Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p683-691
Abderezak Merah, S. Makhlouf, O. Guezoul
In ordre to promote aquaculture in the south of the country, and specifically, to reduce the cost of feeding farmed fish, this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of fishmeal with a mixture of duckweed meal (DWM) and mealworm larvae (WLM) on growth performance, feed utilization and carcass composition of Nile tilapia. Eight-week feeding experiment was conducted on fry of O. niloticus (average initial weight: 0.87 ± 0.23 g). Four isoproteic diets (38.52 ± 0.11% crude protein) comprising control diet D0 and three test diets (D1 to D3) were formulated and tested in triplicates. To satisfy EAA requirements in test diets, the ratios 1: 5; 2: 4 ; 4: 2 between DWM and WLM were used respectively in partial replacement for fishmeal. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in survival, growth and feed utilization. On the other hand, the compositions of the carcasses showed strong significant differences (P < 0.05) except ash contents. The carcass lipid increased proportionally with the inclusion of WLM, but the reverse was true for the moisture content. However, the high contents of retained proteins were obtained in the ratios 0 : 0 and 4 : 2 between D0 and D3. It is concluded that fishmeal could be replaced by a meal mixture of DWM and WLM up to the proportion (4 : 2, respectively) in the feed of O. niloticus without adverse effects on growth and nutrient utilization and most importantly, reduce the cost of production up to 29.8% which would have a positive impact on post-feeding and therefore the financial management of an aquaculture farm.
{"title":"The positive impact of partial substitution of fish meal by a meal mixture of duckweed and mealworm larvae on the diets of Nile tilapia fry (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758)","authors":"Abderezak Merah, S. Makhlouf, O. Guezoul","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p683-691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p683-691","url":null,"abstract":"In ordre to promote aquaculture in the south of the country, and specifically, to reduce the cost of feeding farmed fish, this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of fishmeal with a mixture of duckweed meal (DWM) and mealworm larvae (WLM) on growth performance, feed utilization and carcass composition of Nile tilapia. Eight-week feeding experiment was conducted on fry of O. niloticus (average initial weight: 0.87 ± 0.23 g). Four isoproteic diets (38.52 ± 0.11% crude protein) comprising control diet D0 and three test diets (D1 to D3) were formulated and tested in triplicates. To satisfy EAA requirements in test diets, the ratios 1: 5; 2: 4 ; 4: 2 between DWM and WLM were used respectively in partial replacement for fishmeal. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in survival, growth and feed utilization. On the other hand, the compositions of the carcasses showed strong significant differences (P < 0.05) except ash contents. The carcass lipid increased proportionally with the inclusion of WLM, but the reverse was true for the moisture content. However, the high contents of retained proteins were obtained in the ratios 0 : 0 and 4 : 2 between D0 and D3. It is concluded that fishmeal could be replaced by a meal mixture of DWM and WLM up to the proportion (4 : 2, respectively) in the feed of O. niloticus without adverse effects on growth and nutrient utilization and most importantly, reduce the cost of production up to 29.8% which would have a positive impact on post-feeding and therefore the financial management of an aquaculture farm.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77517037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p645-650
O. Ibiam, Ndubuisi Paul Ukwa, Samuel Obinna Akpa, Obinna Aru Oje, Smart Chima Nwosu, Josaiah Nwadibia Aja, Lovina Iyandu Udoh, Jude Sunday Ali
Green and Black tea are consumed by different shades of people in Nigeria to strengthen their immunity. This work was aimed at the analysis of the proximate and mineral compositions of Green and Black tea to determine the one that offers more nutrient values. Samples of the brands were collected from grocery shops. Analysis of the proximate composition of the tea samples was done following the standard procedures of Association of Official Analytical Chemists, while the mineral composition was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer . All the chemicals used in this work were of analytical grades. Screening for proximate and mineral composition of the processed tea samples indicated the presence of the following minerals in mg/g -Manganese, Copper, Zinc, Iron, Sodium, Magnesium. Calcium and Lead were not detected in the two tea samples, while Zinc was not in Black tea, and Potassium in Green tea. Iron, Zinc, Sodium and Manganese had the highest value in Green tea than in Black, whereas Potasium and Cupper had the highest value in Black tea than in Green tea. For the proximate in % -Moisture , Ash, Protein, Crude Fats, Fiber, Carbohydrate were present. Moisture, Fibre, Ash and Fats and oil had the highest value in Green tea than in Black tea, whereas Protein and Carbohydrate had the highest values in Black tea than in Green tea. The results, generally, offer greater opportunity for consumers to choose which tea type could be more beneficial for improving immunity.
