Sports Medicine最新文献_第2页

Unifying to Advance Understanding: Collaborative, Community-Driven and 'Open' Approaches for Better Science in Sport. 统一促进理解：协作，社区驱动和“开放”的方法，以更好的体育科学。

IF 9.8 1区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-16 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-026-02394-8

John Warmenhoven,Ian Shrier,Garrett S Bullock,Alex O Holcombe,Sophia Nimphius,Paolo Menaspà,Aaron J Coutts,Franco M Impellizzeri

Historically, sport science and medicine researchers have had difficulty obtaining adequate sample sizes, limiting their ability to make accurate generalizations to populations of athletes. To move towards better and more generalizable research, sport could look to other fields of research, and draw upon collaborative approaches for performing science. These include concepts such as big teams approaches for conducting experimental research, developing data repositories centred on a holistic inter-disciplinary view of the athlete and exploring privacy preserving meta-analytic inspired concepts such as federated analyses or pooled synthetic data. These approaches have enormous potential but do come with their own difficulties and risks. There are challenges surrounding the collection, ownership and perception of data, particularly in high-performance sport contexts. This conceptual review is a step towards presenting possible solutions, which could be tested, documented and sculpted to fit the high-performance and professional sport environment, with the aim of improving the processes underpinning scientific enquiry in sport.

从历史上看，运动科学和医学研究人员很难获得足够的样本量，这限制了他们对运动员群体进行准确概括的能力。为了进行更好、更广泛的研究，体育运动可以借鉴其他领域的研究，并利用合作方法进行科学研究。这些概念包括进行实验研究的大团队方法，以运动员的整体跨学科观点为中心开发数据存储库，以及探索保护隐私的元分析启发概念，如联合分析或汇集合成数据。这些方法潜力巨大，但也存在困难和风险。在数据的收集、所有权和感知方面存在挑战，特别是在高性能运动环境中。这一概念性审查是向提出可能的解决方案迈出的一步，这些解决方案可以进行测试、记录和雕刻，以适应高性能和专业的体育环境，目的是改善支撑体育科学探究的过程。

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引用次数: 0

Monitoring Training Effects in Athletes: A Multidimensional Framework for Decision-Making. 运动员训练效果监测：决策的多维框架。

IF 9.8 1区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-13 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-026-02417-4

André Rebelo,Chris Bishop,Robin T Thorpe,Anthony N Turner,Tim J Gabbett

Athlete monitoring is widely used to support training and recovery decisions in elite sport, yet practitioners often face challenges related to data quality, feasibility, and the interpretation of short-term readiness signals within longer-term training adaptation. This narrative review synthesizes conceptual and applied developments in athlete monitoring through the lens of 'training effects', encompassing positive adaptation, maintenance, or maladaptation arising from training, competition, and contextual stressors. We distinguish assessment as isolated or periodic measurement from monitoring as repeated, systematic data collection used to track change over time. Building on contemporary conceptual models, readiness is positioned as an operational proxy for training effects that can inform day-to-day decision making when interpreted longitudinally and within context. We integrate the Minimal, Adequate, and Accurate framework to support tool selection that is economical in resource use, sufficient to meet clearly defined objectives, and grounded in valid and reliable measurement. Tools and metrics are organized according to the primary construct they inform: training load, athlete state and training response. We summarize practical considerations across neuromuscular, subjective, physiological, biochemical, and sleep-related indicators, emphasizing interpretive scope, measurement variability, and implementation constraints. To operationalize individualized monitoring, we outline pragmatic approaches using athlete-specific baselines and distribution-based thresholds (e.g., standard deviation intervals, minimum detectable change), alongside decision-making considerations related to Type I and Type II errors. Overall, this framework aims to reconcile scientific rigor with real-world feasibility, supporting practitioner decision making while acknowledging that monitoring should function as a decision-support process rather than a stand-alone determinant of performance outcomes.

