Marine contamination caused by anthropogenic activities has side effects and causes severe contamination to the environment. Polychaetes are benthic organisms that live in the sediment and can be a good indicator of sediment contamination by organic compounds. In this study, bacterial strains were isolated and identified from the gut of polychaete worm Marphysa moribidii and the potential of the bacteria was evaluated to degrade hydrocarbon compounds. The isolated bacteria were primary and secondary screened on Minimal Salt Media (MSM) agar supplemented with 1% v/v of diesel oil. Diesel degradation analysis was performed by inoculating potential bacterium into MSM broth with 1% v/v diesel oil and incubated at 37 oC for 20 days. Diesel degradation percentage was analyzed using the gravimetric method, while the bacteria cell densities were measured using the standard plate count method. Then, the selected isolates were identified based on their morphological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequences. As a result, two bacteria isolates coded as Isolate 6 and Isolate 8 were able to degrade diesel oil up to 52.29% and 39.24% after 20 days of incubation. The 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that it was identified as Bacillus sp. strain UMTFA1 (RB) and Staphylococcus kloosii strain UMTFA2 (RS). Our result showed that these strains have the potential in oil-degrading processes, which will provide new insight into bioremediation process and decrease environmental pollution in soil and water contaminated with hydrocarbons.
{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria from Polychaete Marphysa moribidii","authors":"Fazilah Arifin, R. Razali, V. Sevakumaran","doi":"10.15578/squalen.567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/squalen.567","url":null,"abstract":"Marine contamination caused by anthropogenic activities has side effects and causes severe contamination to the environment. Polychaetes are benthic organisms that live in the sediment and can be a good indicator of sediment contamination by organic compounds. In this study, bacterial strains were isolated and identified from the gut of polychaete worm Marphysa moribidii and the potential of the bacteria was evaluated to degrade hydrocarbon compounds. The isolated bacteria were primary and secondary screened on Minimal Salt Media (MSM) agar supplemented with 1% v/v of diesel oil. Diesel degradation analysis was performed by inoculating potential bacterium into MSM broth with 1% v/v diesel oil and incubated at 37 oC for 20 days. Diesel degradation percentage was analyzed using the gravimetric method, while the bacteria cell densities were measured using the standard plate count method. Then, the selected isolates were identified based on their morphological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequences. As a result, two bacteria isolates coded as Isolate 6 and Isolate 8 were able to degrade diesel oil up to 52.29% and 39.24% after 20 days of incubation. The 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that it was identified as Bacillus sp. strain UMTFA1 (RB) and Staphylococcus kloosii strain UMTFA2 (RS). Our result showed that these strains have the potential in oil-degrading processes, which will provide new insight into bioremediation process and decrease environmental pollution in soil and water contaminated with hydrocarbons.","PeriodicalId":21935,"journal":{"name":"Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87649622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The green seaweed Caulerpa racemosa is a seaweed of high prospect that is being given emphasis by the Indonesian government. However, C. racemosa in Indonesia may include multiple species level-entity exhibiting morphological overlap and require molecular analysis for species identification. Molecular documentation of species richness of indigenous populations of C. racemosa is essential to underpin cultivar development and conservation of the species to avoid overharvesting. The present study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of C. racemosa and document the haplotype network of the specimens from four different locations (Bintan Island, Jepara, Takalar and Osi Island) using the chloroplast tufA gene. Twenty individuals from four areas were collected and amplified with the chloroplast-encoded