Surfaces and Interfaces最新文献

{"title":"Low-temperature bonding via micro-cone array insertion with indium-mediated interfacial void elimination","authors":"Yuanxun Cui,&nbsp;Chongyang Li,&nbsp;Anmin Hu,&nbsp;Ming Li,&nbsp;Tao Hang","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advancement of information technologies continues to drive innovations in advanced packaging, with bonding techniques progressively evolving toward low-temperature fine-pitch solutions. Micro-cone array (MCA) insertion bonding is an emerging bonding technology under active investigation. However, conventional implementations suffer from interfacial void formation, which limits the reduction in bonding parameters—particularly in attaining lower temperature and pressure. This work innovatively proposes a Cu/CoW/In MCA structure fabricated by electrodepositing a 40-nm CoW barrier layer and a 300-nm indium layer on Cu MCA. The indium layer can eliminate the interfacial voids via molten flow above its melting point (<em>T</em>_m =156.6 °C) or viscoplastic deformation below <em>T</em>_m, coupled with rapid diffusion into the Sn solder. Crucially, the CoW barrier is indispensable for suppressing premature CuIn intermetallic compound (IMC) formation prior to bonding. Optimized bonding parameters—170 °C/750 gf/300 s and 140 °C/1000 gf/300 s—both achieved void-free interfaces with shear strength above 40 MPa, exceeding the solder strength. After aging at 140 °C for 32 h, the interface exhibited progressive formation of Cu₆Sn₅ IMC with shear strength retention at ∼40 MPa. This work provides a low-temperature, low-pressure, high-quality bonding method for high-density interconnects, demonstrating significant engineering value for advanced packaging applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 108542"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D in situ RuO2/ZnO nanocomposite for heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of etoposide in biological fluid: Identification of podophyllotoxin derivatives by LCHRMS","authors":"V.M. Adhithya Venu ,&nbsp;Daniel T. THANGADURAI ,&nbsp;D Nataraj ,&nbsp;K Senthilkumar","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108539","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Etoposide (ETO), a widely utilized chemotherapeutic agent, poses a significant environmental risk due to its incomplete metabolism and subsequent release into aquatic systems. This accumulation, stemming from pharmaceutical waste and human excretion, leads to environmental toxicity given ETO's inherent cytotoxic and persistent properties. In alignment with United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), we present a novel approach for the heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of ETO. In the present work, a three-dimensional (3D) RuO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/ZnO nanocomposite was synthesized using an &lt;em&gt;in situ&lt;/em&gt; impregnation method for photocatalytic degradation of ETO under UV light. The as-prepared 3D nanocomposite underwent rigorous characterization using various techniques, including spectroscopy (XPS and Raman), microscopy (FESEM, HRTEM, and AFM), structural analysis (XRD), and surface analysis (BET). The UV–vis DRS analysis shows optical bandgap energy of the RuO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/ZnO nanocomposite was decreased to 2.95 eV compared with ZnO (3.07 eV). Photocatalytic degradation experiments were performed under UV-A light (λ&lt;sub&gt;ex&lt;/sub&gt; 365 nm) with an initial ETO concentration of 60 ppm, exploring catalyst dosages of 10, 20, and 30 mg at pH 9, and a 10 mg dosage at pH 3. Remarkably, a clinically relevant ETO concentration of 60 ppm achieved approximately 95.29 % degradation with an optimal catalyst load of 10 mg. This enhanced photocatalytic efficiency is attributed to the combination of the heterojunction formation, high absorption, and enhanced charge separation. The TCSPC studies revealed that the average lifetime of RuO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/ZnO was enhanced 19 times (2.32 ns) compared to ZnO (0.12 ns), indicating efficient charge separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, more active sites, and high photocatalytic efficiency. The band edge potential of RuO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/ZnO nanocomposite was determined by Mott-Schottky analysis. The radical scavenger analysis and EPR studies confirmed that the enhanced ETO degradation efficiency was due to the presence