Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108650
Lihong Ao , Qin Zhang
Much experimental evidence reveals that non-thermal mechanisms govern material removal under femtosecond or even shorter laser pulses, and non-thermal laser damage has been a topic widely discussed. Nevertheless, there is still no continuum mechanical model capable of describing the evolution of such damage. In this study, we develop a model that characterizes solid damage through a phase field variable governed by Allen-Cahn dynamics. The parameter of the model is defined by a conceptual mechanism: during the non-thermal laser ablation process, electron pressure surpasses the interatomic barrier potential, dissociates material from the solid surface as small equivalent particles and resulting in localized damage. The numerical simulation validates the model's availability and demonstrates its ability to predict damage morphology under varying laser conditions. This work advances the understanding of non-thermal ablation and provides a tool for optimizing ultrafast laser processing.
{"title":"Phase field model of non-thermal damage in solid induced by ultrashort laser","authors":"Lihong Ao , Qin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Much experimental evidence reveals that non-thermal mechanisms govern material removal under femtosecond or even shorter laser pulses, and non-thermal laser damage has been a topic widely discussed. Nevertheless, there is still no continuum mechanical model capable of describing the evolution of such damage. In this study, we develop a model that characterizes solid damage through a phase field variable governed by Allen-Cahn dynamics. The parameter of the model is defined by a conceptual mechanism: during the non-thermal laser ablation process, electron pressure surpasses the interatomic barrier potential, dissociates material from the solid surface as small equivalent particles and resulting in localized damage. The numerical simulation validates the model's availability and demonstrates its ability to predict damage morphology under varying laser conditions. This work advances the understanding of non-thermal ablation and provides a tool for optimizing ultrafast laser processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 108650"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147399990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108603
Canan Samdan, Hakan Demiral, Ayşe Başaran
Iron oxide nanorods are promising materials for catalytic and environmental applications. However, the role of carbon-support surface chemistry in interface-directed nucleation and growth remains incompletely understood. In this study, Fe₂O₃ was deposited onto activated carbon that had been (i) enriched with oxygen through HNO₃ treatment and (ii) modified with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) under various conditions. To investigate these effects, we employed several techniques, including nitrogen sorption (BET), FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM/EDS with elemental mapping, Boehm titration, and XRD. Our findings reveal that surface functional groups influence nucleation density, crystallite size, and anisotropy of the nanorods. Oxygenated carbons facilitate electrostatic adsorption, leading to the formation of partially elongated Fe₂O₃ domains. In contrast, TEPA-rich surfaces provide coordination sites for Fe-N that suppress radial growth and promote one-dimensional extension, promoting the formation of uniform nanorods with high aspect ratios. These results establish a clear link between support surface chemistry and Fe₂O₃ morphology, providing practical guidelines for engineering FeₓOᵧ/Carbon composites with tailored crystallinity and dispersion for catalytic applications.
