Pub Date : 2011-05-19DOI: 10.1504/IJND.2011.040124
P. Herrmann
A low-cost optical sensor built-in strip has been developed from a composite obtained with application of in-situ chemical polymerisation, using polyaniline in the emeraldine oxidation state, doped with HCl onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film, used to measured the pH of water. The absorption of UV-Vis spectra was used to evaluate the optical response to pH change of natural water. The strip showed a reversible colour change upon variation of the pH. The pH range used to calibrate the optical sensor was from 2.0 to 12.0. These kinds of sensors show the potential to investigate the pH of natural waters, with application to limnological studies, as well as to investigate the influence of the ionic strength. This paper describes new techniques that can be used to conduct research with pesticides in water using electrochemistry and biosensors, and an electronic tongue with conductive polymers for global quality evaluation.
{"title":"Nanosensors applied to water quality: developing a low-cost pH sensor for natural water, and application of other techniques","authors":"P. Herrmann","doi":"10.1504/IJND.2011.040124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJND.2011.040124","url":null,"abstract":"A low-cost optical sensor built-in strip has been developed from a composite obtained with application of in-situ chemical polymerisation, using polyaniline in the emeraldine oxidation state, doped with HCl onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film, used to measured the pH of water. The absorption of UV-Vis spectra was used to evaluate the optical response to pH change of natural water. The strip showed a reversible colour change upon variation of the pH. The pH range used to calibrate the optical sensor was from 2.0 to 12.0. These kinds of sensors show the potential to investigate the pH of natural waters, with application to limnological studies, as well as to investigate the influence of the ionic strength. This paper describes new techniques that can be used to conduct research with pesticides in water using electrochemistry and biosensors, and an electronic tongue with conductive polymers for global quality evaluation.","PeriodicalId":218810,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nuclear Desalination","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124959197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-19DOI: 10.1504/IJND.2011.040123
S. Dardour, P. K. Tewari
This paper presents the collaboration between the French Atomic Energy Commission (Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, CEA) and the Indian Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) on the use of nuclear reactors for desalination. The joint RD and (b) extraction of valuable materials from the concentrated brine rejected by water plants. The results achieved during phase I of the collaboration include the development, implementation and partial validation of models describing the behaviour of multi-effect evaporators (MEE) equipped with a mechanical vapour compression device (MVC), the assessment of the influence of the feed water properties on the performance of the reverse osmosis (RO) process and the identification of methods and protocols for the extraction of valuable materials from brine reject. This effort will continue during phase II of the project with a particular emphasis on model extension, validation and application.
{"title":"The CEA/BARC collaboration on the use of nuclear reactors for desalination","authors":"S. Dardour, P. K. Tewari","doi":"10.1504/IJND.2011.040123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJND.2011.040123","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the collaboration between the French Atomic Energy Commission (Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, CEA) and the Indian Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) on the use of nuclear reactors for desalination. The joint RD and (b) extraction of valuable materials from the concentrated brine rejected by water plants. The results achieved during phase I of the collaboration include the development, implementation and partial validation of models describing the behaviour of multi-effect evaporators (MEE) equipped with a mechanical vapour compression device (MVC), the assessment of the influence of the feed water properties on the performance of the reverse osmosis (RO) process and the identification of methods and protocols for the extraction of valuable materials from brine reject. This effort will continue during phase II of the project with a particular emphasis on model extension, validation and application.","PeriodicalId":218810,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nuclear Desalination","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128339838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-19DOI: 10.1504/IJND.2011.040122
P. K. Tewari
Water is the natural resource on which human life, food security and the health of ecosystems depend. The requirement for water is increasing rapidly owing to progressive increase in the demand for irrigation, rapid industrialisation, population growth and improving living standards. The existing water resources are diminishing due to (a) unequal distribution of rain leading to drought, (b) excessive exploitation of groundwater sources and (c) deterioration of water quality owing to the discharge of domestic and industrial effluents without adequate treatment. A large number of villages in India and several other parts of the world are known to be suffering from excess salinity, fluoride, iron, arsenic and microbial contaminations of ground water. There are areas that face perennial water shortage. Thus, the sustainable management of water is one of the key challenges that our society is facing today. This paper discusses different challenges and approaches to integrated water resource management.