of photogenerated electrons, OH, and O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; radicals. The RuO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/ZnO nanocomposites possess high structural stability after three consecutive cyclic experiments, as confirmed by XRD. This degradation method was also successfully applied to real biological matrices, demonstrating approximately 75 % degradation in urine samples within 100 min, underscoring the practical utility of the RuO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/ZnO nanocomposite. Identification of ETO degradation byproducts, including commercially unavailable podophyllotoxin derivatives, was conducted via Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC–HRMS). Furthermore, we investigated the influence of catalyst dosage, pH, reaction time, and reusability, alongside ETO degradation kinetics. These findings strongly position the RuO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/ZnO nanocomposite as a sustainable and effective solution ","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 108539"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of highly corrosion-resistant Zn-Cu-Ti alloy coatings via anodization and gel-assisted electrophoretic deposition and study of their corrosion properties","authors":"Shanming Fan ,&nbsp;Xuelian Sun ,&nbsp;Mingjun Peng,&nbsp;Yonghua Duan,&nbsp;Jun Li,&nbsp;Shanju Zheng,&nbsp;Mengnie Li","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces an innovative approach that integrates anodization with gel-assisted electrophoretic deposition (EPD) to significantly enhance the corrosion resistance of a Zn-Cu-Ti alloy. The process begins with the formation of an anodic oxide film, which functions as both a protective base layer and a substrate for coloring. Subsequently, a silica-based sealing layer is deposited via EPD. This layer effectively fills the inherent porous structure of the anodic film, thereby improving its barrier properties while maintaining its decorative appearance. Hydrophobic modification further endows the composite coating with enhanced water repellency and corrosion resistance. Compositional analyses via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed the presence of zinc oxide and metallic zinc within the anodic film, along with hydrophobic functional groups on its surface. The sol-gel process introduces silica and polymeric silicates, which form a robust and hydrophobic network during EPD. A high water contact angle of 114.72° verifies the superhydrophobic nature of the coating. Salt spray testing demonstrated that this EPD coating possesses superior compactness, fewer defects, and significantly improved corrosion resistance compared to conventional anodized layers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 108544"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation and modeling of low-surface-tension droplets self-transport on conical surfaces","authors":"Yi Ding ,&nbsp;Fangzheng Chang ,&nbsp;Li Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomimetic studies of plant surfaces have revealed that conical structures with curvature gradients can enable spontaneous directional transport of droplets from the apex to the base. This phenomenon provides valuable insights for designing functional surfaces capable of passive, energy-free liquid manipulation in complex or extreme environments. This work experimentally investigated droplet self-transport behavior on horizontally oriented single conical and coupled dual-conical surfaces, examining the influence of droplet physical properties and volume. A dimensionless self-transport number, <em>ST</em>_d, was proposed as an approximate indicator of the droplet transport dynamics. Empirical correlations based on <em>ST</em>_d were established to predict the droplet spreading diameter, thickness and contact line length. Results show that, on the single conical surface, droplet spreading diameter and thickness increase with <em>ST</em>_d. On the dual-conical surface, droplet contact line length exhibits a linear positive correlation with <em>ST</em>_d. Compared to the single conical surface, the average self-transport velocity on dual-conical surface increases by over 38.20% for identical droplet volumes, attributed to the groove depth gradient that promotes droplet transport efficiency. In sum, the proposed empirical correlations provide a quantitative framework for evaluating droplet wetting morphology, thereby providing a strategic framework for developing the conical