{"title":"Effect of surface functional group chemistry on the interface-directed growth of Fe₂O₃ nanorods on modified activated carbons","authors":"Canan Samdan, Hakan Demiral, Ayşe Başaran","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron oxide nanorods are promising materials for catalytic and environmental applications. However, the role of carbon-support surface chemistry in interface-directed nucleation and growth remains incompletely understood. In this study, Fe₂O₃ was deposited onto activated carbon that had been (i) enriched with oxygen through HNO₃ treatment and (ii) modified with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) under various conditions. To investigate these effects, we employed several techniques, including nitrogen sorption (BET), FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM/EDS with elemental mapping, Boehm titration, and XRD. Our findings reveal that surface functional groups influence nucleation density, crystallite size, and anisotropy of the nanorods. Oxygenated carbons facilitate electrostatic adsorption, leading to the formation of partially elongated Fe₂O₃ domains. In contrast, TEPA-rich surfaces provide coordination sites for Fe-N that suppress radial growth and promote one-dimensional extension, promoting the formation of uniform nanorods with high aspect ratios. These results establish a clear link between support surface chemistry and Fe₂O₃ morphology, providing practical guidelines for engineering FeₓOᵧ/Carbon composites with tailored crystallinity and dispersion for catalytic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 108603"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147399984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interfacial solar vapor generation (ISVG) is a new technology for wastewater treatment. In this system, solar energy is used as a renewable energy source for heat generation on the surfaces of photo-thermal material, followed by water evaporation from the surface. In this work, a high-efficiency photo-thermal substrate (CuxS/PMF) is prepared for ISVG system. In the first synthesis stage, a uniform thin layer of metallic Cu (500 nm) was deposited on the surface of melamine foam (PMF) using electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) method. In the next step, the prepared Cu/PMF was converted to CuxS/PMF using a fast and simple chemical reaction. The prepared sample shows high efficiency photothermal conversion. A uniform CuxS layer was formed on the PMF surface and shows good ability in harvesting the sunlight with low heat loss, such as convection, radiation and conduction to the surroundings. The synthesized sample (CuxS/PMF) was characterized with FESEM, EDX, XRD, XPS and contact angle (CA) methods. CuxS/PMF was used in an ISVG system under different conditions (light intensities, salt presence and outdoor) and its performance and stability were evaluated. Thanks to the black color and semiconductor property, the prepared CuxS/PMF shows high evaporation rate (2.82 kg m-2 h-1) and solar to vapor conversion efficiency (99%) under 1000 W m-2 light illumination, so it can be used for solar harvesting to produce clean water.
界面太阳能蒸汽产生（ISVG）是一种新的污水处理技术。在该系统中，太阳能作为可再生能源在光热材料表面产生热量，然后从表面蒸发水分。在这项工作中，为ISVG系统制备了高效光热衬底（CuxS/PMF）。在第一阶段，采用电子束-物理气相沉积（EB-PVD）方法在三聚氰胺泡沫（PMF）表面沉积了一层均匀的金属Cu （500 nm）薄层。下一步，通过快速、简单的化学反应将制备好的Cu/PMF转化为CuxS/PMF。制备的样品光热转换效率高。PMF表面形成了均匀的CuxS层，具有较好的对流、辐射、传导等低热损失的太阳光收集能力。用FESEM、EDX、XRD、XPS和接触角（CA）等方法对合成的CuxS/PMF进行了表征。CuxS/PMF在不同条件下（光强、盐存在和室外）用于ISVG系统，并评估其性能和稳定性。由于其黑色和半导体性质，制备的CuxS/PMF在1000 W m-2光照下具有较高的蒸发速率（2.82 kg m-2 h-1）和太阳能-水蒸气转换效率（99%），因此可用于太阳能收集以产生清洁水。
{"title":"Deposition of CuxS thin layer on melamine foam and utilization as high-performance interfacial solar vapor generator","authors":"Haniyeh Tahzibi , Saeid Azizian , Mahdi Hajivaliei","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interfacial solar vapor generation (ISVG) is a new technology for wastewater treatment. In this system, solar energy is used as a renewable energy source for heat generation on the surfaces of photo-thermal material, followed by water evaporation from the surface. In this work, a high-efficiency photo-thermal substrate (Cu<sub>x</sub>S/PMF) is prepared for ISVG system. In the first synthesis stage, a uniform thin layer of metallic Cu (500 nm) was deposited on the surface of melamine foam (PMF) using electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) method. In the next step, the prepared Cu/PMF was converted to Cu<sub>x</sub>S/PMF using a fast and simple chemical reaction. The prepared sample shows high efficiency