{"title":"Challenges and approach to integrated water resource management","authors":"P. K. Tewari","doi":"10.1504/IJND.2011.040122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJND.2011.040122","url":null,"abstract":"Water is the natural resource on which human life, food security and the health of ecosystems depend. The requirement for water is increasing rapidly owing to progressive increase in the demand for irrigation, rapid industrialisation, population growth and improving living standards. The existing water resources are diminishing due to (a) unequal distribution of rain leading to drought, (b) excessive exploitation of groundwater sources and (c) deterioration of water quality owing to the discharge of domestic and industrial effluents without adequate treatment. A large number of villages in India and several other parts of the world are known to be suffering from excess salinity, fluoride, iron, arsenic and microbial contaminations of ground water. There are areas that face perennial water shortage. Thus, the sustainable management of water is one of the key challenges that our society is facing today. This paper discusses different challenges and approaches to integrated water resource management.","PeriodicalId":218810,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nuclear Desalination","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122464028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-19DOI: 10.1504/IJND.2011.040127
T. Prasad, P. K. Tewari, D. Sathiyamoorthy
The heavy metals, such as uranium and vanadium, are some of the valuable metals in desalination effluents. Metal Chelate Embedded Polymers (MCEP) in leaflet form were prepared using the post-irradiation induced graft polymerisation technique, with different non-woven thermally bonded fibrous substrate materials. The novel sorbents, synthesised by using accelerator energy beams of 1.25 MeV and 2 MeV, were characterised for their radiation, chemical and mechanical characteristics. The novel sorbent was evaluated under different parametric conditions, in order to study the influence of grafting levels, initial concentration, dissolved solids and contact time. The standard isotherm and diffusion models were fitted to the experimental sorption data and model parameters were evaluated. The sorption characteristics of MCEP for recovery of heavy metals such as uranium and vanadium from desalination effluents were investigated.
{"title":"Sorption kinetic studies using metal chelate embedded polymers for recovery of heavy metals from desalination effluents","authors":"T. Prasad, P. K. Tewari, D. Sathiyamoorthy","doi":"10.1504/IJND.2011.040127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJND.2011.040127","url":null,"abstract":"The heavy metals, such as uranium and vanadium, are some of the valuable metals in desalination effluents. Metal Chelate Embedded Polymers (MCEP) in leaflet form were prepared using the post-irradiation induced graft polymerisation technique, with different non-woven thermally bonded fibrous substrate materials. The novel sorbents, synthesised by using accelerator energy beams of 1.25 MeV and 2 MeV, were characterised for their radiation, chemical and mechanical characteristics. The novel sorbent was evaluated under different parametric conditions, in order to study the influence of grafting levels, initial concentration, dissolved solids and contact time. The standard isotherm and diffusion models were fitted to the experimental sorption data and model parameters were evaluated. The sorption characteristics of MCEP for recovery of heavy metals such as uranium and vanadium from desalination effluents were investigated.","PeriodicalId":218810,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nuclear Desalination","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128898381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-19DOI: 10.1504/IJND.2011.040125
A. Karameldin, N. M. A. El-Monem, L. Shouman, D. A. Fadel
The present work is the second part of the authors’ innovative method for radioactive wastewater-stream management, by volume reduction, by a mutual heating and humidification of a compressed dry air introduced through the wastewater. In this part, to determine the optimal operating conditions, a theoretical model describing volume reduction of the radioactive wastewater stream is achieved. A set of first-order simultaneous differential equations describing the bubble humidity, temperature, liquid temperature, and mass diffusion to the bubbles variations, are obtained through the mass and energy conservations. A set of coupled first-order differential equations are used to solve for the humidity ratio, water diffused to the air stream, water temperature and humid air stream temperature distributions through the bubbling column. These coupled differential equations are simultaneously solved numerically by a developed computer program using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. Therefore, the behaviour of the air bubble state variables with column height can be predicted and optimised. Moreover, the design curves of the volumetric reduction of the wastewater streams are obtained and assessed at the different operating conditions. An experimental set-up was constructed to verify the suggested model. Comprehensive comparison between suggested model results, recent experimental measurements and the results of previous works was carried out and assessed. A good agreement between experimental and theoretical model is obtained. A semi-empirical correlation is obtained together with design curve of bubbling column.