gene tufA for species identification against publicly available data. The identification of C. racemosa based on the tufA gene showed that the species found in four locations were C. cylindracea (previously C. racemosa var. cylindracea), C. macra (previously C. racemosa var. macra), C. racemosa, and C. oligophylla (previously C. racemosa var. lamourouxii). This study records the existence of C. cylindracea in Takalar and Jepara, Indonesia for the first time. The most diverse C. racemosa species was in Osi Island, where the exploitation of this seaweed is very low. In contrast, the lowest number of C. racemosa varieties were found in Takalar, where exploitation is very high. There were only minor light variations of Caulerpa species in the tufA gene in four different sites with only four haplotypes found, and each haplotype corresponded to another species.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of Caulerpa racemosa (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) from Indonesia based on the Plastid tufA Gene","authors":"M. Darmawan, N. Zamani, H. Irianto, H. Madduppa","doi":"10.15578/squalen.588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/squalen.588","url":null,"abstract":"The green seaweed Caulerpa racemosa is a seaweed of high prospect that is being given emphasis by the Indonesian government. However, C. racemosa in Indonesia may include multiple species level-entity exhibiting morphological overlap and require molecular analysis for species identification. Molecular documentation of species richness of indigenous populations of C. racemosa is essential to underpin cultivar development and conservation of the species to avoid overharvesting. The present study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of C. racemosa and document the haplotype network of the specimens from four different locations (Bintan Island, Jepara, Takalar and Osi Island) using the chloroplast tufA gene. Twenty individuals from four areas were collected and amplified with the chloroplast-encoded gene tufA for species identification against publicly available data. The identification of C. racemosa based on the tufA gene showed that the species found in four locations were C. cylindracea (previously C. racemosa var. cylindracea), C. macra (previously C. racemosa var. macra), C. racemosa, and C. oligophylla (previously C. racemosa var. lamourouxii). This study records the existence of C. cylindracea in Takalar and Jepara, Indonesia for the first time. The most diverse C. racemosa species was in Osi Island, where the exploitation of this seaweed is very low. In contrast, the lowest number of C. racemosa varieties were found in Takalar, where exploitation is very high. There were only minor light variations of Caulerpa species in the tufA gene in four different sites with only four haplotypes found, and each haplotype corresponded to another species. ","PeriodicalId":21935,"journal":{"name":"Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83784513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Utomo, D. Fransiska, La Ode Sumarlin, Ihya Sulthonuddin
Eucheuma seaweed from tropical waters habitat mainly contains carrageenan, a type of hydrocolloid potential for hydrogel production. This study aims to determine the characteristics of hydrogel formulated from composite i- and k-carrageenan combined with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) which, could be used further for wound dressing application. The concentrations of composite i/k-carrageenan used were 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0% w/w, and the PVA concentration was 12.5% w/w. Composite i/k-carrageenan in a proportion of 6:4 by weight. The hydrogel was irradiated using 60Co g-rays with the irradiation dose of 25 and 2 kGy.h-1. The concentration of composite i- and k-carrageenan influenced the gel fraction, water holding capacity, tensile strength, elongation, and surface morphology of the hydrogel. The optimum formula of irradiated composite hydrogel was obtained from 3.0% w/w of composite i/k-carrageenan. The formula had a gel fraction of 61.67%, water holding capacity of 1067.12%, tensile strength of 32.37 x 10-3 MPa, and elongation of 251.67%. Interestingly, the product with the optimum formula had a porous surface morphology and transparency, which are applicable for wound dressing purposes.