photothermal conversion. A uniform Cu<sub>x</sub>S layer was formed on the PMF surface and shows good ability in harvesting the sunlight with low heat loss, such as convection, radiation and conduction to the surroundings. The synthesized sample (Cu<sub>x</sub>S/PMF) was characterized with FESEM, EDX, XRD, XPS and contact angle (CA) methods. Cu<sub>x</sub>S/PMF was used in an ISVG system under different conditions (light intensities, salt presence and outdoor) and its performance and stability were evaluated. Thanks to the black color and semiconductor property, the prepared Cu<sub>x</sub>S/PMF shows high evaporation rate (2.82 kg m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>) and solar to vapor conversion efficiency (99%) under 1000 W m<sup>-2</sup> light illumination, so it can be used for solar harvesting to produce clean water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 108437"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents a surface modification technique for aluminum alloys designed for thermal management in outdoor electronic enclosures. A multilevel rough structure was constructed on the alloy surface via a combination of sandblasting and etching, followed by the grafting of perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFTEOS). The treated sample exhibited an infrared emissivity of 0.8951 and a superhydrophobic character, with a water contact angle of 153.63° ± 0.9° and a sliding angle of 3.2° ± 0.2°. These properties conferred excellent self-cleaning ability and resistance to water flow impact. Under testing with a 3 W heat source and direct sunlight, the modified enclosure achieved an average internal temperature reduction of 6.4 °C compared to an untreated enclosure, while maintaining a high thermal conductivity of 157.88 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹. The results demonstrate that this method effectively enhances radiative heat dissipation without compromising thermal conductivity.
{"title":"Surface modification for radiative heat dissipation and self-cleaning on aluminum alloys","authors":"Zhiwei Hao , Xian Zeng , Daiming Zhou , Shutong Kan , Pingchuan Chen , Libo Liang , Qian Cao , Lijie Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a surface modification technique for aluminum alloys designed for thermal management in outdoor electronic enclosures. A multilevel rough structure was constructed on the alloy surface via a combination of sandblasting and etching, followed by the grafting of perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFTEOS). The treated sample exhibited an infrared emissivity of 0.8951 and a superhydrophobic character, with a water contact angle of 153.63° ± 0.9° and a sliding angle of 3.2° ± 0.2°. These properties conferred excellent self-cleaning ability and resistance to water flow impact. Under testing with a 3 W heat source and direct sunlight, the modified enclosure achieved an average internal temperature reduction of 6.4 °C compared to an untreated enclosure, while maintaining a high thermal conductivity of 157.88 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹. The results demonstrate that this method effectively enhances radiative heat dissipation without compromising thermal conductivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 108614"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, a total of 31 kinds of metal hydroxide powders (unary to quinary MOH) were prepared via the coprecipitation method using Fe, Co, Mn, Ni, and Ti as precursor ions. Subsequently, the corresponding composite electrodes (MOH@NF) were fabricated by coating the as-prepared MOH powders onto nickel foam (NF). Then through systematical investigation on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance of the MOH@NF electrodes, two kinds of optimized composition were obtained: ternary FeCoMn hydroxide (t-MOH) and quinary FeCoMnNiTi hydroxide (f-MOH). Based on the compositions of t-MOH and f-MOH, a ternary FeCoMn alloy (t-MA) and a quinary FeCoMnNiTi alloy (f-MA) were prepared and then self-supported ternary and quinary metal oxide electrodes (t-MOx@t-MA and f-MOx@f-MA) were fabricated through anodization of the corresponding alloys. Electrochemical tests demonstrate that, compared with their MOH@NF counterparts, the η10 of t-MOx@t-MA and f-MOx@f-MA have decreased by 26 and 102 mV, respectively. Notably, f-MOx@f-MA has an ultralow OER overpotential of merely 185 mV and excellent stability. The proposed method with high efficiency and low cost is particularly suitable for application scenarios requiring large-scale catalyst screening.
