Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance最新文献

A numerical simulation method, namely, SDNMR-WEBFIT, is reported for simulating proton spin diffusion NMR based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and a pseudo-2D diffusion model. This method is used for the precise quantification of dynamics heterogeneity of the interphase within multiphase polymer systems. The numerical simulation method provides measurements of spin-lattice relaxation time (T₁), proton density (ρ_H), lamellar thickness (d), and spin diffusion coefficient (D) for each component. The pseudo-2D diffusion model is employed to simulate the proton spin diffusion build-up/decay curves, simultaneously calculating the lateral fraction of island-like structures (x-ratio). Such approach was successfully applied to various polymer systems, such as semi-crystalline polymer (Poly(ε-caprolactone), PCL), block copolymers (Styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer, SBS), and plasticized semi-polymers (Polvinyl alcohol, PVA).

We report solid-state ¹H, ¹³C, and ¹⁷O NMR determination of hyperfine coupling tensors (A-tensors) in several paramagnetic Cu(II) (d⁹, S = 1/2) complexes: trans-Cu(DL-Ala)₂·H₂¹⁷O, Cu([1–¹³C]acetate)₂·H₂O, Cu([2–¹³C]acetate)₂·H₂O, and Cu(acetate)₂·H₂¹⁷O. Using these new experimental results and some A-tensor data available in the literature for trans-Cu(L-Ala)₂ and K₂CuCl₄·2H₂O, we were able to examine the accuracy of A-tensor computation from a periodic DFT method implemented in the BAND program. We evaluated A-tensors on ¹H (I = 1/2), ¹³C (I = 1/2), ¹⁴N (I = 1), ¹⁷O (I = 5/2), ³⁹K (I = 3/2), ³⁵Cl (I = 3/2), and ⁶³Cu (I = 3/2) nuclei over a range spanning more than 3 orders of magnitude. We found that the BAND code can reproduce reasonably well the experimental results for both A-tensors and nuclear quadrupole coupling tensors.

Energy transfer from Zeeman to dipolar order discovered by Jeener et al. is usually observed in solids with a strong dipole-dipole interaction of nuclear spins. It is not observed in liquids, where fast molecular motion completely averages this interaction. The intermediate case, when the dipole-dipole interaction of nuclear spins is only partially averaged, has been poorly studied. We report on the first measurement of an angular-dependent proton spin relaxation of a dipolar reservoir in mobile water molecules confined in the interlayer pores of a vermiculite single crystal. In this layered crystal, the intramolecular dipole-dipole interactions of nuclear spins are only partially averaged due to the restricted anisotropic molecular motion in nanopores. We show that this allows the formation of dipolar echo. We measured the spin-lattice relaxation times of the dipolar order T_1D at different angles between the normal to the crystal surface and the applied magnetic field and obtained a distinct angular dependence of T_1D. The minimum relaxation rate R_1D was found around the magic angle of 54.74°.

A recently developed dynamic mean-field theory for disordered spins (spinDMFT) is shown to capture the spin dynamics of nuclear spins very well. The key quantities are the spin autocorrelations. In order to compute the free induction decay (FID), pair correlations are needed in addition. They can be computed on spin clusters of moderate size which are coupled to the dynamic mean fields determined in a first step by spinDMFT. We dub this versatile approach non-local spinDMFT (nl-spinDMFT). It is a particular asset of nl-spinDMFT that one knows from where the contributions to the FID stem. We illustrate the strengths of nl-spinDMFT in comparison to experimental data for CaF₂. Furthermore, spinDMFT provides the dynamic mean fields explaining the FID of the nuclear spins of ¹³C in adamantane up to some static noise. The spin Hahn echo in adamantane is free from effects of static noise and agrees excellently with the spinDMFT results without further fitting.

The NMR lineshapes produced by half-integer quadrupolar nuclei are sensitive to 11 distinct fit parameters per inequivalent site. To date, automatic fitting routines have failed to replace manual parameter insertion and evaluation due to the importance of local minima and the need for fitting multiple-field magic-angle spinning (MAS) and static spectra simultaneously. Herein we introduce a new tool, AMES-Fit (Automatic Multiple Experiment Simulation and Fitting), to automatically find the global best-fit simulation parameters for a series of multiple-field NMR lineshapes. AMES-Fit uses an adaptive step size random search algorithm to dynamically probe parameter space and requires minimal human input. The best fits are obtained in a few minutes of computation time that would otherwise have required several person-hours of work. The program is freely available and open-source.