运动员监测被广泛用于支持精英运动的训练和恢复决策，但从业者经常面临与数据质量、可行性和长期训练适应中短期准备信号的解释相关的挑战。这篇叙述性综述通过“训练效应”的视角综合了运动员监测的概念和应用发展，包括由训练、比赛和环境压力源引起的积极适应、维持或不适应。我们区分评估是孤立的或周期性的测量，而监控是重复的，系统的数据收集，用于跟踪随时间的变化。在当代概念模型的基础上，战备状态被定位为训练效果的操作代理，当纵向和在上下文中解释时，可以为日常决策提供信息。我们整合了最小的、充足的和准确的框架，以支持在资源使用方面经济的工具选择，充分满足明确定义的目标，并以有效和可靠的测量为基础。工具和指标是根据它们所传达的主要结构来组织的：训练负荷、运动员状态和训练反应。我们总结了神经肌肉、主观、生理、生化和睡眠相关指标的实际考虑，强调了解释范围、测量变异性和实施限制。为了实现个性化监测，我们概述了实用的方法，使用运动员特定的基线和基于分布的阈值（例如，标准差间隔，最小可检测变化），以及与I型和II型错误相关的决策考虑。总体而言，该框架旨在协调科学的严谨性与现实世界的可行性，支持从业者的决策制定，同时承认监测应该作为决策支持过程而不是绩效结果的独立决定因素。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating the Use of In-Game Rule Changes as a Primary Prevention Approach to Reduce Injury Risk in Invasion Team Sports: A Scoping Review. 评估将游戏规则改变作为一种主要预防方法来减少团队运动中的伤害风险：范围审查。

IF 9.8 1区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-12 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-026-02405-8

Hamish Gornall,Haley Truscott,Isla J Shill,Mike Ashford,Debbie Palmer

BACKGROUNDThe rate of injury in invasion team sports is often greater than in non-invasion sports. A preventative measure to reduce injury risk is to implement in-game rule changes aimed at modifying game events or player behaviour.OBJECTIVEThis study reviewed the use of in-game rule changes in invasion team sports with the aim of reporting the level of utilisation, effectiveness, and unintended consequences.DESIGNScoping review.DATA SOURCESScopus, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Web of Science.RESULTSIn total, 2205 studies were identified, 116 full texts were screened and 47 were included in the final review. Seven sports were found to have assessed in-game rule changes with the most common being ice hockey (n = 18), tackle football (n = 11) and rugby union (n = 7). Rule changes were found to have had the intended effect in 28 studies, while nine found no change and four reported an increase in the rate or cause of injury. The unintended consequences associated with a rule change were assessed by four studies with a further two evaluating several rule changes across multiple seasons.CONCLUSIONSIn-game rule changes were investigated in half of the sports included in the search. Evidence suggests rule changes can be an effective method for reducing injury risk, although unintended consequences need to be considered. Rule changes should be evaluated in a variety of contexts, with an emphasis being placed on researching female populations to address the extensive knowledge gap.

背景：侵入性团体运动的受伤率往往高于非侵入性运动。减少受伤风险的预防措施是执行旨在修改游戏事件或玩家行为的游戏规则改变。目的：本研究回顾了入侵团队运动中游戏规则变化的使用情况，目的是报告使用率、有效性和意想不到的后果。DESIGNScoping审查。DATA SOURCESScopus， MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus， CINAHL, Web of Science。结果共纳入2205项研究，116篇全文被筛选，47篇纳入最终综述。有7项运动评估了游戏规则的变化，其中最常见的是冰球（n = 18）、铲球足球（n = 11）和橄榄球联盟（n = 7）。在28项研究中发现，规则的变化产生了预期的效果，而9项研究没有发现变化，4项研究报告了伤害率或原因的增加。四项研究评估了与规则变化相关的意外后果，另外两项研究评估了多个季节的几项规则变化。结论在搜索中包含的一半运动中调查了比赛规则的变化。有证据表明，改变规则是降低受伤风险的有效方法，尽管需要考虑意想不到的后果。应在各种情况下评价规则的变化，重点是研究女性人口，以解决广泛的知识差距。

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引用次数: 0

Redefining the Paradigm: Advancing Evidence-Based Return-to-Sport Criteria Following Isolated Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Scoping Review. 重新定义范式：在孤立的后交叉韧带重建后推进循证恢复运动标准：范围回顾。

IF 9.8 1区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-11 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-026-02409-4

