the literature. We explicitly spelled out these hypotheses, specified a statistical model for each using response surface analyses, and simultaneously tested which model had the most empirical support. We analyzed data from more than 16,000 participants and investigated how the amount of social support relates to relationship satisfaction (of participants themselves and partners) and self-esteem (of participants themselves). For participants’ own relationship satisfaction, models postulating that more provided and received social support is linked to higher satisfaction had the most empirical support. For partners’ relationship satisfaction and participants’ self-esteem, models that also take partners’ (dis)-similarity in supportiveness into account received support. In total, the absolute amount of support seems to generally matter and, in some cases, partners’ (dis)-similarity seems relevant.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"180 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140928590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-29DOI: 10.1177/19485506241247871
Bradley T. Hughes, Sanjay Srivastava
Research on impressions and social interactions has predominately examined perceptions of artificial stimuli or those made by convenience samples of undergraduates. In the present work, we introduce and validate a new experimental method, the Computer-Mediated Online Round Robin (CMORR), with the aim of providing researchers a tool to extend the study of interpersonal phenomena to more diverse populations. We describe the method and provide guidance for future CMORR studies. We collected CMORR data from an undergraduate sample ( N = 171), and compared the structure and accuracy of impressions of Big Five personality trait to two in-person studies; one with group interactions ( N = 225), one with dyadic interactions ( N = 511), and meta-analytic estimates from the literature. The results showed a general correspondence between impressions formed in online interactions and in in-person contexts. The findings support using CMORR to study general questions about impressions and social interactions.
{"title":"The Computer-Mediated Online Round Robin (CMORR): An Online Method for Studying Impressions and Social Interactions","authors":"Bradley T. Hughes, Sanjay Srivastava","doi":"10.1177/19485506241247871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506241247871","url":null,"abstract":"Research on impressions and social interactions has predominately examined perceptions of artificial stimuli or those made by convenience samples of undergraduates. In the present work, we introduce and validate a new experimental method, the Computer-Mediated Online Round Robin (CMORR), with the aim of providing researchers a tool to extend the study of interpersonal phenomena to more diverse populations. We describe the method and provide guidance for future CMORR studies. We collected CMORR data from an undergraduate sample ( N = 171), and compared the structure and accuracy of impressions of Big Five personality trait to two in-person studies; one with group interactions ( N = 225), one with dyadic interactions ( N = 511), and meta-analytic estimates from the literature. The results showed a general correspondence between impressions formed in online interactions and in in-person contexts. The findings support using CMORR to study general questions about impressions and social interactions.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140835250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-29DOI: 10.1177/19485506241247384
Kathryn M. Kroeper, Laura K. Hildebrand, Tao Jiang, Ariana Hernandez-Colmenares, Katrina Brown, Abigail V. Wilk, Steven J. Spencer, Andrew F. Heckler, Kentaro Fujita
College students are experiencing a significant mental health crisis, with rising rates of psychological distress. To help understand this trend, this study examines recursive relationships in the classroom between perceived mindset beliefs—that is, whether students perceive others in their classroom to view intelligence as malleable or fixed—and psychological distress. Across three time points, 288 undergraduates taking a physics course completed measures of perceived classroom mindset and psychological distress. Random intercept cross-lagged panel analyses, which controlled for demographic factors and students’ own mindset beliefs, revealed that perceiving the classroom culture as more fixed-minded early in the semester was associated with increased psychological distress later. Likewise, increased psychological distress early in the semester was associated with perceiving the classroom culture to be more fixed-minded later. These findings suggest that perceived mindset and distress are mutually reinforcing, highlighting the importance of addressing both in interventions aimed at alleviating student distress.