{"title":"Characteristics of Irradiated Hydrogel Formulated from Composite i/k-carrageenan Combined with Polyvinyl Alcohol","authors":"B. Utomo, D. Fransiska, La Ode Sumarlin, Ihya Sulthonuddin","doi":"10.15578/squalen.439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/squalen.439","url":null,"abstract":"Eucheuma seaweed from tropical waters habitat mainly contains carrageenan, a type of hydrocolloid potential for hydrogel production. This study aims to determine the characteristics of hydrogel formulated from composite i- and k-carrageenan combined with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) which, could be used further for wound dressing application. The concentrations of composite i/k-carrageenan used were 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0% w/w, and the PVA concentration was 12.5% w/w. Composite i/k-carrageenan in a proportion of 6:4 by weight. The hydrogel was irradiated using 60Co g-rays with the irradiation dose of 25 and 2 kGy.h-1. The concentration of composite i- and k-carrageenan influenced the gel fraction, water holding capacity, tensile strength, elongation, and surface morphology of the hydrogel. The optimum formula of irradiated composite hydrogel was obtained from 3.0% w/w of composite i/k-carrageenan. The formula had a gel fraction of 61.67%, water holding capacity of 1067.12%, tensile strength of 32.37 x 10-3 MPa, and elongation of 251.67%. Interestingly, the product with the optimum formula had a porous surface morphology and transparency, which are applicable for wound dressing purposes.","PeriodicalId":21935,"journal":{"name":"Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88479526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seaweeds are marine organisms capable of producing diverse kinds of chemical compounds with promising pharmacological use. The study evaluated the proximate and elemental composition and the potential antioxidant (using CUPRAC, ABTS+, and DPPH assays) and antibacterial activities (using microtiter plate dilution assay) of Ulva prolifera O. F. Müller. The seaweed has a total phenolic content of 829 ± 2.00 mg GAE/g. Antioxidant efficiency of U. prolifera exerted high ability of reducing copper ions, potent ABTS+ and DPPH scavenging activities in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 value of 24.7 mg GAE/mL, 43.52 mg GAE/mL, and 54.1 mg GAE/mL, respectively, more effective than ascorbic acid. In vitro antibacterial activity assay showed that U. prolifera exhibited inhibitory activity against bacterial pathogens such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 125 mg/mL), S. epidermidis (MIC = 125 mg/mL), and Pseudomonas fluorescens (MIC = 500 mg/mL). This investigation is the first documented report regarding antibacterial activity of U. prolifera against P. fluorescens. In addition, results showed elemental composition to be in decreasing order of Ca K Mg Na Mn Fe Zn Cu Pb Cd Cr. Proximate composition of U. prolifera showed high carbohydrate and protein content with a percentage composition of 36.20 ± 0.27% and 23.72 ± 0.31% (dry weight), respectively. This study is the first report in the Philippines that shows the potential of U. prolifera as an excellent candidate organism as source of chemical compounds with relevant application to the pharmacological industry.
海藻是一种能够产生多种化合物的海洋生物，具有良好的药理作用。该研究评估了Ulva prolifera O. F. m ller的近似值和元素组成以及潜在的抗氧化活性(使用CUPRAC, ABTS+和DPPH测定)和抗菌活性(使用微滴板稀释法)。总酚含量为829±2.00 mg GAE/g。其对铜离子的还原能力、ABTS+的清除能力和DPPH的清除能力均呈浓度依赖性，IC50值分别为24.7 mg GAE/mL、43.52 mg GAE/mL和54.1 mg GAE/mL，均优于抗坏血酸。体外抑菌活性试验表明，该菌对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MIC = 125 mg/mL)、表皮葡萄球菌(MIC = 125 mg/mL)、荧光假单胞菌(MIC = 500 mg/mL)等病原菌均有抑制作用。本研究是首次文献报道关于增殖杆菌对荧光假单胞菌的抗菌活性。元素组成以Ca、K、Mg、Na、Mn、Fe、Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr依次递减，碳水化合物和蛋白质含量较高，占干重的比例分别为36.20±0.27%和23.72±0.31%。该研究是菲律宾第一个报告，显示了U. prolifera作为一种极好的候选生物作为化合物来源的潜力，并在药理学工业中有相关的应用。
{"title":"Nutrient Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Ulva prolifera O. F. Müller","authors":"E. Arguelles, Arsenia B. Sapin","doi":"10.15578/squalen.550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/squalen.550","url":null,"abstract":"Seaweeds are marine organisms capable of producing diverse kinds of chemical compounds with promising pharmacological use. The study evaluated the proximate and elemental composition and the potential antioxidant (using CUPRAC, ABTS+, and DPPH assays) and antibacterial activities (using microtiter plate dilution assay) of Ulva prolifera O. F. Müller. The seaweed has a total phenolic content of 829 ± 2.00 mg GAE/g. Antioxidant efficiency of U. prolifera exerted high ability of reducing copper ions, potent ABTS+ and DPPH scavenging activities in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 value of 24.7 mg GAE/mL, 43.52 mg GAE/mL, and 54.1 mg GAE/mL, respectively, more effective than ascorbic acid. In vitro antibacterial activity assay showed that U. prolifera exhibited inhibitory activity against bacterial pathogens such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 125 mg/mL), S. epidermidis (MIC = 125 mg/mL), and Pseudomonas fluorescens (MIC = 500 mg/mL). This investigation is the first documented report regarding antibacterial activity of U. prolifera against P. fluorescens. In addition, results showed elemental composition to be in decreasing order of Ca K Mg Na Mn Fe Zn Cu Pb Cd Cr. Proximate composition of U. prolifera showed high carbohydrate and protein content with a percentage composition of 36.20 ± 0.27% and 23.72 ± 0.31% (dry weight), respectively. This study is the first report in the Philippines that shows the potential of U. prolifera as an excellent candidate organism as source of chemical compounds with relevant application to the pharmacological industry.","PeriodicalId":21935,"journal":{"name":"Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86824192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Green mussels (Perna viridis) as sedentary organisms have been adopted as bioindicators in the marine environment for many decades. They have been potentially affected by anthropogenic activity and organic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an aquatic environment. This study aims to determine concentration, distribution and potential sources of PAHs in green mussel biomass obtained from Cilincing waters, Jakarta Bay. Fresh green mussels were collected from aquaculture facilities at Cilincing waters of Jakarta Bay with various size categories of shell length and were extracted with solvent n-hexane-dichloromethane mixture using Soxhlet method. The concentrate of sample extract was purified using silica gel/sodium sulfate anhydrous with n-pentene-DCM effluent in fractionation. Finally, the purified sample was injected into the GC-MS instrument. The result showed that the highest concentration of total PAH (TPAH) was 126.47 ng.g-1 wet weight (ww), founded in the guts from the biggest group of green mussel (length of 6.00 to 7.99 cm), and 3-aromatic rings were predominantly detected in all group sizes of green mussel. The result of the LMW/ HMW and diagnostic binary ratio indicated that PAH contamination is caused by a mixed source of petrogenic and pyrogenic processes. It may be due to the presence of oil spilled and petroleum waste from shipyard and cargo activities and atmospheric deposition. Based on excess cancer risk (ECR) value and the concentration level of PAH carcinogenic according to National Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM) regulation, PAH level in green mussels are acceptable and minor negative impact due to typical human consumption. Nevertheless, it needs to be circumspect to exploiting green mussels as seafood resources for daily consumption due to the carcinogenic content.
{"title":"Occurrence and Source Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Green Mussel (Perna viridis) from Cilincing Waters of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia","authors":"D. Yogaswara, Tri Partono, A. Satya","doi":"10.15578/SQUALEN.484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/SQUALEN.484","url":null,"abstract":"Green mussels (Perna viridis) as sedentary organisms have been adopted as bioindicators in the marine environment for many decades. They have been potentially affected by anthropogenic activity and organic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an aquatic environment. This study aims to determine concentration, distribution and potential sources of PAHs in green mussel biomass obtained from Cilincing waters, Jakarta Bay. Fresh green mussels were collected from aquaculture facilities at Cilincing waters of Jakarta Bay with various size categories of shell length and were extracted with solvent n-hexane-dichloromethane mixture using Soxhlet method. The concentrate of sample extract was purified using silica gel/sodium sulfate anhydrous with n-pentene-DCM effluent in fractionation. Finally, the purified sample was injected into the GC-MS instrument. The result showed that the highest concentration of total PAH (TPAH) was 126.47 ng.g-1 wet weight (ww), founded in the guts from the biggest group of green mussel (length of 6.00 to 7.99 cm), and 3-aromatic rings were predominantly detected in all group sizes of green mussel. The result of the LMW/ HMW and diagnostic binary ratio indicated that PAH contamination is caused by a mixed source of petrogenic and pyrogenic processes. It may be due to the presence of oil spilled and petroleum waste from shipyard and cargo activities and atmospheric deposition. Based on excess cancer risk (ECR) value and the concentration level of PAH carcinogenic according to National Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM) regulation, PAH level in green mussels are acceptable and minor negative impact due to typical human consumption. Nevertheless, it needs to be circumspect to exploiting green mussels as seafood resources for daily consumption due to the carcinogenic content.","PeriodicalId":21935,"journal":{"name":"Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology","volume":"56 1","pages":"29-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90894861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Faria Afrin, M. Rasul, Murshida Khan, T. Akter, Chunhong Yuan, A. K. Shah