Under normal experimental conditions in an achiral environment, NMR spectra of enantiomers have chemical shifts and J couplings which are not differentiable. In this work, the reproducibility of spectral intensities for pairs of amino acid enantiomers, as well as factors influencing these intensities, is assessed using ¹³C and ¹⁵N cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR spectroscopy. Prompted by a recent literature debate over a possible influence of the chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect on spectral intensities obtained in CP/MAS NMR experiments carried out on enantiomers, a number of control experiments were performed with recycle delays of at least 5T₁. These included the analysis of proton-decoupled Bloch decay solid-state NMR spectra as well as solution NMR spectra where the cross polarization process is absent. Bloch decay and CP/MAS NMR spectra yield the same relative intensities for pairs of enantiomers while solution NMR spectra provide relative intensities closest to unity. Differences of plus-or-minus a few percent in the D/L spectral intensity ratios observed in all solid-state NMR experiments are due to sample preparation (i.e., grinding, particle size, partial amorphization) and limitations on sample purity. As previously described in the literature, more drastic intensity differences on the order of 50% are easily created by ball milling the samples. Finally, apodization is shown to invert the apparent D/L ratio in low signal-to-noise ¹⁵N CP/MAS NMR spectra of aspartic acid enantiomers. In summary, no spectral intensity differences attributable to enantiomerism are identified.

¹⁴N NMR of magnetically oriented microcrystals is reported. With a home-built ¹H–¹³C–¹⁴N probe capable of modulating the rotation of the sample around the axis normal to the magnetic field, magnetically oriented microcrystal suspension (MOMS) of l-alanine is made. ¹⁴N NMR spectra acquired with various timings during intermittent rotation lead to a rotation pattern of the MOMS similar to that of a single crystal. The effect of orientational distribution of the microcrystals to broadening of the resonance line is discussed.

Double-rotation (DOR) solid-state NMR spectroscopy is a high-resolution technique developed in the late 1980s. Although multiple-quantum magic-angle spinning (MQMAS) became the most widely used high-resolution method for half-integer spin quadrupoles after 1995, development and application of DOR NMR to a variety of chemical and materials science problems has endured. This Trend article recapitulates the development of DOR NMR, discusses various applications, and describes possible future directions. The main technical limitations specific to DOR NMR are simply related to the size of the double rotor system. The relatively large outer rotor (and thus coil) used for most applications over the past 35 years translates into relatively low rotor spinning frequencies, a low filling factor, and weak radiofrequency powers available for excitation and for proton decoupling. Ongoing developments in NMR instrumentation, including ever-shrinking MAS rotors and spherical NMR rotors, could solve many of these problems and may augur a renaissance for DOR NMR.

Deuterium rotating frame solid-state NMR relaxation measurements (²H $R_{1\rho }$) are important tools in quantitative studies of molecular dynamics. We demonstrate how ²H to ¹³C cross-polarization (CP) approaches under 10–40 kHz magic angle spinning rates can be combined with the ²H $R_{1\rho }$ blocks to allow for extension of deuterium rotating frame relaxation studies to methyl groups in biomolecules. This extension permits detection on the ¹³C nuclei and, hence, for the achievement of site-specific resolution. The measurements are demonstrated using a nine-residue low complexity peptide with the sequence GGKGMGFGL, in which a single selective −¹³CD₃ label is placed at the methionine residue. Carbon-detected measurements are compared with the deuterium direct-detection results, which allows for fine-tuning of experimental approaches. In particular, we show how the adiabatic respiration CP scheme and the double adiabatic sweep on the ²H and ¹³C channels can be combined with the ²H $R_{1\rho }$ relaxation rates measurement. Off-resonance ²H $R_{1\rho }$ measurements are investigated in addition to the on-resonance condition, as they extent the range of effective spin-locking field.

The development of NMR crystallography methods requires a reliable database of chemical shifts measured for systems with known crystal structure. We measured and assigned carbon and hydrogen chemical shifts of twenty solid natural amino acids of known polymorphic structure, meticulously determined using powder X-ray diffraction. We then correlated the experimental data with DFT-calculated isotropic shieldings. The small size of the unit cell of most amino acids allowed for advanced computations using various families of DFT functionals, including generalized gradient approximation (GGA), meta-GGA and hybrid DFT functionals. We tested several combinations of functionals for geometry optimizations and NMR calculations. For carbon shieldings, the widely used GGA functional PBE performed very well, although an improvement could be achieved by adding shielding corrections calculated for isolated molecules using a hybrid functional. For hydrogen nuclei, we observed the best performance for NMR calculations carried out with structures optimized at the hybrid DFT level. The high fidelity of the calculations made it possible to assign additional signals that could not be assigned based on experiments alone, for example signals of two non-equivalent molecules in the unit cell of some of the amino acids.