{"title":"Innovation in radioactive wastewater-stream management. Part II: theoretical model and experimental verification","authors":"A. Karameldin, N. M. A. El-Monem, L. Shouman, D. A. Fadel","doi":"10.1504/IJND.2011.040125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJND.2011.040125","url":null,"abstract":"The present work is the second part of the authors’ innovative method for radioactive wastewater-stream management, by volume reduction, by a mutual heating and humidification of a compressed dry air introduced through the wastewater. In this part, to determine the optimal operating conditions, a theoretical model describing volume reduction of the radioactive wastewater stream is achieved. A set of first-order simultaneous differential equations describing the bubble humidity, temperature, liquid temperature, and mass diffusion to the bubbles variations, are obtained through the mass and energy conservations. A set of coupled first-order differential equations are used to solve for the humidity ratio, water diffused to the air stream, water temperature and humid air stream temperature distributions through the bubbling column. These coupled differential equations are simultaneously solved numerically by a developed computer program using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. Therefore, the behaviour of the air bubble state variables with column height can be predicted and optimised. Moreover, the design curves of the volumetric reduction of the wastewater streams are obtained and assessed at the different operating conditions. An experimental set-up was constructed to verify the suggested model. Comprehensive comparison between suggested model results, recent experimental measurements and the results of previous works was carried out and assessed. A good agreement between experimental and theoretical model is obtained. A semi-empirical correlation is obtained together with design curve of bubbling column.","PeriodicalId":218810,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nuclear Desalination","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129391346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-19DOI: 10.1504/IJND.2011.040128
M. Rognoni, M. Ramaswamy, J. Paden
The selection of the appropriate desalination technology between evaporation and reverse osmosis is grounded on several factors, including investment cost, maintenance cost, degree of availability, heaviness of the duty, and the required purity of the desalinated water. The main factor is often the running cost of the plant, and specifically the cost of the consumed energy. This paper intends to demonstrate that the real value of the steam bleed is a function of several factors, mainly of the cost of fuel and of its importance in the total cost of the energy. The lower the cost of fuel, the less is the value of the steam bleed up to the extent that the cost of the energy consumption can be lower for evaporation than for reverse osmosis.
{"title":"Energy cost for desalination evaporation versus reverse osmosis","authors":"M. Rognoni, M. Ramaswamy, J. Paden","doi":"10.1504/IJND.2011.040128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJND.2011.040128","url":null,"abstract":"The selection of the appropriate desalination technology between evaporation and reverse osmosis is grounded on several factors, including investment cost, maintenance cost, degree of availability, heaviness of the duty, and the required purity of the desalinated water. The main factor is often the running cost of the plant, and specifically the cost of the consumed energy. This paper intends to demonstrate that the real value of the steam bleed is a function of several factors, mainly of the cost of fuel and of its importance in the total cost of the energy. The lower the cost of fuel, the less is the value of the steam bleed up to the extent that the cost of the energy consumption can be lower for evaporation than for reverse osmosis.","PeriodicalId":218810,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nuclear Desalination","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127511834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-19DOI: 10.1504/IJND.2011.040129
T. K. Dey, R. C. Bindal, S. Prabhakar, P. K. Tewari
Thin film composite type positively charged nanofiltration membrane developed by in situ polymerisation of functionalised polyethyleneimine and acid chloride has been used in various aqueous stream separations. The membrane contained fixed quaternary ammonium moieties which contributed to its positive charge. The membrane was tested for its performance in single solute feed systems containing salts of various combinations of univalent and bivalent ions (NaCl, Na 2 SO 4 , CaCl 2 and MgSO 4 ) in test cells as well as spiral module where it gave differential separation profile for these solutes with high rejection for CaCl 2 and low rejection for Na 2 SO 4 . The 2512 spiral module of the membrane was further used for separation of a simulated effluent solution containing uranyl nitrate, which is a common effluent generated in the nuclear industry. The membrane gave a high separation for uranyl nitrate and low separation for ammonium nitrate indicating that both the solutes can be fractionated by the membrane...