surfaces with controllable droplet motion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 108548"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ti-functionalized borospherene nanocages as high performance materials for selective toxic gas capture, storage, and optical sensing","authors":"S. Abdel Aal ,&nbsp;M. Khairy ,&nbsp;Kamal A. Soliman","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Titanium-functionalized borospherene nanocages (Ti@B₄₀ and Ti₆@B₄₀) are systematically investigated using dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D3) to evaluate their multifunctional performance in toxic gas sensing, capture, and photonic applications. Ti atoms anchor preferentially at heptagonal sites with a binding energy of –5.476 eV, while multi-site Ti₆@B₄₀ exhibits enhanced stabilization of –5.846 eV per Ti atom, exceeding the cohesive energy of bulk Ti and ensuring homogeneous dispersion of active sites. Molecular dynamics simulations provide extensive confirmation of the dynamic and thermal stability of the Ti₆@B₄₀ nanocluster, highlighting its potential as a structurally stable and energetically efficient candidate for multifunctional nanotechnological applications. Functionalization dramatically narrows the HOMO–LUMO gap to 1.288 eV for Ti@B₄₀ (ΔEgap = –55.52%) and further to 1.037 eV for Ti₆@B₄₀ (ΔEgap = –64.19%), enhancing electronic conductivity and chemical reactivity. Adsorption energies follow the descending order CN (–4.968 eV) &gt; NO (–2.530 eV) &gt; HCN (–1.301 eV) &gt; CO (–1.245 eV), with CN adsorption exhibiting the strongest charge transfer (qTi = +1.064|e|; qCN = –0.57|e|) and large dipole induction (7.226 D), while HCN displays the highest dipole moment (10.97 D) despite its lower adsorption energy, indicating strong electrostatic polarization.</div><div>Recovery time analysis reveals that CO desorbs from Ti@B₄₀ within 3.54 seconds at 500 K, while HCN requires 13.3 seconds under the same conditions. These values are further reduced under UV irradiation, with CO/Ti@B₄₀ desorbing in 4.89 seconds at 400 K and HCN/Ti@B₄₀ within 0.013 seconds at 500 K. In contrast, CN adsorption is effectively irreversible, exhibiting an exceptionally high recovery time of τ ≈ 4.63 × 10⁴⁹ s for CN/B₄₀ and ≥10²⁶ s for (CN)₆/Ti₆@B₄₀, confirming its potential for long-term capture and storage applications. Time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) spectra reveal analyte-specific optical signatures, with NO/Ti@B₄₀ exhibiting the most intense red-shifted absorption band near 950 nm, and (CO)₆/Ti₆@B₄₀ showing strong shortwave infrared (SWIR) absorption in the 1350–1400 nm region. These results establish Ti-decorated B₄₀ as a multifunctional nanomaterial, combining selective toxic gas detection, reversible adsorption based storage, and advanced optical and nonlinear photonic performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 108533"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistically designed CuMn2O4/ZnFe-LDH nanohybrids for advanced asymmetric supercapacitors","authors":"Sandhiya B,&nbsp;Shahanas T,&nbsp;Harichandran G","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advancement of modern energy storage technologies hinges on designing innovative electrodes and cost-effective materials with enhanced specific capacitance. In this work, a CuMn₂O₄/ZnFe-LDH nanocomposite was successfully synthesized through a facile two-step process involving physical grinding followed by ultrasonication. The energy storage characteristics of the prepared nanocomposite were engineered via varying the concentrations of ZnFe-LDH relative to CuMn₂O₄. All the prepared ratios of CuMn₂O₄/ZnFe-LDH demonstrate excellent electrochemical behaviour and remarkable cyclic durability compared to their individual components. Among them, the CuMn₂O₄/ZnFe-LDH (0.15) showed outstanding capacitance performance of 1947 F g^-1 when tested at 1 A g^-1. Furthermore, the CuMn₂O₄/ZnFe-LDH (0.15) // AC asymmetric supercapacitor attained a specific energy of 67.16 Wh kg^-1 at a specific power of 800 W kg^-1. The device demonstrated excellent rate capability, retaining 90 % of its original capacitance over 10,000 continuous cyclic voltammetry scans. The enhanced specific surface area of the layered ZnFe-LDH, combined with the excellent electronic conductivity of CuMn₂O₄, contributes to improved charge transfer kinetics in the synthesized nanocomposites, resulting in superior electrochemical performance. These outcomes underscore the synergistic interaction between CuMn₂O₄ and ZnFe-LDH, which significantly enhances both charge storage capacity and electrochemical durability, underscoring their potential in advanced energy storage technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 108541"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial corrosion behavior of thermally sprayed Al-5Mg coatings under localized salt contamination","authors":"Qidi Wang ,&nbsp;Shengyue Li ,&nbsp;Shigenobu Kainuma ,&nbsp;Yanqi Liu ,&nbsp;Jian Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Localized chloride residues are common but difficult-to-detect contaminants during the maintenance of severely corroded steel structures. This study investigates how localized chloride accumulation affects the interfacial corrosion behavior of thermally sprayed Al-5Mg coatings. By controlling contamination area (3–12 mm) and salt load (0–4000 mg/m²), representative scenarios of chloride enrichment were constructed and evaluated through electrochemical measurements, adhesion testing, and cross-sectional microstructural analysis. Results show that localized chloride rapidly induces the formation of continuous oxide bands enriched in Al and Mg at the coating–substrate interface, reducing the initial impedance by more than 80% compared with uncontaminated conditions. Interfacial adhesion strength decreases significantly, with the 4000 mg/m² condition exhibiting an average reduction of approximately 33%. At high contamination levels, accumulated oxide products hinder ionic transport, leading to an apparent one-order-of-magnitude increase in impedance and a corresponding decrease in corrosion current, thereby giving a misleading impression of improved corrosion resistance. Despite this electrochemical false improvement, interfacial corrosion is more severe in these regions. Furthermore, when contamination area and salt load are combined into a single parameter—total contamination—a clear nonlinear relationship emerges between total contamination and interfacial degradation, indicating that even small contaminated zones with high salt concentration can dominate failure. These findings clarify the critical role of localized chloride enrichment in initiating and accelerating interfacial failure of thermal spray coatings and highlight the risk of misinterpreting coating performance when relying solely on electrochemical indicators in field inspections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 108547"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale computational fluid dynamics modelling of spatial atomic layer deposition processes: Application to chamber design and process control","authors":"Yunseok Kim ,&nbsp;Seulwon Choi ,&nbsp;Huichan Kang ,&nbsp;Ho Jun Kim ,&nbsp;Hwanyeol Park","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we present a multiscale modelling study that integrates density functional theory (DFT) calculations and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to investigate spatial atomic layer deposition (SALD) of Al₂O₃ films using trimethylaluminum (TMA) and H₂O precursors. DFT was used to elucidate the reaction energetics on hydroxyl‑terminated α-Al₂O₃(0001) surfaces, revealing mechanistic details, such as adsorption pathways, activation barriers, and rate-determining steps in both half-reactions. These atomic-level insights were incorporated into a transient CFD model of the in-line SALD reactor to explore the coupled phenomena of precursor transport, flow hydrodynamics, and surface chemistry under various processing conditions. Special attention was paid to the comparison of the top- and bottom-purging configurations, where the exhaust positions clearly influenced flow patterns and vortex formation, thereby affecting precursor uniformity and mixing. Simulations captured the self-limiting half-cycles of TMA and H₂O, demonstrating that once the substrate surface sites were saturated, no further reactions occurred, regardless of the precursor excess. Parametric analyses further showed how substrate velocity and temperature can be optimized to balance film growth rate, precursor utilization, and overall process efficiency. Taken together, these results offer practical guidelines for the design of the SALD reactor by revealing how geometric parameters and operating conditions govern uniform film deposition. By combining DFT-derived chemical kinetics with reactor-scale CFD simulations, this study provides a robust framework for predicting and fine-tuning thin film growth in efficient, cost-effective SALD systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 