{"title":"Comparative Studies on the Proximate and Mineral Composition Of Green tea and Black tea from Nigeria","authors":"O. Ibiam, Ndubuisi Paul Ukwa, Samuel Obinna Akpa, Obinna Aru Oje, Smart Chima Nwosu, Josaiah Nwadibia Aja, Lovina Iyandu Udoh, Jude Sunday Ali","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p645-650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p645-650","url":null,"abstract":"Green and Black tea are consumed by different shades of people in Nigeria to strengthen their immunity. This work was aimed at the analysis of the proximate and mineral compositions of Green and Black tea to determine the one that offers more nutrient values. Samples of the brands were collected from grocery shops. Analysis of the proximate composition of the tea samples was done following the standard procedures of Association of Official Analytical Chemists, while the mineral composition was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer . All the chemicals used in this work were of analytical grades. Screening for proximate and mineral composition of the processed tea samples indicated the presence of the following minerals in mg/g -Manganese, Copper, Zinc, Iron, Sodium, Magnesium. Calcium and Lead were not detected in the two tea samples, while Zinc was not in Black tea, and Potassium in Green tea. Iron, Zinc, Sodium and Manganese had the highest value in Green tea than in Black, whereas Potasium and Cupper had the highest value in Black tea than in Green tea. For the proximate in % -Moisture , Ash, Protein, Crude Fats, Fiber, Carbohydrate were present. Moisture, Fibre, Ash and Fats and oil had the highest value in Green tea than in Black tea, whereas Protein and Carbohydrate had the highest values in Black tea than in Green tea. The results, generally, offer greater opportunity for consumers to choose which tea type could be more beneficial for improving immunity.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"258 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79983078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p576-584
S. Halmi, Madi Aicha, Cherfia Radia, Zeghad Nadia, Beroual Katiba
Our work is based on the phytochemical study, the antioxidant and the analgesic activities of a hydroalcoholic extract of Eruca vesicaria aerial part very used in traditional medicine. The phytochemical screening highlighted the presence of tannins, flavonoids, sterols, flavonoid glucosides, saponins, phenols and alkaloids. The determination of total phenols of hydromethanolic extract by the Folin-ciocalteu method revealed a content equal to 4.63 ± 0.017 mg GAE / g extract. The amount of flavonoids by AlCl3 method achieved a content equal to 2.14 ± 0.025 mg QE/ g extract. The antiradical activities were evaluated by two chemical tests ; DPPH and FRAP. The obtained results showed a high reducing activity. Besides, the acute toxicity and the analgesic activity of the plant extract was evaluated on rats, using a pain model induced by chemical stimuli, hot plate and tail immersion methods. The extract was used at various doses 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg, whereas acetylsalicylic acid was used as the standard drug (200 mg/kg). In the acetic acid-induced model, the plant extracts and the standard drug significantly (p<0.05) reduced the abdominal writhing in rats compared to the control group by increasing the percentage of writhing inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. In the hot plate and the tail immersion models, the plant extracts and the standard drug acetylsalicylic acid demonstrated a good analgesic activity and significantly (p<0.05) increasing the pain reaction time. These results indicate that the E. vesicaria plant has a significant analgesic potential that can act through peripheral and central mechanisms.
