Sports Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Response to Comment on: “Assessment of Aerobic Fitness and Repeated Sprint Ability in Elite Male Soccer: A Systematic Review of Test Protocols Used in Practice and Research”","authors":"Nikolaos D. Asimakidis, Chris Bishop, Marco Beato, Anthony N. Turner","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02350-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02350-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145515861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Pre-cooling and Cooling Breaks on Thermoregulatory, Physiological and Match Running Responses During Football in Moderate and Hot Temperatures","authors":"Edgar Schwarz, Catarina B. Oliveira, Monica Duarte Muñoz, Agustín Alanis, Marcela Alanis, Aldo Lara, Alfredo Freeze, Júlio A. Costa, Tim Meyer, Rob Duffield","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02325-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02325-z","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose This study investigated the effects of pre-cooling and cooling breaks on thermoregulatory, hydration and running responses in football (soccer) players in moderate and hot temperatures. Methods Forty male youth footballers participated in at least two of four matches, during which core body temperature ( <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sub>core</jats:sub> ), heart rate (HR), match running, hydration and perceptual responses were measured. Cooling breaks (CBs), consisting of ice-cold towels and drinks, were compared to drinking breaks (DBs), consisting of passive rest and a temperate drink, applied at the same timeframes. Both were used as pre-cooling for 10 min before the warm-up, before the pre-match, during half-time and during additional 3-min cooling breaks at the 25th minute of each half. Initially, 20 players performed two crossover matches in 25 °C wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) receiving cooling (CB <jats:sub>25</jats:sub> ) and drinking (DB <jats:sub>25</jats:sub> ). A second group of 20 players played a regular match in 25 °C WBGT with no breaks (NB <jats:sub>25</jats:sub> ) and then a match in 33 °C WBGT during which they received either cooling (CB <jats:sub>33</jats:sub> ) or drinking breaks (DB <jats:sub>33</jats:sub> ). Results In CB <jats:sub>25</jats:sub> , players felt cooler ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001) and less fatigued ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.045) than in DB <jats:sub>25</jats:sub> , without differences in match running ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> > 0.20), HR <jats:sub>mean</jats:sub> ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> > 0.35) or <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sub>core</jats:sub> ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> > 0.09). Players in CB <jats:sub>25</jats:sub> sweated less ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.005) and drank less ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.002), resulting in no significant difference in body mass loss compared to DB <jats:sub>25</jats:sub> . In CB <jats:sub>33</jats:sub> , players had lower HR <jats:sub>mean</jats:sub> ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.007), similar total distance ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.21), lower peak <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sub>core</jats:sub> ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001) and lower body mass loss ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.007) compared to NB <jats:sub>25</jats:sub> . In DB <jats:sub>33</jats:sub> , players reduced moderate (12–18 km/h; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.007) and high-speed running distance (18–24 km/h; p = 0.002) but had similar peak <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sub>core</jats:sub> ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.71) and body mass loss ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.95) to that in NB <jats:sub>25</jats:sub> . Conclusions In general, high <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sub>core</jats:sub> values and body mass losses were observed even when playing in moderate heat. Both drinking and cooling breaks attenuated the continuous <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:su","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145515874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association of Growth and Maturation with Injury in Academy Soccer Players: A Narrative Review","authors":"Elliott C. R. Hall, Robert M. Erskine","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02340-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02340-0","url":null,"abstract":"Background The point of fastest growth during somatic maturation is termed ‘peak height velocity’ (PHV), and the chronological age at which this occurs varies considerably. Academy football (soccer) players are typically categorised by chronological age, yet many children of the same age will naturally mature and grow at different ages and rates, respectively, which could affect injury risk. However, despite nearly two decades of studies investigating the association of growth and maturation with injury in academy footballers, confusion remains. Objective To critically appraise the literature concerning the association of maturity timing, maturity status and growth rate with injury in academy football. Methods Scopus, PubMed, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL databases were screened from inception until April 2025. Study design, setting, sample size, methods for estimating maturity timing/maturity status/growth rate, and injury reporting were evaluated in this narrative review to determine individual study quality. Results A total of 472 articles were screened with data extracted from 26 eligible studies published between 2007 and 2025. Conclusions We found that (i) early maturing players suffer more soft-tissue injuries than on-time or late maturing players; (ii) more growth-related injuries occur circa-PHV than pre- or post-PHV, but post-PHV players generally have greater injury risk than circa- or pre-PHV; and (iii) fast growth (stature increase ≥ 7.2 cm per year) increases injury risk in academy footballers. However, all eligible studies demonstrated inherent limitations and none investigated the impact of maturity timing, maturity status or growth rate on injury in female academy players, indicating future research should address these issues.","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"153 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145515876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terminology and Interpretation Across Neuromuscular Profiling Methods: A Systematic Review","authors":"Kelvin YH. Chua, Samuel R. Leahey, Danny Lum, Jack T. Fahey, Martin Buchheit, Jason C. Laffer, Mackenzie CN. Evans, Youssef J. Wannouch, Paul Comfort","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02330-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02330-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145455408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Maximal Strength or Speed-Strength Have Stronger Associations with Performance Indicators in the Rugby Football Codes? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Lachlan P. James, Vincent G. Kelly, Jonathon Weakley, Rich D. Johnston, Minh Huynh","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02342-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02342-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145455425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Competition Time on Soccer Players' Performance Factors: A Scoping Review with Evidence Gap Map.","authors":"André Milheiro,Ivan Baptista,Fábio Y Nakamura,Hugo Sarmento,Filipe Manuel Clemente,João Renato Silva,José Afonso","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02321-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02321-3","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDPerformance in team sports is influenced by physical, technical, tactical, and psychological factors. Understanding the disparities in playing time between starters and nonstarters is crucial for optimizing training strategies and performance management.OBJECTIVESThis systematic scoping review with an evidence gap map (EGM) aimed to (i) synthesize findings from studies comparing the performance factors of starters and nonstarters, (ii) identify compensatory strategies for players with reduced playing times and barriers to the implementation of these strategies, and (iii) provide an EGM to guide future research toward addressing the most relevant gaps in the literature. This review followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the respective extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Electronic databases such as the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science (Core Collection) were searched on 31/08/2023. The RoBANS tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Among 32,613 articles, 57 trials from 70 publications were included.RESULTSFemale soccer players were represented in only 15.8% of the trials. The physical performance factor (k = 56, 98.2%) has been extensively studied in relation to the differences between starters and nonstarters. Few studies have analyzed technical and psychological performance factors, while tactical factors have not been addressed. Starters presented higher values of external absolute intensity (EAI, measured by the total distance and sprint distance), higher internal absolute intensity (IAI, assessed through heart rate-based measures as above 70% maximal heart rate), along with greater improvements in exercise performance measurements (countermovement jump and 20-m sprint), than nonstarters did. The most adopted categorization was based on match participation (k = 33, 57.9%), with starters defined as players who played for ≥ 66.7% of a match time (14.0%). The day commonly used for compensatory training was 24 h after a match (k = 16; 37.5%). Several strategies attempting to reproduce competitive loads were used, such as small-sided games (k = 9; 56.3%), running-based drills (k = 8, 50.0%), small-positional games (k = 3, 18.8%), tactical-technical drills (k = 2, 12.5%), strength training (k = 2, 12.5%), and friendly matches (k = 1, 6.5%).CONCLUSIONThis scoping review highlights the necessity of placing increased emphasis on technical, tactical, and psychological performance factors and compensatory training strategies (including the day and types of exercise). These measures aim to replicate the competitive match demands for nonstarters, maintaining or enhancing the physical adaptations, psychological factors, and tactical-technical skills required for performance improvement throughout the season. This review proposes three main future research areas for the topic: (i) investigating the effects of compensatory training on nonstarters' weekly loads when distributed across multiple days; (ii) inv","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145440595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of and Risk Factors for Lower Extremity Apophysitis in Children and Adolescents","authors":"Niels Wedderkopp, Chinchin Wang, Russell Steele, Jeff Hebert, Christina Rexen, Eva Jespersen, Tina Junge, Tobias Thomsen, Frederik Mølgaard Jensen, Ian Shrier","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02328-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02328-w","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Apophysitis is a common musculoskeletal injury in children and adolescents often resulting in pain and deformity such as bony prominences in Osgood–Schlatter, leading to reduced physical function. A concerning consequence of lower extremity (LE) apophysitis is its potential to reduce physical activity. Objectives We aimed to describe the incidence of lower extremity apophysitis in children and estimate the association of leisure-time sport (LT-sport) participation and physical education (PE) on apophysitis incidence. Methods In a 5.5-year prospective cohort study of primary-school students, parents sent weekly text messages reporting injury occurrences and LT-sport participation data in the participating children. Injury reports triggered subsequent clinical evaluation. Results We analyzed data from 878 girls and 792 boys and identified 1265 episodes of apophysitis in 1670 children. Sever’s, Sinding-Larsen–Johansson’s, and Osgood–Schlatter’s diseases constituted more than 99% of LE-apophysitis cases. The median time of injury duration was 3–4 weeks, and the range was between 1 and 45 weeks. The incidence was between 3.2 and 7.0 cases of LE apophysitis per 1000 LT-sport participations. Extra physical education did not increase the risk of apophysitis, whereas children who participated in soccer, handball, basketball, and jump gymnastics were at increased risk (risk ratio [RR] = 2.07–2.74). Conclusions Lower extremity apophysitis can result in months of pain. This is important as prolonged periods of injury could reduce LT-sport and exercise participation, thereby decreasing health-related physical activity in childhood. Our results suggest early diagnosis and activity modification in children and adolescents