Emanuele Tortoli,Alice Gerini,Leonardo Pellicciari,Alli Gokeler

INTRODUCTIONAcute posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries occur during high-impact sports including American Football, soccer, and skiing. While many of these injuries can be managed nonsurgically, surgery is necessary in some cases, particularly in cases of instability. Clear and standardized return-to-sport (RTS) criteria during rehabilitation following PCL reconstruction (PCL-R) are lacking.OBJECTIVESThis scoping review aims to identify and analyze existing RTS guidelines for PCL-R and propose improvements on the basis of frameworks from anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, laying the groundwork for future research.METHODSFollowing the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, studies were included if they evaluated RTS criteria after isolated PCL-R in adult athletes. The search strategy involved a three-step approach, including initially limited searches, keyword identification, and a final comprehensive search of five electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and PEDro). The inclusion criteria encompassed studies involving athletes aged > 18 with isolated PCL-R. Exclusion criteria were studies involving multi-ligament injuries, revision surgeries, or nonEnglish publications.RESULTSA total of 13 studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting diverse RTS criteria. RTS timelines were mentioned in four studies (31%), generally ranging from less than 6 up to 12 months. Clinical criteria, including range of motion (ROM) and pain, were reported in eight studies (63%). Full knee extension and near-complete flexion recovery were generally required before RTS, although specific flexion thresholds were not consistently defined. In addition, the absence of pain or the presence of only minimal pain was commonly expected before clearance. Strength assessments were included in five studies (38%), and were frequently assessed via isokinetic testing, with only one study adopting a limb symmetry index (LSI) ≥ 90% as a clearance criterion. Performance criteria, such as hop tests, were used in four studies (31%), often employing a LSI threshold of over 90%. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were assessed in 11 studies (85%). Scores such as the IKDC and Lysholm demonstrated significant postsurgical improvements, often exceeding 90 and 85, respectively, at the time of RTS.CONCLUSIONSThis review highlights the absence of standardized RTS criteria following PCL-R. Clinicians should consider integrating objective criteria when assessing RTS, including full ROM recovery, minimal or no pain, quadriceps and hamstring strength symmetry of ≥ 90% LSI, performance-based tests such as hop tests (commonly using an LSI > 90%), and PROMs (e.g., IKDC > 90, Lysholm > 85).

急性后十字韧带（PCL）损伤发生在高冲击运动中，包括美式橄榄球、足球和滑雪。虽然许多这些损伤可以非手术治疗，但在某些情况下，特别是在不稳定的情况下，手术是必要的。在PCL重建（PCL- r）后的康复期间，缺乏明确和标准化的重返运动（RTS）标准。目的本综述旨在识别和分析PCL-R的现有RTS指南，并在前交叉韧带重建框架的基础上提出改进建议，为未来的研究奠定基础。方法遵循PRISMA-ScR指南，纳入成年运动员孤立性PCL-R后评估RTS标准的研究。搜索策略包括三个步骤，包括最初的有限搜索、关键字识别和最后对五个电子数据库（MEDLINE、Embase、CINAHL、SCOPUS和PEDro）的全面搜索。纳入标准包括年龄在bb0 ~ 18岁的孤立性PCL-R运动员的研究。排除标准为涉及多韧带损伤、翻修手术或非英文出版物的研究。结果共有13项研究符合纳入标准，报告了不同的RTS标准。有4项研究（31%）提到RTS时间线，通常从6个月到12个月不等。临床标准，包括活动度（ROM）和疼痛，报告了8项研究（63%）。虽然具体的屈曲阈值没有一致的定义，但在RTS之前通常需要完全的膝关节伸展和近乎完全的屈曲恢复。此外，在清除之前，通常期望没有疼痛或只有轻微疼痛。五项研究（38%）纳入了力量评估，并且经常通过等速测试进行评估，只有一项研究采用肢体对称指数(LSI)≥90%作为清除标准。性能标准，如跳跃测试，在四项研究（31%）中使用，通常采用超过90%的LSI阈值。11项研究（85%）评估了患者报告的结果测量（PROMs）。IKDC和Lysholm等评分显示出术后显著的改善，在RTS时分别超过90分和85分。结论：本综述强调了PCL-R后缺乏标准化的RTS标准。临床医生在评估RTS时应考虑综合客观标准，包括ROM完全恢复，疼痛最小或无疼痛，股四头肌和腘绳肌力量对称性≥90% LSI，基于性能的测试，如跳跃测试（通常使用LSI bbb90 %）和prom（例如IKDC bbb90 %， Lysholm bbb85 %）。

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引用次数: 0

Do All Paths Lead to Mental Fatigue or Is It Merely a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy? 所有的道路都会导致精神疲劳还是仅仅是一个自我实现的预言？