{"title":"Influence of composition and preparation method on OER performance of multi-metal (hydro) oxide composite electrodes","authors":"Kai Lin, Xixin Wang, Mengyao Yang, Yaya Liu, Zihan Li, Jianling Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a total of 31 kinds of metal hydroxide powders (unary to quinary MOH) were prepared via the coprecipitation method using Fe, Co, Mn, Ni, and Ti as precursor ions. Subsequently, the corresponding composite electrodes (MOH@NF) were fabricated by coating the as-prepared MOH powders onto nickel foam (NF). Then through systematical investigation on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance of the MOH@NF electrodes, two kinds of optimized composition were obtained: ternary FeCoMn hydroxide (t-MOH) and quinary FeCoMnNiTi hydroxide (f-MOH). Based on the compositions of t-MOH and f-MOH, a ternary FeCoMn alloy (t-MA) and a quinary FeCoMnNiTi alloy (f-MA) were prepared and then self-supported ternary and quinary metal oxide electrodes (t-MOx@t-MA and f-MOx@f-MA) were fabricated through anodization of the corresponding alloys. Electrochemical tests demonstrate that, compared with their MOH@NF counterparts, the η<sub>10</sub> of t-MOx@t-MA and f-MOx@f-MA have decreased by 26 and 102 mV, respectively. Notably, f-MOx@f-MA has an ultralow OER overpotential of merely 185 mV and excellent stability. The proposed method with high efficiency and low cost is particularly suitable for application scenarios requiring large-scale catalyst screening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 108609"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108625
Wei Ge , Lulu Pan , Jun Chen , Fanfei Min , Hui Liu , Shaoxian Song
Alkali fusion of montmorillonite (Mt) with NaOH is an effective method to enhance its reactivity and produce a promising low-carbon cementitious material. However, the structural transformations of Mt and activation mechanisms during the alkali fusion process remain poorly understood. In this study, reactive molecular dynamics (ReaxFF MD) simulations were employed to investigate the alkali fusion process of Mt across a temperature range of 500–1200 °C. The results reveal that dehydroxylation of Al-O octahedron initiates at 600 °C, leading to the formation of low-coordinated Al species (Al[5]/Al[4]), H₂O and destruction of Al-O-Al/Mg network. In contrast, Si atoms predominantly maintain a 4-coordinated configuration (Si[4]), and the released hydroxyl groups react with Si atoms to form Si-OH configurations, mainly localized within the inner surface of Mt. The Si-O-Si network exhibits superior thermal stability compared to the aluminous framework. The enhancement of Mt reactivity is primarily driven by Na⁺ ions from NaOH, rather than OH⁻ ions. These Na⁺ ions disrupt the Si-O bonds and penetrate the Mt layers, leading to pore formation within the Si-O-Si network. The resulting pores facilitate further ingress of Na⁺, which promotes extensive fracturing of the network and engages with negatively charged aluminosilicate groups, thereby inducing structural amorphization. The insights gained into the alkali-fusion activation mechanism of Mt provide a foundation for developing more effective clay activation strategies, thereby promoting the use of the activated clay as a low-carbon cementitious material.
蒙脱土与氢氧化钠的碱熔是提高其活性的有效方法，是一种很有前途的低碳胶凝材料。然而，在碱熔过程中，Mt的结构转变和活化机制仍不清楚。在本研究中，采用反应分子动力学（ReaxFF MD）模拟研究了Mt在500-1200℃范围内的碱熔过程。结果表明，Al-O八面体在600℃时开始脱羟基，形成低配位Al物种（Al[5]/Al[4]）和H₂O，破坏Al-O-Al/Mg网络。相比之下，Si原子主要保持4配位构型（Si[4]），释放的羟基与Si原子反应形成Si- oh构型，主要分布在Mt的内表面。与铝骨架相比，Si- o -Si网络具有更好的热稳定性。Mt反应性的增强主要是由NaOH中的Na +而不是OH⁻驱动的。这些Na +离子破坏了Si-O键并穿透了Mt层，导致Si-O- si网络内形成了孔隙。由此产生的孔隙有利于Na⁺进一步进入，这促进了网络的广泛破裂，并与带负电荷的硅酸铝基团结合，从而诱导结构非晶化。对Mt碱熔活化机理的深入了解为开发更有效的粘土活化策略提供了基础，从而促进了活性粘土作为低碳胶凝材料的使用。