{"title":"Phytochemical characterization, Antioxidant and Analgesic potentials of Aerial Parts of Eruca vesicaria","authors":"S. Halmi, Madi Aicha, Cherfia Radia, Zeghad Nadia, Beroual Katiba","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p576-584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p576-584","url":null,"abstract":"Our work is based on the phytochemical study, the antioxidant and the analgesic activities of a hydroalcoholic extract of Eruca vesicaria aerial part very used in traditional medicine. The phytochemical screening highlighted the presence of tannins, flavonoids, sterols, flavonoid glucosides, saponins, phenols and alkaloids. The determination of total phenols of hydromethanolic extract by the Folin-ciocalteu method revealed a content equal to 4.63 ± 0.017 mg GAE / g extract. The amount of flavonoids by AlCl3 method achieved a content equal to 2.14 ± 0.025 mg QE/ g extract. The antiradical activities were evaluated by two chemical tests ; DPPH and FRAP. The obtained results showed a high reducing activity. Besides, the acute toxicity and the analgesic activity of the plant extract was evaluated on rats, using a pain model induced by chemical stimuli, hot plate and tail immersion methods. The extract was used at various doses 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg, whereas acetylsalicylic acid was used as the standard drug (200 mg/kg). In the acetic acid-induced model, the plant extracts and the standard drug significantly (p<0.05) reduced the abdominal writhing in rats compared to the control group by increasing the percentage of writhing inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. In the hot plate and the tail immersion models, the plant extracts and the standard drug acetylsalicylic acid demonstrated a good analgesic activity and significantly (p<0.05) increasing the pain reaction time. These results indicate that the E. vesicaria plant has a significant analgesic potential that can act through peripheral and central mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88204157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p677-682
Priyanka Banerjee, Jayita Roy, S. Datta
Paramphistomosis is a neglected parasitic disease of livestock caused by the Paramphistomum sp. The prevalence of the trematode is worldwide most abundantly in livestock farming regions such as Australia, Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe, and Russia. The infection causes a huge loss in productivity in the livestock industry. There is no proper treatment for this disease. Herbal medicines are age-old practices in different ethnic groups in treating helminth infections with less or no side effects. As a treatment regimen for paramphistomosis adult Paramphistomum collected from the local slaughter house were exposed to different concentrations of crude ethanolic leaf extracts of Adhatoda vasica and Ricinus communis. The efficacy of plants was assessed on the basis of the motility of the flukes. The plant extracts show a reduction in parasite viability in a dose-dependent manner. The parasite released numerous eggs may be for reducing the cost of living in terms of oxygen demand and nutrient availability as much as possible. The paralyzing and killing effect of leaf extract of R.communis was higher than the A.vasica leaf extract though both plant extracts possess anthelmintic effects. Therefore these plants show potential for treating helminth infection and can be used as a herbal medicine in combating paramphistomosis.
{"title":"A study on two ethnomedicinal plants and their therapeutic usage for the control of paramphistomosis in vitro","authors":"Priyanka Banerjee, Jayita Roy, S. Datta","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p677-682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p677-682","url":null,"abstract":"Paramphistomosis is a neglected parasitic disease of livestock caused by the Paramphistomum sp. The prevalence of the trematode is worldwide most abundantly in livestock farming regions such as Australia, Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe, and Russia. The infection causes a huge loss in productivity in the livestock industry. There is no proper treatment for this disease. Herbal medicines are age-old practices in different ethnic groups in treating helminth infections with less or no side effects. As a treatment regimen for paramphistomosis adult Paramphistomum collected from the local slaughter house were exposed to different concentrations of crude ethanolic leaf extracts of Adhatoda vasica and Ricinus communis. The efficacy of plants was assessed on the basis of the motility of the flukes. The plant extracts show a reduction in parasite viability in a dose-dependent manner. The parasite released numerous eggs may be for reducing the cost of living in terms of oxygen demand and nutrient availability as much as possible. The paralyzing and killing effect of leaf extract of R.communis was higher than the A.vasica leaf extract though both plant extracts possess anthelmintic effects. Therefore these plants show potential for treating helminth infection and can be used as a herbal medicine in combating paramphistomosis.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86693987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p599-608
Sonia Sekkour, Nadjia Benhamed, Abdelkader Bekki
Sand quarries constituting very specific environments where native plants and surface soil are destroyed. The resulting substrates are practically sterile from an organic and biological point of view due to the absence of humus, microfauna and flora. planting legumes like Acacia saligna inoculated with his microbial partner rhizobia is strategic key to enhance the substrate fertility and lead to an ecological restoration of sandpits. Here we have selected the most efficient couple A. saligna-rhizobia with the goal to rehabilitate Sidi Lakhdar sandpit in the end of exploitation and to follow the filed persistence of introduced rhizobia into A. saligna nodules. The in vitro efficiency test permitted the selection of three inocula which performed differently once transferred onto natural soil and in the field. The ASB13 (Ensifer sp.) were found to be better inoculum for sandpit rehabilitation and A. saligna-rhizobia couple introduction for above and underground degraded sites. The introduced rhizobia didn’t persist in nodules of A. saligna in different treated blocks which were revealed by the PCR-RFLP profiles after the digestion by restriction enzyme HaeIII. These results support the literature data on failure/success of inoculants pertain to the persistence of rhizobia (inoculants) in soil, inoculant success is affected not only by environmental conditions such as temperature, pH, salinity but also by competitivity of indigenous rhizobia. We conclude that the rhizobia-based inocula selection for field application necessitates testing selected strains under the environmental conditions prevailing in the site intended to be rehabilitated.