IF 9.8 1区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-10 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-026-02400-z

Darias Holgado,Daniel Sanabria,Nicolas Place

Fatigue, long recognized as a limiting factor in physical performance, has traditionally been conceptualized as comprising both objective (performance fatigability) and subjective (perception of fatigue) dimensions. In sports science, increasing attention has been paid to "mental fatigue", a state induced by mental efforts, owing to its presumed negative effects on subsequent physical performance. However, this opinion paper argues that the dominant focus on mental fatigue as a singular construct is overly narrow and potentially misleading. Many studies rely on mental tasks (e.g., Stroop test) to induce mental fatigue, assuming that a decline in task performance or self-reported fatigue only equates to mental fatigue. Yet such declines are neither universal nor easily attributable solely to fatigue. Factors such as boredom, mind-wandering, motivation, task automation, and affective states also influence performance and perception during mental tasks. Our research demonstrates that subjective experience during mental tasks is dynamic and multidimensional, with performance decrement and perceived fatigue varying widely across individuals and time. We advocate for a shift from the mental fatigue paradigm to a broader framework, which more accurately captures the interplay between cognitive demands and subjective states. Using tools such as the Temporal Experience Tracing (TET) method, we highlight the complex array of responses during mental tasks that go beyond fatigue alone. In doing so, we challenge current assumptions and call for more nuanced methodologies to assess how mental states affect subsequent physical performance.

疲劳，长期以来被认为是身体表现的限制因素，传统上被概念化为包括客观（表现疲劳）和主观（疲劳感知）两个维度。在体育科学中，越来越多的人关注“精神疲劳”，这是一种由精神努力引起的状态，因为它对随后的身体表现有负面影响。然而，这篇意见论文认为，将精神疲劳作为一个单一结构的主要关注点过于狭隘，并且可能具有误导性。许多研究依赖于智力任务（如Stroop测试）来诱发精神疲劳，假设任务表现的下降或自我报告的疲劳只等同于精神疲劳。然而，这种衰退既不普遍，也不容易仅仅归因于疲劳。无聊、走神、动机、任务自动化和情感状态等因素也会影响智力任务中的表现和感知。我们的研究表明，在脑力任务中的主观体验是动态的和多维的，表现下降和感知疲劳在个体和时间上有很大差异。我们提倡从精神疲劳范式转向更广泛的框架，更准确地捕捉认知需求和主观状态之间的相互作用。使用时间体验追踪（TET）方法等工具，我们强调了心理任务中超出疲劳的复杂反应阵列。在此过程中，我们挑战了当前的假设，并呼吁采用更细致入微的方法来评估精神状态如何影响随后的身体表现。

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引用次数: 0

The Rules of the Game: Towards a Theory of Practice for Performance Nutritionists in Professional Soccer Using Bourdieu’s Concepts of Habitus, Capital and Field 游戏规则：从布迪厄的习惯、资本和场的概念出发，探讨职业足球运动营养学家的实践理论

IF 9.8 1区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-026-02408-5

Wee Lun Foo, Colum J. Cronin, Graeme L. Close, James P. Morton

Background and Objective Performance nutrition is now an established discipline in professional soccer; however, limited knowledge exists on how practitioners can navigate through the unique cultural environment of the men’s professional game. Accordingly, we explored the perspectives of players and stakeholders from the English Premier League on the attributes they perceive to underpin successful performance nutrition practice. Methods Guided by an interpretivist paradigm with a critical perspective (recognising that reality is also subjectively and socially constructed), qualitative face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with purposively sampled English Premier League stakeholders from August 2024 to December 2024, including players ( n = 4), coaches ( n = 4), sports scientists ( n = 2), physiotherapists ( n = 2), a chef ( n = 1) and a medical doctor (n = 1). Data were abductively analysed using a thematic analysis informed by Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus, capital and field. Results Three key themes were identified. It is perceived that (1) Field: successful performance nutritionists must recognise and adapt to the hierarchical structure, entrenched cultural norms and doxic practices of professional soccer, adapting their strategies to gain support from coaches, players and staff; (2) Capital: effective performance nutrition practice requires strategic deployment of cultural capital (technical, sports-specific and interdisciplinary knowledge) and social capital (ability to build trust and relationships with key stakeholders) to establish credibility and influence practice; (3) Habitus: the ability to accumulate and mobilise these forms of capital is underpinned by a habitus congruent with elite soccer’s culture, characterised by passion, resilience, adaptability and positivity. Conclusions These data provides a comprehensive interpretation of the unwritten rules of professional soccer, demonstrating that the perceived success for performance nutritionists in the English Premier League extends beyond technical expertise, requiring the ability to navigate tacit field rules, strategically mobilise cultural and social capital and embody a habitus aligned with the values of elite soccer through passion, adaptability, positivity and resilience.