with apophysitis may reduce injury duration, but future intervention studies are required before more definitive causal conclusions can be drawn. Trial Registration Danish Data Protection Agency (J. no. 2008-41-2240) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03510494).","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145427784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Utility of the Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool 6 (SCOAT6) and Other Select Multidomain Assessments for Subacute Sport-Related Concussion.","authors":"Anthony P Kontos, Aaron J Zynda, Alicia M Trbovich, Jonathan French, Nathan Kegel, Christopher Burley, Shan Patel, Anne Mucha, Melissa N Womble, Sabrina Jennings, Christina M Dollar, R J Elbin, Michael W Collins","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02256-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-025-02256-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a need for an empirically supported, clinically pragmatic set of multidomain tools for the subacute assessment of sport-related concussion in clinical settings. The Concussion in Sport Group recommended a new tool called the Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool 6 (SCOAT6) for a subacute (3-30 days) sport-related concussion assessment; however, it has yet to be empirically validated.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of the SCOAT6 compared to select multidomain assessments comprising the Concussion Clinical Profile Screening (CP Screen), Immediate Post-concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT), and Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screen (VOMS) in identifying athletes with sport-related concussion from healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>There were 134 participants (aged 13-29 years) within 3-30 days of sport-related concussion and 67 healthy controls who completed the SCOAT6 recommended components (e.g., Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory [PCSI], verbal cognitive tests, orthostatic vital signs, modified Balance Error Scoring System [mBESS], timed tandem gait, and modified VOMS [mVOMS]), optional screeners (e.g., Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7], Patient Health Questionnaire-2 [PHQ-2], Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire [ASSQ]), and other select multidomain assessments (e.g., CP Screen, ImPACT, VOMS) at their initial visit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PCSI, mVOMS, and timed tandem gait demonstrated acceptable to outstanding utility (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.73-0.91) to identify sport-related concussion from controls, while the remaining SCOAT6 components demonstrated unacceptable utility (AUC < 0.70). Nearly all CP Screen, ImPACT, and VOMS components demonstrated acceptable to outstanding utility (AUC = 0.72-0.97), except for CP Screen anxiety/mood, ImPACT reaction time, and VOMS near point of convergence distance (AUC < 0.70).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The PCSI, timed tandem gait, and mVOMS components of the SCOAT6 were useful in identifying sport-related concussion. However, verbal cognitive tests, orthostatic vital signs, and clinical balance components were not useful for this purpose. The CP Screen, additional items from the full version of the VOMS, and ImPACT memory and processing speed were also useful in identifying sport-related concussion and should be included in a multidomain approach for the subacute assessment of sport-related concussion.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2915-2932"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instrumented Mouthguards in Men's Rugby League: Quantifying the Incidence and Probability of Head Acceleration Events at a Group and Individual Level.","authors":"James Tooby, Cameron Owen, Thomas Sawczuk, Gregory Roe, Kevin Till, Gemma Phillips, Dane Vishnubala, Ryan White, Steve Rowson, Ross Tucker, Gregory Tierney, Ben Jones","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02253-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-025-02253-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is growing concern that exposure to head acceleration events (HAEs) may be associated with long-term neurological effects.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To quantify the incidence and probability of HAEs during men's professional rugby league match-play on a group and individual basis using instrumented mouthguards (iMGs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 91 men's professional rugby league players participating in the 2023 Super League season wore iMGs, resulting in the collection of 775 player matches (mean 8.3 matches per player). Incidence of HAEs (rate of HAEs per median playing time) was calculated via generalised linear mixed models. Probability of HAEs (likelihood of experiencing an HAE during a tackle-event) was calculated using an ordinal mixed effects regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean incidence of HAEs exceeding 25 g per median playing time ranged from 0.86-1.88 for back positions and 1.83-2.02 for forward positions. The probability of exceeding 25 g during a tackle event was higher for ball-carriers (6.29%, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 5.27-7.58) than tacklers (4.26%, 95% CI 3.48-5.26). Several players exhibited considerably higher incidence and probability than others, e.g. one player averaged 5.02 HAEs exceeding 25 g per median playing time and another had a probability of 20.00% of exceeding 25 g during a tackle event as a ball-carrier and 34.78% as a tackler.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study quantifies the incidence and probability of HAEs in men's rugby league match-play, advancing our understanding of HAE exposure in men's rugby league. These findings support the development of individualised HAE mitigation strategies targeted at individuals with elevated HAE exposures.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2879-2890"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12559052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on: \"Sports Dietitians Australia and Ultra Sports Science Foundation Joint Position Statement: A Practitioner Guide to the Prevention and Management of Exercise-Associated Gastrointestinal Perturbations and Symptoms\".","authors":"Grégoire P Millet, Antoine Raberin, Bastien Krumm","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02274-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40279-025-02274-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2933-2935"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}