{"title":"Thin film composite type positively charged nanofiltration membrane for separation of aqueous streams and nuclear effluents","authors":"T. K. Dey, R. C. Bindal, S. Prabhakar, P. K. Tewari","doi":"10.1504/IJND.2011.040129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJND.2011.040129","url":null,"abstract":"Thin film composite type positively charged nanofiltration membrane developed by in situ polymerisation of functionalised polyethyleneimine and acid chloride has been used in various aqueous stream separations. The membrane contained fixed quaternary ammonium moieties which contributed to its positive charge. The membrane was tested for its performance in single solute feed systems containing salts of various combinations of univalent and bivalent ions (NaCl, Na 2 SO 4 , CaCl 2 and MgSO 4 ) in test cells as well as spiral module where it gave differential separation profile for these solutes with high rejection for CaCl 2 and low rejection for Na 2 SO 4 . The 2512 spiral module of the membrane was further used for separation of a simulated effluent solution containing uranyl nitrate, which is a common effluent generated in the nuclear industry. The membrane gave a high separation for uranyl nitrate and low separation for ammonium nitrate indicating that both the solutes can be fractionated by the membrane...","PeriodicalId":218810,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nuclear Desalination","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133175639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-19DOI: 10.1504/IJND.2011.040126
S. Biswas, Sangita Pal, S. Roy, P. K. Tewari
Supported Liquid Membrane (SLM) is an emerging trace metal pre-concentration technique. It has the ability to decontaminate radionuclides even from lean secondary effluent. SLM can be considered as a part of process intensification, which implies a closed loop operation. It has reduced space requirement as well as minimised secondary effluent generation and the number of unit steps. Proper selection of molecular design criteria helps in deciding performances such as selectivity, compatibility, permeability, etc., that is attributed to both feed and desired strippant characteristics, and great effort has been applied for nuclear plant waste treatment generated in the uranium metal plant of Trombay, India. This paper articulates basic views of SLM, selection of carrier by experimental verification with respect to both feed and strippant for further processing, and structural aspects with evidences (from FT-IR studies).
{"title":"Selection and design criteria of supported liquid membrane for the treatment of rad-waste","authors":"S. Biswas, Sangita Pal, S. Roy, P. K. Tewari","doi":"10.1504/IJND.2011.040126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJND.2011.040126","url":null,"abstract":"Supported Liquid Membrane (SLM) is an emerging trace metal pre-concentration technique. It has the ability to decontaminate radionuclides even from lean secondary effluent. SLM can be considered as a part of process intensification, which implies a closed loop operation. It has reduced space requirement as well as minimised secondary effluent generation and the number of unit steps. Proper selection of molecular design criteria helps in deciding performances such as selectivity, compatibility, permeability, etc., that is attributed to both feed and desired strippant characteristics, and great effort has been applied for nuclear plant waste treatment generated in the uranium metal plant of Trombay, India. This paper articulates basic views of SLM, selection of carrier by experimental verification with respect to both feed and strippant for further processing, and structural aspects with evidences (from FT-IR studies).","PeriodicalId":218810,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nuclear Desalination","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130067957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-09-13DOI: 10.1504/IJND.2010.035173
P. Ray, Puyam S. Singh, K. Parashuram, S. Maurya, J. Trivedi, C. V. Devmurari, N. N. Rao, S. Waghmare, A. Reddy
Polysulphone hollow fibres were spun according to phase inversion process under different conditions by extrusion of dimethylformamide solution of the polymer through double orifice spinneret using water or water-DMF mixture as gelation medium. The membrane surface was modified by in situ interfacial polymerisation of m-phenylenediamine with trimesoyl chloride. The nominal molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) values of the virgin fibres were 44,000?94,000 g/mol, which were decreased to 10,000?14,000 g/mol upon surface modification. The contact angle of the virgin fibres was about 87° and was decreased to about 65° by surface modification. HF modules exhibited pure water fluxes of 40?70 litre/m²h at 25 psi, and 4?5 log reduction for microorganisms like cocci, E. coli and bacillus when tested with water containing 1010 cfu/ml of bacteria. Fibres were tested for the treatment of municipal sewage water for a period of 20 days and constant rejection-flux profile was observed throughout the period.