背景与目的竞技营养学现已成为职业足球的一门学科；然而，对于运动员如何在男子职业比赛的独特文化环境中进行导航，人们的认识有限。因此，我们从英超联赛的球员和利益相关者的角度探讨了他们认为支持成功的表现营养实践的属性。方法在批判性视角的解释主义范式（认识到现实也是主观和社会建构的）的指导下，从2024年8月到2024年12月，有目的地对英超联赛利益相关者进行了定性面对面半结构化访谈，包括球员（n = 4），教练（n = 4），体育科学家（n = 2），物理治疗师（n = 2），厨师（n = 1）和医生（n = 1）。利用布迪厄的惯习、资本和场的概念进行专题分析，对数据进行了溯因性分析。结果确定了三个关键主题。人们认为：(1)领域：成功的表现营养学家必须认识到并适应职业足球的等级结构、根深蒂固的文化规范和惯例，调整他们的策略以获得教练、球员和工作人员的支持；(2)资本：有效的绩效营养实践需要战略部署文化资本（技术、体育专项和跨学科知识）和社会资本（与关键利益相关者建立信任和关系的能力），以建立可信度和影响力实践；(3)习惯：积累和调动这些形式的资本的能力是由一种与精英足球文化相一致的习惯所支撑的，这种习惯的特点是激情、弹性、适应性和积极性。这些数据提供了对职业足球不成文规则的全面解释，表明在英超联赛中，表现营养学家的成功超越了技术专长，需要有能力驾驭默契的领域规则，战略性地调动文化和社会资本，并通过激情、适应性、积极性和弹性体现出与精英足球价值观一致的习惯。

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引用次数: 0

Menstrual Cycle-Related Symptoms and Disorders and Their Impact on Physical, Psychosocial, and Environmental Determinants of Exercise Performance: A Scoping Review. 月经周期相关症状和紊乱及其对运动表现的生理、社会心理和环境决定因素的影响：范围综述

IF 9.8 1区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-026-02412-9

Anna Stitelmann,Anne-Violette Bruyneel,Carina Enea,Nathalie Boisseau

BACKGROUNDMenstrual cycle (MC)-related symptoms and disorders are common in female athletes, but their effects on exercise performance remain insufficiently characterized. Growing evidence highlights that physical, psychosocial, and environmental determinants should be seen as interrelated performance-influencing domains.OBJECTIVEThe objective of this scoping review was to synthesize the current evidence on the influence of MC-related symptoms and disorders on exercise performance within a biopsychosocial and environmental framework. Its aims were to (1) examine the physical determinants of subjective and objective performance outcomes, (2) explore psychosocial and environmental moderators, (3) identify variations across sport types and athlete levels, and (4) appraise methodological approaches and limitations.METHODSA total of 31 studies (from 2003 to January 2025) meeting the Population-Concept-Context criteria (nonhormonal contraceptive users-analysis of MC-related symptoms/disorders and physical, psychosocial, or environmental determinants of exercise performance-any sport type or activity level) were identified by systematic search of the PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The extracted data covered study characteristics, outcomes, and assessment methods.RESULTSMC-related symptoms and disorders were consistently linked to perceived performance impairment, although the evidence on the objective outcomes was heterogeneous. The methodological quality of the included studies (assessed using a modified Downs and Black checklist) was generally low because most relied on non-validated tools or lacked hormonal concentration measurements to confirm the MC phase, thus limiting comparability. Psychosocial (motivation, anxiety, stigma) and environmental (clothing, sanitary facilities) factors amplify the MC effect on performance, but these factors remain underexplored.CONCLUSIONSThe available data suggest that MC symptom burden could be a major determinant of perceived exercise performance impairment. Future research should adopt an integrative design that combines physical, psychosocial, and environmental perspectives and standardized symptom assessments to advance evidence-based, context-sensitive approaches in female sport.