{"title":"Mechanistic insights into the NaOH-alkali fusion of montmorillonite through ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations","authors":"Wei Ge , Lulu Pan , Jun Chen , Fanfei Min , Hui Liu , Shaoxian Song","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alkali fusion of montmorillonite (Mt) with NaOH is an effective method to enhance its reactivity and produce a promising low-carbon cementitious material. However, the structural transformations of Mt and activation mechanisms during the alkali fusion process remain poorly understood. In this study, reactive molecular dynamics (ReaxFF MD) simulations were employed to investigate the alkali fusion process of Mt across a temperature range of 500–1200 °C. The results reveal that dehydroxylation of Al-O octahedron initiates at 600 °C, leading to the formation of low-coordinated Al species (Al[5]/Al[4]), H₂O and destruction of Al-O-Al/Mg network. In contrast, Si atoms predominantly maintain a 4-coordinated configuration (Si[4]), and the released hydroxyl groups react with Si atoms to form Si-OH configurations, mainly localized within the inner surface of Mt. The Si-O-Si network exhibits superior thermal stability compared to the aluminous framework. The enhancement of Mt reactivity is primarily driven by Na⁺ ions from NaOH, rather than OH⁻ ions. These Na⁺ ions disrupt the Si-O bonds and penetrate the Mt layers, leading to pore formation within the Si-O-Si network. The resulting pores facilitate further ingress of Na⁺, which promotes extensive fracturing of the network and engages with negatively charged aluminosilicate groups, thereby inducing structural amorphization. The insights gained into the alkali-fusion activation mechanism of Mt provide a foundation for developing more effective clay activation strategies, thereby promoting the use of the activated clay as a low-carbon cementitious material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 108625"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147399524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108588
Yue Su, Jie Li, Shengli Wu, Wenbo Hu
There is a significant demand for high secondary electron emission (SEE) coefficients and long operational lifetimes in vacuum electronic devices. Therefore, the fabrication of thin films with excellent SEE performance has become increasingly critical. In this study, we demonstrate a simple yet effective approach to enhance the SEE coefficient and simultaneously reduce the decay rate of Al and Au co-doped MgO films by introducing a buffer layer and tuning its thickness. By investigating the crystallization behavior of films with varying buffer layer thicknesses, we reveal that the buffer layer significantly influences the surface morphology, chemical states, and band structure of the films, all of which play important roles in determining the final SEE performance. Notably, the Al and Au co-doped MgO film with a 40 nm-thick Al buffer layer exhibited the best SEE performance, improving the SEE coefficient from 5.03 to 5.32 while alleviating the decay rate from 13.6% to 9.8%. Compared to traditional approaches involving complex structural design, the strategy of incorporating a buffer layer offers a simple, reproducible, and scalable method for the fabrication of high-performance SEE films. The suitability of the optimized films for use in multipliers was demonstrated by the remarkable performance enhancement achieved upon their integration into the devices.