{"title":"The field inoculation of Acacia saligna with efficient rhizobia strains for sand quarry restoration in Algeria","authors":"Sonia Sekkour, Nadjia Benhamed, Abdelkader Bekki","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p599-608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p599-608","url":null,"abstract":"Sand quarries constituting very specific environments where native plants and surface soil are destroyed. The resulting substrates are practically sterile from an organic and biological point of view due to the absence of humus, microfauna and flora. planting legumes like Acacia saligna inoculated with his microbial partner rhizobia is strategic key to enhance the substrate fertility and lead to an ecological restoration of sandpits. Here we have selected the most efficient couple A. saligna-rhizobia with the goal to rehabilitate Sidi Lakhdar sandpit in the end of exploitation and to follow the filed persistence of introduced rhizobia into A. saligna nodules. The in vitro efficiency test permitted the selection of three inocula which performed differently once transferred onto natural soil and in the field. The ASB13 (Ensifer sp.) were found to be better inoculum for sandpit rehabilitation and A. saligna-rhizobia couple introduction for above and underground degraded sites. The introduced rhizobia didn’t persist in nodules of A. saligna in different treated blocks which were revealed by the PCR-RFLP profiles after the digestion by restriction enzyme HaeIII. These results support the literature data on failure/success of inoculants pertain to the persistence of rhizobia (inoculants) in soil, inoculant success is affected not only by environmental conditions such as temperature, pH, salinity but also by competitivity of indigenous rhizobia. We conclude that the rhizobia-based inocula selection for field application necessitates testing selected strains under the environmental conditions prevailing in the site intended to be rehabilitated.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82577754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p651-660
Z. Fortas, S. Dib-Bellahouel, Chahrazed Aibeche
The study focuses on a species of desert truffle Terfezia boudieri Chatin, an edible hypogeous mushroom with food value and economic and ecological interest in Algeria. This fungal species commonly growing in arid and semi-arid regions of Algeria in association with Helianthemum spp. was collected for the first time in a rare natural habitat located on the coastal dunes of northwestern Algeria. Surveys carried out in the Dunes forest of Stidia made it possible to determine the pedoclimatic parameters and to identify the natural host plant essential for the development of T. boudieri ascomata and the accompanying plant species. The results revealed that this species of desert truffle grows in a semi-arid bioclimate with maritime influences, on sandy-loamy, alkaline and non-saline soil. The natural production of ascomata is irregular from year to year ; it is closely linked to a well-distributed rainfall from October to April with a maximum in December and an adequate temperature during the fungal growth season. Floristic surveys reveal the presence of a variable phytodiversity represented by 15 families including that of H. ledifolium (Cistaceae) ; the only natural host plant forming typical endomycorrhizae with T. boudieri. However, although T. boudieri is still harvested from the Dunes forest of Stidia, the protection and conservation of this forest remains a priority today due to the degradation not only of the rare natural habitat of T. boudieri and of its host plant but above all of the floristic procession often vulnerable to ecological hazards and anthropogenic constraints.