背景：与月经周期（MC）相关的症状和障碍在女性运动员中很常见，但它们对运动表现的影响尚未得到充分的研究。越来越多的证据表明，身体、社会心理和环境决定因素应被视为相互关联的绩效影响领域。目的：本综述的目的是在生物、心理、社会和环境的框架内，综合目前关于mc相关症状和障碍对运动表现影响的证据。其目的是：(1)检查主观和客观表现结果的物理决定因素，(2)探索心理社会和环境调节因素，(3)确定运动类型和运动员水平之间的差异，(4)评估方法方法和局限性。方法通过系统检索PubMed、Medline、Embase和Web of Science数据库，共确定31项符合人口-概念-环境标准（非激素避孕药使用者- mc相关症状/障碍和运动表现的身体、社会心理或环境决定因素分析）的研究（从2003年到2025年1月）。提取的数据包括研究特征、结果和评估方法。结果smc相关的症状和障碍始终与感知到的表现障碍有关，尽管客观结果的证据是不一致的。纳入研究的方法学质量（使用改进的Downs和Black检查表进行评估）普遍较低，因为大多数研究依赖于未经验证的工具或缺乏激素浓度测量来确认MC期，从而限制了可比性。社会心理因素（动机、焦虑、耻辱）和环境因素（服装、卫生设施）放大了MC对表现的影响，但这些因素仍未得到充分探讨。结论现有数据表明，MC症状负担可能是感知运动表现障碍的主要决定因素。未来的研究应采用综合设计，结合身体、社会心理和环境的观点和标准化的症状评估，以推进基于证据的、环境敏感的女性运动方法。

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引用次数: 0

AI-Driven Analysis of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tests to Identify Gas Exchange and Ventilatory Thresholds. 人工智能驱动的心肺运动试验分析，以确定气体交换和通气阈值。

IF 9.8 1区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-026-02403-w

Daniel A Keir,Andrea Zignoli,Danilo Iannetta,Felipe Mattioni Maturana,Juan M Murias

BACKGROUNDA cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) provides the estimated lactate threshold (θLT) and respiratory compensation point (RCP) through visual identification of multivariate gas exchange and ventilatory profiles. Artificial intelligence tools, such as deep neural networks, can learn, replicate, and classify these patterns and potentially aid in θLT and RCP identification, removing the subjectivity of threshold detection. This study evaluated a set of deep learning models (Oxynet) pre-trained with more than 1200 CPET files and tested its performance against visual inspection of experts.METHODSEvaluation included three phases: In phase I, 50 simulated ventilatory and gas exchange CPET files were generated, mixed with 50 authentic files, presented sequentially and in randomized order to three independent evaluators, and judged to be real or fake. In phase II, a new set of 50 files were generated, θLT and RCP were identified by both Oxynet and the consensus of three experts, and these estimates were compared with known values. In phase III, a subset of 163 CPETs were used to fine-tune Oxynet, and its evaluation of 50 independent authentic ramp CPET files were compared with those of the three experts.RESULTSExperts correctly discriminated simulated from authentic data in 44% of cases (phase I). One-way ANOVA revealed no main effect of identified V ˙ O 2 (known vs Oxynet vs human evaluators) for both θLT (p = 0.41) and RCP (p = 0.39) with ~ zero effect size for both θLT (ω2 = 0.00) and RCP (ω2 = 0.00) (phase II). Using real ramp-incremental data (phase III), the fine-tuned Oxynet identified the V ˙ O 2 at 1944 ± 401 and 2555 ± 602 mL min-1 for θLT and RCP, respectively. Expert evaluators identified these at 1900 ± 469 and 2581 ± 625 mL min-1 with mean between-method biases of 45 mL min-1 (p = 0.087) and - 26 mL min-1 (p = 0.118).CONCLUSIONSOxynet can be used as an accurate, reliable, and objective tool to identify or aid in the identification of exercise thresholds from gas exchange and ventilatory CPET data in healthy individuals.