{"title":"The Recursive Cycle of Perceived Mindset and Psychological Distress in College","authors":"Kathryn M. Kroeper, Laura K. Hildebrand, Tao Jiang, Ariana Hernandez-Colmenares, Katrina Brown, Abigail V. Wilk, Steven J. Spencer, Andrew F. Heckler, Kentaro Fujita","doi":"10.1177/19485506241247384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506241247384","url":null,"abstract":"College students are experiencing a significant mental health crisis, with rising rates of psychological distress. To help understand this trend, this study examines recursive relationships in the classroom between perceived mindset beliefs—that is, whether students perceive others in their classroom to view intelligence as malleable or fixed—and psychological distress. Across three time points, 288 undergraduates taking a physics course completed measures of perceived classroom mindset and psychological distress. Random intercept cross-lagged panel analyses, which controlled for demographic factors and students’ own mindset beliefs, revealed that perceiving the classroom culture as more fixed-minded early in the semester was associated with increased psychological distress later. Likewise, increased psychological distress early in the semester was associated with perceiving the classroom culture to be more fixed-minded later. These findings suggest that perceived mindset and distress are mutually reinforcing, highlighting the importance of addressing both in interventions aimed at alleviating student distress.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140835387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-27DOI: 10.1177/19485506241245157
Wiebke Bleidorn, Thomas Schilling, Christopher J. Hopwood
A substantial rise of vote shares of Green parties across European countries suggests an increasing support of environmental issues. A critical question for researchers and policymakers alike is, who endorses Green parties? Here, we examined the Big Five personality predictors of green partisanship, voting behavior, and party switching in a nationally representative sample of more than 27,000 Germans collected over a period of 16 years. Consistent with previous research, high openness and low conscientiousness emerged as the strongest personality predictors of green partisanship and voting behavior. Critically, high openness also predicted the likelihood to switch to a Green party vote across two federal elections. These effects held when controlling for demographics and environmental concerns, suggesting that the association between personality and support for Greens reflects more than social norms or attitudes about the environment. We close with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
{"title":"High Openness and Low Conscientiousness Predict Green Party Preferences and Voting","authors":"Wiebke Bleidorn, Thomas Schilling, Christopher J. Hopwood","doi":"10.1177/19485506241245157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506241245157","url":null,"abstract":"A substantial rise of vote shares of Green parties across European countries suggests an increasing support of environmental issues. A critical question for researchers and policymakers alike is, who endorses Green parties? Here, we examined the Big Five personality predictors of green partisanship, voting behavior, and party switching in a nationally representative sample of more than 27,000 Germans collected over a period of 16 years. Consistent with previous research, high openness and low conscientiousness emerged as the strongest personality predictors of green partisanship and voting behavior. Critically, high openness also predicted the likelihood to switch to a Green party vote across two federal elections. These effects held when controlling for demographics and environmental concerns, suggesting that the association between personality and support for Greens reflects more than social norms or attitudes about the environment. We close with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140812713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.1177/19485506241244547
Yanzi Huang, Theresa Miller, Catherine Awad, Patrick Gilbert Mercado Reyes, Aizihaer Tuerxuntuoheti, Peter Mende-Siedlecki
Perceivers recognize pain less readily on Black (vs. White) faces in the United States. The present work investigated whether this perceptual bias is moderated by target weight and gender across three experiments. Anti-Black bias in pain perception was mitigated within heavier-weight (vs. average-weight) male-appearing targets (Experiment 1) but was independent of female-appearing targets’ weight (Experiment 2). A well-powered, pre-registered Experiment 3 replicated these findings, confirming that target weight and gender interactively shaped anti-Black bias in pain perception: target weight moderated perceptual bias within male-appearing (but not female-appearing) faces. These findings help illuminate factors that interact to shape racial bias in pain perception and demonstrate the importance of intersectionality when studying social perceptual biases.
{"title":"Target Weight and Gender Moderate Anti-Black Bias in Pain Perception","authors":"Yanzi Huang, Theresa Miller, Catherine Awad, Patrick Gilbert Mercado Reyes, Aizihaer Tuerxuntuoheti, Peter Mende-Siedlecki","doi":"10.1177/19485506241244547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506241244547","url":null,"abstract":"Perceivers recognize pain less readily on Black (vs. White) faces in the United States. The present work investigated whether this perceptual bias is moderated by target weight and gender across three experiments. Anti-Black bias in pain perception was mitigated within heavier-weight (vs. average-weight) male-appearing targets (Experiment 1) but was independent of female-appearing targets’ weight (Experiment 2). A well-powered, pre-registered Experiment 3 replicated these findings, confirming that target weight and gender interactively shaped anti-Black bias in pain perception: target weight moderated perceptual bias within male-appearing (but not female-appearing) faces. These findings help illuminate factors that interact to shape racial bias in pain perception and demonstrate the importance of intersectionality when studying social perceptual biases.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140613893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-12DOI: 10.1177/19485506241237288
Marcel Weber, Malte Friese
Past research has been inconclusive regarding the continued existence of the sexual double standard (SDS)—that is, differential expectations and evaluations of sexual activity for men (rewarded for sexual activity) and women (punished for sexual activity). Here, we present the similarities and differences (S&D) model of sexual standards, which significantly qualifies the traditional SDS by highlighting both similarities and differences between standards applied to women and men. Across two samples (student/community sample, crowdsourcing sample; Ntotal = 342) and seven sexual outcomes, high sexual activity was rated more favorably in men than in women (replicating previous research), and the opposite was true for low sexual activity (extending previous research). Importantly, moderate (not extremely low or high) sexual activity was rated most favorably in both genders, suggesting similar and curvilinear intragender trajectories. These findings illustrate a distinctly different perspective on male and female sexuality and open avenues for new research.