{"title":"Characterization of a rare habitat of Terfezia boudieri Chatin in the coastal dunes of northwestern Algeria","authors":"Z. Fortas, S. Dib-Bellahouel, Chahrazed Aibeche","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p651-660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p651-660","url":null,"abstract":"The study focuses on a species of desert truffle Terfezia boudieri Chatin, an edible hypogeous mushroom with food value and economic and ecological interest in Algeria. This fungal species commonly growing in arid and semi-arid regions of Algeria in association with Helianthemum spp. was collected for the first time in a rare natural habitat located on the coastal dunes of northwestern Algeria. Surveys carried out in the Dunes forest of Stidia made it possible to determine the pedoclimatic parameters and to identify the natural host plant essential for the development of T. boudieri ascomata and the accompanying plant species. The results revealed that this species of desert truffle grows in a semi-arid bioclimate with maritime influences, on sandy-loamy, alkaline and non-saline soil. The natural production of ascomata is irregular from year to year ; it is closely linked to a well-distributed rainfall from October to April with a maximum in December and an adequate temperature during the fungal growth season. Floristic surveys reveal the presence of a variable phytodiversity represented by 15 families including that of H. ledifolium (Cistaceae) ; the only natural host plant forming typical endomycorrhizae with T. boudieri. However, although T. boudieri is still harvested from the Dunes forest of Stidia, the protection and conservation of this forest remains a priority today due to the degradation not only of the rare natural habitat of T. boudieri and of its host plant but above all of the floristic procession often vulnerable to ecological hazards and anthropogenic constraints.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91031348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p692-701
B. Boumaaza, M’hamed Benada, Ibrahim E. Benzohra, Sofiane Boudalia, Abdelhamid Gacemi, Omar Khaladi, Hakima Belaidi, Mohamed Benkhelifa
The present research was taken out to assess the physiological, biochemical, and photosynthetic responses of the chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) to the combination of clay-bentonite and saline water in greenhouse conditions, at four concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 100 and 200 mM). A substantial decrease in all the studied parameters (germination rate, root and stem length, fresh weight or dry weight, relative water content and chlorophyll content) was observed when salinity was increased. However, the application of various NaCl concentrations improved the total soluble protein and soluble sugar content in plants cultivated in the substrate without bentonite. The imposition of 50 mM NaCl with bentonite increased total soluble protein content. In contrast, the 100 and 200 mM treatment led to decreased total soluble protein content. The use of the bentonite did not produce any changes into depreciating of the effect of NaCl stress. On the other hand, salinity-bentonite exacerbated a reduction in physiological and biochemical processes of chickpea. Indeed, the K+/Na+ ratio decreased in all organs of plants with increasing NaCl doses. This ratio is slightly in favor of K+ only in substrate without bentonite. Our findings indicated that salinity-bentonite exacerbated a reduction in physiological and biochemical processes.
{"title":"Effect of salinity-NaCl and clay-bentonite on some growth parameters of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under greenhouse conditions","authors":"B. Boumaaza, M’hamed Benada, Ibrahim E. Benzohra, Sofiane Boudalia, Abdelhamid Gacemi, Omar Khaladi, Hakima Belaidi, Mohamed Benkhelifa","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p692-701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p692-701","url":null,"abstract":"The present research was taken out to assess the physiological, biochemical, and photosynthetic responses of the chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) to the combination of clay-bentonite and saline water in greenhouse conditions, at four concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 100 and 200 mM). A substantial decrease in all the studied parameters (germination rate, root and stem length, fresh weight or dry weight, relative water content and chlorophyll content) was observed when salinity was increased. However, the application of various NaCl concentrations improved the total soluble protein and soluble sugar content in plants cultivated in the substrate without bentonite. The imposition of 50 mM NaCl with bentonite increased total soluble protein content. In contrast, the 100 and 200 mM treatment led to decreased total soluble protein content. The use of the bentonite did not produce any changes into depreciating of the effect of NaCl stress. On the other hand, salinity-bentonite exacerbated a reduction in physiological and biochemical processes of chickpea. Indeed, the K+/Na+ ratio decreased in all organs of plants with increasing NaCl doses. This ratio is slightly in favor of K+ only in substrate without bentonite. Our findings indicated that salinity-bentonite exacerbated a reduction in physiological and biochemical processes.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83103460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p515-521
Sana Ghorri, Ouided Benslama, O. Benserradj, Ilhem Mihoubi
Proteolytic enzymes represent one of the largest groups of industrial enzymes. Fungal proteases have been used for the large-scale production of industrial enzymes. The optimization of enzyme production is a very important objective, where the aim is to further improve the production process. Therefore, the application of an experimental statistical method is essential. In this study, the production of the enzyme protease was carried out by fermentation of a mold (Aspergillus niger) using two media, one based on wheat bran and the other based on peas chick. The optimization of the synthesis of the enzyme was carried out using a statistical method of experimental planning based on the Plackett and Burman matrices. The variables used are the 3 production factors temperature, pH, and substrate concentration. The results were modeled according to multiple linear regression. The results obtained revealed that the strain A.niger gave an excellent activity reaching 740 IU for the wheat bran medium and 194.54 IU for the chickpea medium. The study of pH optima and incubation temperature has shown that the protease produced by A. niger has an optimum pH equal to 6 and an optimum temperature of 40°C for wheat bran medium and has an optimum pH equal to 5 and an optimum temperature of 30°C for chickpeas. The results obtained from the experimental designs of Plackett and Burman proved to be ideal for the selection of factors influencing protease production.