心肺运动试验（CPET）通过视觉识别多变量气体交换和通气特征，提供估计的乳酸阈值（θLT）和呼吸代偿点（RCP）。人工智能工具，如深度神经网络，可以学习、复制和分类这些模式，并可能有助于θLT和RCP识别，消除阈值检测的主观性。本研究评估了一套深度学习模型（Oxynet），该模型预先训练了1200多个CPET文件，并测试了其在专家视觉检查下的性能。方法评估分为三个阶段：第一阶段生成50份模拟通风与气体交换CPET文件，与50份真实文件混合，按随机顺序依次呈现给3名独立评估者，并判断真假。在第二阶段，生成了一组新的50个文件，θLT和RCP由Oxynet和三位专家的共识确定，并将这些估定值与已知值进行比较。在第三阶段，使用163个CPET子集对Oxynet进行微调，并将其对50个独立真实斜坡CPET文件的评估与三位专家的评估进行比较。结果专家正确区分模拟数据和真实数据的比例为44%（第一阶段）。单因素方差分析显示，鉴定出的V˙o2（已知vs Oxynet vs人类评估者）对θLT （p = 0.41）和RCP （p = 0.39）都没有主要影响，θLT （ω2 = 0.00）和RCP (ω2 = 0.00) （II期）的效应大小为~零。使用真实的斜坡-增量数据（III期），经过微调的Oxynet在θLT和RCP分别在1944±401和2555±602 mL min-1时鉴定出V˙o2。专家评估人员在1900±469和2581±625 mL min-1时确定了这些，平均方法间偏差为45 mL min-1 （p = 0.087）和- 26 mL min-1 （p = 0.118）。结论soxynet可作为一种准确、可靠、客观的工具，用于识别或辅助识别健康个体的气体交换和通气CPET数据的运动阈值。

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引用次数: 0

Association Between Physical Activity, Heart Rate Variability and Major Depressive Disorders: An Umbrella Review. 体力活动、心率变异性和重度抑郁症之间的关系：综述。

IF 9.4 1区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-025-02365-5

Jan-Niklas Kreppke, Gavin Brupbacher, Kerstin Rupf, Vivien Hohberg, Robyn Cody, Markus Gerber, Oliver Faude

Background: Physical activity (PA) has positive effects on physical and mental health. Nevertheless, two thirds of individuals with major depressive disorders (MDD) do not meet PA recommendations. Furthermore, MDD is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. This depression-related dysfunction is expressed by low heart rate variability (HRV). In contrast, regular PA has been shown to improve autonomic regulation over time as indicated by higher HRV values.

Objective: The overarching aim of this umbrella review is to examine the complex interrelationship and mutual influence between MDD, PA, and HRV. We aim to answer the following questions: (I) How does PA affect depressive symptoms? (II) How are HRV and MDD related? (III) How does PA affect HRV?

Methods: Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and Epistemonikos were searched for systematic reviews and meta-analyses from their inception until 5 July 2024. Reviews were included if they presented the effects of PA interventions on depression severity in individuals with MDD for part I, if they showed the differences in HRV parameters between healthy individuals and individuals with MDD for part II, and if they presented the effects of PA interventions on HRV parameters in healthy individuals for part III. The quality of the included reviews was assessed by Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2) criteria.

Results: This umbrella review included 90 reviews. Part I shows that various types of PA are effective in reducing symptoms of depression in individuals with MDD. In addition, there is a similar reduction with PA compared with pharmacological treatment. Part II demonstrates that time-based and frequency-based HRV values are lower in individuals with MDD than in healthy individuals. Part III shows that different types of PA can improve time-based, frequency-based and nonlinear HRV parameters in healthy individuals.

Conclusion: This comprehensive umbrella review demonstrates the importance of PA to reduce symptoms of depression and to have a positive impact on autonomic function. Further studies suggest that PA can also improve HRV in individuals with MDD. In the future, randomized controlled trials should be conducted to examine which types and forms of PA are effective in positively affecting HRV in individuals with MDD according to standardized parameters in the area of HRV and depression severity.

Trial registration: The protocol for this umbrella review was a priori registered with PROSPERO: CRD42021278665.