{"title":"Sexual (Double) Standards Revisited: Similarities and Differences in the Societal Evaluation of Male and Female Sexuality","authors":"Marcel Weber, Malte Friese","doi":"10.1177/19485506241237288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506241237288","url":null,"abstract":"Past research has been inconclusive regarding the continued existence of the sexual double standard (SDS)—that is, differential expectations and evaluations of sexual activity for men (rewarded for sexual activity) and women (punished for sexual activity). Here, we present the similarities and differences (S&D) model of sexual standards, which significantly qualifies the traditional SDS by highlighting both similarities and differences between standards applied to women and men. Across two samples (student/community sample, crowdsourcing sample; N<jats:sub>total</jats:sub> = 342) and seven sexual outcomes, high sexual activity was rated more favorably in men than in women (replicating previous research), and the opposite was true for low sexual activity (extending previous research). Importantly, moderate (not extremely low or high) sexual activity was rated most favorably in both genders, suggesting similar and curvilinear intragender trajectories. These findings illustrate a distinctly different perspective on male and female sexuality and open avenues for new research.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140592998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.1177/19485506241235235
Kate Dickman, Grace M. Wetzel, Diana T. Sanchez
Previous research has established that gendered sexual scripts shape sexual behavior. This study seeks to expand prior work on orgasm disparities for women across sexual orientations by exploring the role of partner gender. Across two studies, we examined how the gender of women’s sexual partners influenced their orgasm goal pursuit. We compared lesbian and heterosexual women’s experience with their most recent partner in Study 1, and experimentally compared bisexual women partnered with a woman or a man in a hypothetical sexual encounter in Study 2. In both studies, women reported higher clitoral stimulation and orgasm expectations when partnered with a woman compared to a man. Moreover, partner gender had a significant indirect effect on women’s orgasm goal pursuit through clitoral stimulation and expectations for orgasm. These results suggest that sexual scripts associated with partner gender play a key role in the orgasm gap for women who have sex with men.
{"title":"The Role of Partner Gender: How Sexual Expectations Shape the Pursuit of an Orgasm Goal for Heterosexual, Lesbian, and Bisexual Women","authors":"Kate Dickman, Grace M. Wetzel, Diana T. Sanchez","doi":"10.1177/19485506241235235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506241235235","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has established that gendered sexual scripts shape sexual behavior. This study seeks to expand prior work on orgasm disparities for women across sexual orientations by exploring the role of partner gender. Across two studies, we examined how the gender of women’s sexual partners influenced their orgasm goal pursuit. We compared lesbian and heterosexual women’s experience with their most recent partner in Study 1, and experimentally compared bisexual women partnered with a woman or a man in a hypothetical sexual encounter in Study 2. In both studies, women reported higher clitoral stimulation and orgasm expectations when partnered with a woman compared to a man. Moreover, partner gender had a significant indirect effect on women’s orgasm goal pursuit through clitoral stimulation and expectations for orgasm. These results suggest that sexual scripts associated with partner gender play a key role in the orgasm gap for women who have sex with men.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140593086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.1177/19485506241240506
Marius Frenken, Annika Reusch, Roland Imhoff
Although conspiracy theories exhibit varying degrees of plausibility as explanations for societal events, they are typically considered epistemically problematic. Since normative ascriptions of plausibility are not essential to their definition, we sought to examine whether judgments of (im)plausible conspiracy theories have different psychological underpinnings. In two preregistered studies ( N = 563), the plausibility of fictitious conspiracy theories was operationalized by pretest ratings (Study 1) or by experimentally manipulating supporting information in a belief updating paradigm (Study 2). While the general suspicious mind-set of conspiracy mentality was associated with perceiving greater plausibility in consensually plausible conspiracy theories, this was markedly stronger for implausible conspiracy theories. Cognitive variables were only negatively associated with attributing greater plausibility to conspiracy theories deemed implausible. The results suggest that a general suspicious perspective, along with limited cognitive skills and rational thinking dispositions, is related to biased plausibility judgments of conspiracy theories and the underweighting of information disconfirming them.
{"title":"“Just Because It’s a Conspiracy Theory Doesn’t Mean They’re Not Out to Get You”: Differentiating the Correlates of Judgments of Plausible Versus Implausible Conspiracy Theories","authors":"Marius Frenken, Annika Reusch, Roland Imhoff","doi":"10.1177/19485506241240506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506241240506","url":null,"abstract":"Although conspiracy theories exhibit varying degrees of plausibility as explanations for societal events, they are typically considered epistemically problematic. Since normative ascriptions of plausibility are not essential to their definition, we sought to examine whether judgments of (im)plausible conspiracy theories have different psychological underpinnings. In two preregistered studies ( N = 563), the plausibility of fictitious conspiracy theories was operationalized by pretest ratings (Study 1) or by experimentally manipulating supporting information in a belief updating paradigm (Study 2). While the general suspicious mind-set of conspiracy mentality was associated with perceiving greater plausibility in consensually plausible conspiracy theories, this was markedly stronger for implausible conspiracy theories. Cognitive variables were only negatively associated with attributing greater plausibility to conspiracy theories deemed implausible. The results suggest that a general suspicious perspective, along with limited cognitive skills and rational thinking dispositions, is related to biased plausibility judgments of conspiracy theories and the underweighting of information disconfirming them.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"168 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140592995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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