A natural product such as chitosan promotes health benefits and extends the shelf life of the processed products. Chitosan has been used as a food additive due to its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. This study was conducted to optimize the chitosan concentration as a coating agent on the quality and shelf life of Labeo rohita fillets during frozen storage. Chitosan (CH) solutions were prepared with 0.5 %, 1 %, and 2 % (w/v) CH in 1 % (v/v) glacial acetic acid for coating application. The control (0% CH) and CH treated fish fillets were stored at -18 °C for 14 weeks and assessed for chemical (pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and K-value), microbiological (aerobic plate count (APC)), and sensory properties. The pH, TBARS, and K-value of 1 % and 2 % CH treated fish fillets were acceptable up to 14th week of storage, while TVB-N value was permissible up to 12th week of storage. After 14th week of storage, the APC of control, 0.5 %, 1 %, and 2 % CH treated fillets were 7.18 log CFU/g, 5.02 log CFU/g, 4.13 log CFU/g, and 3.21 log CFU/g, respectively. The fish fillets treated with 1 % and 2 % CH had acceptable sensory attributes up to 12th week, while control fillets were unacceptable after the 6th week of storage. This study demonstrated that 1% CH could be used as a natural additive for keeping the quality and extending the shelf life of L. rohita fillets during frozen storage.
{"title":"Optimization of Chitosan Concentration on The Quality and Shelf Life of Frozen Rohu (Labeo rohita) Fillets","authors":"Faria Afrin, M. Rasul, Murshida Khan, T. Akter, Chunhong Yuan, A. K. Shah","doi":"10.15578/SQUALEN.504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/SQUALEN.504","url":null,"abstract":"A natural product such as chitosan promotes health benefits and extends the shelf life of the processed products. Chitosan has been used as a food additive due to its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. This study was conducted to optimize the chitosan concentration as a coating agent on the quality and shelf life of Labeo rohita fillets during frozen storage. Chitosan (CH) solutions were prepared with 0.5 %, 1 %, and 2 % (w/v) CH in 1 % (v/v) glacial acetic acid for coating application. The control (0% CH) and CH treated fish fillets were stored at -18 °C for 14 weeks and assessed for chemical (pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and K-value), microbiological (aerobic plate count (APC)), and sensory properties. The pH, TBARS, and K-value of 1 % and 2 % CH treated fish fillets were acceptable up to 14th week of storage, while TVB-N value was permissible up to 12th week of storage. After 14th week of storage, the APC of control, 0.5 %, 1 %, and 2 % CH treated fillets were 7.18 log CFU/g, 5.02 log CFU/g, 4.13 log CFU/g, and 3.21 log CFU/g, respectively. The fish fillets treated with 1 % and 2 % CH had acceptable sensory attributes up to 12th week, while control fillets were unacceptable after the 6th week of storage. This study demonstrated that 1% CH could be used as a natural additive for keeping the quality and extending the shelf life of L. rohita fillets during frozen storage.","PeriodicalId":21935,"journal":{"name":"Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87898591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prof. Muhammad Taher, Ph.D, Fatin Syazwani Ruslan, D. Susanti, N. Mohammad Noor, N. Aminudin
Seaweeds are valuable marine plants that have garnered much attention from the public due to their high bioactive, nutrients and minerals content. Seaweeds have been used in multiple applications, including in cosmeceutical, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. Nevertheless, this review will focus on the bioactive compounds of Chlorophyta and their potential application in nutraceutical and cosmeceutical industries. Chlorophyta are believed to possess a significant amount of nutrients and minerals, sufficient to meet the daily requirements of nutrients and minerals in the human body. Considering the nutritional aspect, deficiency in nutrients may lead to severe ailments, including heart disease, neurological disorder and cancer. The main compounds studied in this review are polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids, lipids, fatty acids, pigments, minerals, vitamins and secondary metabolites. Among all, polysaccharides are the most exploited compounds and used in many advanced applications in the nutraceutical and cosmeceutical industries. This review also offers insights into the beneficial biological properties of Chlorophyta, highlighting their potential in cosmeceutical and nutraceutical applications. Further research is required to highlight the Chlorophyta sp. aquaculture, its extraction method, and the most targeted bioactive compounds from the species. Therefore, the challenge is to increase public awareness of the promising application of this species in the nutraceutical and cosmeceutical industries.