背景：体育活动对身心健康有积极影响。然而，三分之二的重度抑郁症（MDD）患者不符合PA的建议。此外，重度抑郁症与心血管风险增加和自主神经系统功能障碍有关。这种与抑郁相关的功能障碍表现为低心率变异性（HRV）。相比之下，定期PA已被证明随着时间的推移可以改善自主调节，这表明HRV值较高。目的：本综述的主要目的是研究MDD、PA和HRV之间复杂的相互关系和相互影响。我们的目标是回答以下问题：(I) PA如何影响抑郁症状？（二）HRV和MDD有何关联？（三）PA如何影响HRV？方法：检索Medline、Embase、PsycINFO、SPORTDiscus和Epistemonikos网站自成立至2024年7月5日的系统综述和荟萃分析。如果在第一部分中描述了PA干预对重度抑郁症患者抑郁严重程度的影响，如果在第二部分中描述了健康个体和重度抑郁症患者HRV参数的差异，如果在第三部分中描述了PA干预对健康个体HRV参数的影响，则纳入了综述。纳入评价的质量通过评估系统评价的方法学质量（AMSTAR 2）标准进行评估。结果：本综述包括90篇综述。第一部分表明，各种类型的PA在减轻重度抑郁症患者的抑郁症状方面是有效的。此外，与药物治疗相比，PA也有类似的减少。第二部分表明，重度抑郁症患者基于时间和频率的HRV值低于健康个体。第三部分表明，不同类型的PA可以改善健康个体的基于时间、基于频率和非线性HRV参数。结论：这项全面的综述证明了PA在减轻抑郁症状和对自主神经功能有积极影响方面的重要性。进一步的研究表明，PA也可以改善重度抑郁症患者的HRV。未来，应开展随机对照试验，根据HRV和抑郁严重程度领域的标准化参数，检验哪些类型和形式的PA对重度抑郁症患者的HRV有积极影响。试验注册：本次总括性审查的方案在PROSPERO进行了先验注册：CRD42021278665。

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引用次数: 0

Goal Setting in Exercise and Physical Activity: An Expert Statement on Behalf of Exercise and Sports Science Australia. 运动和体育活动的目标设定：代表澳大利亚运动和体育科学协会的专家声明。

IF 9.4 1区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-025-02373-5

Christian Swann, Jena Buchan, Elizabeth A Calleja, Scott G Goddard, Melanie M Clarke, Rebecca M Hawkins, Patricia C Jackman, Matthew J Schweickle, Stewart A Vella, Simon Rosenbaum

Goal setting is one of the most commonly used strategies for increasing exercise and physical activity, and is a core aspect of the scope of practice for many exercise and health practitioners. Despite its widespread use, recent research has highlighted a need to reconsider traditional practice and re-evaluate the theoretical and empirical basis of goal setting in exercise and physical activity promotion. The issues identified in traditional approaches to goal setting in exercise and physical activity include oversimplification, misapplication of theory and over-reliance on the SMART acronym (e.g., Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-bound goals) rather than more rigorous evidence-based approaches. Therefore, this expert statement, on behalf of Exercise and Sports Science Australia, reviews theory and empirical evidence on goal setting, and provides practical recommendations for exercise and health practitioners when supporting clients to set goals. To move beyond the issues highlighted in traditional approaches to goal setting, it is necessary to go 'back to basics' and consider the foundations of goal setting. In turn, we outline: the goal-setting process; the structure of goals; moderating factors that determine whether/when certain types of goal should be set; and outcomes of goals, including risks and pitfalls. We provide corresponding practical recommendations to assist exercise and health practitioners in setting goals with clients. This expert statement seeks to help practitioners avoid the issues highlighted in traditional approaches to goal setting in exercise and physical activity, and set more suitable and evidence-based goals with clients instead.

目标设定是增加锻炼和身体活动最常用的策略之一，也是许多锻炼和健康从业者实践范围的核心方面。尽管它被广泛使用，但最近的研究强调需要重新考虑传统实践，重新评估运动和体育活动促进目标设定的理论和实证基础。在传统的运动和体育活动目标设定方法中发现的问题包括过度简化、理论误用和过度依赖SMART首字母缩略词（例如，具体的、可衡量的、可实现的、现实的、有时限的目标），而不是更严格的循证方法。因此，这份专家声明，代表澳大利亚运动和体育科学，回顾了关于目标设定的理论和经验证据，并在支持客户设定目标时为运动和健康从业者提供了实用的建议。为了超越传统目标设定方法中突出的问题，有必要“回到基础”并考虑目标设定的基础。反过来，我们概述：目标设定过程；目标结构；决定是否/何时应该设定某些类型的目标的调节因素；目标的结果，包括风险和陷阱。我们提供相应的实用建议，以帮助运动和健康从业者与客户设定目标。这份专家声明旨在帮助从业者避免在传统方法中强调的锻炼和体育活动目标设定问题，并为客户设定更合适和基于证据的目标。

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引用次数: 0