{"title":"Preparation and surface modification of hollow fibre membranes for drinking water disinfection and water reclamation","authors":"P. Ray, Puyam S. Singh, K. Parashuram, S. Maurya, J. Trivedi, C. V. Devmurari, N. N. Rao, S. Waghmare, A. Reddy","doi":"10.1504/IJND.2010.035173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJND.2010.035173","url":null,"abstract":"Polysulphone hollow fibres were spun according to phase inversion process under different conditions by extrusion of dimethylformamide solution of the polymer through double orifice spinneret using water or water-DMF mixture as gelation medium. The membrane surface was modified by in situ interfacial polymerisation of m-phenylenediamine with trimesoyl chloride. The nominal molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) values of the virgin fibres were 44,000?94,000 g/mol, which were decreased to 10,000?14,000 g/mol upon surface modification. The contact angle of the virgin fibres was about 87° and was decreased to about 65° by surface modification. HF modules exhibited pure water fluxes of 40?70 litre/m²h at 25 psi, and 4?5 log reduction for microorganisms like cocci, E. coli and bacillus when tested with water containing 1010 cfu/ml of bacteria. Fibres were tested for the treatment of municipal sewage water for a period of 20 days and constant rejection-flux profile was observed throughout the period.","PeriodicalId":218810,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nuclear Desalination","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124680564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rakesh Ranjan, Surinder Kumar, D. Mathur, N. Ramesh, R. Sharma
CIRUS is a 40 MWth, light water cooled research reactor located at Trombay, Mumbai. The reactor was shut down in 1997 for refurbishment and restarted in 2003. At Bhabha Atomic Research Centre R&D activities on desalination have led to development of desalination technologies based on Multistage Flash (MSF) evaporation, Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Low Temperature Evaporation (LTE). Based on LTE, a 30 cubic metre per day pilot plant was designed and integrated to CIRUS during refurbishing outage as part of demonstration of utilisation of waste heat of nuclear reactors for seawater desalination. The work involved design, installation and commissioning of set-up to transfer heat from primary coolant of CIRUS to desalination unit through an intermediate Demineralised (DM) water circuit. The unit has been operated at its rated capacity and product water has been used to augment the demineralised water inventory of the primary coolant system. This paper highlights the experience gained during installation, commissioning and operation of the desalination unit.
{"title":"Operating Experience of Desalination Unit Coupled to Primary Coolant System of Cirus","authors":"Rakesh Ranjan, Surinder Kumar, D. Mathur, N. Ramesh, R. Sharma","doi":"10.5772/21313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/21313","url":null,"abstract":"CIRUS is a 40 MWth, light water cooled research reactor located at Trombay, Mumbai. The reactor was shut down in 1997 for refurbishment and restarted in 2003. At Bhabha Atomic Research Centre R&D activities on desalination have led to development of desalination technologies based on Multistage Flash (MSF) evaporation, Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Low Temperature Evaporation (LTE). Based on LTE, a 30 cubic metre per day pilot plant was designed and integrated to CIRUS during refurbishing outage as part of demonstration of utilisation of waste heat of nuclear reactors for seawater desalination. The work involved design, installation and commissioning of set-up to transfer heat from primary coolant of CIRUS to desalination unit through an intermediate Demineralised (DM) water circuit. The unit has been operated at its rated capacity and product water has been used to augment the demineralised water inventory of the primary coolant system. This paper highlights the experience gained during installation, commissioning and operation of the desalination unit.","PeriodicalId":218810,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nuclear Desalination","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126393904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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