{"title":"Bioactive Compounds, Cosmeceutical And Nutraceutical Applications of Green Seaweed Species (Chlorophyta)","authors":"Prof. Muhammad Taher, Ph.D, Fatin Syazwani Ruslan, D. Susanti, N. Mohammad Noor, N. Aminudin","doi":"10.15578/SQUALEN.514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15578/SQUALEN.514","url":null,"abstract":"Seaweeds are valuable marine plants that have garnered much attention from the public due to their high bioactive, nutrients and minerals content. Seaweeds have been used in multiple applications, including in cosmeceutical, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. Nevertheless, this review will focus on the bioactive compounds of Chlorophyta and their potential application in nutraceutical and cosmeceutical industries. Chlorophyta are believed to possess a significant amount of nutrients and minerals, sufficient to meet the daily requirements of nutrients and minerals in the human body. Considering the nutritional aspect, deficiency in nutrients may lead to severe ailments, including heart disease, neurological disorder and cancer. The main compounds studied in this review are polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids, lipids, fatty acids, pigments, minerals, vitamins and secondary metabolites. Among all, polysaccharides are the most exploited compounds and used in many advanced applications in the nutraceutical and cosmeceutical industries. This review also offers insights into the beneficial biological properties of Chlorophyta, highlighting their potential in cosmeceutical and nutraceutical applications. Further research is required to highlight the Chlorophyta sp. aquaculture, its extraction method, and the most targeted bioactive compounds from the species. Therefore, the challenge is to increase public awareness of the promising application of this species in the nutraceutical and cosmeceutical industries.","PeriodicalId":21935,"journal":{"name":"Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology","volume":"25 1","pages":"41-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84627674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Lestari, R. Rinto, I. Wahyuni, S. Ridhowati, W. Wulandari
Fermented fish, including rusip and bekasam , contains lactic acid bacteria, some of which have probiotic properties. Considering the beneficial effect, the count of viable cells in probiotic carrier foods must be at least 10 6 CFU/g throughout the product shelf-life. The processing and storage condition significantly affect the viability of probiotics in carrier foods. This research was conducted to determine the heat resistance of probiotic candidate Enterococcus faecalis R22B isolated from rusip in three different media: bekasam, rusip, and physiological saline solution (NaCl 0.85%). E. faecalis R22B was heated in each medium at a temperature of 70 °C for 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 min. The media characteristics showed differences within the parameters included pH values of 4.41-6.99; a w 0.67-0.92; moisture content 72.56-98.09%; ash content 0.69-12.32%; protein content 0-14.7%; fat content 0-0.84%; and carbohydrate content from 0-4.93%. The results showed that the difference in the heating medium had no significant effect ( p >0.05) on the heat resistance of the bacteria, as indicated by the D 70 value. The required average heating time at 70 o C to decrease E. faecalis R22B cells by 1log 10 (D 70 value) in bekasam, rusip, and physiological saline media were 3.17, 3.29, and 3.55 min, respectively. Despite having a lower D T -value, the reduction of bacteria cells in three media heated at 70 o C showed no difference ( p >0.05); therefore, bekasam and rusip are suitable for probiotic carrier food.
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