108550"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing etherified pine needles and polyaniline composite via epichlorohydrin linkage for highly efficient adsorption of cationic dyes","authors":"Sonali Rana,&nbsp;Sandeep Chauhan","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Keeping the goal of the circular economy in mind, a novel and reusable composite was synthesized from copiously available renewable feedstock, pine needles (PNs), through the etherification followed by grafting of polyaniline (PANI) using epichlorohydrin (Epi) as linker via <em>in-situ</em> polymerization. The as-synthesized composite, Epi-ePNs-g-PANI, was employed for the removal of cationic dyes, i.e., crystal violet (CV), malachite green (MG), and methylene blue (MB). The characterization of the composite was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray, surface charge analysis, X-ray diffraction, zeta potential, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy to confirm its successful synthesis, enhanced surface properties, and dye adsorption. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated remarkable dye removal efficiencies of 97.18 %, 93.84 %, and 92.26 % for CV, MG, and MB, respectively, under optimized conditions (20 min, 303 K, pH 8.0) with an adsorbent dosage of 1 g L^-1. At the optimized concentration of 350 ppm, the maximum adsorption capacities of 327.25 mg g^-1 (CV), 325.47 mg g^-1 (MG), and 325.76 mg g^-1 (MB) were illustrated by the Langmuir model, suggesting monolayer adsorption. Kinetic model analysis revealed that adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics for CV and MG, whereas the Elovich model best described MB adsorption. The thermodynamic results suggest spontaneous and exothermic adsorption. Numerous interactions, including electrostatic, H-bonding, π-π interactions, and pore filling effects, were responsible for adsorption. Furthermore, Epi-ePNs-g-PANI exhibited excellent reusability over ten cycles, highlighting the potential of the renewable biomass-derived composite as a cost-effective, sustainable, and efficient adsorbent for wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 108540"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermal synthesis of Bi-Ce hydroxide/oxide nanomaterials: Multifunctional platforms for radiation shielding and environmental applications","authors":"Sakthivel Chandrasekar ,&nbsp;Bo Liu ,&nbsp;Nivetha Ambikapathi ,&nbsp;Venkatraman Pitchaikannu ,&nbsp;Premkumar Sellan ,&nbsp;Prabha Inbaraj ,&nbsp;Mir Waqas Alam ,&nbsp;Qiang Jing ,&nbsp;Lei Wei ,&nbsp;Lalit Mohan Aggarwal ,&nbsp;Sunil Choudhary ,&nbsp;Li Yongqiang","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fabrication of Bi₂Ce₂O₇ represents a significant advancement toward sustainable radiation shielding materials. In this work, a novel Bi₂Ce₂O₇ semiconductor was synthesized from Bi₂Ce₂OH₁₄, exhibiting an insulator-to-semiconductor transition and enabling multifunctional applications in radiation shielding, photocatalysis, and phytotoxicity mitigation. Comprehensive physicochemical and electrochemical characterizations were performed. XRD analysis revealed crystallite sizes of 13.36 nm for Bi₂Ce₂OH₁₄ and 11.96 nm for Bi₂Ce₂O₇ nanoparticles (NPs), while FTIR spectra confirmed Bi₂Ce₂O₇ formation through characteristic metal-oxygen vibrations after annealing at 700°C for 2 h. The Bi₂Ce₂O₇ NPs showed an average particle size of ∼39 nm and a high surface area of 81.765 m² g⁻¹, indicating finer morphology compared to the precursor hydroxide. Notably, Bi₂Ce₂O₇ exhibited higher absorption efficiency for gamma rays than X-rays and demonstrated superior shielding against X-rays, gamma rays, and neutrons, achieving a low half-value layer (HVL) of 0.210 cm relative to commercial materials. Photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of 82.20% and 97.59 % were obtained for Bi₂Ce₂OH₁₄ and Bi₂Ce₂O₇, respectively, toward methylene blue. Weber-Morris intraparticle diffusion analysis revealed a multistep degradation mechanism. Enhanced photocatalytic activity was attributed to the anionic surface of Bi₂Ce₂O₇, which promotes charge separation and reactive radical generation. This study presents Bi₂Ce₂O₇ as a non-toxic, lead-free candidate for radiation shielding, environmental, and protective applications, marking the first report on the radiation attenuation performance of Bi₂Ce₂OH₁₄ and Bi₂Ce₂O₇ NPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 108537"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}