{"title":"Application of Plackett-Burman design for the optimization of protease production by Aspergillus niger","authors":"Sana Ghorri, Ouided Benslama, O. Benserradj, Ilhem Mihoubi","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p515-521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p515-521","url":null,"abstract":"Proteolytic enzymes represent one of the largest groups of industrial enzymes. Fungal proteases have been used for the large-scale production of industrial enzymes. The optimization of enzyme production is a very important objective, where the aim is to further improve the production process. Therefore, the application of an experimental statistical method is essential. In this study, the production of the enzyme protease was carried out by fermentation of a mold (Aspergillus niger) using two media, one based on wheat bran and the other based on peas chick. The optimization of the synthesis of the enzyme was carried out using a statistical method of experimental planning based on the Plackett and Burman matrices. The variables used are the 3 production factors temperature, pH, and substrate concentration. The results were modeled according to multiple linear regression. The results obtained revealed that the strain A.niger gave an excellent activity reaching 740 IU for the wheat bran medium and 194.54 IU for the chickpea medium. The study of pH optima and incubation temperature has shown that the protease produced by A. niger has an optimum pH equal to 6 and an optimum temperature of 40°C for wheat bran medium and has an optimum pH equal to 5 and an optimum temperature of 30°C for chickpeas. The results obtained from the experimental designs of Plackett and Burman proved to be ideal for the selection of factors influencing protease production.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82274434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p468-475
Ankita Singh, Seema Jain
Aquaculture has been fastest growing industry for several decades that include fish and shellfish production. Culture of fishes in narrow space or uncontrolled production becomes the reason of various infectious diseases in fishes. So, prevention from diseases and increasing immunity is important for healthy production. There are many ways in which immunity may be enhanced like use of antibiotics and vaccines in fishes. The use of antibiotics is not very successful and vaccination is an expensive method, so there is need of eco-friendly and less expensive method. Immunostimulants are chemical compounds that activate the innate or non-specific immune system of fishes by activating the cells of immune system. Several vitamins like vitamin E (Alpha-Tocopherol) and vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) act as an immunostimulant. Vitamin E is a fat soluble compound that enhances the growth, reproduction and survival by increasing the non-specific immunity. It also acts as an antioxidant by controlling the production of free-radicals. Vitamin C is also essential for fish growth, health and survival. It enhances the phagocytosis, serum haemolytic activity, complement activity and proliferation of immune cells. In past few years, stabled beneficial effects of immunostimulants in fishes promoted their application for disease management in aquaculture practice. As we have taken up similar study on the effects of vitamins as natural immunostimulants on Asian, catfish Clarias batrachus, so, this review is an attempt to throw light on the role of Vitamin C and Vitamin E as an immunostimulants in fish culture.