{"title":"Influence of Al Buffer Layer Thickness on SEE Properties of Al and Au Co-doped MgO Film","authors":"Yue Su, Jie Li, Shengli Wu, Wenbo Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is a significant demand for high secondary electron emission (SEE) coefficients and long operational lifetimes in vacuum electronic devices. Therefore, the fabrication of thin films with excellent SEE performance has become increasingly critical. In this study, we demonstrate a simple yet effective approach to enhance the SEE coefficient and simultaneously reduce the decay rate of Al and Au co-doped MgO films by introducing a buffer layer and tuning its thickness. By investigating the crystallization behavior of films with varying buffer layer thicknesses, we reveal that the buffer layer significantly influences the surface morphology, chemical states, and band structure of the films, all of which play important roles in determining the final SEE performance. Notably, the Al and Au co-doped MgO film with a 40 nm-thick Al buffer layer exhibited the best SEE performance, improving the SEE coefficient from 5.03 to 5.32 while alleviating the decay rate from 13.6% to 9.8%. Compared to traditional approaches involving complex structural design, the strategy of incorporating a buffer layer offers a simple, reproducible, and scalable method for the fabrication of high-performance SEE films. The suitability of the optimized films for use in multipliers was demonstrated by the remarkable performance enhancement achieved upon their integration into the devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 108588"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108573
Shanjun Ding, Man Li, Mengxi Liu, Xiaomeng Wu, Chuan Chen, Qichang An, Zhidan Fang, Qidong Wang
Enhancing interfacial adhesion strength and reducing warpage is critical for developing large size flip-chip ball grid array (FCBGA) substrates in the field of advanced packaging. Copper can affect adhesion strength and warpage of substrates. However, the effect of the annealing process on adhesion strength and warpage has not been focused on so far. Herein, a panel-level FCBGA substrate with four layers and dimensions of 400 mm × 250 mm was fabricated and used to study adhesion properties and warpage. By adjusting the annealing time at 190 °C, the interfacial copper oxide and internal stress of electroplated copper were optimized, thereby improving adhesion strength and reducing warpage. The results showed that when the annealing time increased from 0 h to 6 h, the adhesion strength increased by about 28% and the maximum warpage value decreased by 62.2%. The mechanisms underlying the increased adhesion strength and reduced warpage were explained in detail. This work provides guidance both theoretically and experimentally to enhance adhesion strength and suppress warpage of FCBGA substrates in the future.
在先进封装领域，提高界面粘接强度和减少翘曲是发展大尺寸倒装球栅阵列（FCBGA）基板的关键。铜会影响基材的附着力和翘曲度。然而，退火工艺对粘接强度和翘曲量的影响目前尚未得到研究。本文制备了四层尺寸为400 mm × 250 mm的板级FCBGA衬底，并对其粘附性能和翘曲性能进行了研究。通过调整在190℃下的退火时间，优化了电镀铜的界面氧化铜和内应力，从而提高了附着强度，减少了翘曲。结果表明，当退火时间从0 h增加到6 h时，材料的粘接强度提高了约28%，最大翘曲量降低了62.2%。详细解释了增加粘合强度和减少翘曲的机制。本研究为今后提高FCBGA衬底的粘接强度和抑制翘曲提供了理论和实验指导。
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Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108619
Wei Lu , Wenjing Xiong , Yuxin Zhang , Xiaoyi Li , Cheng Pan , Guozhi Fan , Yifei Long
Oily wastewater treatment has become a global challenge due to ecological damage from massive discharge of industrial and domestic wastewater. In this work, a superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic cellulose separation membrane was fabricated using agricultural waste corn cob as the raw material and filter paper as the substrate through a simple dip-coating process. The superwettability was endowed to the membrane by the abundant hydroxyl groups in the cellulose on its surface. In addition, the membrane showed high separation efficiency (>99.8%) and flux (>1500 L m-2 h-1). Such separation performance was retained even after 50 cycles, demonstrating excellent fouling resistance. Furthermore, underwater superoleophobicity was maintained by the membrane under acidic, alkaline, and saline conditions, exhibiting excellent durability and chemical stability, which suggested significant potential for application in harsh environments. In addition, the membrane structure still remained intact following curling tests and one-week exposure to air, indicating robust structural durability and excellent storage stability. Such straw-based cellulose membrane offers a promising sustainable approach for both recycling agricultural waste and developing efficient oil-water separation materials.