{"title":"Immunomodulatory Effect of Vitamin C and E on Non-Specific Immune Parameters in fishes: A Review","authors":"Ankita Singh, Seema Jain","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p468-475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p468-475","url":null,"abstract":"Aquaculture has been fastest growing industry for several decades that include fish and shellfish production. Culture of fishes in narrow space or uncontrolled production becomes the reason of various infectious diseases in fishes. So, prevention from diseases and increasing immunity is important for healthy production. There are many ways in which immunity may be enhanced like use of antibiotics and vaccines in fishes. The use of antibiotics is not very successful and vaccination is an expensive method, so there is need of eco-friendly and less expensive method. Immunostimulants are chemical compounds that activate the innate or non-specific immune system of fishes by activating the cells of immune system. Several vitamins like vitamin E (Alpha-Tocopherol) and vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) act as an immunostimulant. Vitamin E is a fat soluble compound that enhances the growth, reproduction and survival by increasing the non-specific immunity. It also acts as an antioxidant by controlling the production of free-radicals. Vitamin C is also essential for fish growth, health and survival. It enhances the phagocytosis, serum haemolytic activity, complement activity and proliferation of immune cells. In past few years, stabled beneficial effects of immunostimulants in fishes promoted their application for disease management in aquaculture practice. As we have taken up similar study on the effects of vitamins as natural immunostimulants on Asian, catfish Clarias batrachus, so, this review is an attempt to throw light on the role of Vitamin C and Vitamin E as an immunostimulants in fish culture.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79134582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p445-455
Lilia Douaouya, Bouhalit Samira, Derouiche Faouzia, D. Randa, Kara Ali Wahiba
In order to valorize Algerian medicinal plants, this work aims to characterize quantitatively and qualitatively Artemisia campestris L. fractions, a medicinal plant from the Aures-Algeria area, and investigate its biological activities in vitro. During preliminary phytochemical screening, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, reducing compounds, and coumarins were discovered. Total polyphenols and flavonoids are greater in the n-butanolic fraction than in ethyl acetate and petroleum ether. The resulting antioxidant capability was assessed in vitro using three methods: DPPH free radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide trapping, and iron reduction. The n-butanolic extract suppresses DPPH oxidation with an IC50 of 2.239±0.32mg/ml, which is comparable to that of standard (1.824±0.97mg/ml). Despite the fact that similar findings were seen in the neutralization of hydrogen peroxide and the iron chelating activity, The anti-inflammatory action was proven in vitro by inhibiting protein denaturation and increasing HRBC membrane stability (Human Red Blood Cells). The n-butanolic fraction was more effective than diclofenac in preventing BSA degradation. It also inhibited membrane hemolysis in human erythrocytes by up to 83%. Activated partial thromboplastin and prothrombin times were used to analyze extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathways in A. campestris in order to determine its anticoagulant activity. The n-butanol fraction had the greatest impact on PT and aPTT lengthening, with 75.2s and 351s at 3 mg/ml concentration, respectively. The n-butanolic fraction of the A. campestris aerial part exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant activities. As a result, it may be a viable natural resource for mitigating the impact of stress, which causes inflammatory and cardiovascular disorders.
{"title":"In vitro assessment of the bioactive potential of Artemisia campestris L. fractions growing in Khenchela (Algeria)","authors":"Lilia Douaouya, Bouhalit Samira, Derouiche Faouzia, D. Randa, Kara Ali Wahiba","doi":"10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p445-455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(4).p445-455","url":null,"abstract":"In order to valorize Algerian medicinal plants, this work aims to characterize quantitatively and qualitatively Artemisia campestris L. fractions, a medicinal plant from the Aures-Algeria area, and investigate its biological activities in vitro. During preliminary phytochemical screening, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, reducing compounds, and coumarins were discovered. Total polyphenols and flavonoids are greater in the n-butanolic fraction than in ethyl acetate and petroleum ether. The resulting antioxidant capability was assessed in vitro using three methods: DPPH free radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide trapping, and iron reduction. The n-butanolic extract suppresses DPPH oxidation with an IC50 of 2.239±0.32mg/ml, which is comparable to that of standard (1.824±0.97mg/ml). Despite the fact that similar findings were seen in the neutralization of hydrogen peroxide and the iron chelating activity, The anti-inflammatory action was proven in vitro by inhibiting protein denaturation and increasing HRBC membrane stability (Human Red Blood Cells). The n-butanolic fraction was more effective than diclofenac in preventing BSA degradation. It also inhibited membrane hemolysis in human erythrocytes by up to 83%. Activated partial thromboplastin and prothrombin times were used to analyze extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathways in A. campestris in order to determine its anticoagulant activity. The n-butanol fraction had the greatest impact on PT and aPTT lengthening, with 75.2s and 351s at 3 mg/ml concentration, respectively. The n-butanolic fraction of the A. campestris aerial part exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant activities. As a result, it may be a viable natural resource for mitigating the impact of stress, which causes inflammatory and cardiovascular disorders.","PeriodicalId":21895,"journal":{"name":"South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89746166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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