由于工业和生活污水的大量排放对生态的破坏，含油污水的处理已成为一个全球性的挑战。本文以农业废玉米芯为原料，滤纸为基材，采用简单的浸涂工艺制备了超亲水性和水下超疏油纤维素分离膜。膜的超润湿性是由其表面纤维素中丰富的羟基赋予的。此外，该膜具有较高的分离效率（>99.8%）和通量（>1500 L m-2 h-1）。这种分离性能在循环50次后仍保持不变，表现出优异的抗污性能。此外，该膜在酸性、碱性和盐水条件下都能保持水下超疏油性，表现出优异的耐久性和化学稳定性，这表明其在恶劣环境中的应用潜力巨大。此外，经过卷曲测试和一周的空气暴露后，膜结构仍然保持完整，表明结构耐久性强，储存稳定性好。这种秸秆基纤维素膜为回收农业废弃物和开发高效油水分离材料提供了一种有前途的可持续方法。
{"title":"Sustainable fabrication of superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic straw-cellulose membranes for oil-water separation","authors":"Wei Lu , Wenjing Xiong , Yuxin Zhang , Xiaoyi Li , Cheng Pan , Guozhi Fan , Yifei Long","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oily wastewater treatment has become a global challenge due to ecological damage from massive discharge of industrial and domestic wastewater. In this work, a superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic cellulose separation membrane was fabricated using agricultural waste corn cob as the raw material and filter paper as the substrate through a simple dip-coating process. The superwettability was endowed to the membrane by the abundant hydroxyl groups in the cellulose on its surface. In addition, the membrane showed high separation efficiency (>99.8%) and flux (>1500 L m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>). Such separation performance was retained even after 50 cycles, demonstrating excellent fouling resistance. Furthermore, underwater superoleophobicity was maintained by the membrane under acidic, alkaline, and saline conditions, exhibiting excellent durability and chemical stability, which suggested significant potential for application in harsh environments. In addition, the membrane structure still remained intact following curling tests and one-week exposure to air, indicating robust structural durability and excellent storage stability. Such straw-based cellulose membrane offers a promising sustainable approach for both recycling agricultural waste and developing efficient oil-water separation materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 108619"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The widespread use of electronic devices, particularly mobile phones, has led to significant electromagnetic radiation, causing interference with the functionality of certain medical equipment. This not only affects device operation but also poses a threat to human health. This study developed a multifunctional flexible PET decorative material with excellent EMI electromagnetic shielding performance. At an ultra-thin Ag thickness of 40 nm, its resistivity is only 0.88 Ω/sq. It also achieves high EMI shielding performance of 49.89 dB, high infrared reflectivity of 65.60%, and excellent antibacterial performance of 99.99%. The modified PET water contact angle has been increased from 77.55° to 111.17°, achieving hydrophobic modification and meeting the hydrophobic requirements of decorative materials in conventional applications. This study demonstrates the potential of this flexible PET coating material for EMI shielding applications. It holds broad prospects in multiple protective fields such as waterproofing and infrared shielding, while its antibacterial properties provide strong assurance for medical applications.
{"title":"AZO/Ag/AZO/PET decorative materials for healthcare environments with multifunctional attributes","authors":"Chuchun Liu, Jun Ouyang, Chuanshuang Hu, Chenchen Wang, Yonghui Zhou, Xiuyi Lin, Weiwei Zhang, Jiangtao Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfin.2026.108611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread use of electronic devices, particularly mobile phones, has led to significant electromagnetic radiation, causing interference with the functionality of certain medical equipment. This not only affects device operation but also poses a threat to human health. This study developed a multifunctional flexible PET decorative material with excellent EMI electromagnetic shielding performance. At an ultra-thin Ag thickness of 40 nm, its resistivity is only 0.88 Ω/sq. It also achieves high EMI shielding performance of 49.89 dB, high infrared reflectivity of 65.60%, and excellent antibacterial performance of 99.99%. The modified PET water contact angle has been increased from 77.55° to 111.17°, achieving hydrophobic modification and meeting the hydrophobic requirements of decorative materials in conventional applications. This study demonstrates the potential of this flexible PET coating material for EMI shielding applications. It holds broad prospects in multiple protective fields such as waterproofing and infrared shielding, while its antibacterial properties provide strong assurance for medical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22081,"journal":{"name":"Surfaces and Interfaces","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 108611"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147399523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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